现在完成时1

现在完成时导学案1

班级：姓名：

一、现在完成时

构成have / has+过去分词

过去分词的变化分两种：1、规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加ed构成, 2、不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。其中的have / has 为助动词。

1、构成肯定句，主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。

2、构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not。变成haven’t或hasn’t.主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词过去分词+其他。

3、构成一般疑问句时，可将其提前：Have/ Has +主语+动词过去分词+其他？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/ hasn’t.

4、构成特殊疑问句时：特殊疑问词（What/ Where等）+have/has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？

举例：I have known Bob for three years. （肯定句）

I haven’t known Bob for three years. （否定句）

Have you known Bob for three years? （一般疑问句）

Yes, I have. \ No, I haven’t. （肯定、否定回答）

How long have you known Bob? （特殊疑问句）

1. I have already bought a book in this store. (改为一般疑问句)

_________ you _________ a book in this store _________?

2. Has Tim taken the medicine? (作肯定回答)_________, _________ _________.

3. Have they decided to take a long journey? (作否定回答)_________, _________ _________.

4. Jill has already told her mother the truth of the matter. (改为否定句)

Jill _________ _________ her mother the truth of the matter _________.

一、按要求完成句子

1.They have studied English for five years.

否定句：__________________________________________________

一般疑问句________________________________________________

肯定回答____________________ 否定回答_____________________

2.My father has already had a headache.

否定句：__________________________________________________

一般疑问句________________________________________________

肯定回答____________________ 否定回答_____________________

3.She has studied English for five years。(就划线部分提问)

①②③

提问①_______________________________________________________

提问②_______________________________________________________

提问③_______________________________________________________

用法：1).过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.

2)过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。

1. 已完成用法（影响性用法）：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。通常与already（已经），never（从不），ever（曾经），before（之前），yet（尚未）, recently（最近）等时间状语连用。

如：She has already left. 她早已离开了。（对现在的影响或结果：她现在不在这儿。）

Has she found her car key yet？她找到她的车钥匙了吗？（对现在的影响或结果：她能开她的车了吗？）

I have finished my work. 我的工作做完了。（对现在的影响或结果：现在我没事了。）

He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。（对现在的影响或结果：他现在一定很饿。）

习题：（1）------What are you going to do this weekend? -------I ____yet.

A.haven not decided

B. will not decide

C. have decided

D. did not decide

（2）Use “never, ever, already, just, yet” to fill in the blanks.

1）. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.

2）. Jack has _________ finished his homework.

3）. Mr. Wang has taught in this school for ten years.

4）. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”

5）. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.

2. 未完成用法（持续性用法）：该用法的现在完成时表示动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。常与由since或for引导的表示一段时间的时间状语连用连用，或与表示和现在时刻相连的时间状语so far（到目前为止），up to now(到现在)等连用。

详细用法：①for+时间段②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago

④since+从句（过去时）⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）

举例：I haven’t seen her since two days ago. 自二天前以来我一直未见过她。

I met him in 1975 and haven't seen him since 1975. 1975年我见过他，但自那以后就一直未见到他。

We have been good friends since we met at school. 自从读书相识以来，我们一直是好朋友。

We have known each other for 15 years. 我们相互认识已有15年了。

I have kept the book for more than three years.我保存这本书已有三年多了。

I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有收到他的任何消息。

习题：用since和for填空

1.______two years

2.____two years ago

3.___last month

4.______ 1999

5._______yesterday

6._______ 4 o’clock7 _______4 hours 8._____an hour ago 9. __ _we were children 10. ____ she left here

11. He has lived in Nanjing __ _ the year before last.

12. I’ve known him ______ we were children.

13. Our teacher has studied Japanese ___ ___ three years.

14. She has been away from the city ___ ___ about ten years.

15. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

16. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower________thousands of visitors since 1995.

A.attracted

B.attracts

C.has attracted

D. Will attract

17. ----Hasn’t Betty come yet?----No,and I____for her for nearly 2 hours.

A.wait

B.waited

C.have waited

D.had waited

习题1：用since和for填空

1. He has lived in Nanjing __ 2005.

2. I’ve known him ______ we were children.

3. Our teacher has studied Japanese ___ ___ three years ago

4. She has been away from the city ___ ___ about ten years.

5. It’s ten years ________she left the city.

标志词：already--yet never-ever just--before so far=up to now in/during the last/past+时间

次数once twice recently lately for/since/how long

易混词have (has) been to /have(has )gone to /have(has ) been in有去有回/有去无回/呆在某地

1).________you ever ________to Beijing? Yes. I have.

2).Where is our teacher?She isn’t here. she _______ ________ the library.

3). I have _________ _________ the museum for four hours.