Bill of lading(BL)提单
HBL与MBL区别
HBL是HOUSE BILL OF LADING （货代提单）MBL是MASTER BILL OF LADING （船东提单）1.HBL是货代签发的提单，不能依此来提货；MBL是船东签发的提单，可以依此来提货2.HBL不管是到付还是预付，都可以给发货人；MBL如果是到付一般不给，船公司要控制货物，但是预付可以给发货人；船务公司有的是客人直接指定的.3.HBL的抬头一般是客人指定的货代的抬头，签字也是货代公司的；MBL的抬头是船务公司的抬头，比如：走YANGMING，他的抬头就；是YANGMING LING.......，签字也是YANGMING的4.在提货时，要用HBL来换MBL才能提到货物[Forwarders Cargo Receipt即FCR是“承运货物收据”，简称Cargo Receipt，是货代收到托运货物时给托运人签发的收据，此外还是承揽将货物运到FCR上所栽明的目的地的单证，它不是物权凭证，除非信用证特别授权的话，银行是不会接受这种单据的，提单是物权凭证，与没有严格统一规定的Cargo Receipt不同，提单有严谨的含义楼主要注意收汇安全,因为你把货物交给货代就完成了交货任务，此时由于没有提单，货物已经不属于你拉，客户也可以直接提货，而你评次单据就是应该拿到钱了，因为你已经失去了货物。
B/L代表物权，是所有权凭证，cargo receipt只是收据，不表示物权。
收货单(cargo receipt)：是货物装船后，承运船舶的大副签发给托运人，表示已收到货物并已装船的货物收据。
收货人收到正本提单后，向承运人的代理人换取提货单；代理人签发提货单后，须保持正本提单、舱单和提货单内容相一致；收货人凭提货单向海关办理放行手续后，再到港口仓库或船边提取货物；货物提清后，提货单留存港口仓库备查；收货人实收货物少于提单或发生残损时，须索取货物溢短单或货物残损单，并凭以通过代理人向承运人索赔。
cargo receipt应该是收货人办理的卸船单证之一一般因为是客户自己租船订舱，而且希望能及早收到提单以便提货，故而在L/C中要求CARGO RECEIPT交单，而全套正本提单由受益人直接寄交申请人or随船直接到达申请人手中。
SEAWAYBILL和BILLOFLADING有什么本质的区别？
SEAWAY BILL 和BILL OF LADING 有什么本质的区别？海运单/提单SEAWAY BILL 跟电放是差不多的，海运单目的港收货人只要凭传真件和有效身份证明即可提货，而提单则是物权证明，无论谁持有都有提货的权利，而海运单则必须是海运单上面的收货人才能够提货，所以类似于电放！海运单有别于提单《中华人民共和国海商法》第80条规定：承运人签发提单以外的单证用以证明收到待运货物的，此项单证即为订立海上货物运输合同和承运人接收该单证中所列货物的初步证据。
承运人签发的此类单证不得转让。
因此，海运单如同提单可作为货物的收据和运输合同的证明，但它不可通过背书转让，因而在交货时无需出具海运单原件给承运人。
此外，海运单并非物权凭证, 也非货物交付的单证, 它只能是记名的, 不可签“TO ORDER”字样。
海运单适用于：中途不被转售的机制成品货物的班轮运输；出售给跨国公司的一家分公司或卖给一家联营公司、相关公司之间的贸易；以记帐贷款为基础的买卖；结算方式为直接汇付、往来帐户、现金的贸易；其他不需要信用证的贸易。
对于那些需转让、流通的货物，虽并不期望转售，但买卖方要求那种只能由物权凭证付款所提供的担保，在对买方的偿付能力或卖方的履行合同能力与意愿有任何怀疑的情况时，或在以银行商业信用证付款的场合，海运单就不能取代传统的提单。
海运单与提单有着一定的差别。
那么，调整提单的国际公约诸如海牙规则等是否也制约于海运单呢？1990年国际海事委员会第34届大会通过的《国际海事委员会海运单统一规则》第四条第一款规定，运输合同应受适用于该合同的、或者当运输合同由提单或类似的物权凭证包含时，强制适用于该合同的国际公约或国内法的制约。
由此可见，上述调整提单的国际公约或国内法制约仍适用于海运单。
操作注意事项在承运人接管货物或将货物装船后，海运单和提单一样应按托运人的要求，由承运人、承运人的代理人或船长签发。
托运人凭海运单和其它单证如商业发票到银行结汇。
提单billoflading样本及内容解析
Bill of Lading提单B/L is the short form of Bill of Lading which is one of the most important documents in international business. A Bill of Lading represents both a receipt for goods shipped and a contract for shipment between the shipping company and the shipper. It is also a document of entitlement to the goods, giving the holder or the assignee the right to possess the goods. It is issued and signed by a shipping company or its authorized agent.B/L是Bill of Lading的缩写形式，是在国际贸易中最重要的单据之一。
提单既作为承运货物的收据，又代表承运人和托运人之间的运输合同。
它也是货物所有权的证件，因而给予持有人或受让人提货的权力。
它由承运人或其授权代理签署。
1. The main functions of a B/L 提单的主要作用1. It is a cargo receipt made out by the ship owner; 它是船方填制的货物收据；2. It is the evidence of a contract of carriage between the consignor andthe shipping company; 是托运人与承运人间的运输合同证明；3. B/L is a document of title to the goods. 是货物所有权证明单据。
提单(bill of lading)中英文简介
简介提单（Bill of Lading,B/L）是由船长或承运人或承运人的代理人签发，证明收到特定货物，允许将货物运至特定目的地并交付于收货人的凭证。
一、提单的作用1. 提单是运输合同的证明2. 提单是货物收据3.提单是物权凭证分类二、提单的分类1. 按货物是否已装船区分1 已装船提单（Shipped B/L or on Board B/L）。
2 收货待运提单（Received for Shipment B/L）。
2．按提单抬头区分1 记名提单（Straight B/L），又称收货人抬头提单。
2 指示提单（Order B/L）。
3 不记名提单（Blank B/L or Open B/L）。
3.按无影响结汇的批注区分1 清洁提单（Clean B/L）。
2 不清洁提单（Foul B/L）。
4.按收费方式区分1 运费预付提单(Freight Prepaid B/L)。
2 运费到付提单（Freight Collect B/L）。
5.按船舶的经营方式区分1 班轮提单(Liner B/L)。
2 租船提单（Charter Parth B/L）。
三、提单的缮制与签发1．托运人（Shipper）2．收货人（Consignee）3．通知人（Notify Party）4．前段运输（Pre-Carriage by）5．收货地点(Place of Receipt)6．海运船舶及航次（Ocean Vesse） 7．装货港（Port of Loading）8．卸货港（Port of Discharge） 9．交货地点（Place of Delivery）10. 唛头和号码、集装箱箱号和铅封号（Marks & Nos.、Container.Seal No.）11．集装箱数或件数（No of Container or P kgs）12．包装种类、货物名称（Kind of Packages、Description of Goods）13．毛重（Gross Weight kgs）14．体积（Measurement）15．运费和费用、付款地点及付款方式（Freight & Charges、Prepaid at、Payable at、Pre-paid、Collect）16．提单号和正本提单份数（B/L No.、No.of Original B(s)/L）17．签单地点和日期（Place and Date of Issue）18．代表承运人签字（Signed for the Carrier）区别四、B/L与D/O的区别B/L：BILL OF LADING提单，是货物的物权凭证。
单证课上的提单
1．货物收据。
提单是承运人签发给托运人的收据，确认承运人已收到提单所列货物并已装船，或者承运人已接管了货物，已代装船。
2．运输契约证明。
是托运人与承运人的运输契约证明。
承运人之所以为托运人承运有关货物，是因为承运人和托运人之间存在一定的权利义务关系，双方权利义务关系以提单作为运输契约的凭证。
3．货权凭证。
提单是货物所有权的凭证。
谁持有提单，谁就有权要求承运人交付货物，并且享有占有和处理货物的权利，提单代表了其所载明的货物。
海运提单(Ocean Bill of Lading或Marine Bill OF Lading)海运提单简称提单(B/L)，是由船长或承运人或其代理人签发的,证明收到特定的货物，或已装船，并负责将约定的货物运至特定的目的地，并交付于收货人或提单持有人的物权凭证，是承运人和托运人之间运输合同的证明。
海运提单的关系人托运人(Shipper) 承运人(Carrier 收货人(Consignee) 被通知人(Notify Party)一、提单正面的内容1、托运人/发货人（SHIPPER）2、收货人（CONSIGNEE）（1）指示式空白指示式（To order)，在提单背面由发货人进行背书。
背书又分为空白背书和记名背书。
记名指示式（To order of ……)包括发货人指示式、银行指示式和收货人指示式。
（2）记名式Straight B/L（3）不记名式Open B/L—留空不填，或填“To bearer”3、被通知人(Notify Party)被通知人栏须提供详细地址，即使信用证未规定详细地址，为了单证一致，提单正本按信用证规定的无地址的被通知人填制，但其副本一定要加注详细的地址。
一、提单正面的内容1、托运人/发货人（SHIPPER）2、收货人（CONSIGNEE）（1）指示式空白指示式（To order)，在提单背面由发货人进行背书。
背书又分为空白背书和记名背书。
记名指示式（To order of ……)包括发货人指示式、银行指示式和收货人指示式。
国际商法billoflading
A bill of lading is an instrument issued by an ocean carrier to a shipper with whom the carrier has entered into a contract for the carriage of goods
e.g. the goods received for shipping (or their packaging) looks
wets, damaged in doubtful condition not in correct quantity
2. classification of bill of lading
clean bill of lading (clean B/L) a bill of lading issued by a carrier declaring
that the goods have been received in an appropriate condition, without the presence of defects about packaging or the quantity
easily, it may bring about risks to both the seller and buyer because of missing and stealing.
Notes
Endorsement The placing of a signiture,sometimes with additional
(vessel) on the stated date.
Banks require this type of bill of lading so as to pay
贸易提单的基本常识
1)提单BILL OF LADING是指一种用以证明海上运输合同和货物由承运人接管或装船，以及承运人据以保证在目的港交付的单证。
2) 货运提单HOUSE B/L是指由货运代理人签发的提单。
货运提单往往是货物从内陆运出并运至内陆时签发的。
国际货代通常都使用此种提单。
一般货代为满足客户的倒签或其他船东无法满足的要求时也使用这种提单。
3) 船东提单MASTER B/L是指由船东签发的提单。
4) 已装船提单SHIPPED OR BOARD B/L指承运人向托运人签发的货物已经装船的提单。
5) 收货待运提单或待运提单RECEIVED FOR SHIPPING B/L指承运人虽已收到货物但尚未装船时签发的提单。
6) 直达提单DIRECT B/L指货物自装货港装船后，中途不经换船直接驶到卸货港卸货而签发的提单。
8) 联运提单或称转船提单THROUGH B/L指承运人在装货港签发的中途得以转船运输而至目的港的提单。
9) 多式联运提单MT B/L指货物由海上、内河、铁路、公路、航空等两种或多种运输方式进行联合运输而签的适用于全程运输的提单。
10) 班轮提单LINER B/L班轮是在一定的航线上按照公布的时间表，在规定的港口间连续从事货运的船舶。
班轮可分定线定期和定线不定期两种。
11) 租船合同提单CHARTER PARTY B/L一般指用租船承运租船人的全部货物，船东签给租船人的提单，或者并非全部装运租船人的货物，而由船东或租船人所签发的提单。
12) 记名提单STRAIGHT B/L是指只有提单上指名的收货人可以提货的提单，一般不具备流通性。
13) 指示提单ORDER B/L通常有未列名指示（仅写ORDER ），列名指示（ORDER OF SHIPPER 或ORDER OF CONSIGNEE**COMPANY ；ORDEROF **BANK ）。
此种提单通过指示人背书后可以转让。
14) 不记名提单BLANK B/L 或OPEN B/L提单内没有任何收货人或ORDER 字样，即提单的任何持有人都有权提货。
海运提单BL
概念海运提单（Ocean Bill of Lading）,是承运人收到货物后出具的货物收据，也是承运人所签署的运输契约的证明，提单还代表所载货物的所有权，是一种具有物权特性的凭证。
种类运输单据的种类很多，包括海运提单（Ocean Bill of Lading）、海运单（Sea Waybill）、航空运单（Air Waybill）、铁路运单（Rail Waybill）、货物承运收据（Cargo Receipt）和多式联运单据（MTD）等。
海运提单可以从不同角度，可以分类：※根据货物是否装船，可分为“已装船提单”（Shipped B/L）和“备运提单”（Received for shipment B/L)。
“备运提单’上加注“已装船注记”后，即成为“已装船提单”。
※根据报单上对货物外表状况有无不良批注，可分为“清洁提单”和“不清洁提单”。
国际贸易结算中，银行只接受“清洁提单”，即承运人未在提单上批注货物外表状况有任何不良情况。
※根据提单“收货人”栏内的书写内容，可分为“记名提单’和“指示提单”。
提单”收货人”栏，又称提单抬头，表明货物所有权的归属。
记名提单，该栏记载特定收货人名称，只能由该收货人提货，不能转让。
指示提单，又分不记名指示和记名指示：不记名指示提单仅填写“To order“（凭指定），必须由托运人背书后才能转让，又称“空白抬头”。
记名指示提单填写“To the order of...”（凭某某指定），该某某即为具体的指示人，提单由其背书后可以转让，通常为受托银行；背书又分两种形式：一种由有权背书人单纯签署，称为空白背书；另一种除背书人签署外，还写明被背书人（受让人）的名称，称为记名背书。
在国际贸易中，通常采用“凭指示空白背书提单”习惯上称“空白抬头、空白背书”。
※船舶运营方式的不同，可分为班轮提单和租船提单。
班轮握本上载明运输合同的条款，船货双方受其约束。
而租船提单则受另行制定的租船合同约束，故在使用该提单时，往往要提供租船合同副本。
Bill of Lading提单
※联运提单和多联运提单两者之间的区别：
（一）联运的第一承运必须是海运，而多式联运则可是其他方式; (二)采用联运时,托运人只需与第一段承运人签订全程的运输合 同,剩下路段由第一承运人与之签订合同,而多式联运则只需与承 运人签订一份合同即可; (三)在责任承担和风险划分上,联运的每段承运人只负责本段的 运输责任和风险,而多式联运经营人要负责整个运输(从接货地到 卸货地)的责任和风险; (四)运费率上,显然多式联运的运费率是一个加权值,整个运输 只用一个比率.而联运则每个路段都有自己的运费率; (五)在使用提单上,联运提单与多时联运提单也是不同的）
①运输代理行提单（House B/L） ②合并提单（Omnibus B/L） ③并装提单（Combined B/L） ④分提单（Separate B/L） (八)其他各种特殊提单 ⑤交换提单（Switch B/L） ⑥舱面货提单（On Deck B/L） ⑦包裹提单（Parcel Receipt B/L） ⑧集装箱提单（Container B/L） ※运输代理行提单 是指由运输代理人签发的提单。在航运实践中，为了节省费 用、简化手续，有时运输代理行将不同托运人发运的零星货 物集中在一套提单上托运，而由承运人签发给运输代理行成 组提单，由于提单只有一套，各个托运人不能分别取得提单， 只好由运输代理人向各托运人签发运输代理人（行）的提单。
※分提单（Separate B/L） 这是指承运人依照托运人的要求，将本来属于同一装货单 上其标志、货种、等级均相同的同一批货物，托运人为了 在目的港收货人提货方便，分开签多份提单，分属于几个 收货人，只有标志、货种、等级均相同的同一批货物才能 签发分提单，分提单一般除了散装油类最多不超过5套外， 其他货物并无限制。
①直达提单 DIRECT B/L （四）根据运输方式的不同划分 ②转船提单（Transshipment B/L） ③联运提单（Through B/L） ④多式联运提单（Multimodal transport B/L ，Intermodal transport B/L）
国际贸易提单术语
国际贸易提单术语1) 提单 BILL OF LADING是指一种用以证明海上运输合同和货物由承运人接管或装船，以及承运人据以保证在目的港交付的单证。
2) 货运提单 HOUSE B/L是指由货运代理人签发的提单。
货运提单往往是货物从内陆运出并运至内陆时签发的。
国际货代通常都使用此种提单。
一般货代为满足客户的倒签或其他船东无法满足的要求时也使用这种提单。
3) 船东提单 MASTER B/L是指由船东签发的提单。
4) 已装船提单 SHIPPED OR BOARD B/L指承运人向托运人签发的货物已经装船的提单。
5) 收货待运提单或待运提单 RECEIVED FOR SHIPPING B/L指承运人虽已收到货物但尚未装船时签发的提单。
6) 直达提单 DIRECT B/L指货物自装货港装船后，中途不经换船直接驶到卸货港卸货而签发的提单。
8) 联运提单或称转船提单 THROUGH B/L指承运人在装货港签发的中途得以转船运输而至目的港的提单。
9) 多式联运提单 MT B/L指货物由海上、内河、铁路、公路、航空等两种或多种运输方式进行联合运输而签的适用于全程运输的提单。
10) 班轮提单 LINER B/L班轮是在一定的航线上按照公布的时间表，在规定的港口间连续从事货运的船舶。
班轮可分定线定期和定线不定期两种。
11) 租船合同提单 CHARTER PARTY B/L一般指用租船承运租船人的全部货物，船东签给租船人的提单，或者并非全部装运租船人的货物，而由船东或租船人所签发的提单。
12) 记名提单 STRAIGHT B/L是指只有提单上指名的收货人可以提货的提单，一般不具备流通性。
13) 指示提单 ORDER B/L通常有未列名指示（仅写 ORDER ），列名指示（ ORDER OF SHIPPER 或 ORDER OF CONSIGNEE**COMPANY ； ORDER OF **BANK ）。
此种提单通过指示人背书后可以转让。
Seaway_Bill与提单
Seaway Bill是海运单,是证明海上运输合同和货物由承运人接管或装船,以及承运人保证交付货物给单证所载明的收货人的一种不可流通的单证,它不是物权凭证,故而不可转让.收货人不凭此提货而是凭到货通知提货,因此海运单收货人应填写实际的收货人的名称地址.海运提单(Marine Bill of Lading or Ocean Bill of Lading)，或简称为提单(Bill of Lading, B/L)是一种物权凭证,收货人据此提取货物,它可以背书转让,是一种重要的单据.我觉得海运提单用的多一些,不过近年来在欧洲北美及某些远东\中东地区贸易界也越来越倾向于使用不可转让海运单,主要是因为它可以方便买方即使提货,简化手续,节省费用.1、海运提单（Ocean B/L），它是承运人或其代理人收到货物后，签发给托运人的一种单证。
是承运人或其代理人签发的货物收据，是货物所有权的凭证，是运输契约或其证明。
而海运单（Sea Waybill），它的形式与作用同海运提单相似，其主要特点在于收货人已明确指定。
收货人并不需要提交正本单据，而仅需证明自己是海运单载明的收货人即可提取货物。
操作过程中和提单电放差不多的。
2、二者最主要的区别就是海运单不是物权凭证，而海运提单是。
3、由于海运单实质上是不可以转让的，它的应用范围比较窄，主要用于跨国公司成员之间的货物运输。
什么是海运单(Sea Waybill):海运单(SeaWaybill)，又称海上运送单或海上货运单，它是"承运人向托运人或其代理人表明货物已收妥待装的单据，是一种不可转让的单据，即不须以在目的港揭示该单据作为收货条件，不须持单据寄到，船主或其代理人可凭收货人收到的货到通知或其身份证明而向其交货"(引自1978年9月联合国欧洲经济委员会《Recommendation》) 使用海运单的好处海运单仅涉及托运人、承运人、收货人三方，程序简单，操作方便，有利于货物的转移。
海运提单BL空白版
海运提单BL空白版国际海运提单BILL OF LADING 空白版Date:SHIP FROMBILL OF LADINGPage 1 of ______Name: Address: City/State/Zip: SID#:SHIP TOBill of Lading Number: ________________________BAR CODE __B:__ NAME: _________________________________Name: Address: City/State/Zip: CID#:Location#: __________Trailer number: Seal number(s): SCAC: Pro number:FOB:THIRD PARTY __ __ BILL TO:Name: Address: City/State/Zip: __ __TIONS:BAR CODE SPACEFreight Charge Terms: (freight charges are prepaid unlessmarked otherwise)Prepaid ________(check box)Collect _______3rd Party ______Master Bill of Lading: with attached underlying Bills of Lading __NAL __ INFO__R ORDER NUMBER# PKGS__R ORDER __TION PALLET/SLIP WEIGHT(CIRCLE ONE)Y Y Y Y Y Y Y YN N N N N N N NGRAND __RRIER __TION __G UNITQTYTYPE__ QTY TYPE__TY __TION __.M. (X)Commodities requiring special or additional care or attention in handling or stowing must be so marked and packaged as to ensure safe transportation with ordinary care. See Section 2(e) of NMFC Item 360LTL __C# CLASS__NG STAM P SPACEWhere the rate is dependent on value, shippers are required to state specifically in writing the agreed or declared value of the property as follows:“The agreed or declared value of the property is specifically stated by the shipper to be not exceeding __________________ per ___________________.” __D, subject to individually determined rates or contracts that have been agreedupon in writing between the carrier and shipper, if applicable, otherwise to the rates, classifications and rules that have been established by the carrier and are available to the shipper, on request, and to all applicable state and federal regulations.GRAND TOTAL COD Amount:$ ______________________Fee Terms: Collect: Prepaid: Customer check acceptable: __(c)(1)(A) and (B).The carrier shall not make delivery of this shipment without payment of freight and all other lawful charges.NOTE Liability Limitation for loss or damage in this shipment may be applicable. See 49 U.S.C._______________________________________Shipper Signature__ __RE/ DATEThis is to certify that the above named materials are properly classified, packaged, marked and labeled, and are in proper condition for transportation according to the applicable regulations of the DOT.Trailer Loaded:By Shipper By DriverFreight Counted:By Shipper By Driver/pallets said to contain By Driver/Pieces__ __RE/ PICKUP DATECarrier acknowledges receipt of packages and required placards. Carrier certifies emergency response information was made available and/or carrier has theDOT emergency response guidebook or equivalent documentation in the vehicle. Property described above is received in good order, except as noted.。
Bill of Lading
Bill of Lading 海运提单A bill of lading is a receipt for goods shipped on board a vessel, signed by the person (or his agent) who contracts to carry them, and stating the conditions in which the goods were delivered to (and received by) the ship. It is not the actual contract, but forms excellent evidence of the terms of the contract. It is a document of title to the goods, enabling the shipper or owner of the goods to endorse title to other parties, sell goods in transit, and present to banks with other documents in seeking payment under documentary credits. Abbreviated generally as B/L, it is the most important document for sea transport.There are different types of bill of lading:（1）Shipped (On Board) B/L and received for shipment B/L已装船提单和备运提单·Shipped B/L is issued by the shipping company after the goods are actually shipped on board the designatedvessel. Since shipped bill of lading provides better guarantee for the consignee to receive the cargo at the destination, the importer will normally require the exporter to produce shipped B/L and most bill of lading forms are preprinted as “Shipped Bill”.·Received for Shipment B/L arises where the word “shipped” does not appear on the bill of lading. It merely confirms that the goods have been handed over to, and are in the custody of the shipowner. The buyer under a CIF contract will not accept such a B/L because, in the absence of the date of shipment, he is in no position to anticipate the arrival of the consignment.（2）Clean B/L and unclean B/L清洁提单和不清洁提单· A clean bill of lading is the one that states that the goods have been “shipped in apparent good order and condition”. It is issued when the goods do not show any defects on their exteriors at the time of loading at the port of shipment. This type is favored by the buyer and the banks for financial settlement purposes.·If defects are found on the exteriors of the goods, or the shipping company does not agree to any of the statements in the B/L, the bill will be marked as “unclean”, “foul” or “… packages in damaged condition”. Unclean B/L is usually unacceptable to the buyer and banks.（3）Straight, blank and order B/L记名、不记名和指示提单·Straight bill of lading has a designated consignee. Under this bill, only the named consignee at the destination is entitled to take delivery of the cargo. As it is not transferable, it is not commonly used in international trade and normally applies to high-value shipments or goods for special purposes.·Blank B/L also called Open B/L or Bearer B/L, means that there is no definite consignee of the goods. There usually appear in the box of consignee words lik e “To bearer”. Anyone who holds the bill is entitled to the goods the bill represents. No endorsement is needed for the transfer of the blank bill. Due to the exceedingly highrisk involved, this bill is rarely used.·Order B/L is widely used in international trade. It means that the goods are consigned or destined to the order of a named person. In the box of consignee, “To order”, “To order of the shipper”, or “To order of the consignee” is marked. It can be transferred only after endorsement is made. I f the B/L is made out “To order of the shipper”, the shipper will endorse the bill. If it is made out “To order of the consignee”, the consignee will endorse the bill to transfer it. A blank endorsement is usually required for a “To order” bill.（4）Direct, transshipment, through bill of lading 直运、转船和联运提单·Transhipment B/L means that the goods need to be transshipped at an intermediate port as there is no direct service between the shipment port and the destination port.·It is sometimes necessary to employ two or more carriers to get the goods to their final destination. In thiscase, usually the first carrier will sign and issue a through bill of lading. The on-carriage may be either by a second vessel or by a different form of transport.（5）Liner B/L, container B/L and combined transport B/L班轮、集装箱和多式联运提单·Liner bill of lading is issued by a liner company for shipment on scheduled port calls through scheduled routes.·Container B/L is becoming more common in use with the development of containerization. It covers the goods from port to port or from inland point of departure to inland point of destination.·Combined transport B/L is issued by combined transport operator that covers the multi-modal transport on a door-to-door basis in one contract of carriage. It is ideal for container movements. It differs from “through B/L” in that combined transport is operated by only one carrier.（6）Long form B/L and short form B/L全式提单和简式提单·Long form B/L is more detailed with shipping contract clause printed on the back of the page.·Short form B/L, as the name implies, is an abbreviated type of document, smaller and not containing the long list of detailed clauses that generally appear on bills of lading. In certain circumstances it may not, therefore, be considered a suitable form of evidence of contract or affreightment.（7）On Deck B/L, stale B/L, ante-dated B/L and advanced B/L舱面提单、过期提单、倒签提单和预签提单·On Deck B/L is issued when the cargo is loaded on the ship’s deck. It applies to goods like livestock, plants, dangerous cargo, or awkwardly-shaped goods that can not fit into the ship’s holds. In this case, the goods are exposed to greater risks and therefore usually specific insurance must be taken out against additional risks.·It is important that the Bill of Lading is available at the port of destination before the goods arrive or, failing this, at the same time. Bills presented to the consignee or buyer or his bank after the goods are due at the port of destination are described as “Stale Bs/L”. As a cargo cannot be collected by the buyer without the Bill of Lading, the late arrival of this all-important document may have undesirable consequences such as warehouse rent, etc. and therefore should be avoided. Sometimes especially in the case of short sea voyages, it is necessary to add a clause of “Stale B/L is acceptable”.·Ante-dated B/L means when the actual shipment date is later than that stipulated in the L/C, the carrier sometimes, at the shipper’s request, issues a B/L with a date of signature that suits the requirement so as to avoid non-acceptance by the bank. Due to the risk of the goods being rejected by the buyer arising from the issuance of such a bill, it is advisable to avoid this mal practice even when it seems necessary in certain circumstances.·Advanced B/L is issued when the expiry date of the L/C is due but the exporter hasn’t yet got the goods ready for shipment. The purpose of issuing such a bill is to negotiate payment with the bank in time within the validity of the L/C. it is also regarded as unlawful and risky and should be avoided.Still there are some other types of B/L such as Groupage B/L which covers a number of consignments from different shippers, and House B/L issued by a freight forwarder to each individual shipper, and so on. House B/L is issued By the freight forwarder before he gets one groupage B/L from the shipowner.All the above mentioned bills are not independent of each other. Several types may be combined into one like “Clean on board, to order, blank endorsed B/L”. A received for shipment bill may also be a straight and clean bill. Bills of lading are made out in sets, consisting of a number of originals (usually three) and a number of copies and marked” and “copy” respectively. Only the originals signed by the carrier enable the consignee totake delivery of the goods. The copies are just for reference.Types of Risks, Losses and Expenses Covered（1）Two types of risks are covered by ocean marine insurance:One is the perils of the sea, including both natural calamities and unexpected accidents. Natural calamities include heavy weather, lightening, Tsunami, earthquake, volcanic eruption and so on. Accidents refer to fire, explosion, vessel being stranded, grounded, sunk or capsized, collision or contact of vessel with any external object other than water, etc.The other type of risks is external (extraneous) risks including general external risks and special external risks. General external risks include theft and pilferage, contamination, leakage, breakage, sweating and/or heating, taint of odor, rusting, hook damage, fresh and/or rain water damage, short-delivery and non-delivery, shortage in weight, clashing and so on. Special risks include war, strike, failure to deliver due to some special laws or regulations.（2）Two types of losses are covered by marine cargo insurance. One is total loss and the other partial loss.Total loss is divided into actual total loss and constructive total loss. Actual total loss means the complete loss of the insured cargo in value.A constructive total loss occurs when the cost of salvaging the shipment would be more than the salvaged value of the merchandise. The shipment insured is reasonably abandoned as any further efforts at salvage would be fruitless. Most insurance policies provide for the payment of a total loss up to the insured amount.Partial loss means the loss of part of the insured cargo. It can be divided into generalaverage and particular average:General average is based upon a relationship between the shipowner and all the shippers who have cargo aboard the same vessel on a particular voyage. All these parties are bound together in the “adventure”. S ometimes, when the whole ship was threatened by a peril of the sea or some other hazard, in order to save he ship and some of the cargo or vessel have to be sacrificed, then an act of general average would be declared. According to maritime law, those interests whose property was saved must contribute proportionally to cover the losses of the one whose property was voluntarily sacrificed.·Particular average means a partial loss suffered by part of the cargo. It occurs when a storm or fire damages part of the shipper’s cargo and no one else’s cargo has to be sacrificed to save the voyage. The cargo owner whose goods were damaged or lost should refer to his insurance company, provided hispolicy covers the specific type of loss suffered.（3）Ocean cargo insurance also covers the expenses incurred to avoid or reduce the damage to or loss of the subject matter insured. There are mainly two types of expenses. One is sue and labor expenses paid by the assured or his agent. The other is salvage charge paid by the party other than the insurer and /or the insured.Main Types of Insurance 主要的保险种类There are mainly two types of insurance coverage, basic coverage and additional coverage. Basic coverage mainly includes FPA, WPA and All Risks. Additional coverage includes general additional coverage and special additional coverage.（1）FPA (Free from Particular Average) is alimited form of cargo insurance cover under which no partial loss or damage is recoverable. It only provides coverage for total losses and general average emerging from the actual “marine perils” like vessel being stranded, grounded or sunk.（2）WPA (With Particular average) is a wider cover than FPA. It provides extensive cover against all loss or damage due to marine perils throughout the duration of the policy, including partial loss or damage which may be attributed to natural calamities like heavy weather.（3）All Risks is the most comprehensive of the three basic coverages under which the insurer is responsible for all total or partial loss of, or damage to the goods insured either arising from sea perils or general external causes. However, it does not cover loss, damage or expense caused by delay, inherentvice or nature of the goods insured, or special external risks of war, strike, etc.（4）General additional risks include TPND (Theft, Pilferage and Non-delivery), Fresh and/or Rain Water Damage, Risk of Shortage, Risk of Intermixture and Contamination, Risk of Leakage, Risk of Clash and Breakage, Risk of Odor, Damage caused by Heating and/or Sweating, Hook Damage, Risks of Rust, etc. These additional risks can not be covered independently and should go with FPA or WPA and are included in All Risks coverage.（5）Special additional risks include War Risk, Strikes Risk(SRCC, Strikes, Riots & Civil Commotions), Failure to Delivery Risk, Import Duty Risk, On Deck Risk, Rejection Risk, etc., among which war risk and strikes risk are more common. These additional coverages are usually taken out together with FPA, WPA and All risks.To choose an insurance coverage that is both economical and effective, the exporter or the importer should be aware of the possible losses to be expected of a particular consignment. Different items have different natures and may apply to different insurance types. For example, cargo like iron ore faces little risk of partial loss, so FPA will be sufficient. Most manufactured goods are covered against All Risks as they are prone to damage caused by sea perils or external risks. It is important that the Bill of Lading is available at the port of destination before the goods arrive or, failing this, at the same time. Bills presented to the consignee or buyer or his bank after the goods are due at the port of destination are described as “Stale Bs/L”. As a cargo cannot be col lected by the buyer without the Bill of Lading, the late arrival of this all-important document may have undesirable consequences such aswarehouse rent, etc. and therefore should be avoided. Sometimes especially in the case of short sea voyages, it is necessary to add a clause of “Stale B/L is acceptable”.> shipping advice -- to importer ]. It is due.We have informed your agents,name], who will arrange for the consignment to be sent on to you, as you requested. Our bank's, will hand over the following documents once you have accepted our bill:We hope the goods will arrive in perfect condition and find a ready market in your country.Sincerely yours,Letter 11.As the contracted time of delivery is rapidly falling due, it is imperative that you inform us the delivery time without any further delay.Letter 21.Today we’ll ship the above consignment on board S.S“Nellore” which sails for your port tomorrow.2.Fill: fulfill; executeLetter 31.As our client requires us to ship the goods not later than July 15, please quote us for a shipping container from HongKong to the above mentioned port before that deadline2.Take loads: 装载Letter 41.There are about 2 to 3 sailings weekly from Shanghai to Hong Kong.2.Freight : 运费Letter 51. The main reason is that their steamers offer the shortest time for the journey between China and Germany. We shall appreciate it if you will endeavor to ship the consignments as follows.Letter 61. We enclose our invoice and shall present shipping documents and our draft for acceptance through the Royal Bank, Shanghai Office, as agreed. According to the terms of Contract No.318, shipment is to be effected by the 20th Jan., and we must have the B/L by the 31st at the latest. We trust you will ship the order within the stipulated time as any delay would cause us no little inconvenience and financial loss. We regret our inability to comply with your request for shipping the goods in early December, because the direct steamer sailingfor London calls at our Port only around the 20th every month.We are pleased to inform you that the goods under your Order No.1234 were shipped by the direct steamer “Red Star ” on Nov.30, and the relevant shipping samples had been dispatched to you by air before the steamer sailed.With regard to your Order No. 80 for 500 Sewing Machines, we shipped the goods by s.s. “East Wind”on 30th Nov. We trust that this shipment will arrive at your end shortly. Please let us have the comments of your end-users on the quality of our Sewing Machines.Write a letter to your customer to urge shipment of Blue Wollen Serge under Order No.5781. The relevant L/C has been extended to 31st match.Dear sirs,We wish to invite your attention to our Order No.5781 covering 500 pieces Blue Woolen Serge, forwhich we sent to you about 30 days ago an irrevocable L/C expiration date 31st March.As the season is rapidly approaching, our buyers are badly in need of the goods. We shall be very much obliged if you will effect shipment as soon as possible, thus enabling them to catch the brisk demand at the start of the season. We would like to emphasize that any delay in shipping our booked order will undoubtedly involve us in no small difficulty.We thank you in advance for your cooperation.Yours faithfully,。
海运业务词汇(常用海运英文)
海运业务词汇(常用海运英文)1. 运输术语Bill of Lading (B/L): 提单，是海运货物交接的凭证，证明承运人已收到货物并承诺按照合同条款运输。
Container: 集装箱，用于装载货物的标准尺寸的金属箱。
Freight: 货物，泛指运输的物品。
Charter Party: 租船合同，船东与租船人之间订立的协议，规定船舶的租赁条款。
Cargo Manifest: 货物清单，列明船上所有货物的详细信息。
Customs Clearance: 清关，指货物进出口时，必须经过海关的检查和批准。
2. 船舶术语Vessel: 船舶，泛指各种水上交通工具。
Ship: 船，通常指较大的船舶。
Barge: 驳船，用于运输货物的小型船只。
Hull: 船体，指船舶的主体结构。
Deck: 甲板，船舶的上层结构。
Hold: 货舱，用于装载货物的船舱。
Bridge: 驾驶室，船舶的指挥中心。
3. 货物类型Dry Bulk: 干散货，指非液体、非包装的散装货物，如煤炭、矿石等。
Liquid Bulk: 液体散货，指液体状态的散装货物，如原油、化学品等。
General Cargo: 杂货，指各种类型的货物，通常需要包装。
Reefer Cargo: 冷藏货物，指需要冷藏运输的货物，如冷冻食品、药品等。
Dangerous Goods: 危险品，指具有易燃、易爆、有毒等特性的货物。
4. 其他常用术语ETD (Estimated Time of Departure): 预计离港时间。
ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival): 预计到港时间。
Voyage: 航次，指船舶从一个港口到另一个港口的航行。
Port of Loading: 装货港，指货物装船的港口。
Port of Discharge: 卸货港，指货物卸船的港口。
Shipper: 托运人，指将货物交给承运人运输的人或公司。
Consignee: 收货人，指从承运人处接收货物的人或公司。
中职教育-《国际贸易英语》课件：Unit 9 Bill of Lading 提单.ppt
(3) THE B/L IS A DOCUMENT OF TITLE.
A document of title is one which the law recognizes as representing the goods so that the document can be transferred to a third party.
⑦ Direct Bill of Lading and Transhipment Bill of Lading（Through B/L)直达提单与转船提单
A direct B/L is the one which is issued in the case where the goods shipped on the vessel are required to be carried directly to the destination. If the goods are allowed to be transhipped onto another vessel to the destination, the B/L issued under this circumstance is called“ transhipment B/L ”whish is normally marked with the port where the goods are to be transhipped.
UNIT 9 BILL OF LADING (B/L) 提单
B/L is the most Important document in int’l shipping.
1. WHAT IS B/L?
B/L is a document issued by the master of the vessel or by his agent to evidence that goods have been shipped on the vessel and accepted. It is a document that shows details of goods (a consignment) and entitles the receiver (the consignee) to collect the goods on arrival.
海上货物运输法规课程4提单
海上货物运输法规课程-4：提单1. 提单的定义提单（Bill of Lading，简称B/L）是指在海上货物运输中，由承运人（船东或船运代理人）向货主（托运人）发给的一种书面凭证，用于证明货物的装运和接收。
2. 提单的作用提单在海上货物运输中具有以下几个重要的作用：2.1 货物的证明提单是证明货物已经交由承运人承运的正式文件。
货主可以根据提单上的信息证明自己对该批货物的所有权，并且可以通过提单来要求承运人交付货物。
2.2 货物的装运和交付提单记录了货物的装运日期、装运港口以及目的港口等信息，承运人在接收货物时需要与提单上的信息进行核对。
同时，承运人在目的港口通过提单来确认货物的交付给收货人。
2.3 证明货物状况和数量提单上通常会记录货物的状况、数量以及包装方式等信息，这些信息对于货物的损失、损坏以及索赔等问题都至关重要。
因此，提单可以作为货物状况和数量的证据。
2.4 货物的质押和转让提单上的货物所有权可以通过背书或转让来变更，货主可以将货物的所有权转让给其他人。
此外，提单还可以用作货物质押的凭证，货主可以通过将提单质押给银行来获取融资支持。
根据受益人的不同，提单可以分为以下几种类型：3.1 直达提单直达提单是将货物直接运输到目的港口的提单，承运人会在目的港口将货物交付给收货人。
这种提单通常用于整船运输或长途直达运输。
3.2 转运提单转运提单是指货物需要经过中转港口的提单，承运人会在中转港口将货物交付给中转代理人，中转代理人会负责将货物运输到最终目的地。
这种提单通常用于多式联运或者货物需要经过多个港口的情况。
3.3 分单分单是指将一份提单拆分为多份以便不同的收货人接收货物，每份分单都具有相同的信息，但只能由指定的收货人使用。
这种提单通常用于拆分整船货物或者一个提单有多个收货人的情况。
空白提单是指没有填写具体收货人信息的提单，任何持有空白提单的人都可以成为货物的合法受益人。
空白提单通常由货主签发，并且可以多次转让所有权。
hbl
、MB/L是船公司出的提单，只要有MB/L，任何人都可以在目的港直接向船公司提货。
HB/L是货代基于MB/L出的提单，需要在目的港的指定代理或分公司换取MB/L。
2、如果你想预付运费并快捷提货，就出MB/L，还可以省十几美金换单费。
如果你想控制货权、运费到付等，你就要出HB/L，或代可以帮你做到这些，当然、不是免费的。
3、如果你的货物不是整柜的，而是零散的货物，就一定只能出HB/L，因为船公司是不会帮你拼箱的，到目的港也不会帮你分货。
这种情况只能出HB/L。
4、如果你是做L/C的，但是你在规定的交货期生产不出来，上不了船，那么你可以选择出HB/L，并且要求货代帮你倒签提单。
当然这个也是不正规的做法，所以一般要你出担保函。
5、总之、船东单（MB/L）是最基本的物权凭证，但是死板，里面的许多条款你无法左右。
例如，深圳有多个码头，Y ANTIAN / SHEKOU / CHIW AN 等等，有些船公司提单的启运港就只能显示具体码头。
可是实际上许多客人开过来的L/C是要求启运港显示SHENZHEN，这个问题我碰到好几次了，一不小心就改L/C，要钱的啊。
货代单（HB/L）就相对灵活许多，可以按照你的要求修改，只要不违背原则就好。
并且可以控制货权。
但是这个也是它致命的地方，要知道，真正控制物权的是货代公司。
所以如果他想勒索你，你是很被动的，你手里的HB/L这时就像一张白纸，目的港不得到通知是不放货的。
所以，出货代单（HB/L）一定要找信誉好、有实力的货代公司。
所谓“前T/T”，即“预付货款”，对于出口商较为主动有利的结算品种。
汇款的另一种结算方式“后T/T”，又称“货到付款”，是一种有利于进口商，而不利于出口商的结算方式。
按照操作和付账方式又分为记帐(open account)、分期付款(installment) 寄售(consignment)。
“D/P 即期”就是出口国的托收行收到单据，审核无误后；寄给进口国的代收行，由代收行通知进口商前来付款赎单。
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Merchants agree to be bound by the terms and
Voy.no
conditions of this Bills of Lading as if each had
personlly signed this Bill of Lading.
SEE Clause 4 on the back of this Bill of Lading
CONTAINER LINES
LADEN ON BOARD THE VESSEL
DATE
BY
Combined Transport Bill of Lading.
Marks & nos.
No.of Desceiption of Goods (if
Gross Weight Kgs Measure
Container/Seal No. containers Dangerous) Goods, see
ment
or
Clause20)
Packages
Description of Contents for Shipper's Use Only(Not part of this B/L Contract) 10.Total Number of containers and/or packages(in words) Subject to Clause 7 Limitation
bined Transport* Pre-
carriage by
bined Transport* Place of Receipt
The carrier has issued the number of Bills of Lading stated below. all of this tenor and date. One of the original Billsof Lading must be
surrendered and endorsed or signedagainst the
delivery of the shipment and whereupon any
other original Bills of Lading shall be void. The
6.Ocean Vessel 7.Port of Loading
ORIGINAL Part-to-part or Combined Transport BILL OF LANDING
3.Notify Party insert Name, Address and Phone
RECEIVE in extemal apparent good order and
(it is agreed that no responsibillity shall to the
weights shown in This Bill of Lading are
Furnished by the Merchants. and Which the
carrier has no reasonable means of checking
is not a part of this Bill of lading contract.
8.Port of Discharge bined Transport*Place of (Terms continued on the back Hereof, piease
Delivery
read carefully).
*Applicable Only When Document Used as a
condition except as other-Wise noed. The total
Carrier or his agents for failure to notify)
number of packages or units stuffed in the
container The description of the goods and the
11.Freight & ChargesRevenue Tons
Pate Per
Prepaid
Collect
Declared Value Charge
Ex. Rate: Prepaid at
Payable at
Place and Date of issue
Total Prepaid
No. of Original B(s)/L Signed for the Carrier, COSCO
1.Shipper insert Name. Address and Phone 2.Cosignee insert Name, Address and Phone
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B/L No. 中远集装箱运输有限公司 COSCO CONTAINER LINES
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