发育生物学期末复习资料.doc

选择题：

1 .What is epigenesis（渐成论）？d

a）The belief that a mutant organism is already present in miniature in the embryo.

b） The theory that early development is controlled by the zygote's genes.

c）The theory that early development is controlled by the maternal genes.

d） The process by which the mature organism is produced gradually from an essential formless embryo.何为后生（渐成论）？

一）认为突变生物体是已经存在于微型在胚胎。

二）该理论认为，早期的发展是由受精卵的基因控制的。

三）该理论认为，早期的发展是由母体基因控制的。

d）使该成熟生物体从-个基本无定形胚逐渐产生的过程。

2. What is apoptosis? b

a）An experimental technique that biologists use to kill specific cell.

b）Programmed cell death that is required for normal development.

c）A pathological condition observed only in damaged or diseased organism.

d）A developmental mechanism unique to the roundworm C.elegans.

一个实验性的技术，生物学家用来杀死特定的细胞。

B）编程所需的正常发育的细胞死L：°

c）在病理状态中受损或患病的机体只有观察。

D）独有的蛔虫线虫,一个致力于发展机制。

3. What is the function of stem cells in adult mammals? c

a） Some of their daughter cells remain as stem cells and continue to divide throughout life.

b）The give rise to hair, fingernails, and other structures that grow throughout life.

c）The produced cells that differentiate to replace dead or damaged cells.

d）The produced compounds that stem blood loss from wounds.

。什么是干细胞在成年哺乳动物的功能？

一）他们的一些了细胞仍然是干细胞，并继续在整个生命来划分。

二）引起的头发，指甲，以及整个人生发展的其他结构。

三）生产的细胞分化代替死亡或受损的细胞。

四）生产的化合物，源于创伤失血。

4. What are regulatory cascades in development also referred to as networks? c

a) Each transcription factor and signal in the cascade has limited life span.

b) Signals as well as transcription factors are involved in the cascade.

c) The cascade is not linear-within and between levels in the cascade, various gene

products interact to form network.

d) Each step in the cascade takes time, so the steps in the cascade are sequential.

4.什么是监管级联的发展也被称为网络？

a) 在该级联的每个转录因子和信号具有有限的寿命。

~)信号以及转录因子参与了级联。

三)级联是不是线性内并在级联级之间，各个基因产物相互作用形成网络。

d) 在级联的每个步骤需要时间，所以在级联中的步骤是顺序。

5. What is a homeotic mutant? b

a) An individual with an abnormal head-to-tail axis.

b) An individual with a structure located in the wrong place.

c) An individual with double the normal number of structures or segments.

d) In flies, an individual that is missing segments; in Arabidopsis, an individual that is missing a

hypocotyls or other embryonic structure.

什么是同源的突变？

%1)具有异常的头-尾轴的个人。

b) 在位于错了地方的结构的个人。

O与结构或部分的正常数量的一倍的个人。

d)在果蝇，即缺少部分的个人;在拟南芥，即缺少胚轴或其它胚胎结构的个体。

6. What happens during the acrosome reaction? c

a) Bindin(结合素)binds to the egg-cell receptor for sperm.

b) The sperm- and egg-cell membranes fuse.

c) Enzymes that digest the egg jelly layer are released, and microfilaments in the tip of the

sperm head polymerize to form a protrusion.

d) The centriole released from the sperm orients microtubules in the fertilized egg and