英语国家概况期末考试题型及范围

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英语国家概况期末考试

英语国家概况期末考试英语国家概况期末考试北京人文大学2005-2006学年第2学期期末考试《英语国家概况》试卷全部题目用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。

考试时间共150分钟。

Part One (40 points)I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinishedstatement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choosethe one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write theletter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (40points, 1 point for each)1. On the island of Great Britain, there are _______.A. four political divisions --- England, Scotland, Wales and Northern IrelandB. four political divisions --- England, Scotland, Wales and IrelandC. three political divisions --- England, Scotland, and WalesD. three political divisions --- England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland2. Who invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC?A. Emperor ClaudiusB. Julius CaesarC. King AlfredD. King Ethelred3. Who is the author of Murder in the Cathedral?A. Christopher MarloweB. T. S. EliotC. Ben JohnsonD. Thomas Becket4. In England, the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was _______.A. the Cobham’s PlotB. the Gunpowder PlotC. the murder of Thomas BecketD. the execution of Mary Queen of Scots5. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of ________.A. IndiaB. AustraliaC. CanadaD. Newfoundland6. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of______.A. Karl MarxB. Margaret ThatcherC. John Maynard KeynesD. Adam Smith7. The Royal National Eisteddfod is a(n) _____ festival of poetry, music and other arts.A. EnglishB. ScottishC. WelshD. Irish8. The British constitution is made up of the following except _______.A. commonwealth lawB. conventionsC. common lawD. statute law9. In Britain, capital punishment is the penalty of _______.A. piracyB. treason and murderC. assassinationD. piracy and treason10. _______ is more important than Christmas to Scots.A. New Year’s DayB. Whit SundayC. April Fool’s DayD. Easter11. The Hundred Years’ War with France was fought ________.A. from 1327 to 1443B. from 1337 to 1453C. from 1347 to 1443D. from 1357 to 145312. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by OliverCromwell as _______.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Modal ArmyD. President13. Ireland is divided into two political parts: _______.A. Northern Ireland and Southern IrelandB. Southern Ireland and the Republic of IrelandC. the Republic of Ireland and Northern IrelandD. Northern Ireland and Britain14. Ireland has a bipolar political system with two major parties: _______.A. Fianna Fail and Fine GaelB. Sinn Fein and Fine GaelC. Fianna Fail and Sinn FeinD. Sinn Fein and IRA15. _______ has been called the American Ruhr.A. The Ohio RiverB. The MississippiC. The MissouriD. The Colorado16. The Constitutional Convention in America was attended by _______.A. all of the 13 statesB. all of the states except MarylandC. all of the states except Rhode IslandD. all of the states, but later Rhode Island withdrew from the convention17. The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the U.S. is the ______.A. blacksB. HispanicsC. Asian-AmericansD. WASPs18. The goal of Roosevelt’s New Deal was ______.A. to change the American economic systemB. to save the American democracy and the capitalist systemC. to weaken monopoly interests in AmericaD. to nationalize banks and financial institutions in America19. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The Louisiana was taken from Britain as a result of the war of 1812.B. The Louisiana Territory was ceded to the United States by France.C. The Louisiana Territory was purchased from Spain.D. The Louisiana Territory was purchased from France.20. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Vietnam War?A. The United States was weakened as a result of it.B. American society had never been so divided since the Civil War.C. Richard Nixon changed the strategy into “Vietnamization” of the war.D. The cease-fire agreement was signed in 1975.21. The following are the factors that have contributed to the development of the U.S.economy EXCEPT _____.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people22. America’s post-war policy toward the former Soviet Union was _______.A. isolationismB. containmentC. appeasementD. neutrality23. The second highest level of the federal judiciary in the U.S. is made up of ______.A. the Supreme CourtB. the courts of special jurisdictionC. the courts of appealD. the district courts24. In the U.S., nearly all the ______ practice some form of open admission.A. research universitiesB. private collegesC. public community collegesD. specialized institutions25. Among those American writers, ____ was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954.A. Walt WhitmanB. Ernest HemingwayC. Mark TwainD. Washington Irving26. In order to remember George Washington, _______.A. a memorial hall was built in his birthplaceB. a memorial hall was built in Washington D.C.C. a tall white Washington Monument was built in the capitalD. an expensive car was named after him27. The name “Canada” is believed to be derived from an Indian word “Kanata”, meaning______.A. a settlementB. a countryC. a meeting placeD. a colony28. By ______, Upper Canada and Lower Canada were created.A. Canada Act of 1791B. Quebec Act of 1774C. British North American ActD. Act of Paris in 176329. ______ and _______ are two main federal parties in Canada.A. The Liberal Party, the Social Credit PartyB. The Liberal Party, the Progressive Conservative PartyC. The New Democratic Party, the Social Credit PartyD. The New Democratic Party, the Progressive Conservative Party30. Since 1971 the Canadian government has adopted a policy of ______, recognizing thatcultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity.A. assimilationB. integrationC. multiculturalismD. gender quality31. The majority of French Canadians live in _______.A. QuebecB. OntarioC. NewfoundlandD. Nova Scotia32. The Parliament of Canada is made up of all the following EXCEPT _____.A. the CrownB. the SenateC. the House of CommonsD. the National Assembly33. The Great Barrier Reef is included on the World Heritage list because it has _____.A. the most beautiful seascape in the worldB. the greatest number of islands in the worldC. the most diverse and complex marine life in the worldD. the longest coast in the world34. The first major discoveries, made in _____ in the early 1850s, resulted in gold rushes inAustralia.A. QueenslandB. South AustraliaC. Victoria and TasmaniaD. Victoria and New South Wales35. It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia’s shores were ______.A. the DutchB. the EnglishC. the GermansD. the Spanish and the Portuguese36. Under the Whitlam government “God Save the Queen” was replaced by _____ asAustralia’s national anthem.A. Waltzing MatildaB. Click Go the ShearsC. Advance Australia FairD. My Country37. With regard to its size, Australia is ______ country in the world.A. the third largestB. the fourth largestC. the fifth largestD. the sixth largest38. In Australia, the House of Representatives and the Senate have equal powers EXCEPTthat _____.A. the House of Representatives cannot introduce money billsB. the Senate cannot introduce money billsC. the House of Representatives can pass lawsD. the Senate can pass laws39. The capital of New Zealand is ________.A. NelsonB. WellingtonC. MelbourneD. Dunedin40. Which of the following about New Zealand is TRUE?A. New Zealand is a republic.B. New Zealand has three major political parties.C. New Zealand has a bicameral parliament.D. Queen Elizabeth II is represented in New Zealand by the Governor-General.Part Two (60 points)II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer inthe corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each)41. Why is Alfred known as “the father of the British navy”?42. What did the destruction of the Spain Amada show?北京人文大学2005-2006学年第2学期期末考试《英语国家概况》试卷专业班级姓名分数全部题目用英文作答，并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。

英语国家概况的复习资料

英语国家概况的复习资料英语国家概况考试题型如下：1.选择题（30 X 1’）2.填空题（20 X 1’）3.简答（10 X 2’）--必须回答完整的句子4.分析题（6 X 5’）-- 必须回答完整的句子总分100 分主要内容包括：一．U.S. Geography1.Full name of U.S..2.Number of States: 50 states.3.After President Jefferson brought the Louisiana territory from France there was a desire forterritorial expansion among many frontier men.4.The U.S. has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. The fourth largest countries.5.Taxas is the largest mainland state of the U.S.. Alaska is the largest state of the U.S..6.Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean.7.America’s movies are mostly made in Hollywood near the city of Los Angeles in southCalifornia.二．U.S. People1.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US is the Blacks (Afriican-Americans).2.The “first Americans” were the Indians.3.The Asian-Americans are the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the United States.4.The first permanent settlement in North America wasesta blished in today’s V erginia in theyear of 1607.5.The “Three Faiths” in the U.S. refer to:ProtestanCatholicJewish6.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from Ireland, Italyand Poland.7.American society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and pestige are unequallydistributed among the population.8.WASP stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.三．Economy1.Services sector (industry) of the economy employs the most American.2.U.S. Federal law prohibits emplyment discrimination on the basis of:RaceLanguageDisability3.The American economy is characterized by a high degree of monoply.4.Mid-west is the nation’s leading center of heavy industry in the United States.5.Microsoft is the largest software company now in the United States.6.Give examples of industries which are decling, and industries which sare fast developing inthe U.S..( P70倒数第一行到P71 第一段)四．Policy1.When was the United States Constitution drafted?In 17872.How long are terms for Senators?6 years.3.How long are terme for members of House of Representatives?2 years4.What are the terms of office for Supreme Court justices?Life.5.Which U.S. President said: “Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall notperish from the ea rth.”---- Abraham Lincoln6.The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world.7.The Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Second Continented Congress on July 4,1776.8.The United States and the People’s Republic of China established diplomatic relations in1979.9.The president of the United States is the head of the executive branch.10.Presidential election is held every 4 years in November in the U.S.A..11.What are the two major political parties in the United States? And their symbols? (P59)One is the Democtatic Party. Symbol is donkey.The other one is the Republican Party. Symbol is elephant.12.What does “FBI” stand for?Federal Bureau of Investigation.13.Who were the two famous leaders assassinated in American History?They are J.F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln.14.Wat are some of the major powers of each of the three branches of the U.S. government? Howare the three branches supposed to check and balance each other? （这题没有统一答案，请大家参考书本P55-P58里面的内容自己组织。

11级国概期末考试题型及范围

英语国家概况考试题型及范围I. Read the following statements carefully and decide whether they are True or False. Write T for true and F for false on your answer sheet correspondingly.（本题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）II. Match each of the items on the left with its corresponding meaning marked with letters a through to j on the right.（本题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）III. Define the following terms using either the exact words from the text or in your own words.（本题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）1. WTO,2. Stonehenge,3. TAFE,4. Abraham Lincoln,5.Windsor Castle,6. British Disease,7. Franklin Roosevelt,8. Golden Gate Bridge,9. Barrier Reef Island,10.Statue of LibertyIV. Give brief answers to the following questions. （本题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分）1. On what basis are applicants chosen by American universities?2. What do the Americans think of education?3. What was the economic situation before and after WWII in Britain?4. What are major factors related to traveling?5. What are the common characteristics of Canada, Australia and New Zealand in history?6. How big is the tourist industry in the United States?7. What does tertiary industry mean?8. What did Margaret Thatcher do to the British economy?9. What is the Governor-General? What roles does he play?10. What does tertiary industry mean? What are included in it?V. State your understanding of the following questions in your own words or the exact words from your text book? （本题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）1.What are the reasons for the remarkable economic achievements made in the USA?2.What roles does agriculture play in the UK and the USA respectively?3.How was the USA founded?。

青岛大学英语国家概况期末试题(含答案)

得　分评卷人英语系2009级自考本科2009-2010学年课程试题系别_______________专业________________班级_______________姓名_____________学号_________是否重修（是、否）系别_______________专业________________班级_______________姓名_____________学号_________是否重修（是、否）英语国家概况（请将答案写在答题纸上！）注意事项：1、本试卷满分100分，共4页，答题时间为90分钟。

题号I II III IV V总分得分I. Multiple Choice：（每题1分，共30分）Read the following unfinished statements or questionscarefully. For each unfinished statement or question,four suggested answers A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one you think best completes the statement or answers the question:1. England occupies the _____ portion of the U.K.A. northernB. easternC. southern D . western2.The capital of Australia is______A.CanberraB.SydneyC.DarwinD.Melbourne3. ______granted Canada full legislative authority in domestic and external affairs.A.Peace TreatyB.British American ActC.Act of UnionD.Statute of Westminster4. Abraham Lincoln belonged to___________.A.the Federalist PartyB.the Republican PartyC.the Whig PartyD.the Democratic Party5. In 1653 _____ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William IID. James I6. Norman Conquest began in _____.A. 1016B. 1066C. 1035D. 11067. The American Revolution (the American War of Independence) brokeout in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1775, 1783B. 1774, 1782C. 1786, 1784D.1778, 17898. William Shakespeare is mainly a _____.试卷第1页（共2页）A. novelistB. dramatistC. poetD. composer9. Under ______, the feudal system in England was completely established.A. King AlfredB. Henry IIC. Edward ID. William the Conqueror10. ________was generally considered the transitional period between theMiddle Ages and modern times, covering the years c.1350-c.1650A. The ReformationB. The RenaissanceC. The RestorationD. The Glorious Revolution11. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the _____ century.A. 17thB. 16thC. 15thD. 16th12. The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____.A. CaliforniaB. ArizonaC. WyomingD.Alaska13. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States.A. ErieB. SuperiorC. MichiganD. Ontario14. Only the climate in the southern part of _____ is tropical.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. VirginiaD. Washington15. _____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”.A. PhiladelphiaB. PlymouthC. BostonD. Washington D.C.16. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. Colorado17. At the _____ Conference, the heads of the Soviet Union, the U.S. andBritain discussed the problem of opening the second battlefield in Europe.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. CasablancaD. Potsdam18. The programme of 1947 that America would offer its money suppliesand machinery to any European nation that wished to participate in was called _____.A. Eisenhower DoctrineB. Marshall PlanC. Truman DoctrineD. McCarthyism19. _____ is regarded as the father of detective stories.A. Mark TwainB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Herman MelvilleD. Ernest Hemingway20. Halloween is a _____.A. summer festivalB. night-time festivalC. sweethearts’ holidayD. pilgrims holiday21. The symbol of the US Democratic Party is _____.A. donkeyB. elephantC. eagleD. horse22. The U. S. Constitution came into effect in _______.A. 1787B. 1789C. 1791D. 179323. The terms for a Senator and Representative are _____ and ______ years.A. two, fourB. two, threeC. two, sixD. six, two24. ____ were the first group of people who arrived on the islands of New Zealand.A. MaorisB. EuropeansC. AustraliansD. Chinese25. Which of the following is true about the British Commonwealth? 系别_______________专业________________班级_______________姓名_____________学号_________是否重修（是、否）得　分评卷人A．Members of nations are joined together politically.B. The commonwealth has special powers.C. The decision to become a member of the Commonwealth is made by Britain.D. It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.26. The policy of the United States was ______ at the beginning of the two world wars.A. neutralityB. full involvementC. partial involvementD. appeasement27. In World War I, the Australian-New Zealand force at Gallipoli was called the ________.A. AnzacsB. Yankees D. Allies D. Common Force28. Mount Rushmore National Memorial has four 60-foot sculptures ofthe heads of former United States presidents. Which of the following presidents is not included in the four?A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Abraham LincolnD. Franklin Roosevelt29. Quebec differs from other Canadian provinces because________A. it is very rich in oilB. it is ideal for wheat growingC. it has a strong French cultureD. its tourist trade is very important to the economy30. Union Jack refers to the National Flag of ________.A. the U.K.B. the U.S.C. AustraliaD. CanadaII. Blank Filling（每题2分，共30分）1. The largest river in Ireland is the _____, whichprovides electric power for much of the Republic.2. In 1840 Britain launched an aggressive war against _____.3. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____.4. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean.5. The _____ were the original inhabitants in America.6．The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of得　分评卷人得　分评卷人Independence.7．After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.8. The famous story _____ helps Washington Irving earn great fame in the literary world.试卷第2页（共2页）9. In the history of American literature, Ernest Hemingway was arepresentative of the________Generation.10. In the US,_____ has the sole right to interpret the Constitution.11. The state of ______ is the largest in area of all the states in the US.12 .When we speak of “father of waters” of “old man river”, we are referring to_____13. The capital of New Zealand is _______.14． On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln mad a short speech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at ________, which was ended with the following memorable words: “…that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”15. Mary I re-established Catholicism and burnt three hundredProtestants, for which she was called “_____” Mary.III. Definition （每题3分，共15分）1. Black Death2. Glorious Revolution3. Constitutional Monarchy4. the Great Depression5. Marshall PlanIV. Short-answer questions: （每题5分，共15分）1. What were the consequences of the NormanConquest?2. What were the contributions of the President得　分评卷人得　评卷Theodore Roosevelt?3. What are the functions of the American Congress?V. Essay Questions （每题10分，共10 分, 任选一道题目作答)1． What was the industrial revolution? Why wasBritain the first country to start the industrial revolution?2． Why do American people respect and lovepresident Abraham Lincoln and President George Washington?英语系2009级自考专科2009-2010学年课程试题系别_______________专业________________班级_______________姓名_____________学号_________是否重修（是、否）系别_______________专业________________班级_______________姓名_____________学号_________是否重修（是、否）答题纸英语国家概况题号IIIIIIIVV总分得分I. Multiple Choice: （每题1分，共30）分人请将每道题对应的答案涂黑1A B C D16A B C D 2A B C D17A B C D 3A B C D18A B C D 4A B C D19A B C D 5A B C D20A B C D 6A B C D21A B C D 7A B C D22A B C D 8A B C D23A B C D 9A B C D24A B C D 10A B C D25A B C D 11A B C D26A B C D 12A B C D27A B C D 13A B C D28A B C D 14A B C D29A B C D 15A B C D30A B C D得　分评卷人得　分评卷人答题纸第1页（共2页）II. Blank Filling （每题2分，共30）12345 678910 1112131415III. Definition （每题3分，共15分）1.2.得　分评卷人3.4.5系别_______________专业________________班级_______________姓名_____________学号_________是否重修（是、否）IV. Short-answer questions: （每题5分，共15分）1.2.3.答题纸第2页（共2页）得　分评卷人V．Essay Questions（每题10分，共10 分, 任选一道题目作答)英语系2009级自考专科2009-2010学年课程试题系别_______________专业________________班级得　分评卷人_______________姓名_____________学号_________是否重修（是、否）系别_______________专业________________班级_______________姓名_____________学号_________是否重修（是、否）答案英语国家概况题号I II III IV V总分得分I. Multiple Choice: （每题1分，共30）请将每道题对应的答案涂黑1A B C█D16A B C D█2A█B C D17A B█C D3A B C D█18A B█C D4A B█C D19A B█C D5A█B C D20A B█C D6A B█C D21A█B C D7A█B C D22A B█C D8A B█C D23A B C D█9A B C D█24A█B C D10A B█C D25A B C D█11A█B C D26A█B C D 12A B C█D27A█B C D 13A B C█D28A B C D█14A█B C D29A B C█D 15A█B C D30A█B C D得　分评卷人III. Definition （每题3分，共15分）1.The Black Death was a devastating pandemicthat first struck Europe in the mid-14thcentury (1347–50), killing about a third of Europe's population. The economic consequences of the Black Death were far-reaching, including a vast area of untended land and the shortage of labor.2.It refers to the time in British history (1688) when King James II was removed from power, and his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, who accepted the Bill of Rights, became joint rulers. Glorious revolution is the beginning of the age of constitutional Monarchy.3.It is a governmental system in which the head of the State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule. The country is namely reigned by the Sovereign, but virtually by His or Her Majesty’s Government—a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to Parliament. Its history began after Glorious revolution in 1688.4.The Great Depression was a massive global economic recession that ran from 1929, when the stock market experienced the "black Thursday",to the end of World War II. Its primary impact included numerous bank failures, high unemployment, as well as dramatic drops in Gross Domestic Product (GDP),得　分评卷人industrial production, stock market share prices and virtually every other measure of economic growth.5系别_______________专业________________班级_______________姓名_____________学号_________是否重修（是、否）It refers to the economic aid the US decided to offer Western European in order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion. The name came from the Secretary of State George Marshall, the announcer of the plan. It helped West Europe to recover and begin to show signs of development.IV. Short-answer questions: （每题5分，共15分）1.得　分评卷人2.3.V．Essay Questions（每题10分，共10 分, 任选一道题目作答)。

英语国家概况期末试卷样本.doc

科目：《英语国家概况》（A卷）Final Examination on A Guide to English-Speaking Countries 一Multiple choice ( 30’)(D ) 1As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was aterrible shortage of ___ in England.A grainB farm toolsC housesD labor( D ) 2In the late 17th century, two of most famous literary works were Pilgrim’sProgressand _________ .A the Jew of MaltaB the School of ArcheryC Novum OrganumD Paradise Lost(C ) 3.In 1836, a group of skilled workers and _____ formed the London WorkingMen’s Association.A householdersB tenantsC small shopkeepersD office workers( C ) 4. In the Industrial Revolution, changesoccurred earliest and quickest in theindustry of ______.A. pottery B hardware C textiles D chemicals( C ) 5. In Britain police officers are not allowed to join ________ or to go on strike.A a choirB a political partyC a trade unionD a club(B ) 6The Great Carter of 1215 is also known as _________.A People’s CharterB Magna CartaC King’ s CharterD the Declaration of human rights(B ) 7 Henry Ⅱ was the first king of the ________ dynasty.A MalcolmB PlantagenetC WindsorD Tudor( A) 8. __________ is the most typically English of sportsA CricketB GolfC TennisD Horse-racing ( A ) 9.By the Treaty of ______ of 1842, China ceded _______ to Britain.A Nanjing, Hong KongB Tianjing, Hong KongC Nanjing, MacauD Tianjing, Macau( D ) 10.In _______, the name Great Britain came into being.A 1689B 1702C 1701D1707( C ) 11. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and the beginning of 1930s was first brought about by ___.A the farm failureB the bank failuresC the stock market crashD the high unemployment( D ) 12． What are the problems that the . economy has faced from time to timeA InflationB DepressionsC RecessionsD all of the above ( A ) 13．The real American literature began________.A after the war of IndependenceB after the Westward MovementC after the Civil WarD after the Civil Rights Movement ( A ) 14.In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of ____ .A coalB electricityC oilD wheat( D ) 15.In the United States, if the parents don’ t send their children to school at certain age, ________ .A the state government will be responsible for itB they will educate the children themselvesC they can save a lot of moneyD they are breaking the law( D ) 16. The . and China established their diplomatic relations in _____.A 1974B 1972C 1978D1979( C ) 17 In his inaugural speech, ______ said that“the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”.A Woodrow WilsonB Theodore RooseveltC Franklin D. RooseveltD George Washington(C ) 18. One of the characteristics of the American people is _______ and it is said they are always ______.A liberty, debatingB aggressiveness, starting warsC mobility, on the moveD greediness, making money( D ) 19. Hemingway’s most famous masterpiece was ______.A The Sun Also RisesB A Farewell to ArmsC For Whom the Bell TollsD Old Man and the Sea(D ) 20. The system of higher education in the U. S. has three principle functions except ____-.A teachingB researchC public serviceD individual service following statements are T (true) or F (false) according to what you have learned’.(10) (T ) 1 There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: Scotland, Wales and England.(F)2 Under William’s rule, the freeman were at the bottom of the feudal system. (F ) 3 The English Civil War is also called the Glorious Revolution.(F)4 In , a Parliament has a maximum duration of 4 years.(T)5 Christmas Day, December 25th, celebrates the birth of Christ, and is the greatest of Christian festivals.(F ) 6 Chicago is known as the automobile capital of the world.( T ) 7 Between 1850 and1880, many early Chinese immigrants to the United States worked in the mining industry, especially in the gold mines.(T)8 The Pilgrims built a colony named Plymouth after they arrived in America.(F ) 9. The longest war that the United States has fought is the Civil War.(T ) 10. Higher education in the consists of six types of institutions.三Fill in the following blanks: (10’)1 In 1066, England was conquered by the __ Norman___________ who were led by William the Conqueror.2 The greatest writer in the English language is ___Shakespeare_________________ .3 In criminal trials in Britain, the issue of guilt or innocence is to be decided by the ___ jury __ while sentence is to be passed by the __ judge_____________ .4 The dominant broadcastingcorporation in Britain is __ BBC__________, which is controlled by the state.5 The most famous leader of the American Civil Rights movement in the 1960s was___Martin Luther King___________________.6 The . system of government has two layers of rule. They are the __Federal_________government and the __ State ____ government.7. The National Day of the United States is _ 4, July_____.8 Between 1946 and 1961, more than 63 million babies were born in the United States, who were known as the __baby boom____________ generation.四Give a one-sentence answer to each of the followingquestions.’(30) 1 What is the official name of Britain2 What were the main causes of the Hundred Years’War3 What are the primary sources of British law4 How was the 1920s in the United States described by manyhistorians 5 What is the meaning of the“Lost Generation”6.What were the two guiding principles underlying America diplomatic activities in World War Two7.What are the three periods as far as the evolution the British economy since the Second World War is concerned8.What kind of economic system does the United States have9.Why is education very important to Americans10.What does the British Parliament consist of五Writing.(20’)要求： How to Enhance Our Sense of Happiness1.人们对于如何提升幸福感有不同的看法2.幸福感的提升不仅包括物质层面，也包括参考答案一 1 DDCCC 6 BBAAD 11 CDAAD 16 DCCDD二 1 TFFFT 6 FTTFT三 1 Norman 2 Shakespeare 3 jury judge 4 BBC 5 Martin Luther King6 Federal State7 4, July8 baby boom四1 The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nortain Ireland.2 Tthe main causesof the Hundred Years’ War were partly territorial and partly economic.3 The primary sources of British law are: (1) Statutes of Parliament; (2) common law; (3) equity law; (4) European Community law.4 The 1920s in the United States has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.5 The “ Lost Generation refers to those who are both physically and spiritually impotent.6 The first was to win the war; the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with American interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.7 (1) Steady development in the 50s and 60s;(2)Economic recession in the 70s;(3)Economic recovery in the 80s.8 The United state has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.9. Because it contributes to developing the national strength and personal success.10 The British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.五1Thanksgiving Day is a typical American holiday. It is an annual day of thanks for the blessings people have enjoyed during the year. The theme of thanksgiving has been peace and plenty, health and happiness.2The Civil Rights Act of 1964 It was signed into law by President Jonson in 1964. It outlawed discrimination not only in public housing, but also in employment on thebasis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.六1：The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred toas Thatcherism. It included:(1)the return to private ownership of state-owned industries;(2)the use of monetarist polices to control inflation;(3)the weakening of trade union;(4)the strengthening of the role market forces in the economy;(5)an emphasis on law and order.2 The war, however, had great impact on the development of the United States.（1） The war made people realize the importance of a strong national government.（2） The war strengthened the feeling of national unity and patriotism.（ 3） For almost 10 years after the war, the Americans turned their attention to thedevelopment of the western part of the continent.（4） It made both Britain and Unites States realize that their disputes should be solve through negotiation..Pleasewrite any three of the 13 colonies the British established along the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1733.。

英语国家概况期末考查试题

英语国家概况期末考查试题专业年级：12翻译2班学号：20124312 姓名：曹忠慧成绩：I.Please comment on the rise and fall of British Empire.Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1873, Britain had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War I, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain’s colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall of the Empire.II.List the major wars in American History from colonial period to the first half of the 20th century and comment on their influence on America’s development.1.The Revolutionary War lasted from 1775-1783. This fight between Great Britain and its thirteen colonies was the result of years of growing conflict. After the French and Indian War that occurred between1754-1763, the British government began requiring the colonies to pay higher taxes. Over time, protests and conflict led to a tightening of control by the Mother Country. Beginning with the fighting at Lexington and Concord in April 1775, open warfare broke out. On October 19, 1781, the British soldiers were forced to surrender and the war came to an end. The British and the Americans made formal peace and in 1783 they signed the Treaty of Paris. With the signing of this treaty, the United States of America won its independence.2.The Civil War which lasted from 1861 to 1865 divided the United States to such an extent that its impact can still be felt over 140 years later. Many of the major causes of the war were set from the inception of the Constitution. The battles, both large and small, were horribly bloody and resulted in over 600,000 deaths and over 450,000 injuries. Accordingly, on January 1,1863, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which granted freedom to all slaves including those in areas still controlled by the Confederacy. The war resolved two fundamental issues. Slavery wascompletely abolished and America became not a collection of semi-independent states, but a single, indivisible nation.3. World War I was fought between 1914 and 1918, though the United States did not enter the war until 1917. The causes of World War I are complicated and based on years of entangling alliances and competition between nations. After World War I, America saw a short-term development in the 1920s, but unexpectedly, the Great Depression broke out.4. When events began happening in Europe that would eventually lead to World War II, many Americans took an increasingly hard line towards getting involved. World War I had caused an increased desire for isolationism amongst the American people. However, the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 led to America's involvement in the war. During the war, the development of the American economy reached a higher stage. As a result, America became the strongest power in the Western world.5. The Cold War was a stand-off between the two major superpowers left at the end of World War II: the United States and the Soviet Union. They both tried to further their own ends by influencing nations around the world. The period was marked by conflict and increasing tension that only resolved with the fall of the Berlin Wall and the break up of the Soviet Union in 1991.6. Both Korea and Vietnam were "hot" wars that occured during the Cold War era. In both of the conflicts, America was fighting overseas to try and stop the spread of communism. Unfortunately, neither war resulted in victory for the United States and both led to increased dissension amongst the American people. The war greatly weakened America and sharpened the country’s internal contradictions.III.What are the political systems in UK and in the United States?Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. Its government system or so-called the Westminster system has directly influenced the political system of many other countries. The main characteristic is the doctrine of Parliamentary supremacy 、the core of the power is the cabinet、clearance monarch and Organized political party. Doctrine of Parliamentary supremacy is legislative powers is in the core status. The first set of western capitalist political systems created by Britain is praised as a source and model of the western political system monarchy. Although the king or Queen is the head of state, their powers are largely symbolic. The government is elected by people and the whole country is governed according toBritish constitutional principles.The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.As a parliamentary democracy, the British government is characterized by a division of powers among the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. However, the division among these three branches is not as absolute as that in the United States, because the Prime Minister, the head of the executive branch, is also the leader of the majority party in parliament. Furthermore, he advises the monarch on the candidates of judges of the Supreme Court. Three parties dominate politics in the House of Commons. They all operate throughout Great Britain (only the Conservative Party stands candidates in Northern Ireland). Most of the British Members of the European Parliament, the Scottish Parliament, and the National Assembly for Wales represent one of these parties:1、Labor Party, centre-right to left-wing Co-operative Party2、Conservative Party, centrist to centre-right3、Liberal Democrats, centrist to centre-left.The United States is a federal constitutional republic, in which the President of the United States (the head of the state and head of the government), congress, and judiciary share powers reserved to the national government, and the federal government shares sovereignty with the state governments. Federal and state elections generally take place within a two-party system, although this is not enshrined in law. The executive branch is headed by President and is independent of the legislature. Legislative power is vested in the two chambers of Congress, the Senate and the House of the Representatives. The judicial branch (or judiciary) which is composed of the Supreme Court and lower federal courts exercises judiciary power (or judiciary). The judiciary's function is to interpret the United States Constitution and federal laws and regulations. This includes resolving disputes between the executive and legislative branches. The federal government of the United States was established bythe Constitution. Two parties, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party, have dominated American politics since the American Civil War, although other parties have also existed. Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for the presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches, and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President as soon as the first stage is over.。

【word】《英语国家概况》期末复习提要

《英语国家概况》期末复习提要《英语国家概况》期末复习提要内蒙古电大责任教师宋慧文“英语国家概况”是中央广播电视大学英语专业的必修科目之一.本课程是通过英语阅读主要英语国家社会,文化背景材料,扩大知识面的文化知识课.所选教材是《英语国家社会文化入门》.本书分上下两册.上册内容包括英国部分l2章,澳大利亚部分4章和新西兰部分2章.每章都附有词汇表(V ocabulary),注释(Notes),本课重点(FCPoints),练习(Exercises)以及思考题(QuestionsforThought).通过学习本课程,学生应了解这三个国家的社会文化概貌,掌握这些国家的有关地理,历史,政治,经济,社会生活和文化传统的基本知识.具体而言,学生首先应认真通读各章的课文,借助课后的词汇表和注释,力求理解课文的基本内容,如:历史事件,社会背景,有关人物和时间地点等等.为帮助学生理解,注释部分不仅解释了课文中的难点,而且提供了一些必要的背景知识.本课重点部分列出课文的主要线索.这些内容是考查重点,学生复习时应尤其注意.练习部分共有三种题型:名词解释,填空和多项选择,目的是帮助学生进一步加深对课文的理解,并提供一个通过自我检测了解所学知识掌握程度的机会.书后附有标准答案.思考题是为了引导学生灵活运用所学知识,培养综合分析的能力.思考题不在考试范围之内.考试试题共分4个部分,所有考题内容不超过本教科书课文的范围.第一部分是选择题,2O小题,每题1分,共2O分,要求学生根据问题从A,B,C,D四个选项中选出一个正确答案.例如:问:WhichgroupofpeopleinBritain CANNOTvoteingeneralelections?选项为:[A]membersoftheHouseof Commons[B]LordsintheHouseofLords[C]theUKcitizensabovetheageof18[D]citizensoftheIrishRepubliclivingintheUK这是上册英国部分第4章”Polities”的内容,从课文中我们知道,英国上议院的议员是不能参加大选的,所以正确的选项应为[B], 有关A,B,C,D的内容都可以在”polities”这一章中找到.第二部分是填空题.每个空格为一题,2O个小题,每题1.5分,共3O分.例如: Sincethediscoveryofoilandgasunder——,Britainhasgainedastrongposition intheoffshoreoilindustry.这是英国部分第5章”TheUK Economy”的内容,从课文中我们知道这是指英国北海的石油和天然气资源,所以正确答案应为”theNorthSea”.这一部分答题时除应注意内容的准确性外,还应注意拼写,大小写及定冠词,不定冠词等.如这题中的”the”就不能遗漏,否则会被扣分.第三部分是简答题.10个小题,每小题2分,共2O分.要求学生用一句话简答问题.例如:问题为:Howmanykindsofhorse—racingalethereinBritainandwhatalethey?这是英国部分第7章”SportsinBritain”的内容,在英国共有两种赛马比赛:平地赛马一8】一和障碍赛马.因为这一部分答题时要求用一句话回答,所以要用一句完整的句子,语法和拼写都要注意.这个问题的正确回答应该是: Therearetwokindsofhorse——racingin Britain:flatracingandsteeplechasing.这部分考题形式在教材练习中没有出现过,需要学生在学习过程中自己综合.但只要对课文重点内容熟悉,对其他练习熟悉,这部分考题也不难.第四部分是解释题,在8题中任选6题,每小题5分,共30分.要求学生用简洁的英语(不超过5句话)解释每个词语.这部分主要考查学生的综合概括表达能力,问题的主要点应该抓住,同时注意语法,用词等.例题目:CharlesDickens这是英国部分第6章”BritishLiterature’’中的内容.按要求,学生应把有关狄更斯的知识综合概括一下,分为几点来写:他是什么时代的人,在文学史上的地位,作品的特点,代表作等等,简单扼要地总结一下.因为评分时是按点给分的,所以回答要全面,同时也应注意语法结构.下面的答案可作参考: CharlesDickensisregardedaSoneofthe greatest19th—centuryEnglishwriters.(2分)Hisworksarecharactericedbyvividcomic characterizationandsocialcriticism.(2分)He wrotemanywell—knownnovels,including OliverTwist,A TaleofTwoCities,David Copperfield,tonalTlejustafew.(1分)《英语国家概况》模拟试题I,.Thereare20questionsinthispart. Eachquestionisfollowedbyfourchoices markedA,B,CandD.Choosethecorrect answertoeachofthequestionsandwrite youransweratthecorrespondingplaceonthe82一ANSWERSHEET.(20points)1.TheTowerofLondon.andhistorical sight,locatedinthecentreofLondon,WaS builtby.A.KingHaroldB.RobinHoodC.OliveCromwellD.WilliamtheConqueror2.1972WaStheworstyearofthe politicaltroublesinNorthemIrelandbecause ●._.,-._____.__-_●●●_一●A.13Catholicswereshotdeadbythe policeB.468peoplewerekilledinNorthem IrelandC.thegovemmentcarriedoutapolicy known aS”internment’’D.bloodykillingof468peoplefortified CatholieoppositiontotheBritishpresenceinNorthemIreland3.WhichofthefollowingisN0Ttrue abouttheBritishConstitution.*A.ItiSadocumentwhichlistsoutthe baSicprinciplesforgovemmentB.ItiSthefoundationofBritish governancetodayC.ConventionsandLawspassedby ParliamentarepartoftheConstitutionD.Thecoinmonlawsarepartofthe Constitution4.WhoiStheleaderoftheBritish Labourpartyatpresent?A.JohnMajorB.TonyBlairC.HaroldWilsonD.MargaretThatcher5.Whichofthefollowingstatements abouttheUKeconomyisN0Ttrue?A.BritainremainsoneoftheGroupof SevenlargeindustrialeconomiesB.Britainhasexperiencedarelative economicdeclinesince1945C.Therehasbeenaperiodofsteady decreasingoflivingstandardsD.Somesmallereconomieshave overtakentheUKintermsofoutputper capita6.WhichofthefollowingsportsWasnot inventedinBritain?A.FootballB.TennisC.ArcheryD.Cricket7.Whichofthefollowingistrueabout theGuyFawkes’Night?A.ItiscelebratedbyScottishpeoplein NovemberB.ItiscelebratedbyEnglishpeoplein NovemberC.ItiscelebratedbyScottishpeoplein AugustD.ItiscelebratedbyEnglishpeoplein August8.Whichofthefollowingschoolswouldadmitchildrenwithoutreferencetotheir academicabilitiesinBritain?prehensiveschoolsB.SecondaryschoolsC.IndependentschoolsD.Grammarschools9.Whichofthefollowingaboutclass systemintheUKisNoTtrue.9A.Peopleofdifferentclassestendtoread differentkindsofnewspaperB.CIass—divisionisonlydecidedby people’SincomeC.Th0ughsocialadvancementis possible,classaffectsaperson’slife—chancesD.Thewaypeoplespeakidentifies themselvestoparticularclass10.InBritain.thegreatmajorityof parentssendtheirchilderntoA.privateschoolsB.independentschoolsC.stateschoolsD.publicschools11.WhichofthefollowingisNOT characteristicofthehereditaryaristocracyin theUK?A.Thenobletitlescanbeinheritedby thechildrenB,Theyusuallyownhistorichousesin thecountryC.Theyaretherichestgroupofpeople intheUKD.Theseniormemberscanbelordsin theHouseofLords12.NowdaystheBritishforeignpolicyis largelyshapedbyitspraticipationinA.theCommonwealthB.theEuropeanEconomicCommunityC.theUnitedNations,theEuropean Union,UA T0,etcD.aEuropeanfederalgovernment13.WhichofthefollwingistheBritish oldestdailynewspaper?A.TheTelegraphB.TheNewsoftheWorldC.TheGuardianD.TheTimes14.WhichofthefollwoingisN0T consideredacharacteristicofLondon?A.TheculturalcentreB.ThebusinesscentreC.ThefinancialcentreD.Thesportscentre15.Whichofthefollowingstatements abouttheBritisParliamentiSNoTtrue?A.Parliamenthasnopowertochange 一83—thetermsoftheConstitutionB.Therearenolegalrestrainsupon ParliamentC.Parliamenthasthesupremepowerof passinglawsD.strictlyspeaking,theQueenispartof theParliament16.WhichofthefollowingcitiesisthecapitalofScotland?A.EdinburghB.GlasgowC.CardiffD.Manchester17.WhydidtheEnglishgovemment encouragepeoplefromScotlandandNorthem EnglandtoemigratetotheNorthofIrelandin the17thcentury?A.Theywanttoincreaseitscontrolover IrelandB.Theyhadtoomanypeopleanddidnot haveenoughspaceforthemC.Theyintendedtoexpandtheir investmentD.TheYbelievedthatIrelandWasthe bestplaceforthem18.Whichofthefollowingtwocountries areaheadofBritaininaerospaceindustry?A.TheU.S.andRussiaB.TheU.S.andGermanyC.FranceandRussiaD.GermanyandRussia19.WhichofthefollowingbooksiswrittenbyGeoffreyChaucer?A.BeowulfB.TheUsterCycleC.More tD’ArthurD.TheCanterburyTales20.Ⅵichofthefollowingistrulyasport oftheroyalfamily?A.CricketB.HorseracingC.GolfingD.Skiing1I.Theretitlealtogether15blanksinthe一84一followingsentences.Fillintheblanksandand writeyouransweratthecorrespondingplaces ontheANSWERSHEET.(30points) Britainconsistsof(21)——nations, including(22)——,(23)——,and(24) InBritain.theofficialheadofstateiS (25)——whiletherealcentreofpolitical lifeisin(26).Normally.aBritishgovemmentcanbein powerfor(27)——years,andthenishasto resighandholdageneralelection.In1979,theConservativePartyunder (28)——cameintopowerandcarriedouta programmeofprivatization.Since1945.theUKeconomyhas experienced(29)——declineratherthan (30)——decline. Sincethediscoveryofoilandgasunderthe(31)——,Britainvhasgainedastrong positionintheoffshoreoilindustry. InBritain,parentscanchoosebetween sendingtheirchildrento(32)——schoolsor (33)——schools. Parentsfromwealthiermiddleclassin Britainprefertosendtheirchildrento(34) schoolsS0astohavebetter(35)——●Ⅲ.Theretitle10questionsinthispart. Answereachofthe sentenceandwrite correspondingplaceSHEET.(20points)36.WhatarecountriesoftheUK? questionsinonefull youranswerattheontheANSWER thefourconstituent37.Whichpartofthegovernmentinthe UKhasthepowertochangethetermsofthe Constitution?38.WhatarethetwobroadstylisticperiodsfortheBritishliteratureinthe20th century?39.Whichholidayisthebiggestandbest lovedBritishholiday?40.WhatdoesthenicknameOxbridge standfor?41.Whichtwoareasoftheworldhave suppliedthemajorityofBritishrecent immigrants?42.Whodecideonthegeneraldirection ofBritain’Sforeignpolicy?43.WhandidBritainiointheEuropean EconomicCommunity?44.WhichisthelargestcityinScotland?45.WhendopeopleinNorthernIreland CelebrateSt.PatrickDay?IV.Explaineachofthefollowing6outof8innomolethanfivesentences.Write youranswerattheappropriateplaceonthe -ANSWERSHEET.(3opoints)46.MargaretThatcher47.theBillofRightsof168948.theLabourPartyofBritain49.theBrontesisters50.theRoyalAscotprehensiveschoolsintheUK52.theAnglo—Saxons53.WilliamShakespeare参考答案I.Thereale20questionsinthispart. Eachquestioninfollowedbyfourchoices markedA-B-CandD.Chooesthecorrectansewertoeachofthequestionsandwrite youransweratthecorrespondingplaceonthe ANSWERSHEET.1.D2.A3.D4.D5.A6.B7.C8.B9.C1O.C11.C12.C13.D14.D15.A16.A17.A18.A19.D20.BⅡ.Therearealtogether15blandsinthe followingsentences.Fillintheblandsand writeyouransweratthecorrespondingplaces ontheANSWERSHEEI’.21.four22.Scotland23.walas24.NorthernIreland25.Queenfive26.theHouseofCommonsMargaret27.five28.Thatcher29.areative30.anabsolute31.NorthSea32.State33.Private34.privatecationllI.Thereare10questionsinthispart. AnswereachofthequestionsinonefIIllsentenceandwriteyouransweratthe correspondingplaceontheANSWER SHEEI’.36.Thefourconstituentcountriesofthe UK.TheyareEngland,Scotland,Wra1asand NorthernIreland.37.Parliamenthasthepowertochange thetermsoftheConstitution.38.Thetwobroadstylisticperiodsare ModernismandPostmodernism.39.Christmasisthebiggestandbest lovedBritishholiday.40.OxbridgestandsforOxford UniversityandCambridgeUniversity. 41.Thetwoare~1sareSouthAsiaand Caribbeancountries.42.ThePrimeMinisterandCabinet decideonthegeneraldirectionofBritain’S foreighpolicy.43.BritainjointheEurpeanEconomic Communityin1972.44.G1asgowisthelargestcityin一85—Scotland.45.PeopleinNorthernIrelandcelebrateSt.Patrick’sDayonMarch17.VI.Explaineachofthefollowing6outof8innomorethanfivesentences.Write youranswerattheappropriateplaceonthe ANSWERSHEI.46.MargaretThatchercalTleintopower asBritishfirstwomanPrimeMinisterin1979 whenherConservativepartywonthegeneral election.Sheadvocatedtheideaofsmal1 governmentandfree—marketeconomics. DuringhertermasthePrimeMinister,she carriedoutpoliciestoprivatizethenationalized industryandcuttaxrates.Asaresult,many businessesboomedbutemploymentrate increased.ShewaslaterreplacedbyJohn Majorin1990.47.In1688,KingJamesII’sdaughterMaryandherhusbandWilliamwereinvited bythepoliticiansandchurchauthoritiesto takethethrone,onconditionthattheywould respecttherightsofParliament.Afterthis GloriousRevolution,theBillofRightswas passedin1689toensurethattheKingnever beabletoignoreParliament.48.TheLaboutrPartyinoneofthetwo biggestpartiesintheUK.itisalsothenewest party,createdbythetradeunionmovementat theendofthe19thcentury.Itisasocialist party,believingthatasocietyshouldbe relativelyequalineconomicterms,andthat thegovernmentshouldredistributethewealth betweentherichandthepoor.Italsothinks thatthegovernmentshouldprovidearangeof publicservicesforallthepeople.49.TheBrontesistersarethedaughters一86一oftheviearofavillagechurchinY orkshireof England.Thoughtheywerepoor,theywereeducatedandrespectable.Theyalldiedyoung, butwererememberedlongaftertheirdeath fortheircontributiontoEnglish1iterature. Charlottewaswel1一knownforJaneEyreand EmilywasnotedforherWutheringHeights. Theyhadtousemalepseudonymsinorderto gettheirbookspublished.50.TheRoyalAscotisthebiggestsocial eventassociatedwithhorseracingintheUK. Peopledressupandgotoshowofftheir? fashionablechothesaswel1towatchtheraces. andplacetheirbets.Womenespeciallywear veryelaborateandexotichats.Thiseventgets muchattentionfromthemediaandthe public.prehensiveschoolsarethemost popularsecondaryschoolsinBritaintoday. Suchschoolsadmitchildrenwithoutreference totheiracademicabilitiesandprovideageneral education.Pupilscanstudyeverythingfrom academicsubjectslikeliteraturetomore practicalsubjectslikecooking.52.TheAnglo—Saxonsweretwogroups ofGermanicpeopleswhosettleddownin Englandfromthe5thcentury.Theywere regardedastheansestorsoftheEnglishand thefoundersofEngland.53.WiIliamShakespearewasanEnglish dramatistandpoetintheElizabethanage.He? isgenerallyregardesasthegreatestplaywright inEnglishliterature.Hisplaysfallintothree categories:tragediessuchasHamlet,comedies suchasMerchantofV eniceandhistorical playsLikeCharlesII.。

《英语国家概况》期末复习题(含答案)

英语国家概况》期末复习题（含答案）（第I卷客观题共45 分）I.选择题（共30 分; 每题 1 分）U.K.1. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ___ . DA. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude2. The policies of the Conservative Party in Great Britain are characterized by pragmatism and .DA. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism3. Oxford University is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.4. Cabinet members are chosen by __ in Britain. BA. the monarchB. the Prime MinisterC. the ArchbishopD. the Lord Chancellor5. English belongs to the Germanic group of Indo-European family of languages.6. The Severn River is the longest river in Britain.7. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ___ . AA. Trooping the ColorB. Queen 's Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime8. Among Britain q'uasl ity press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “BigT hree withthe exception of TheObserver.9. In 2012, Britain had a population of about 63 million.10. The two main islands of the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland.11. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher once said that, “ Britain and the USnittaetde s willstand side by side ”.12. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it __ . AA. set up the National Health ServicesB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development13. Margaret Thatcher go'v s ernment introduced the biggest changes in British economic policysince World War II.14. Charles Dickens is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19 th century.15. The three principle features of the climate of Britain are the following EXCEPT ___ . CA. the frequent fog in winterB. the large number of rainy daysC. extreme coldness even in summerD. changeability all the year round16. Samuel Johnson 'dsic tionary was influential in establishing a standard form of spelling inEnglish.17. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of Latin and Greek wordsto English.18. _ was not among the four self-governing dominions in the British Empire. CA. AustraliaB. CanadaC. IndiaD. the Union of South Africa19. Of the following sectors in Britain, service industry has experienced spectacular growthC. RepresentativeD. Senatorsince the end of World War II.20. Cambridge has more Nobel Prize winners than any other institution in Britain. 21. Writers of _____ literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than withreason and intellect. C A. Renaissance B. Neo-ClassicalC. RomanticD. Victorian22. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of ___ . CA. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster23. Tourists from all over the world come to enjoy the beauty of Scottish scenery, to drink Scotchwhisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts .24. The ___ marked the establishment of feudalism in England. C A. Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C. Norman ConquestD. adoption of common law25. Commonwealth Day is an annual event celebrated on the second Monday in March each year. 26. Such big cities as Glasgow, Manchester, Sheffield and Newcastle are famous for the __ .DA. oil industryB. car industryC. shipping companiesD. coalfields27. During the 15 th and 16 th centuries an intellectual movement known as ____ swept Europe.___ was the greatest playwright of the world produced in this period in England. D A. Romance, Geoffrey Chaucer B. Christianity, George Bernard Shaw C. Italian literary influence, SonnetD. Renaissance, Shakespeare28. Aestheticism is the belief that artists have no obligation other than to strive for beauty--- “art forart 's sake ”. The most important representative of Aestheticism is _________ . B A. Thomas Hardy B. Oscar Wilde D. William Butler Yeats29. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII 'effso rt todivorce his wife .U.S.31. The U.S. lies in central North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlanticto its east and the Pacific to its west .32. “No taxation without representation w ”as the rallying slogan before the War of Independence . 33. The Constitution of the United States tries to give each branch enough power to balance theothers .34. The following except the right to get into people 's house a b re y g p u o a li r c a e nteed inthe Billof Rights.35. Of the following persons, the ____ can NOT make legislative proposal in the U.S. A A. Secretary of StateC. Virginia Woolf30. ___ is viewed as Romantic poetry A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud C. “ Preface to Lyrical Ballads 's “ Declaration ofIndepCendence ” B. Don Juan D. Prometheus UnboundB. President36. Of the following subjects, politics and business education are NOT offered to elementary school students inthe U.S.37. Abraham Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation to grant freedom to all the slaves in the U.S.38. The terms for a Senator and a Representative in the U.S. are six and two years respectively.39. The National Day of the United States falls on July 4th.40. Washington Irving is regarded as “the father of American literature ”.41. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of Harvard University.42. The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in Lexington.43. The symbol of the Democratic Party is a/an donkey, and a/an elephant represents the Republican Party.44. The eastern part of the United States consists of the highlands formed by the AppalachianRange and the western part consists of high plateaus and the Rocky Mountains.45. Alaska is the largest state in the whole United States and Texas is the largest state in the part of the U.S. thatis on the mainland.46. In the United States, the Bill of Rights guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights andfreedoms.47. The modern American economy progressed from ___ to ___ , and eventually, to ___ . BA. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyC. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy48. The Supreme Court in the United States is composed of nine justices.49. The characteristic of dominant American culture is ___ . BA. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classB. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classD. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-class50. The following inventions took place during the “ secondi ndustrial revolution e”xc ept refrigerator.51. Of the following, __ is NOT a characteristic of Mark Twain 'Cs works.A. a realistic viewB. a sense of humorC. an idealistic viewD. colloquial speech52. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at Jamestown in Virginia.53. America produces a major p ortion of the world 's products in the following fields e o x il c. ept54. F. Scott Fitzgerald 's finest novel is _____ , and its theme is about D _ .A. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfB. TenderistheNight , loveC. TheBeautifulandtheDamned , the evil of human natureD. TheGreatGatsby, the American Dream55. Of the following books, ___ is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway. CA. A Farewell to ArmsB. ForWhomtheBellTollsC. TheSoundandtheFuryD. The Sun Also Rises56. The policy of the United States was __ at the beginning of the two world wars. CA. appeasementB. full involvementC. neutralityD. partial involvement 57. The first people on the American continent came from ___ as early as ___ thousand yearsago. C A. Asia, 2 B. Europe, 2 C. Asia, 20 D. Europe, 2058. The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of ___ . A A. Alexander Hamilton B. Andrew Jackson C. George Washington D. Thomas Jefferson59. Of the following universities, Massachusetts Institute of Technology has NOT cultivated any American Presidents yet. 60. Of the following writers, ___ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner. A A. Alice Walker B. Ernest Hemingway C. Eugene O ' Neil D. William Faulkner 61. The following except ___ are all powers of the U.S. President. B A. appointing federal judges when vacancies occur B. making lawsC. issuing executive ordersD. vetoing any bills passed by Congress62. Since 1959, the United States has been a country of 50 states.63. Chicago is the third largest city in the United States. It serves as the main connection between the easterncoast cities and the West.64. The distribution of the population in the U.S. is rather uneven. The most densely populatedAB. southeastern D. northwesternto tackle the economic depression in the 1930s B. new dealD. “ Great Society ” policyAustralia66. As an ideal place for investments, Australia' s foreign capital mainl J y a c p o a m n e a s n f d ro mthe United States .th67. January 26th, 1788 is the date celebrated as Australia Day. 68. _ is/are mainly responsible for education in Australia. B69. The first time that Australia developed a foreign policy independent of Britain was ___ . D A. after the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia B. after World War IIC. during the Great Depression of the 1930sD. during the Pacific War in World War II70. Australia ' s economy depends largely on ______ . C A. agriculture B. manufacturing C. foreign tradeD. tourism71. The Howard government 'fosr eign policy was based on relations with four key countries, namely in Australia.BA. the U.S., Japan, Britain, ChinaB. the U.S., Japan, China, IndonesiaC. the U.S., Japan, Britain, IndonesiaD. the U.S., Britain, China, Indonesia 72. Australian system of teaching and school discipline put emphasis on the following exceptregion is the ___ part of the country. A. northeastern C. southwestern 65. President Roosevelt, in his attemptintroduced his famous ___ . B A. neutrality policy C. new monetarist policiesA. Federal government C. Territory assembliesB. State governments D. Municipal government__ . CA. learning by discovery and questioningB. self-disciplineC. outward disciplineD. encouraging student ' s interest in learning73. Canberra is Australia 's capital.74. In 2013, the population of Australia was about ___ million. AA. 22.9B. 33.9C. 40.9D. 5075. _ is renowned for its unique plant and animal species. It is estimated that there arearound 20,000 to 25,000 different plants native to the land. AA. AustraliaB. CanadaC. The United KingdomD. The United States76. Most anthropologists believe that the Aborigines in Australia migrated from ________ at least50,000 years ago. CA. east AsiaB. south AsiaC. southeast AsiaD. North Asia77. The Commonwealth of Australia was established in ___ . DA. 1847B. 1885C. 1900D. 190178. Australia is a leading supplier of ___ to international markets. DA. agricultural productsB. hi-tech productsC. industrial productsD. mineral resourcesCanada79. The Governor General holds the highest position in the Canadian parliamentary system.80. The ___ is the largest political party in Canada. AA. Liberal PartyB. Conservative PartyC. Canadian Labor CongressD. New Democratic Party Canada is the second largest country in the world.81. Toronto is the largest city in Canada and Ottawa is the capital city.82. _ recognized Quebec as a “ distinct soAciety ” .A. The Meech Lake AccordB. The Quebec ActC. The Constitutional ActD. The British North America Act83. The influence of __ has declined gradually in Parliament in today D ' s Canada.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Canadian Labor CongressC. the Cooperative Commonwealth FederationD. the New Democratic Party84. Kim Campbell was Canada ' s first woman Prime Minister.85. In Canada, the largest religious denomination is the Roman Catholic Church.86. If applicants meet the basic requirements for an immigrant to Canada, they need to do the following except .AA. applying for citizenshipB. taking a medical examC. paying an application feeD. paying a landing fee87. The Great Lakes on the border between Canada and the U.S. are the largest group of freshwater lakes in theworld.88. The name “ Canada ” is said to have derived from the Huron word“ Kanata ”, meaningC A. ocean B. north C. villageD. ice89. In 1497, the voyage led by an Italian captain discovered the eastern shores of Canada, which was claimed as Newfoundland .90. In the early ____ , both Britain and France founded permanent settlements in Canada. C A. 1400sC. 1600s91. After the famous Seven Yearsunder ____ control. B A. Britain, FrenchC. Spain, IndianB. 1500sD. 1700s' War, ____ lost all of its colonies, and the whole Canada cameB. France, British D. India, Spanish92. With the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada was recognized as an equalpartner of Britain.II. 读图题（共 5分; 每题 1 分）III. 判断题（共 10 分; 每题 1 分） U.K.1.The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. T2. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons. T3. London is one of the three principal financial centers of the world. T4. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. F5. The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. T6. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Elizabeth I actually defended thefruit of the Religious Reformation. T7. The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. T 8. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history. F 9.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers. F10. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economicdevelopment in Britain.F11. Hamlet depicts the hero ' s struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need toavenge his father ' s muTrder.12. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period. T13. Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer Iliad . T ' s14. Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy. T15. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height in Britishliterature. FU.S.16. Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November. F17. San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland arelocated there. F18. Walt Whitman introduced great innovations to American literature, and he devised a poetic style, free verse. T19. The United States is the fifth most populous nation in the world, ranking behind China, India, Brazil and SouthAfrica. F20. During Clinton 'tesrm , the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment. T21. According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for theterrorist event on September 11, 2001. F22. The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade. F23. In the United States, certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress. T24. New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States, and it is also one of the three principaleconomic centers in the world. T25. The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation. T26. The U.S. congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the Houseof Commons and the House of Lords. F27. The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the U.S. continental territory. F28. President Roosevelt ' s New Deal had little effect in dealinigth w the economic crisis in theearly 1930s. F29. Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin are two sources of American literary spirit. T30. The Democratic Party of the U.S. is conservative in terms of its ideology. F Australia31. The Australian Constitution can be changed either by government ' s will or by referendum.F32. Australia Day is on January 26th. T33. Since Australia has a vast cultivable area, it has become the world 'lesa ding exporter of agricultural products.F34. In World War I, all members of the Australian armed forces who served overseas were volunteers. T35. For Australian citizens over the age of 16, it is compulsory to vote at election time. FCanada36. Canada is the third largest country in the world in terms of territory. F37. Multilingualism and multiculturalism are characteristics of Canadian culture. T38. Laval University is the largest institution in Canada, while University of Toronto is the oldest one. F39. Quebec separated from Canada and established a French-speaking nation in the 1960s. F40. The Canadian government is responsible to the King or Queen of Britain. F1. D2. B3. A4. C5. E6. FGroup Three:British Literary PeriodsA. The Modern PeriodB. The Victorian PeriodC. The RenaissanceD. The Middle English PeriodE. The Romantic PeriodF. The Neo-Classical Period1. D2. C3. F4. E5. B6. A )II. 配对题（共20分; 每题 2 分）试卷上会出 2 组，每组 5 题。

整理英语国家概况期末考试题型及复习要点

整理英语国家概况期末考试题型及复习要点英语国家概况期末考试题型及复习要点I.Fill in the blanks. (20 points, 1 point for each)II.Multiple choice questions. (20 points, 1 point for each)III.True or False. (10 points, 1 point for each)IV.Explain the following terms: (25 points, 5 points for each) V.Answer the questions. (25 points, 5 points for each)填空、选择和判断正误部分：关注所学英美国家内容中的重点史实和重要知识要点。

名词解释部分：1.British CommonwealthAlso known as the Commonwealth of Nations.a)It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.b)It was established in 1931, replacing the former British Empire.c)Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements.d)Today there are about 50 member countries within the Commonwealth2. Lake PoetsThe Lake Poets are a group of English poets who all lived in the Lake District of England and were inspired by it to create romantic works at the turn of the 19th century. The three poets of the Lakes School were William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey.3.Black DeathIt was a disease or plague spread by rat fleas in 14th century .It spread through Europe in the middle of 14th centuryand reached England in the summer of 1348.Many people died and the population of England shrank .It caused labor shortage and other social problems .4.Julius CaesarGaius Julius Caesar (100 BC –44 BC) was a Roman general, historian and statesman. He invaded Britain (55BC), crushed the army of his political enemy Pompey (48BC), pursued other enemies to Egypt, where he installed Cleopatra as queen (47BC), returned to Rome, and was given a mandate by the people to rule as dictator until he was murdered (44BC).5.King ArthurA Romano-Briton warrior, between AD 400 and AD 600, King Arthur was a legendary British leaderof the late 5th and early 6th centuries, who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Romano-Celtic Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians.6.Margaret ThatcherShe was the first woman Prime Minister in British history. She had her administration for two terms (1979-1990). She gained her reputation as the "iron lady" for her tight control of Brita in’s monetary policy. Mrs. Thatcher really gained prosperity of Britain in 1980s. Under ten years of her ministry, Britain was beginning to come to terms with the loss of much of its heavy industry and the increasing reliance of finance, communications, oil, insurance, tourism, accounting and other service industries.7.Elizabeth IElizabeth I (1533 –1603) was Queen regnant of England andIreland from 1558 until her death.Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.Despite her own Protestant background ,she succeeded in putting to rest the religious issue .Furthermore, her government was effective in reducing the power of the old nobility ,expanding the power of her government ,and effecting common law and administration throughout England .Outside of England ,the English reached farther than before through trade and adventure .The Elizabethan Era also witnessed the English Renaissance ,the cultural and artistic movement that was associated with the pan-European Renaissance originating in northern Italy in the 14th century.8.Grammar SchoolA grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in theUnited Kingdom and some other English-speaking countries. Originally meant to educate the young in Latin grammar and that of another European language .These schools in modern UK are intended to teach a highly academic curriculum and teach students to deal with abstract concepts.9.The American RevolutionAlso known as the War of Independence or Revolutionary Way, it began in 1775 and concluded in 1783.It ended two centuries of British rule for most of the North American colonies and created the United States of America.10.The Great LakesThese are the most important lakes in America, extending about 1600 kilometers and forming a section of the boundarybetween the United States and Canada. The Great Lakes include Lake Michigan, Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.11.Cold Wara)In the post war period the difference between Russia and the US increased and led to a new kind ofwar, a war, without fighting, which was called the Cold War.b)The Cold War was marked by international tension and hostility arousing from various military,diplomatic, social, propagandistic, and economic pressures employed by one side against the other to gain advantage economically in terms of security, or in terms of world opinion.c)The Cold War was ended with the dissolution of the USSR in 1991.12.Electoral CollegeThe Electoral College consists of the popularly elected representatives (electors) who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States. The electors are directed by the Constitution to vote in their respective states, and Congress is authorized to count their votes. To win, a presidential candidate must have a majority in the Electoral College.13.Watergate ScandalThe Watergate scandal was a political scandal during the 1970s in the United States resulting from the break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington, D.C. Effects of the scandal eventually led to the resignation of the President of the United States, Richard Nixon, on August 9, 1974, the only resignation of any U.S. President. It also resulted in the indictment, trial, conviction and incarceration of several Nixon administrationofficials. 14.New DealThe New Deal is a term for the domestic reform programme of the administration of FranklinD.Roosevelt .The New Deal is generally considered to have consisted of two phases. The first phase(1933-1934) attempted to provide recovery and relief from the Great Depression through programmes of agricultural and business regulation, inflation and price stabilization. The second phase of the New Deal (1935-1941), while continuing with relief and recovery measures, provided for social and economic legislation to benefit the mass of working people.15.Great SocietyThe Great Society was a set of domestic programs proposed or enacted in the United States onthe initiative of President Lyndon B. Johnson. Two main goals of the Great Society social reforms were the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. New major spending programs that addressed education, medical care, urban problems, and transportation were launched during this period. The Great Society in scope and sweep resembled the New Deal domestic agenda of Franklin D. Roosevelt, but differed sharply in types of programs enacted.简答题部分：1.What is the United Kingdom geographically and politically composed of?It is a union made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland .Wales, and Northern Ireland, plus several overseas territories.2.How did the English Civil War breakout? What were the consequences of the war?1）Charles began to take violent action .He went to the House of Commons with several soldiers to arrest Pym and other leaders; but they had escaped to London. All London was arming to defend parliament against the King.Charles escaped to the North, hoping to find supporters in the more backward districts. Thus the Civil War began.2）Consequences: With the Civil War over and the king a prisoner in Parliament’s hands, the Presbyterians, who stood for the interests of Anglican noblemen and High Churchmen were willing to come to terms with Charles. They controlled both the House of Lords and the House of Commons.3.How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed from the mid-18th century to the mid-19thcentury and beyond? How has it impacted British society?1)The Industrial Revolution in Britain first started in its age-old wool textile industry .In themid-1750s,Britain enjoyed all conditions that would favour adoption of new devices and efficient methods of production in the industry. Within half a century, a number of key inventions came into being, greatly accelerating the speed of production .James Watt marking a high point in this development. This, in turn, propelled the cotton industry to boom during roughly the last third of the 18th century .During the same period, there were equally transformative innovations in coal, iron and steel industries.2)Industrialization resulted in the growth of large urban areas in north and central England,where huge numbers of migrant workers stood out as a single and unitary working class, which contrasted with an emerging middle (commercial) class and the age-old aristocracyclass.4.What were the distinct features of the Victorian era that made it different from other times?a)From 1837 to 1901, Queen Victoria had the longest reign in British history, presiding over, first,a kingdom and then an empire. The cultural, political, economic, industrial and scientific changesthat occurred during her reign were so remarkable that the world of 1901 bore little resemblance to that 0f 1837.b)In the political arena, the agenda was increasingly liberal with a number of shifts in thedirection of the widening of the franchise and gradual political reform.c)In social life, movements for justice, freedom and other strong moral values occupied anincreasing portion of public attention.d)The impetus of the Industrial Revolution had already occurred, but it was during the Victorianperiod that the full effects of industrialization were most felt, leading to the mass society of the 20th century.e)The Victorian era also marked the apex of the British Empire attained through constant warsand colonial consolidation worldwide.5.What are the characteristics of the British Constitution?1）Constitutional monarchy.2）Parliamentary sovereignty.3）Representative democracy.4）The rule of law.6.What are the functions of Parliament?1) To legislate;2) To vote the taxation and expenditures of the government;3) To examine government policies and administration, and to debate major political issues of the day. 7.In terms of cultural geography, what is the image of the Midwest in the American mind?In the American consciousness, the Midwest exists as one coherent region: the American heartland of family farms and small towns; perhaps naively provincial and optimistic, but largely the moral and social centre of the nation, mediating between the extreme forces of other parts of the country.8.What were the chief causes of the Great Depression?The causes of the Great Depression can be found in the unbalanced economy –both domestic and international – of the twenties : the tendency to use profits for speculation rather than for productivity;an unregulated banking system and a lack of supervision of the stock market ; declining income for the farmer ,loss of jobs through automation and inadequate wages for the industrial worker , a lack of balance in international trade patterns ; and a political philosophy that limited the role of government in reacting to the economic and social needs of most of the American people.9.What are the six related but distinct principles well located and clearly stated in the U.S.Constitution?1) Federalism;2) A vigorous executive;3) A supreme national court;4) Checks and balances;5) A limited government;6) A mixed government.10.What is Agribusiness?Agribusiness is a term coined to reflect the large-scale nature of agricultural enterprise in the modern U.S. economy .As such, agribusiness refers to the entire complex of farm-related businesses, from an individual farmer to a multinational farm products, commodity dealers, firms that manufacture farm equipment, food processors, grocery chains and many other business .In many ways, agribusiness correctly describes changes in American farms in the late 20th century.11.What are the goals and purposes of U.S. education?Purposes:1)The chief aim of education in early colonial times was literacy in order that people might beable to read and write the Bible and laws.2)The new purpose is to fulfill the obligations of citizenship.3)To facilitate the development of each individual to the maximum extent of his or her capabilityfor his or her own benefit and that of society.4)Education in America has traditionally served the purpose of bringing students together, that is,of “Americanization.”Goals:1)Education should help lessen differences in social backgrounds as well as those of ethnic or racialorigin.2)Education is viewed as a tool that should be made available to all individuals.3)Education, particularly college education, is certainly expected to provide equal opportunity forall individuals to “better themselves”and“rise in the world.”12.How many categories can American higher education system be basically divided into? What arethey?Public colleges/universities, private colleges/universities, religiously affiliated colleges, and proprietary colleges, community colleges.13.the American Civil WarThe American Civil War (1861-1865), also known as the War Between the States, was a civil war in the United States of America. Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the U.S. and formed the Confederacy .Led by Jefferson Davis, they fought against the U.S. federal government (the Union). The Union won a decisive victory. The American Civil War was the deadliest war in American history, producing more than 970000 casualties .The war ended slavery in the United States, restored the Union, and strengthened the role of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war brought changes that helped make the country a united superpower.14. Why doe U.S. higher education enjoy such a high reputation around the world?The United States has an extremely competitive and highly selective system. This advanced university system has become widely imitated internationally ,and it is also the one most sought after by foreign students .Indeed ,for a very long time ,America has led the world in higher education ,quantitatively at least .15. What was Alexander Hamilton’s plan for the development of the new Republic?Alexander Hamilton advocated a means of economic development in which the federal government would nurture infant industries through overt subsidies and protective tariffs .He also urged the federal government to create a national bank to facilitate the flow of currency for business. He believed that the United States should pursue economic growth through diversified shipping, manufacturing and banking.。

英语国家概况期末复习.doc

CanadaUnitl1 • Canada is the second largest country in the Western Hemisphere. F2.Canada is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. T3.Most of the Canadian people live close to the U.S. border on the south. T4.The highest peak in Canada is Mount Logan. T5.The St. Lawrence is the longest river in Canada. F6.Canada has more lakes and inland waters than any other country in the world. T7.Western Canada consists of the Appalachian Region and the Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Lowlands. F8.The Labrador Current brings warmer air to the southeast of Canada, but its effects are limited. F9.Toronto is the world? s largest French-speaking city outside France. F10.Few French Canadians live in Ontario and New Brunswick. F1 • Indigenous peoples, also called “Aboriginal ”，make up __ C ____ p ercent of the total population in Canada.A.1.5B.2C. 4.4D. 3.52.Canada occupies nearly all of North America north of latitude ________ C ______ north.A.40°B.45°C.49°D.50°3.There may be as many as ______ C _____ lakes in Canada.A. 1 millionB. 1.5 million C・ 2 million D. 2.5 million4.The largest lake wholly within Canada is __ B _____ .A. Lake SuperiorB. the Great BearC. the Great SlaveD. Lake Huron5.____ A ____ i s the largest river in Canada in volume of water;A. The St. LawrenceB. The MackenzieC. The YukonD. The Saskatchewan6.The largest island in Canada is _____ B ____ .A. Manitoulin IslandB. Baffin IslandC. Victoria IslandD. Newfoundland7.The following are the provinces in Canadian Interior Plains EXCEPT __ D ____ •A. AlbertaB. SaskatchewanC. ManitobaD. Quebec8.__ C ___ is the fastest-growing mother tongue in Canada.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. ChineseD. English9.__ B ___ w ere beneficiaries of the westward movement and enjoyed growth rates well above the Canadian average.A. Ontario and QuebecB. British Columbia and AlbertaC・ Saskatchewan and Manitoba D. Nunavut and Northwest Teiritories 10._____ C ______ is the first large political unit in North America with an indigenous majority.A. Northwest TerritoriesB. YukonC. NunavutD. SaskatchewanUnit21 • The fir st group of Europeans to settle in Canada in large numbers were the French. T2.Under the Quebec Act, France officially ceded New France to Britain. F3.Under the Constitution Act of 1791, the British divided Quebec into two colonies, Lower Canada and Upper Canada. T4.Reformers led by William Lyon Mackenzie were demanding an American form of government and separation from Great Britain. T5.Under the British North America Act of 1867, Canada became an independent country. F6.William Lyon Mackenzie King is Canada" s longest-serving prime ministe匚T7.In 1982 the British North America Act was replaced by a new constitution for the government of Canada. T8.Under the controversial Charter of the French Language adopted in 1977, French is the only official language in Quebec. T9.Conservative Party' s victory in the 2006 elections ended 20 years of Liberal Party rule in Canada and made Harper the country' s 22nd Prime Minister. F1.The name u Canada" is believed to be derived from “kanata笃an Indian word meaning _C ____ .A. a guitarB. a meeting placeC. a settlement D・ a piece of land2.Who was the first French to discover Canada? BA. John Cabot.B. Jacques Cartie匚C. Samuel de Champlain.D. Henry Hudson.3.Who founded the first permanent settlements at Quebec and Montreal on the St. Lawrence River? CA. John Cabot.B. Jacques Cartier.C. Samuel de Champlain.D. Henry Hudson.4.In 1774, the British passed _A _____ that guaranteed the French protection of their language and religion.A. the Quebec ActB. the Treaty of ParisC. the Constitution Act of 1791D. the Act of Union5.When was Canada given internal self-government? CA. In 1791.B. In 1840.C. In 1848.D. In 1867.6.Who was the first Prime Minister of the new Canada? AA. Sir John Macdonald.B. Sir Wilfrid Laurier.C. Robert Borden.D. Mackenzie King.7.In 1905, ___ C ___ were carved out of the Northwest Territories•A. Ontario and QuebecB. Manitoba and British ColumbiaC. Alberta and SaskatchewanD. Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island8.In 1967, ___ B ___ was approved by the Parliament of Canada as the national anthem.A. "God Save the Queen nB. "O Canada,^C ・"Advance Canada Fair” D. “God Defend Canada 959. Since when has the Canadian government followed a policy of bilingualism? AA. 1969B. 1970C. 1976D.198010. Quebec voters narrowly rejected secession from Canada in a __________ C ___ referendum.A. 1980B. 1990C.1995D. 2000Unit31. Saskatchewan is the world's largest producer of potash. F2. Ontario has the greatest developed and potential hydroelectric resources in Canada. F3. One-half of Canada" s wheat is grown in Alberta. F4. Canada is the world' s largest producer of newsprint. T5. Oil and gas production is centered mainly in Manitoba. F6. Canada is the world' s leading producer of hydroelectricity. T7. Quebec has the heaviest concentration of manufacturing in Canada, accounting for more than one-half of Canada" s total value of manufacturing shipments. F8. Mining industries now produce more than half of Canada" s exports. F9. In the services sector, Canada' s exports exceed its imports. F10. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect in 1989. F1. Which of the following is NOT Canada" s waterway? BA. The St. Lawrence.B. The Mississippi.C. The Great Lakes-D. The Mackenzie.2. Almost ___ A ____ of the land area of Canada is covered by forests.A. half B ・ one-third C. two-thirds D. three-quarters3. British Columbia ranks ______ A _____ in the productivity of forests in Canada.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth4. Most of the Canada' s farmland is located in ___ B ___ .A. the Atlantic ProvincesB. the Prairie ProvincesC. QuebecD. Ontario5. The following types of fish have been the most important exports from the Atlantic coast EXCEPT _____________________ D _____ .A. codB. crabC. lobsterD. salmon6. Much of pre-Confederation history revolves around the competition between theFrench and British for control of the profitable___ C ____ .9. Canada has just 0.6% of the world' s population, but accounts for ______ A __ of total exports in world trade. B. farmlandsC ・ fur trade D. tobacco plantation7. Canada is the world ，s largest DA. uraniumB. zincC ・ potash8. Canada is the world' s D exporter of the following EXCEPT D. nickel —largest exporter of oil.C. sixthD. tenthA. mining industry A.secondB. fourthA.4%B. 5%C. 6%D. 7%10.Canada" s largest trading partner is ___ B ____ .A.Great BritainB. the United StatesC. JapanD. GermanyUint41.In Canada temtories have more autonomy from the federal government than provinces do. F2.Since the British North America Act laid the foundation of Confederation, it formed the entire Canadian Constitution. F3.In Canada the central government exercises all powers not specifically assigned to the provinces. T4.The Canadian Parliament consists of the British monarch, the House of Representatives and the Senate. F5.The executive head of government in Canada is the Prime Minister. T6.The members of the Senate are appointed, normally by the Governor General but in effect by the Prime Ministe匚T7.The House of Commons in Canada is the key legislative branch, where most important bills are introduced. T8.In Canada, members of the House of Commons are not directly elected by the voters. F9.The legal system in Canada is based on English common law and there is no exception. F10.The dominant national political parties in Canada during the 20th century have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. F1.Canada is a federation of _________ C ______ provinces and _______________ territories.A.six / twoB. eight / fourC. ten / threeD. twelve / four2.________ C _________ c ut the last legal tie between Canada and Britain and transferred the constitutional amending power from the British government to Canada.A. The BNA ActB. The Meech Lake AccordC. The Constitution of 1982D. The referendum in 19953.The constitution of 1982 gathered the previous constitutional acts into a single framework and added the _____ A __________ •A. Charter of Rights and FreedomsB. Statute of WestminsterC・ Canada Act D. Constitution Act4.Canada is divided into __________ B _______ districts, called “ridings，，or "constituencies^.A. 105B. 308C. 650D. 1005.There are _____ A _______ S enators in Canadian Parliament.A. 105B. 308C. 650D. 1006.Quebec has a _____ B _____ system based on the _____________ law system.A. criminal-law / FrenchC. criminal-law / British7.In Canada, general elections must B. civil-law / French D. civil-law / Britishbe held at least once every __________________________________ D ________ .A.two yearsB. three yearsC. four yearsD. five years& The third party with a tradition of national support is ______ B ________ .A. the Democratic PartyB. the New Democratic PartyC. the Labour PartyD. the Socialist Party9.In 2003, the Progressive Conservatives and the ____ B _______ merged to form a new party known as the Conservative Party.A. the New Democratic PartyB. Canadian AllianceC. Reform PartyD. Liberal Party10.Canada' s system of political parties is characterized by the followingEXCEPT _____ D _______ .A. two major partiesB. one-party ruleC.division between federal and provincial party systemD.two-and-a-half party systemUint51.Canada is officially bilingual, and all services provided by the federal government are available in English and French. T2.Cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity. T3.Religion has been an important influence in Canada' s history since the earliest efforts of missionaries to Christianize the native people. Tcation systems in Canada derive from British, American, and particularly in the province of Quebec, French traditions. T5.Although lacrosse is Canada T s first national game, today hockey is its most popular sport. T6.It is more appropriate to speak of Canadian cultures rather than a single national culture. T7.Canada Day commemorates the birthday of Queen Victoria. F1.In _C ___ , the Canadian government adopted a policy of multiculturalism.A. 1969B. 1970C. 1971D. 19722.As far as Canadian education is concerned, each province has its own system because ___ B _____ .cation is very important to Canadianscation is a provincial responsibilityC.most Canadians live in towns and citiesD.most Canadians speak English3.According to _C __ ，Canada' s health system should provide health services to all people regardless of income.A.Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services ActB.Medical Care ActC.Canada Health ActD.Canada Health and Social Transfer program4._A _____ was the first private non-denominational university to receive a charterA.McGill UniversityB. Universite du QuebecC. University of TorontoD. University of British Columbia5.The federal Department of Environment was established in _C ____ •A. 1969B. 1970C.1971D.19726.The Official Languages Act, which stated that both French and English were to be official languages throughout Canada, was passed in __ A ____ .A. 1969B. 1970C. 1971D. 19727.Charter of the French Language, which stated that only French was the official language in Quebec, was passed in ___ C __ •A. 1975B. 1976C. 1977D. 19788.July 1, which was known as "Dominion Day” , became "Canada Day” in___ c ____ .A. 1867B. 1879C. 1982D. 19859.In Canada, Thanksgiving Day was celebrated on ___ B ____ .A. the first Monday in October B・ the second Monday in OctoberC. the fourth Thursday in NovemberD. the final Thursday in NovemberAustralianUnitl1.Australia is sometimes called “the Land Down Under" because it lies south of the equat o 匚T2.Australia is the only continent occupied entirely by a single nation. T3.Australia" s southern coasts are washed by the Coral Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Timor Sea・ F4.Although Australia is a small continent, it is a large country: only Russia, Canada and China have larger areas. F5.The Eastern Highlands tend to be low and broad in the north and get higher in the south ・ Tke Eyre, Australia" s largest lake, is known as a part-time lake, because most of the time it has no water at all. T7.Australia is hot and dry, because it lies in the Southern Hemisphere. F& New South Wales is called “the premier state5; because it has the largest population. F 9.Though the smallest state, Victoria has an importance in the country' s economy far greater than its size might indicate. F10.The northern area of Western Australia is called the Red Center of Australia. F1.With regard to its size, Australia is ____ D _______ country in the world.A. the third largestB. the fourth largestC. the fifth largestD. the sixth largest2.Most Australians live on the cool, wet, forested ________ A ______ .A. southeast coastlandB. southwest coastlandC. northeast coastlandD. northwest coastland3.Australia is politically divided into ____ D ________ states and ______________territories.A.four / threeB. five / twoC. six / threeD. six / two4.The only city on the western coast which has a population of more than one million is ______ B _____ .A. DarwinB. PerthC. the Gold CoastD. Brisbane5.Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, is internationally known for its_____ D _________ ・A. wineB. beautiful sceneryC. valuable mineralsD. arts festival6.Tasmania is an island which lies _B __ o f the Australian mainland.A. north of the northeastern cornerB. south of the southeastern comerC. east of the northeastern cornerD. west of the southeastern corner7._______ A _______ forms the essence of the Australian Outback.A. The Northern TemtoryB. Western AustraliaC・ South Australia D・ Queensland8.The coral of the Great Barrier Reef fringes the coastline of ________ C ______ for more than 2,000 kilometres.A. South AustraliaB. Western AustraliaC. QueenslandD. Tasmania9.Torres Strait Islanders come from ______ C _______ .A. mainland AustraliaB. TasmaniaC.the islands between the tip of Queensland and Papua New GuineaD.the coral islands of the Great Barrier Reef10.Australian aborigines held a traditional belief that the land they lived on was created during the _______ C ____ .A. Golden AgeB. Genesis C・ Dream time D. Five SunsUnit21.The history of Australia began with the arrival of the first permanent European settlersin 1788. F2.The first Australians were the Aborigines who migrated from Southeast Asia at least 50,000 years ago. T3.Although James Cook, a British explorer, has often been called the discoverer of Australia, European explorers were not the first outsiders to visit Australia. T4.The first European settlement by British convicts occurred in 1788 at Botany Bay in southeastern Australia. F5.The first major discoveries of gold were made in New South Wales and Victoria in the early 1860s. F6.The Federation of the six original Australian states took place in 1901 and the first Prime Minister was Henry Parkes. F7.After the Pacific war between Japan and the United States broke out in 1941 and Britain was unable to provide sufficient support for Australia" s defense, the new Labour government decided to seek alliance with the United States. T& In 1972, the Labor Party won office in the federal election and Gough Whitlam became the first Labor Prime Minister in 23 years. T9. Gough Whitlam was dismissed by the Governor-General in November 1975 because the Labor Party lost in the general election. F1.Aboriginal culture was totally disrupted by ______ A ________ .A.the European settlement of Australia from 1788 onwardsB.the wars among different Aboriginal tribesC.bush fires, floods and droughtsD.the development of science and technology2.Apart from massacres, large numbers of Aborigines also died of____ c _______ .A.the European way of livingB.the firearms of the white settlersC.the diseases introduced into Australia by the white settlersD.the wars among different Aboriginal tribes3.It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia" s shores were____ D ________ .A. the DutchB. the English C・ the Germans D. the Spanish and Portuguese4.In 178& Australia was settled by the British as a colony founded___ c _____A. to receive free settlersB. to supply Britain with wool and foodC. to receive convicts from Britain D・ to expand Britain" s imperialpower5.Australia' s national day, Australia Day, is on ________ C _________ ・A. 1 JanuaryB.18 JanuaryC. 26 JanuaryD. 31 January6.___ A ____ became the financial and commercial centre of Australia during the Gold Rush and attracted British investment and dominated rural exports.A. Melbourne B・ Sydney C. Canberra D. Brisbane7.Which of the following is NOT true about Australian federation of 1901? BA.Australia became an independent country・B.Australia had its own head of state.C.After federation Australia still relied on Britain for trade and investment.D.Britain conducted diplomacy and made war on behalf of Australia.8.In the 1950s, Australia stressed the importance of developing a close association with the United States through _________ B _________ .A. the ANZACB. the ANZUSC. the ANZGD. the ANA9.Whitlam proposed reforms concerned with the following issues EXCEPT________ D _________ .A. foreign relationsB. race relationsC・ women' s rights D. establishing a republic10.In __ B ___ ，the question of becoming a republic was put to a referendum.A. 1998B. 1999C. 2000D. 2001Unit31. Wool, and later gold, launched the Australian colonies on a path of rapid economic growth. T2. Despite industrialization from the mid-19th century, the Australian economy has remained specialized and heavily dependent on the export of farming and mineral products. T3. Despite the problems of long-distance transport to unreliable markets, Australia is a major exporter of wool, wheat, meat, sugar, dairy products, fruits, cotton and rice. T4. Agriculture generates only 10%—15% of Australia" s export earnings and is thus not very important to the country' s economy. F5. Mining has been central to the Australian economy since the 19th century, as both a catalyst to national development and a major source of export income. T6. In Australia, as elsewhere in the world, tourism is a rapidly expanding industry. T7. The main feature of Australians trade is the exchange of raw materials for finished products. T8. Since the end of World War II there have been great changes in Australians trading patterns and international economic relations. T9. A significant reorientation of trade towards Asia and the Pacific is now taking place in Australia. T1 .Australia is the world' s largest exporter of ___ B __ ・A. wheatB. woolC. meatD. dairy products2. ___ A ____ i s the country' s leading grain crop and is grown in every state.A. WheatB. SugarC. CornD. Rice3. Official estimates suggested that a total of ___ C __ of Australia" s land area was native forest.4. The Australian Fishing Zone ranks the __ A. first B. second C. third5. Manufacturing now contributes about —CA. one-third B ・ one-sixth9. Australia' s telecommunications and IT market is the _D _____ largest in the world.A. thirdB. sixthC. eighthD. tenth10. Today, Australia" s largest trading partner is —C ___ ・A. one-thirdB. one-fourthC. one-fifthD. one-sixth C __ in size in the world. D. fourth___ to Australia J s GDP.C. one-eighthD. one-tenth6. Australia boasts the world s largest known recoverable resources of the following EXCEPT _D 「.A. lead7. __ B __ traditionally production. A. South Australia C ・ Queensland & Australia ranks the___ A. first B. uranium has A_ B.second C. silver D. gold the largest share by value of total national mineral B. Western Australia D. Northern Territory in diamond production in the world. C. third D. fourthA. JapanB. the United StatesC. China D・ the United KingdomUnit41.Australia has a federal system of government which consists of a federal government and six state governments each exercising its allotted powers independently of the other. T2.Australia is not independent because it still has constitutional links with Britain. F3.The basic structure of Australian government is based on both the British and American models. T4.The Australian Constitution is entirely founded on a written document. F5.In the Australian Federal Parliament, the two Houses have exactly equal powers. F6.Although the National Party has never won a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, it has the ability to hold a balance of power in the Federal Parliament. T7.The High Court is the most superior in the Australian legal system. T1.The following powers are given to the state governments EXCEPT ____ D __ .cationB. transportC. health servicesD. defense2.In Australia, each state has __ D ___ S enators.A.2B. 6C. 8D. 123.Which state has only one chamber in the State Parliament? CA. New South WalesB. VictoriaC. QueenslandD. Western Australia4.Party politics in Australia started in 1910 when _D ___ •A.the Australian Labor Party was formedB.the Liberal Party was formedC.Australians began to vote in the federal electionsD.Australian voters began to choose between Labor and Liberal5.Australia" s oldest surviving political party is __ C ___ •A. the Liberal PartyB. the Country PartyC. the Australian Labor PartyD. the Australian Democrats6.In Australian politics, the Liberal Party has been in coalition with ______ B _____ since 1923.A. the Australian Labor PartyB. the National PartyC. the Australian DemocratsD. the Progress Party7.The task of interpreting the Constitution belongs to _ C ___ .A. the Federal CourtB. the Supreme CourtC. the High CourtD. the Family CourtUnit51.Under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to speak their own language and maintain their own customs. T2.When the Australian colonies joined together as a Commonwealth in 1901, the“ White Australia policy ” was a cornerstone of the new nation' s policies. T3.In Australia there have been several debates on immigration and multiculturalism inrecent years, and such debates are unlikely to happen again in the future. F4.Only recently have Australians begun to realize that migrants from non-Anglo・Australian backgrounds also have their own cultural and intellectual life, their own traditions and customs which need to be respected. T5.As people with different traditions and customs interact with each other, a peculiar blend of different cultures will be emerging in Australia. T6.In Australia, the preparatory year in education is compulsory and universal. F7.The Alice Springs School of the Air is a secondary correspondence school that utilizes various communications technologies to have daily contact with students, home tutors and teachers. F8.Herald Sun. published in Melbourne, has the largest circulation among Sunday papers. F9.The No.l watched sport in Australia is soccer. F1.Under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to do the following EXCEPT________ D _______ .A.to speak their own languageB. to keep their own lifestylesC. to maintain their own customsD. to make their own laws2.The following are the main reasons why the White Australia policy was officially abandoned in 1973 EXCEPT ___ D—・A.in most years after 1945 Australia was unable to recruit enough migrants from European countriesB.humanitarian concerns have made Australia accept many refugees from Asian countriesC.Australia must change its image so that it can live in harmony with the peoples of Asian countries are more prosperous than Australia3.The effective end of the White Australia policy is usually dated to _D ___ .A. 1966B. 1970C. 1972D. 19734.The first official national multicultural policy was implemented by the _B ______ Government.A. WhitlamB. FraserC. HawkeD. Keating5.In Australia, school education is compulsory until age __ C ___ .A. 12B. 14C. 15D. 186.The best known example of audio teaching in Australia is _d __ .A. the Radio SchoolB. the Net SchoolC. the Flying SchoolD. the School of the Air7.Among Sunday papers, —A ____ is the most widely circulated.A. Sun TelegraphB. Sunday SunC. Herald SunD. Sunday Mail8.ANZAC Day on _C ____ is a holiday which memorializes in particular the troops who were slaughtered at Gallipoli in World War I.A. April 20B. April 22C. April 25D. April 269.The oldest international arts festival in Australia was held in _C ____ .A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. PerthD. CanberraNew ZealandUnitl1.New Zealand is situated in the Northern Pacific Ocean, halfway between the Equator and the North Pole. F2.New Zealand is made up of two large islands: the North Island and the South Island, and numerous smaller islands. T3.New Zealand is the first country to get the new day because it is just east of the International Date Line. F4.The mountain range which runs almost the whole length of the South Island is called the Southern Alps. T5.The Clutha River is the longest river of New Zealand. F6.New Zealand often has earthquakes because a fault line runs the length of the country. T7.Since its climate is generally a temperate one, New Zealand s weather is not changeable. F& New Zealand is sometimes referred to as an "ultimate storehouse for discontinued zoological models： T9.About three-quarters of the population live in the South Island. F10.A large percentage of the total Maori population isconsidered fluent in Maori. F1 • New Zealand is situated about 1,600 km __ B ___ .A. northwest of AustraliaB. southeast of AustraliaC. northeast of AustraliaD. southwest of Australia2.The largest Lake in New Zealand is __ B __ •A. Lake Te AnauB. Lake TaupoC. Lake WakatipuD. Lake Wanaka3.The highest peak in New Zealand is __ B __ •A. Mount TasmanB. Mount CookC. Mount DampierD. Mount Ruapehu4.The following are the volcanic mountains in the North Island EXCEPT __ B ___ .A. RuapehuB. Mt. CookC. NgaurohoeD. Tongariro5.The most serious potential natural disasters in New Zealand are _C ____ •A. storms and earthquakesB. volcanoes and floodsC. earthquakes and volcanoesD. floods and storms6.___ B __ is the flightless bird which has become asymbol of New Zealand.A. EmuB. KiwiC. WekaD. Pukeko7.What percentage of the population of New Zealand is of European (mainly British) descent? DA. 50%.B. 67%.C. 73%.D. 80%.8.The following are the reasons for the uneven distribution of the population of New Zealand EXCEPT —A ___ .A.the concentration of mineral resources in the northB.the milder climate in the north。

英语国家概况期末考试题型及范围答案

期末考试题型及范围Part I True or False (10%) 来自整本书课后习题Part II M ultiple Choice (10%)来自整本书课后习题Part II I Reading Comprehension (30%) 课外Part IV Vocabulary (20%) 来自课本英国部分和美国部分Part V Explanations (10%) 十选二Give explanation to the following terms.1．Anglo-Saxons :They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century.They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.2. The House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and debate policy.These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them .3. The Bill of Rights of 1689In 1689,King JamesⅡ's daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne,on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament.The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.4. the Cabinet of the UKThe Cabinet consists of usually 20 most senior ministers. Ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.Ministers are responsible collectively to Parliament for all Cabinet decisions;individual Ministers are responsible to Parliament for the work of their departments.5. Constitutional MonarchyIt is a political system that has been practised in Britain since the Glorious revolution of 1688. According to this system, the Constitution is superior to the Monarch. In law, the Monarch has many supreme powers, but in practice, the real power of monarchy has been greatly reduced and today the Queen acts solely on the advice of her ministers. She reigns but does not rule. The real power lies in the Parliament, or to be exact, in the House of Commons. 6. The New DealIn order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy.7. the Civil Rights Act of 1964The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered to be the most far-reaching act on civil rights in modern times, forbidding discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender and national origin. It’s the result of a strong CivilRights Movement in the 1960s. The act added protections for the rights to vote, to use public facilities and to enjoy the same education as white people.It also contained provisions guaranteeing equal employment opportunities. 8. The US Federal systemIt is a system of government in which has two layers of rule. There is central or federal government for the nation which alone has the power to answer questions that affect the nation as a whole. There are also state and local governments. Each layer of government has separate and distinct powers laid down in the Constitution.9. Comprehensive schoolsComprehensives schools take pupils without reference to ability or aptitude and provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district.10. the Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address refers to the short speech made by President Lincoln when he dedicated the national cemetery at Gettysburg. He ended his speech with the government of the peopled, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth’Part VI Questions (20%) 八选二State your understanding of the following questions in at least 80 words for each.1.What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways.First,its industrial productivity increased dramatically.Britain became the most advanced industrial country in the world.Second,urbanization took place.Many new cities sprang up.Third,it caused great changes in the social class structure.The capitalist class became the most important force in the country and the proletariat class emerged.2.What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the post-warperiod?Britain’s economy experienced a relative decline in the post-war period for several reasons.First,Britain suffered great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the wars.Second,the era of the British Empire was over by the mid-20th century.India and other British colonies,which provided raw materials and large markets for British goods,gained independence.Third,Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of the 1960s.What’s more,Britain had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and the U.N. Security Council.Finally,Britain failed to invest in industry after World WarⅡ,whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up by investing in industry.3.What are the general features of Britain's independent schools?Britain’s independent schools require fees from students.Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system,most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get theirfunding through the private sector as well as tuition fees,with minimal government assistance. Since they are generally better funded than most state schools,they are likely to recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities.However,the high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll although graduates of independent schools are more likely to be accepted by famous universities.4.What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.5.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.6.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.7.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about theAmerican election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage is only a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And,the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.8.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America'seconomic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Besides,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.。

英语国家概况复习提纲

2011年英语国家概况复习提纲（2010级1、2、3、4班）一、考试题型1、选择题（10%）：10个小题，每题1分。

2、判断正误题（10%）：10个小题，每题1分。

3、术语翻译（英译汉10%）：10术语，每个术语1分。

4、名词解释（20%）：5个术语，每个4分。

5、简答题（30%）：6个小题，每题5分。

6、论述题（20%）：1个小题。

二、考试范围美国部分全部10章，英国部分前4章（第一至第四章）、2000年——2010年八级考试中关于英语国家概况试题。

三、考试依据教材、课件PPT、历年八级考试中关于英语国家概况试题四、考试重点1、重点翻译术语：(1) New Frontier 新边疆(2) the Civil Rights Movement 民权运动(3) the Great Society 伟大社会(4) the Counterculture Movement 反主流文化运动(5) the New Left Movement 新左派运动(6) the Anti-War Movement 反战运动(7) the Strategic Defence Initiative 战略防御措施(8) the Populist Party人民党(9) Star Wars星球大战(10) Monroe Doctrine门罗主义(11) Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义(12) the Marshall Plan 马歇尔计划(13) the Missile Crisis 导弹危机(14) the House Un-American Activities Committee 众议院非美活动调查委员会(15) WASP 白人盎格鲁—撒克逊新教徒(16) indentured servants 契约佣工(17) the Civil War 美国内战(18) the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全国有色人种协进会(19) model minority 模范少数族裔(20) Indian Reservations 印第安人保留区(21) Gold Rush淘金热(22) Supreme Court最高法院(23) the Court of Appeals 上诉法院(24) the District Court地区法庭(25) judicial review 司法复审(26) the House of Representatives 众议院(27) chief justice 首席大法官(28) associate justice 大法官(29) the Articles of Confederation 《邦联条例》(30) winner-take-all 赢者通吃/ （美国总统选举中）胜者获得所有选举人选票(31) grants-in-aid programs联邦拨款项目(32) the midterm election中期选举(33) Watergate Scandal水门事件丑闻(34) Electoral College选举人团(35) laissez faire自由放任(36) post-industrial society后工业社会(37) Sherman Antitrust Act谢尔曼反托拉斯法(38) New Deal新政(39) National Labor Relations Board全国劳工关系委员会(40) Social Security system 社会保障制度(41) Food Stamp食物劵(42) Aid to Families with Dependent Children未成年人家庭援助计划(43) original jurisdiction 初审管辖权(44) grand jury 大陪审团(45) petit jury 小陪审团(46) the Department of Justice 司法部(47) the Attorney General 司法部长/ 总检察长(48) the Solicitor General 司法部副部长/副总检察长(49) Common Law 习惯法(50) civil law 民法(51) criminal law 刑法(52) the Federal Bureau of Investigation美国联邦调查局(53) due process of law 正当法律程序(54) charter school 特许公立学校(55) school voucher 教育劵(56) associate degree 准学位(57) community college 社区大学(58) the Bilingual Education Act 双语教育法(59) affirmative action program 积极行动方案(60) reverse discrimination 反向歧视(61) compulsory education 义务教育(62) city upon a hill 山巅之城(63) the Great Awakening 大觉醒运动(64) rummage sales 旧杂物义卖(65) the Grand Canyon 大峡谷(66) British Commonwealth英联邦(67) God save the King /Queen 天佑吾王(68) the Stars and Stripes星条旗(69) E pluribus unum合众为一(70) the Good Friday Agreement北爱尔兰和平协议(71) Magna Carta（英国）大宪章(72) shadow cabinet影子内阁(73) the House of Lords 贵族院/ 上议院(74) Lords Spiritual 神职贵族(75) Lords Temporal 俗职贵族(76) the House of Commons下议院(77) Constitutional Monarchy君主立宪制(78) the Prime Minister首相(79) the Department of State国务院(80) Secretary of Commerce商务部长2、重点名词解释术语(1) American Dream(2) WASP(3) judicial review(4) federalism(5) the midterm election(6) Electoral College(7) laissez faire(8) New Deal(9) Medicare(10) Medicaid(11) grand jury(12) petit jury(13) the adversary system(14) affirmative action program(15) reverse discrimination(16) Manifest Destiny(17) British Commonwealth(18) protestantism(19) Group Eight(20) the Union Flag3、简答题复习范围（共24题）1. 关于英国部分(1) What influences the climate in the UK? (Unit 1)(2) What are the key elements in “Britishness” that the citizens of the UK share? (Unit 2)(3) It is said that British history has been a history of invasions. What are the major invasions in the history? (Unit 3)(4) What are the four major characteristics of the British Constitution? (Unit 4)(5) What are the functions of Parliament? How does the law-making process? (Unit 4)2. 关于美国部分(6) Describe the four recognizable and definable topographic regions in the United States. (Unit 1)(7) What makes the Northeast stand out as a unique cultural region? (Unit 1)(8) How did the South and the North differ from each other in their economic development before the Civil War? (Unit 2)(9) From what parts of Europe did immigrants mainly come in the 17th, 18th and much of the 19th centuries? (Unit 3)(10) How is the President elected? What are the presidential election’s proceedings? (Unit 4)（答案以ppt为准）(11) What qualifications does one need in order to vote in the U.S.? (Unit 4)(12) What are the powers of the US president? (Unit 4)(13) What was Alexander Hamilton’s plan for the development of the new Republic? (Unit 5)(14) What are the main characteristics of the post-industrial society? (Unit 5)（答案以ppt为准）(15) What were the two key traditional attitudes of Americans towards social services? (Unit 6)(16) What are the main areas covered by social security in the U.S.? (Unit 6)(17) The U.S. has a three-tiered national court system. What are the three levels? (Unit 7)(18) What are the four categories of institutions in the higher education system in the United States? (Unit 8，参考答案见ppt)(19) What reforms have been made in the United States over the past several decades for its public schools? (Unit 8)(20) What are the major differences between Roman Catholicism and Protestantism? (Unit 9)[Answer for reference: Both Roman Catholicism and Protestantism are branches of Christianity. Their differences lie mainly in two aspects. First, according to Roman Catholicism, the Pope is the authority of God’s revelation, while Protestantism believes that the Bible is the only source of revelation. Second, in Roman Catholicism, there is an episcopal hierarchy, while Protestantism believes in the universal priesthood of all the believers.](21) In what ways do American parents try to instill independent spirit in their children? (Unit 10)[Answer for reference: America parents try to instill independent spirit in their children in three ways. First, they expect their children to find part-time jobs. Second, they expect their children to leave home at an earlier age than in most other countries. Third, they expect their children to contribute to or pay for things that go beyond food, clothing, and shelter when they are above a certain age.](22) Describe the symbols in the national flag of the U.S. and their respective symbolic meanings.（参见ppt的Introduction）(23) Describe the major symbols in the grand seal of the U.S. and explain their respective symbolic meanings. （参见ppt的Introduction）(24) What were the major ideas in the Declaration of Independence?[Answer for reference: The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the power of government came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of government was to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.]。

英语国家概况复习

英语国家概况复习英语国家概况期末考试题型一、填空（20*1=20）二、单项选择（15*1=15）三、判断对错（15*1=15）四、名词解释（5*2=10）五、简答（4*5=20）六、论述（2*10=20）说明：以下是考试范围。

判断和单项选择就是书后面的内容。

填空题也从这两个部分里面出。

名词解释、简单题、论述题都是出自课文后的名词解释和问题。

True or False1. The United Kingdom and Northern Island is located in northern Europe.2. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions----England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles.4. The British Isles are made up of three large island and hundreds of small ones.5. Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain.7. In Scotland, rugged mountains, green valleys, and deep, blue lakes provide some of the most beautiful scenery in Europe.8. Britain?s longest river is the Thames.9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in northwest England.11. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts.14. Compared with the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of older people and a higher percentage of younger people.16. Scottish Gaelic is the official language in Scotland.18. English people all strive to free themselves of regional or local accents in order to sound like educated English-speaking people.19. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property.21. The successful Roman invasion took place in 43 AD, headed by the Emperor Julius Caesar. 23. The Magna Carta set out the rules which were to form the basis for the Parliament which operates in England today.24. The Black Death ravaged England, carrying off three fourths of the population.27. Queen Mary was a follower of the Church of England and was determined to take England once again a Protestant country.34. A general election may be called by the government at any time but must be within four years of the previous one.35. The House of Lords is the second chamber where changes in law can be made.36. The party which wins the second largest munber of seats in the House of Lords becomes theofficial Opposition.38. The Speaker is a member who is acceptable to all shades of opinion in the House of Lords.39. The two major parties in Britain today are the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democratic Party.40. Ministers in Britain cannot be elected Members of Parliament at the same time.43. In Scotland, all appeals are heard by three or more judges of the High Court of Justiciary. 45. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of the Lord Chancellor.47. The House of Lords is the court of last resort for most instances of UK law.48. The Lord chancellor is the highest court officer in Britain.52. John Maynard Keynes was an influential American economist.53. A strong opponent of the policies of the Labor Party, Margaret Thatcher worked to increase government control over the British economy.55. The area between London and South Wales is often referred to as Britain?s “Silicon Glen”.56. Britain imports chiefly manufactured products and exports mostly raw materials.58. The value of Britain?s exports of goods usual ly exceeds the value of its imports.59. Today, the City of London is the center of London where government departments are located.60. The trade union movement in Britain has become stronger these years because of changes in the structure of employment.65. General Practitioners receive fees based on the number of individuals who register with them as patients.66. The nuclear family accounts for a majority of households and has increased in recent years.67. In Northern Ireland, the needs of those in difficulty are met by local authorities, who draw upon funds provided by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP).68. Eye tests and dental treatments in NHS hospitals are freeof charge.69. Personal social services refer to the provision of financial support for the people in difficulty.70. Most British people now live in detached houses.71. In the UK, more than half of the Christians attend worship on regular basis.72. Christian was first introduced into Britain by St. Augustine in the 6th century of the church of England.74. The supreme Governor of the Church of England is the Archbishop of Canterbury.75. Canterbury Cathedral is used for the Coronation of all British Monarchs.77. The Church of Scotland is the established church in Scotland and is subject to state control.78. The Baptist Union of Great Britain is the largest of the free churches in Britain.80. Since the United Kingdom guarantees its citizens religious freedom without interference from the states or the community .religion in Britain is separated from politics.83. Thanks to the 1988 Education Reform Act ,the UK has since provide universal and free state primary and secondary education.84. The Secretary of State for Education is responsible for public spending on schools.85. The Department of Education and Science is primarily responsible for public spending on schools.86. In the UK, public schools are public-funded.87. Universities and higher education colleges in the UK enjoy academic freedom, appoint their own degrees, decide which students to admit and are financially self-reliant.91. People in the UK spend about most of the free time in the pub．92. The Royal National Theatre often performs in Stratford-upon-Avon，Shakespeare's birthplace．93. With the emergence of the Beatles，the Rolling Stones，and the Who，British popularmusic Jed the world from the early 1980s．95. The UK's biggest-selling newspaper is The Times．97. The national sport of the UK is rugby．98. Cricket is popular in all the four home nations．101. The United States stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Pacific Ocean In the east．103. The Appalachian region is both complicated and varied，containing not only some of the highest mountains in North America，but also a vast expanse of intermontane basins, plateaus，and isolated ranges．104. Western Washington and Oregon receive plenty of rain and Central California is noticeably drier in winter．106. Washington D．C．is located in the Southern States Region and is also part of a state. 110. Hawaii has the largest land area of all the states，and Alaska has one of the smallest land areas．114. When many thousands of Southerners saw the victory of Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 election as not simply a political defeat but also a threat to all southern institutions and the southern way off life，they decided to secede from the Confederacy．115. The Progressive Movement was a well—organized，unified movement，demanding government regulation of economy and social condition．117. The Stock Market collapse occurred in 1928 in the United States．118. The Truman Doctrine referred to military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey．119. Nixon was the second president in American history 10 resign from the highest office of the nation．120. The black-white racial chasm in post-Civil—Rights-Movement America was highlighted by the savage beating of Martin Luther King by white police officers in 1992．121. In the United States，the major source of population growth is the rising birth rate．122. In the United States，African Americans remain the largest minority group.124. Hispanics have a low school dropout rate．125. Many of the Chicanos are farmers．128. The first Asians to arrive in the United States in significant numbers were the Japanese．129. Today，American Indians are only allowed to live on reservations．131. The Constitution of the United States , after its ratification，has never been revised．132. According to the Constitution, the federal government is responsible, for addressing questions that affect the nation as a whole as well as individual stares．134. The government is divided into four branches: the legislative ,the presidency，the bureaucracy and the judiciary.136. Candidates for the presidency can only be chosen by political parties.137. The president has great executive but no legislative power138. Congressmen serve a term of six years while senatorsserve a term of two years.139. The Democrats are thought of as associated with business, Anglo-Americans, and the rich．140. The number of Senators from each state is based upon its population．Multiple Choices1. The British Isles are made up of .A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Northern IrelandD. Wales3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year .A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in .A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in .A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. All the following are natural zones in Scotland, except .A. Highlands in the northB. the Central lowlandsC. the Eastern lowlandsD. the Southern uplands8. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of .A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland9. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is .A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast10. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?A. Britain?s climate is of the maritime typeB. Winters in Britain are extremely coldC. Summers in Britain are coolD. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter11. The English people and the English language were born from the union of .A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Germanic conquerors and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons12. The first known settlers of Britain were .A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans13. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient .A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language14. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and .A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong Kong, ChinaD. Pakistan15. In Britain of the population is urban and is rural.A. 90%; 10%B. 80%; 20%C. 70%; 30%D. 60%; 40%16. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient .A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons17. The average population density in Britain is people per square kilometer.A. 205B. 370C. 800D. 50018. During the fifth century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons19. The upper class in Britain consists of all the following except .A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals20. “Britishness” can be reflected in all the following except.A. Union JackB. ConservativenessC. the BeatlesD. football21. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William?s army on Senlac field near.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings22. The Plantagenet dynasty was founded byA. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor23. English Reformation was carried out by to change the religion in England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary ID. Elizabeth I24. King John was forced by the barons to sign the which restricted king?s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter25. Simon de Montfort?s reform is considered to be the beginning of English.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. Liberty26. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as .A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President27. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter28. It was during the reign of that the name Great Britain came into being in 1707.A. ElizabethB. Henry VIIIC. CharlesD. Anne29. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen …s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne30. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is .A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacdonaldD. Macmillan31. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT .A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. European Community Law32. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 651C. 659D. 66033. British Conservative Party was formerly called Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist34. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of , by .A. the King; His Majesty?s GovernmentB. the Queen; Her Majesty?s GovernmentC. the Sovereign; Prime MinisterD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty?s Government35. is the “supreme governor” of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope36. In Britain the citizens aged or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 3037. The House of Common is headed by .A. the Prime MinisterB. the SpeakerC. the Lord ChencellorD. the Monarch38. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House39. The Liveral Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and .A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labor PartyC. the Liveral PartyD. the Green Party40. Parliament has the following functions EXCETPA. make lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declare war and making peaceD. examining the actions of the government41. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyonbd reasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. innocenceD. honesty42. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the ageof and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 2143. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 1544. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided byA.the policemenB. t he juryC. t he judgeD.the sheriff45. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland isA. t he Supreme Court of the United KingdomB. t he Court of AppealC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the House of Lords46. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointnents are nade by the Queen on the advice of .A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General47. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in .A. the Magistrates? CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court48. In Scotland, are primarily civil law courts.A. Magis trates? CourtsB. County CourtsC. Crown CourtsD. District Courts49. The three “lay” magistrates that make up a Magistrates? Court in Britain are known as .A. justices of the peaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. justices of lawD. part-time magistrates50. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in .A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown Court51. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of .A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx52. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experiencedA. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression53. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain?s agriculture?A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D. Britain?s agriculture can produce enough fo od for its people.54. In Britain less than of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%55. In the Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s56. The following financial institutions have their headquarters in LondonEXCEPT .A. LIoyds TSBB. BarclaysC. Royal Bank of ScotlandD. HSBC57. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher Government carried out all the following policies butA. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization58. Britain is the largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth59. British oil fields were discovered on theA. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea60. Which of the following is NOT included in the new industries in Britain?A. microprocessorsB. computersC. biotechnologyD. motor vehicles61. The National Health Service was established in the United Kingdom in .A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 194961. is directly responsible for the NHS.A. Local governmentB. Central governmentC. V oluntary organizationsD. Certain social boards62. In Britain, children up to the age of can receive family allowances for children.A. 11B. 12C. 15D. 1663. In Britain, pensions for the elderly, or retirement benefits, begin for women at the age of .A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 6564. In England the NHS is managed by the .A. Department for Work and PensionsB. Department of HealthC. Social Security AgencyD. Social Services Department65. The National Health Service in Britain provides a full range of medical servicesfor .A. employeesB. residents aged between 18—60C. every residentD. residents aged over 6066. Social Security in the UK is the government?s most expensive program, costing approximately of public funding.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%67. A family doctor in Britain is also known as a .A. general doctorB. general pharmacistC. general practitionerD. family practitioner68. In 2001 people in marriage accounted for of the adult population in Britain.A. 60 %B. 55%C. 50%D. 45%69. Houses in Britain have traditionally been divided into the following types EXCEPT .A. detached houseB. semi-detached houseC. terraced houseD. attached house70 is NOT among the Anglican Church.A. The Church of EnglandB. The Episcopal Church ScotlandC．The Baptists D. The Church of Scotland71 is the largest of the Free Churches.A．The Baptists Union B. The Methodist ChurchB. T he Roman Catholic Church D. The Church in Wales72 Established Churches in Britain are .A. the Church of England and the Church of WalesB. t he Church of Wales and the Church of ScotlandC. t he Anglican ChurchesD. the Church of England and the Church of Scotland73 The Free Churches do NOT includeA. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC the BaptistsD . the United Reformed Church74 The principal non- Christian communities in Britain areA. the MoslemsB. the Methodist ChurchC . the Hindus D. the Jews75 The Church of Scotland is a church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic76 In Great Britain, the is uniquely related to the Crown.A. the Church of England B .the Church of ScotlandC. the Church of IrelandD. the Church of Wales77 The members of in uniquely to the Crown.A . the Anglican Church B. the Church of ScotlandC. the Roman Catholic Church D . the Free Church of Wales80 The Church of England has two provinces .They are .A. Canterbury and York B .London and Yorkc. Durham and Canterbury D. London and Winchester81 There are universities , including the Open University in Britain.A .70 B. 80 C.90 D.10082 The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC .14th and 15thD .15th and 16th83 The usual age for transfer from primary schools is in England ,Wales and Northern Ireland .A .14B .13C .12 D.1184 are independent schools in Britain.A. Comprehensive schoolsB. Grammar schoolsC . Secondary modern schools D. Public schools85 Secondary education in is basically selective.A .EnglandB . ScotlandC .WalesD . Northern Ireland86 Harrow School is .A .grammar schoolB .secondary modern schoolC . public schoolD . comprehensive school87 .In Britain, higher education is usually defined as advanced courses of a standard higher than .A. GCE O-LevelB.GCE A-LevelC. GCE ?AS? LeverD.GCSF88 In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes all the following EXCEPT .A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science89 The following universities belong to “red-brick”universities EXCEPT.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of Glasgow90 The leading scientific society in Britain is .A. the British Association for the Advancement of ScienceB. the Royal InstitutionC. the British AcademyD. the Royal Society91 The largest and the most important museum in Britain is .A．the British Museum B. the Victoria and Albert MuseumC. the Imperial War MuseumD. the National Gallery92 Britain?s most popular pastime is.A．reading newspaper B．watching TVC．playing football D．horse racing94 The Times is a newspaper in Britain．A．quality daily B．popular dailyC．quality Sunday D．mid．market daily95 The Daily Mirror is a newspaper in BritainA quality daily B．popular dailyC．popular Sunday D．mid．market daily96 is the most read Sunday newspaper in Britain．A．The Mail on Sunday B．Sunday MirrorC. The News of the World D．The Observer97 Football has its traditional home in .A．England B．ScotlandC．France D．Italy98 is the most typical English sport．A．Football B．RugbyC．Cricket D．Horse racing99 Of the following four sports，has the longest historyA. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby100 The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from ．A. Manchester B . LiverpoolC. London D．Edinburgh101 The BBC is financed principally by ．A. the GovernmentB. an annual television license feeC. advertising／commercialsD. both B and C102 The United States of America is the country in the world．A．1argest B．second-largest C．third-largest D．fourth-largest103 extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestwards to Alabama.A．The Rocky Mountains B．The Appalachian HighlandsC．The Coast Mountains D．The Blue Mountains104 The climate of the United States is influenced by ．A．the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans B．the Gulf of MexicoC．the Great Lakes D．All of the above105 What is the leading commercial crop of the South?A．Cotton．B．T obacco．C．Sugar cane. D．Rice106 Which Midwestern city is the automobile capital of theworld?A．Chicago．B．Detroit．C．Milwaukee．D．Cleveland107 One of the most important lakes in the United States is ，which is the largest fresh water lake in the world．A．Lake Superior B．Lake Michigan C．Lake Huron D．Lake Ontario108 New England lies in of the United States．A．the northern part B．the southern partC．the northeastern part D．the southeastern part109 The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a climate．A．subtropical B．continental desert C．maritime D．Mediterranean110 The smallest state in the United States is ．A．Washington B．Rhode Island C．Hawaii D．Maryland111 In the United States，the largest city along the Pacific coast is .A．Los Angeles B．San Francisco C．Seattle D．Portland112 The British established 13 colonies along ．A. the west coast of North America B．the west coast of South AmericaC．the east coast of North America D．the east coast of South America113 In the early 18S0s,with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because ．A．whether the future states formed as a result of the westward movement should be free from slavery would affect the balance of power in the SenateB．the south insisted that slavery should be allowed tospread Into all new territoriesC .the north refused let slavery spread into new territoriesD .the north wanted to put an end to slavery114 The Progressive Movement wanted t0 in order to stop big business controlA．initiate strict government regulation B．have the government fix pricesC．break up all the big businesses D．do away with rebates 115 The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of ．A．cultural revival B．loss of purposeC．development in science and technologyD．material success and spiritual frustration116 The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first brought about by ．A．bank failures B．serious unemploymentC．farm foreclosures D．the stock market crash117 The purpose of the New Deal measures was toA．save American democracy and the capitalist systemB．check the worsening of the economic situationC．help people overcome the difficultyD．increase American export118 On June 5，1947, suggested that the U．S．should offer economic aidWestern Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion．A．George Marshall B．Franklin D. RooseveltC．George Kennan D．Harry Truman119 At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis，the President of the U．S．was ．A．Truman B．Eisenhower C．Kennedy D．Johnson120 New Frontier and War on Poverty were programs initiated by ．A．President KennedyB．President JohnsonC．Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD．Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively121 The conservatism during the Reagan administration was known as ．A．the New Left B．the New RightC．the New Frontier D．the New Freedom122 The current situation of African-Americans presents .A．a favorable picture B．a negative pictureC．a mixed picture D. an encouraging picture123 Although legal，official discrimination has been abolished, .A．discrimination in employment still existsB．discrimination in university admission still existsC．poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among aD．inequality and subtle discrimination still exist124 Cuban—Americans mainly live in ．A．Florida B．Texas C．Louisiana D．Alabama125 Some people say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ．A．family B．hard workC．education D．avoidance of discrimination126 Now about 80％to 90％of immigration to th6 United States is from .A．Asian and Latin American countries B．African countries C．European countries D. Central and South American。

英语国家概况期末考试试卷及答案

2013年级商务英语专业考试用卷第 1 页共 3 页英语国家概况期末考试试卷及答案（2014－2015学年度第二学期） 13 年级商务英语专业考试科目: 英语国家概况成绩： Part One. Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement. 20% 1.Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey. A. 1056 B. 1066 C. 1006 D. 1060 2.By the end of the Wars of the Roses the House of _____ began. A. Tudor B. Lancaster C. Plantagenet D. Norman 3.The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____. A. Europe B. the United States C. Africa D. the West Indies 4. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583. A. Canada B. Australia C. India D. Newfoundland 5.The first known settlers of Britain were _______. A. the Jutes B. the Celts C. the Saxons D. the Iberians 6. British Recorded history began with _____. A. Roman invasion B. the Norman Conquest C. the Viking and Danish invasion D.the Anglo-Saxons invasion 7.The Vikings who invaded England at the turn of the 8th century came from___ A. Norway B. Denmark C. France D. both A and B 8.The ___ marked the establishment of feudalism in England. A. Viking invasion B. Signing of the Magna Carta C. Norman Conquest D. Adoption of common law 9.The Industrial Revolution started in _____. A the Great Britain B the United States C Canada D Australia 10. ___ is the capital city of Scotland. A. Belfast B. Edinburgh C. Aberdeen D. Cardiff 11.The English Civil War broke out in 1642 between ____ A. Protestants and Puritans B. Royalists and Parliamentarians C. nobles and peasants D. aristocrats and Christians 12.By the late 7th century, _____ became the dominant religion in England. A. Celtic Christianity B. Anglo-Saxon Christianity C. Germanic Christianity D. Roman Christianity 13.The ___ attack on Rome ended the Roman occupation in Britain in 410. A. Norman B. Danish C. Celtic D. Germanic 14.Westminster Abbey was built at the time of _____ A. St. Augustine B. Edward the confessor C. William the Conqueror D. Alfred the Great. 15. Shakespeare lived in the period of _________. A. the Middle Ages B. the Victorian age C. the Elizabethan age D. The Industrial Revolution 16.The three great Germanic tribes: the Anglos, the _____ and the Jutes which invaded Britain form the basis of the modern British people. A. Saxons B. Scots C. Welsh D. Wessex 17.The direct cause for the Reformation was King Henry VIII’s effort to ___ A.Divorce his wife B. Break with Rome C. Support the Protestants D. Declare his supreme power over the church 18.______ was passed after the Glorious Revolution A.The Bill of Rights B. The Act of Supremacy C. The Provisions of Oxford D. The Magna Carta 19.The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of ___ words to English. A.Danish and Finnish B. Dutch and German C. French and Italian D. Latin and Greek 20.At present, nearly ___ of the world’s population communicate in English. A. Half B. A quarter C. One-third D. One-fifth Part Two. Fill in the blanks. 20% 1. The two main islands of the British Isles are _______ and _____________ 2.__________________ is the capital city of England. 3.Great Britain is geographically and historically divided into three parts: ___________, ___________ and ______________. 4. The Old English period ended with the _________________. 5.The Hundred Year’s War was a series of wars fought between __________ and __________. 6.The Reformation was in essence a _____________in a religious guise. Part Three: Judge whether each statement is True or False. 20% 1.People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country.2013年级商务英语专业考试用卷第 2 页共 3 页2.In terms of population and area, Northern Ireland is the second largest part of Britain.3. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons.4.British history before 55BC is basically undocumented.5. The Anglo-Saxons came to Britain in the 5th century.6. The Vikings began to attack the English coast in the 8th century.7.The Hundred Year’s War was a series of wars fought between the British and the Vikings for trade and territory.8. Henry II built up a large empire which included England and most of France.9. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Elizabeth I actually defended the fruit of the Reformation. 10.The Severn River is the longest river of Britain. Part Four. Translate the following terms into English. 20% 1.人权法案_________________________ 2至尊法案________________________ 3.文艺复兴_____________________ 4.标准英语_____________________ 5. 大宪章 _____________________ 6.大熔炉_______________________ 7.光荣革命_______________________ 8.宗教改革___________________ 9.工业革命________________10.大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国___________________ Part Five ．Write between 100-150 words on the following topic.20% William the Conqueror and Norman Conquest 答题卡 Part One: Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement. 20% 1-5 ________________ 6-10 ________________ 11-15 ________________ 16-20_______________ Part Two: Fill in the blanks: 20% 1.___________, _____________ ; 2____________ 3.___________,_____________._____________. 4.______________, 5.______________, _____________ 6______________ Part Three: Judge whether each statement is True or False. 20% 1-5 _______________ 6-10 ______________ Part Four. Translate the following terms into English. 20% 1.人权法案_________________________ 2至尊法案________________________ 3.文艺复兴_____________________ 4.标准英语_____________________ 5. 大宪章 _____________________ 6.大熔炉_______________________ 7.光荣革命_______________________ 8.宗教改革___________________ 9.工业革命________________10.大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国___________________ Part Five ．Write between 100-150 words on the following topic.20% William the Conqueror and Norman Conquest答案Part One: Choose the most appropriate answer to each question or statement. 20%1-5BAADD 6-10ADCAB 11-15BDABC 16-20AADCCPart Two: Fill in the blanks: 20%1.Great Britain and Ireland.2.London3.England, Scotland and Wales4. Norman Conquest5.England and France6. political movementPart Three: Judge whether each statement is True or False. 20%1-5 FFTTT 6-10TFTTTPart Four. Translate the following terms into English. 20%1.人权法案The Bill of Rights 2至尊法案The Act of Supremacy3.文艺复兴The Renaissance4.标准英语Standard English/ BBC English/ t he Queen’s English5.大宪章The Magna Carta/The Great Charter6.大熔炉The melting pot7.光荣革命Glorious Revolution 8.宗教改革The Reformation9.工业革命The Industrial Revolution10.大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2013年级商务英语专业考试用卷第3 页共3 页。

09级英语国家概况考试题型与部分范围

2009级《英语国家概况》期末考试部分题目及参考答案III. Define the following terms using either the exact words from the text or in your own words.（本题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）31. TAFE32. Abraham Lincoln33. Windsor Castle34. Franklin Roosevelt35. Golden Gate BridgeIV. Give brief answers to the following questions. （本题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分）36.On what basis are applicants chosen by American universities?37.What do the Americans think of education?38.How big is the tourist industry in the United States?39.What traditional festivals do the Americans celebrate?40.What did Margaret Thatcher do to the British economy?V. State your understanding of the following questions in about 100 words? （本题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）41. What are the reasons for the remarkable economic achievements made in the USA?三、本题共5 小题，每小题4分，满分20 分。

31. Technical and Further Education institutions provide a wide range of predominantly vocational tertiary education courses in Australia. Fields covered include hospitality, tourism, construction, engineering, secretarial skills, visual arts, computer programming and community work..32. The 16th President of the United States, who guided his country through the most devastating experience in its national history---the Civil War .33. The largest inhabited castle in the world dates back to the time of William the Conqueror. It is the oldest in continuous occupation. It may be the most famous castle in the world. Together with Buckingham Palace in London and Holyrood in Edinburgh, it is one of the principal official residences of the British monarchs.34. He is often referred to by his initials FDR. He was the 32nd President of the United States. As a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war, he has consistently been ranked as one of the three greatest US presidents in scholarly surveys.35. A suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate, the opening of the San Francisco Bay onto the Pacific Ocean. It had the longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed in 1937 and has been an internationally recognized symbol of San Francisco and California.四、本题共5 小题，每小题6分，满分30 分。

科目：《英语国家概况》期末试卷(A卷)样本含答案

科目：《英语国家概况》期末试卷（A卷）样本含答案Final Examination on A Guide to English-Speaking Countries一Multiple choice ( 30’)(D ) 1 As a result of the Black Death, much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of ___ in England.A grainB farm toolsC housesD labor( D ) 2 In the late 17th century, two of most famous literary works were Pilgrim’s Progress and _________ .A the Jew of MaltaB the School of ArcheryC Novum OrganumD Paradise Lost(C ) 3. In 1836, a group of skilled workers and _____ formed the London Working Men’s Association.A householdersB tenantsC small shopkeepersD office workers ( C ) 4. In the Industrial Revolution, changes occurred earliest and quickest in the industry of ______.A. pottery B hardware C textiles D chemicals ( C ) 5. In Britain police officers are not allowed to join ________ or to go on strike.A a choirB a political partyC a trade unionD a club(B ) 6 The Great Carter of 1215 is also known as _________.A People’s CharterB Magna CartaC King’s CharterD the Declaration of human rights(B ) 7 Henry Ⅱwas the first king of the ________ dynasty.A MalcolmB PlantagenetC WindsorD Tudor( A) 8. __________ is the most typically English of sportsA CricketB GolfC TennisD Horse-racing ( A ) 9. By the Treaty of ______ of 1842, China ceded _______ to Britain.A Nanjing, Hong KongB Tianjing, Hong KongC Nanjing, MacauD Tianjing, Macau( D ) 10. In _______, the name Great Britain came into being.A 1689B 1702C 1701D 1707( C ) 11. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and the beginning of 1930s was first brought about by ___.A the farm failureB the bank failuresC the stock market crashD the high unemployment( D ) 12．What are the problems that the U.S. economy has faced from time to time?A InflationB DepressionsC RecessionsD all of the above ( A ) 13．The real American literature began________.A after the war of IndependenceB after the Westward MovementC after the Civil WarD after the Civil Rights Movement ( A ) 14. In 1900, the United States ranked first in the production of ____ .A coalB electricityC oilD wheat( D ) 15. In the United States, if the parents don’t send their children to school at certain age, ________ .A the state government will be responsible for itB they will educate the children themselvesC they can save a lot of moneyD they are breaking the law( D ) 16. The U.S. and China established their diplomatic relations in _____.A 1974B 1972C 1978D 1979( C ) 17 In his inaugural speech, ______ said that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”A Woodrow WilsonB Theodore RooseveltC Franklin D. RooseveltD George Washington(C ) 18. One of the characteristics of the American people is _______ and it is said they are always ______.A liberty, debatingB aggressiveness, starting warsC mobility, on the moveD greediness, making money( D ) 19. Hemingway’s most famous masterpiece was ______.A The Sun Also RisesB A Farewell to ArmsC For Whom the Bell TollsD Old Man and the Sea(D ) 20. The system of higher education in the U. S. has three principle functions except ____-.A teachingB researchC public serviceD individual service following statements are T (true) or F (false) according to what you have learned. (10’)(T ) 1 There are three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: Scotland, Wales and England.( F ) 2 Under William’s rule, the freeman were at the bottom of the feudal system.(F ) 3 The English Civil War is also called the Glorious Revolution.( F ) 4 In U.K, a Parliament has a maximum duration of 4 years.( T ) 5 Christmas Day, December 25th, celebrates the birth of Christ, and is the greatest of Christian festivals.(F ) 6 Chicago is known as the automobile capital of the world.( T ) 7 Between 1850 and1880, many early Chinese immigrants to the United States worked in the mining industry, especially in the gold mines.( T ) 8 The Pilgrims built a colony named Plymouth after they arrived in America. (F ) 9. The longest war that the United States has fought is the Civil War.(T ) 10. Higher education in the U.S consists of six types of institutions.三Fill in the following blanks: (10’)1 In 1066, England was conquered by the __ Norman___________ who were led by William the Conqueror.2 The greatest writer in the English language is ___Shakespeare_________________ .3 In criminal trials in Britain, the issue of guilt or innocence is to be decided by the___ jury __ while sentence is to be passed by the __ judge_____________ .4 The dominant broadcasting corporation in Britain is __ BBC__________, which is controlled by the state.5 The most famous leader of the American Civil Rights movement in the 1960s was ___Martin Luther King___________________.6 The U.S. system of government has two layers of rule. They are the __Federal_________ government and the __ State ____ government.7. The National Day of the United States is _ 4, July_____.8 Between 1946 and 1961, more than 63 million babies were born in the United States, who were known as the __baby boom____________ generation.四Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. (30’)1 What is the official name of Britain?2 What were the main causes of the Hundred Years’War?3 What are the primary sources of British law?4 How was the 1920s in the United States described by many historians?5 What is the meaning of the “Lost Generation”?6. What were the two guiding principles underlying America diplomatic activities in World War Two?7. What are the three periods as far as the evolution the British economy since the Second World War is concerned?8. What kind of economic system does the United States have?9. Why is education very important to Americans?10. What does the British Parliament consist of?五Writing.(20’)要求：How to Enhance Our Sense of Happiness?1. 人们对于如何提升幸福感有不同的看法2. 幸福感的提升不仅包括物质层面，也包括……参考答案一1 DDCCC 6 BBAAD 11 CDAAD 16 DCCDD二1 TFFFT 6 FTTFT三1 Norman 2 Shakespeare 3 jury judge 4 BBC 5 Martin Luther King6 Federal State7 4, July8 baby boom四1 The official name of Britain is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and NortainIreland.2 Tthe main causes of the Hundred Years’ War were partly territorial and partly economic.3 The primary sources of British law are: (1) Statutes of Parliament; (2) common law;(3) equity law; (4) European Community law.4 The 1920s in the United States has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.5 The “Lost Generation refers to those who are both physically and spiritually impotent.6 The first was to win the war; the second was to establish a postwar political structure in accord with American interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion.7 (1) Steady development in the 50s and 60s;(2) Economic recession in the 70s;(3) Economic recovery in the 80s.8 The United state has a free-market economy with a dominant private sector.9. Because it contributes to developing the national strength and personal success.10 The British Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.五1 Thanksgiving Day is a typical American holiday. It is an annual day of thanks for the blessings people have enjoyed during the year. The theme of thanksgiving has been peace and plenty, health and happiness.2 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 It was signed into law by President Jonson in 1964. It outlawed discrimination not only in public housing, but also in employment on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.六1：The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included:(1) the return to private ownership of state-owned industries;(2) the use of monetarist polices to control inflation;(3) the weakening of trade union;(4) the strengthening of the role market forces in the economy;(5) an emphasis on law and order.2 The war, however, had great impact on the development of the United States.（1）The war made people realize the importance of a strong national government.（2）The war strengthened the feeling of national unity and patriotism.（3）For almost 10 years after the war, the Americans turned their attention to thedevelopment of the western part of the continent.（4）It made both Britain and Unites States realize that their disputes should be solve through negotiation..Please write any three of the 13 colonies the British established along the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1733.。