2160259 电子商务(中英文)(2011)

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天津大学本科教学进程安排(计算机学院-计算机科学与技术)

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外语课程12学分（必修：英语读写译＋英语口语＋英语听力，选修：翻译、商务英语、英美文化、影视欣赏说四选一，西方文化、实用英语写作、英美文学、中国文化四选一，1为普通课程、2为提高课程）；文化素质明教育课程14学分（必修6学分，选修8学分，其中：“法律、经管、社会”、“环境、心理、健康”、“文学、历史、哲学”和艺术课程各2学分）。
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课程类别
课程性质
课程名称
课程编号
学分 22 10 2 2 2 2 2 10 3 3 2 2 10 2 2 2 2 2 12
总学时
授课学时
实验学时
上机学时
实践第一学年学 1 2 时
各学期周学时分配第二学年第三学年第四学年短 1 2短 1 2短 1 2
二、训练与健康类
课程类别课程性质
课程名称
课程编号
学分 4
总学时
授课学时
实验学时
上机学时
实践第一学年学 1 2 时
各学期周学时分配第二学年第三学年第四学年短 1 2短 1 2短 1 2
体育必体育训练与健康类军事必军事理论1 必集中军事训练1 健康教育必健康教育小计 4080001 5100057 5100058
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电子商务客户服务职业技能等级标准

电子商务客户服务职业技能等级标准一、范围本标准提出了电子商务客户服务职业技能等级对应的工作领域、工作任务及职业技能要求。

本标准适用于电子商务客户服务职业技能培训、考核与评价，相关用人单位的人员聘用、培训与考核可参照使用。

二、规范性引用文件下列文件对于本标准的应用是必不可少的。

GB/T1.1-2023《标准化工作导则》第1部分：标准的结构和编写GB/T36311电子商务管理体系要求GB/T35408电子商务质量管理术语三、术语和定义国家、行业标准界定的，以及下列术语和定义适用于本标准。

3.1电子商务电子商务是指通过互联网等信息网络销售商品或者提供服务的经营活动。

3.2客户服务客户服务主要体现了一种以客户满意为导向的价值观，它整合及管理在预先设定的最优成本一一服务组合中的客户界面的所有要素。

广义而言，任何能提高客户满意度的内容都属于客户服务的范围。

四、适用院校专业中等职业学校：市场营销、电子商务、跨境电子商务、国际商务、商务英语、市场营销、物流服务与管理、客户信息服务、茶艺与茶营销、跨境电子商务、移动商务、网络营销、景区旅游管理、休闲农业经营、农产品营销与储运、农资营销与服务、电力营销、汽车营销与服务、计算机应用、计算机平面设计、网站建设与管理、移动应用技术与服务、连锁经营与管理、商务助理、客户服务等专业。

高等职业学校：电子商务、跨境电子商务、移动商务、网络营销、商务数据分析与应用、市场营销、国际商务、商务英语、物流管理、茶艺与茶叶营销、农资营销与服务、市场营销与策划、汽车营销与服务、计算机应用技术、连锁经营、连锁经营管理、物流金融管理、采购与供应管理、休闲服务与管理、信息管理与信息系统、商务助理、工商企业管理、工商行政管理、人力资源管理、服务外包、国际经济与贸易、国际贸易实务、国际文化贸易、经济信息管理、商务经纪与代理、工程物流管理、冷链物流技术与管理、物流工程技术、物流金融管理、物流信息技术、商务管理等专业。

电商公司英语简介范文

电商公司英语简介范文Introduction to E-commerce Company.In the rapidly evolving landscape of global business, e-commerce companies have emerged as key players, revolutionizing the way we shop, sell, and interact with brands. Leveraging technology and innovation, these companies have broken geographical barriers, expanded market reach, and provided unprecedented convenience to consumers worldwide.Our e-commerce company, with its rich heritage and visionary leadership, has carved a niche in this competitive industry. Since its inception, it has been committed to delivering an unparalleled shopping experience to its customers, while simultaneously driving growth and profitability for its partners.Mission and Vision.Our mission is to simplify and enhance the shopping experience for our customers by providing a comprehensive range of products, competitive prices, and seamlesscheckout processes. We aim to make every transaction smooth, secure, and enjoyable, ensuring that our customers always look forward to shopping with us.Our vision is to become the preferred e-commerce destination for millions of customers across the globe. We envision a future where technology and innovation are harnessed to create personalized shopping experiences, tailored to the unique needs and preferences of each customer.Products and Services.Our e-commerce platform offers a diverse range of products across multiple categories, including electronics, fashion, home goods, and more. We source our products from trusted suppliers and brands, ensuring high-quality standards and authenticity.Apart from a vast product catalog, we also providevalue-added services such as express delivery, easy returns, and customer support. Our team of experts is alwaysavailable to assist customers with their queries and ensure a satisfying shopping experience.Technology and Innovation.Our e-commerce company believes that technology is the key to staying ahead in this competitive industry. We continuously invest in research and development to bring cutting-edge features and functionalities to our platform.Our website and mobile app are designed with the latest user interface and experience (UI/UX) trends, making it intuitive and enjoyable for customers to browse and shop. We also employ advanced analytics and data science techniques to understand customer behavior, preferences,and trends, enabling us to personalize their shopping experience.Sustainability and Social Responsibility.As a responsible e-commerce company, we are committedto sustainable business practices and social responsibility. We strive to reduce our carbon footprint by implementing green initiatives such as energy-efficient data centers, paperless operations, and recycling programs.We also prioritize fair trade and ethical sourcing, ensuring that our products are made in a sustainable and responsible manner. We partner with suppliers and brandsthat align with our values and commit to ethical business practices.Future Outlook.Looking ahead, our e-commerce company is excited about the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. With the rising trend of mobile shopping, social media integration, and artificial intelligence (AI)-powered personalization,we are poised to continue leading the industry.We will continue to innovate and adapt to changingcustomer needs and preferences, while maintaining our commitment to quality, convenience, and sustainability. We believe that by staying true to our mission and vision, we will continue to build a strong and lasting relationship with our customers, partners, and the community.In conclusion, our e-commerce company is committed to delivering an unparalleled shopping experience to our customers, while driving growth and profitability for our partners. With our focus on technology, innovation, sustainability, and social responsibility, we are excited about the future and look forward to creating even more value for our stakeholders.。

电子商务英语专业术语

Unit 3
Card reader 读卡器 Consumer-aggressive techniques 侵犯消费者权益的技术 Informaiton superhighway 信息高速公路 push marketing 推式营销 Pull marketing 拉式营销
电子交易商业指南列表财会系统商业需求信用等级技术解决方案门户网站内容网站
Information public Information private Informtion safety Dispatch management Distribute processes Access market
Relational database
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Flat model database
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Hierarchical model database
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Network model database
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Relational model database
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Conversion: 转型
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Backbone :主干
charge-free policy 免费政策
profit-making models 盈利模式
gross profit margin 毛利率
profit margin 边际利润率
sell product line 销售产品线
operating profit 营业利润
cost-cutting moves 成本消减措施 after-hours trading 盘后交易 fulfillment cost 实现成本 customer-service center 客服中心 e-taxe(electronic taxe) 电子税收 e-shop 网上商店 general counsel 法律总顾问

UL2556中文翻译

UL2556 2011译版通过UL UL安全标准的保护。

既不是一个标准的打印副本，也分布一个标准的软盘和分布软盘上的标准文件的软盘应以任何方式改变。

所有UL的标准和所有，所有权，和权利有关这些标准应保持了UL的唯一和排他性的财产。

本出版物的任何部分进行复制，存储在检索系统中，或任何形式的任何手段，电子，机械复印，录音，或以其他方式传播未经事先批准的UL。

UL安全标准的修订，不时发出。

一个是最新的UL安全标准只有当它采用了最近通过的修订。

UL提供本标准平方米²，没有任何形式的的担保，明示或暗示，包括但不限于对适销性或为任何目的的隐含担保。

在任何情况下，UL认证的任何特殊，偶然，必然，间接或类似的损害承担责任，包括利润损失，储蓄损失，数据丢失，或任何因使用或其他损害无法使用这个标准，即使UL或授权的UL代表的建议这种损害的可能性。

在任何情况下，UL的任何损害赔偿责任，不断超过支付的价格这个标准，无论索赔的形式。

UL将尝试回答有关其标准的电子版本的支持请求。

然而，这支持服务是提供一个合理的努力的基础上，和UL未必能解决所有支持请求。

只有他们正在使用的UL认证支持其标准的电子版本条件和操作系统，它的目的是。

UL的扶持政策可能会改变时间到时，恕不另行通知。

UL保留权利更改的格式，简报，文件类型和格式，交货方式和格式，和它的印刷版和电子标准，恕不另行通知。

UL安全标准的电子版本，买方同意维护，保障，并举行UL认证无害和反对任何损失，费用，责任，损失，索赔，或判决（包括合理的律师费）引入任何错误或偏差造成的，而买方存储购买者的计算机系统上的电子标准。

如果购买一个单用户版电子标准，本标准的一个副本可以存储在一台个人计算机的硬盘，或在一个单一的局域网的文件服务器或永久存储在这种方式的多用户电脑设备，这一标准只能由一个用户访问的时间和为没有多个并发访问的可能性。

如果多用户版电子标准购买，可以存储在一个标准的副本一个单一的局域网文件服务器，或在多用户计算机的永久性存储设备，或Intranet 服务器。

2016跨境电商正面清单hs编号表

0801320000 鲜或干的去壳腰果 0802110000 鲜或干的未去壳扁桃仁 0802120000 鲜或干的去壳扁桃仁 0802220000 鲜或干的去壳榛子 0802310000 鲜或干的未去壳核桃 0802320000 鲜或干的去壳核桃 0802510000 鲜或干的未去壳阿月浑子果（开心果） 0802520000 鲜或干的去壳阿月浑子果（开心果）鲜或干的其他未去壳马卡达姆坚果(夏 0802619000 威夷果) 0802620000 鲜或干的去壳马卡达姆坚果(夏威夷果) 0802903010 鲜或干的红松子仁 0802903020 鲜或干的其他濒危松子仁 0802903090 鲜或干的其他松子仁 0802909010 鲜或干的榧子、红松子 0802909020 鲜或干的其他濒危松子 0802909030 鲜或干的巨籽棕（海椰子）果仁 0802909040 鲜或干的碧根果 0802909090 鲜或干的其他坚果 0803900000 鲜或干的香蕉 0804100000 鲜或干的椰枣 0804200000 鲜或干的无花果 0804300001 鲜菠萝 0804300090 干菠萝 0804400000 鲜或干的鳄梨 0804501001 鲜番石榴 0804501090 干番石榴 0804502001 鲜芒果 0804502090 干芒果 0804503000 鲜或干的山竹果 0805100000 鲜或干的橙 0805400001 鲜葡萄柚，包括鲜柚 0805400090 干葡萄柚，包括干柚 0805500000 鲜或干的柠檬及酸橙 0805900000 鲜或干的其他柑橘属水果 0806100000 鲜葡萄 0806200000 葡萄干 0808100000 鲜苹果 0809290000 其他鲜樱桃 0809400001 鲜梅 0809400090 鲜李子 0810400000 鲜蔓越桔及越桔 0810600000 鲜榴莲 0810905000 鲜蕃荔枝 0810909001 鲜枣 0810909002 鲜枇杷 0810909010 鲜的翅果油树果 0810909090 其他鲜果 0813100000 杏干 0813200000 梅干及李干 0813300000 苹果干 0813401000 龙眼干、肉 0813403000 干红枣 0813409010 翅果油树干果

TPS2554 and TPS2555 Evaluation Module User's Guide

User's GuideSLVU462–June2011TPS2554and TPS2555Evaluation Module This user’s guide describes the evaluation module(EVM)for the TPS2554and TPS2555.TPS2554and TPS2555are precision-adjustable,current-limited,power-distribution switches.The document contains an operational description of the EVM,schematic,board layout,and bill of materials.Contents1Description (2)1.1Features (2)1.2Applications (2)2Schematic (3)3General Configuration and Description (4)3.1Physical Access (4)3.2Current-Limit Setpoint (4)3.3Test Setup (4)4EVM Assembly Drawings and Layout Guidelines (5)4.1Layout Guidelines (5)4.2PCB Drawings (5)5Bill of Materials (8)List of Figures1TPS2554/5EVM Schematic (3)2Typical TPS2554/5EVM Test Setup (5)3Top-Side Placement and Routing (6)4Layer-Two Routing (6)5Layer-Three Routing (7)6Bottom-Side Placement and Routing (7)List of Tables1User Interface (4)2Test Points (4)3EVM Bill of Materials (8)1 SLVU462–June2011TPS2554and TPS2555Evaluation Module Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright©2011,Texas Instruments IncorporatedDescription 1DescriptionThe TPS2554EVM-010evaluation module allows reference circuit evaluation of the Texas Instruments TPS2554and TPS2555power-distribution switches.1.1Features•Precision adjustable,current-limited,power-distribution switch•Fast overcurrent response–1µs typical•80-mΩ,high-side MOSFET•Operating range:4.5V to5.5V1.2Applications•USB ports/hubs•Notebook personal computers(PC)2TPS2554and TPS2555Evaluation Module SLVU462–June2011Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright©2011,Texas Instruments IncorporatedGeneral Configuration and Description 3General Configuration and Description3.1Physical AccessTable1lists the TPS2554/5EVM connector functionality,and Table2describes the test point availability.er InterfaceConnector Label DescriptionJ1VIN Input connectorJ2VOUT Output connectorJ3J3Input voltage jumper.Shunt can be removed to measure input current.J4J4Output voltage jumper.Shunt can be removed to measure output current.J5EN Enable jumper.Leave open to enable TPS2554and install shunt to enable TPS2555.J6ILIM_SEL Current limit select.Install shunt to select ILIM0(2.4A nominal),and remove shunt toselect ILIM1(1.2A nominal).D1(RED)FLT Fault LEDTable2.Test PointsTest Point Color Label DescriptionTP3RED IN Power switch input(IC side of J3shunt)TP4BLK GND Power switch input groundTP1WHT FLT Fault pin outputTP2RED VOUT Power switch outputTP5BLK GND Power switch output groundTP6WHT EN Enable pin input3.2Current-Limit SetpointR4and R5configure the current-limit setpoint for ILIM0and ILIM1,respectively(see J6in Table1).ILIM0or ILIM1setpoint can be adjusted using the following example by substituting R4or R5for RILIMx .In thisexample IOS=2A.The following example is an approximation only and does not take into account the resistor tolerance or the variation of ILIM.For exact variation of ILIM,see the TPS2554/TPS2555data sheet,SLVSAM0.IOS=48000/RILIMx=2ARILIMx=48000/IOS=48000/2=24000ΩChoose RILIMx=23.7kΩIOS=48000/23700=2.03A3.3Test SetupFigure2shows a typical test setup for TPS2554/5EVM.4TPS2554and TPS2555Evaluation Module SLVU462–June2011Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright©2011,Texas Instruments IncorporatedV INOscilloscope EVM Assembly Drawings and Layout GuidelinesFigure2.Typical TPS2554/5EVM Test Setup4EVM Assembly Drawings and Layout Guidelines4.1Layout Guidelines•TPS2554/55placement:Place the TPS2554/55near the USB output connector and the150-µF OUT pin filter capacitor.Connect the exposed pad to the GND pin and the system ground plane using a viaarray.•IN pin bypass capacitance:Place the100-nF bypass capacitor near the IN and GND pins,and make the connection using a low-inductance trace.•ILIM0and ILIM1pin connections:Current-limit accuracy can be compromised by stray current leakage from a higher voltage source to the ILIM0or ILIM1pins.Ensure that adequate spacing existsbetween IN pin copper/trace and ILIM0pin trace to prevent contaminate buildup during the PCBassembly process.If a low-current-limit setpoint is required(RILIMx >200kΩ),use ILIM1for this case,as it is further away from the IN pin.4.2PCB DrawingsThe Figure3through Figure6show component placement and layout of the EVM.5 SLVU462–June2011TPS2554and TPS2555Evaluation Module Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright©2011,Texas Instruments IncorporatedEVM Assembly Drawings and Layout Guidelines Figure 3.Top-Side Placement and RoutingFigure yer-Two Routing6TPS2554and TPS2555Evaluation ModuleSLVU462–June 2011Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright ©2011,Texas Instruments Incorporated EVM Assembly Drawings and Layout Guidelinesyer-Three RoutingFigure6.Bottom-Side Placement and Routing7 SLVU462–June2011TPS2554and TPS2555Evaluation Module Submit Documentation FeedbackCopyright©2011,Texas Instruments IncorporatedEvaluation Board/Kit Important NoticeTexas Instruments(TI)provides the enclosed product(s)under the following conditions:This evaluation board/kit is intended for use for ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT,DEMONSTRATION,OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY and is not considered by TI to be a finished end-product fit for general consumer use.Persons handling the product(s)must have electronics training and observe good engineering practice standards.As such,the goods being provided are not intended to be complete in terms of required design-,marketing-,and/or manufacturing-related protective considerations, including product safety and environmental measures typically found in end products that incorporate such semiconductor components or circuit boards.This evaluation board/kit does not fall within the scope of the European Union directives regarding electromagnetic compatibility,restricted substances(RoHS),recycling(WEEE),FCC,CE or UL,and therefore may not meet the technical requirements of these directives or other related directives.Should this evaluation board/kit not meet the specifications indicated in the User’s Guide,the board/kit may be returned within30 days from the date of delivery for a full refund.THE FOREGOING WARRANTY IS THE EXCLUSIVE WARRANTY MADE BY SELLER TO BUYER AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES,EXPRESSED,IMPLIED,OR STATUTORY,INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE.The user assumes all responsibility and liability for proper and safe handling of the goods.Further,the user indemnifies TI from all claims arising from the handling or use of the goods.Due to the open construction of the product,it is the user’s responsibility to take any and all appropriate precautions with regard to electrostatic discharge.EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT OF THE INDEMNITY SET FORTH ABOVE,NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER FOR ANY INDIRECT,SPECIAL,INCIDENTAL,OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.TI currently deals with a variety of customers for products,and therefore our arrangement with the user is not exclusive.TI assumes no liability for applications assistance,customer product design,software performance,or infringement of patents or services described herein.Please read the User’s Guide and,specifically,the Warnings and Restrictions notice in the User’s Guide prior to handling the product.This notice contains important safety information about temperatures and voltages.For additional information on TI’s environmental and/or safety programs,please contact the TI application engineer or visit /esh.No license is granted under any patent right or other intellectual property right of TI covering or relating to any machine,process,or combination in which such TI products or services might be or are used.FCC WarningThis evaluation board/kit is intended for use for ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT,DEMONSTRATION,OR EVALUATION PURPOSES ONLY and is not considered by TI to be a finished end-product fit for general consumer use.It generates,uses,and can radiate radio frequency energy and has not been tested for compliance with the limits of computing devices pursuant to part15 of FCC rules,which are designed to provide reasonable protection against radio frequency interference.Operation of this equipment in other environments may cause interference with radio communications,in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be required to correct this interference.EVM Warnings and RestrictionsIt is important to operate this EVM within the input voltage range of0V to5.5V and the output voltage range of0V to5.5V. Exceeding the specified input range may cause unexpected operation and/or irreversible damage to the EVM.If there are questions concerning the input range,please contact a TI field representative prior to connecting the input power.Applying loads outside of the specified output range may result in unintended operation and/or possible permanent damage to the EVM.Please consult the EVM User's Guide prior to connecting any load to the EVM output.If there is uncertainty as to the load specification,please contact a TI field representative.During normal operation,some circuit components may have case temperatures greater than85°C.The EVM is designed to operate properly with certain components above85°C as long as the input and output ranges are maintained.These components include but are not limited to linear regulators,switching transistors,pass transistors,and current sense resistors.These types of devices can be identified using the EVM schematic located in the EVM User's Guide.When placing measurement probes near these devices during operation,please be aware that these devices may be very warm to the touch.Mailing Address:Texas Instruments,Post Office Box655303,Dallas,Texas75265Copyright©2011,Texas Instruments IncorporatedIMPORTANT NOTICETexas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries(TI)reserve the right to make corrections,modifications,enhancements,improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice.Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete.All products are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment.TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty.Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty.Except where mandated by government requirements,testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design.Customers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components.To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications,customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards.TI does not warrant or represent that any license,either express or implied,is granted under any TI patent right,copyright,mask work right, or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination,machine,or process in which TI products or services are rmation published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement e of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property of the third party,or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI.Reproduction of TI information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties,conditions,limitations,and notices.Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive business practice.TI is not responsible or liable for such altered rmation of third parties may be subject to additional restrictions.Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that product or service voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice.TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements.TI products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications(such as life support)where a failure of the TI product would reasonably be expected to cause severe personal injury or death,unless officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governing such use.Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications,and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal,regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of TI products in such safety-critical applications,notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be provided by TI.Further,Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products in such safety-critical applications.TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products are specifically designated by TI as military-grade or"enhanced plastic."Only products designated by TI as military-grade meet military specifications.Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of TI products which TI has not designated as military-grade is solely at the Buyer's risk,and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use. TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products are designated by TI as compliant with ISO/TS16949requirements.Buyers acknowledge and agree that,if they use any non-designated products in automotive applications,TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements.Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions:Products ApplicationsAudio /audio Communications and Telecom /communicationsAmplifiers Computers and Peripherals /computersData Converters Consumer Electronics /consumer-appsDLP®Products Energy and Lighting /energyDSP Industrial /industrialClocks and Timers /clocks Medical /medicalInterface Security /securityLogic Space,Avionics and Defense /space-avionics-defense Power Mgmt Transportation and /automotiveAutomotiveMicrocontrollers Video and Imaging /videoRFID Wireless /wireless-appsRF/IF and ZigBee®Solutions /lprfTI E2E Community Home Page Mailing Address:Texas Instruments,Post Office Box655303,Dallas,Texas75265Copyright©2011,Texas Instruments Incorporated。

电子商务中英文翻译

工商企业管理二班王建稳12292330051E-commerce is coming of ageThe 21st century are the information time, the tertiary industry unceasingly rise in the various countries' proportion, specially service industry, information service industry becomes for the 21stcentury the leading industries, this has caused the electronic commerce production and the development in the global information is under the influence which the situation drives, the various countries' electronic commerce unceasing improvement and the consummation, the electronic commerce is a focal point which each country and each big company capture. And, along with the whole world electronic commerce swift and violent development, the electronic commerce scale expands day by day, if US in 2000 the electronic commerce amounts to 488.7 billion US dollars, Japanese 31.9 billion US dollars, German 20.6 billion US dollars. Thereupon, the various countries unceasingly opens sends out the form to be diverse, the characteristic each different electronic commerce solution. But, because various countries and some international organization to electronic commerce understanding existence difference, thus the formulation and implementation development electronic commerce policy also has the obvious difference between the country and the country electronic commerce live agent lacks the effective coordinated mechanism to develop slowly, simultaneously a country interior electronic commerce activity also because of lacks the effective policy safeguard to receive the restriction. Therefore, the research discussion electronic commerce present situation and the formulation implementation appropriate electronic commerce policy question extremely is urgent. But in our country, the computer and the network technology popularization and the development, the electronic commerce rapidly rises, the multitudinous information technology enterprise, the venture capital company, the production circulation enterprise develops the electronic commerce in abundance. Looked from national Economical trade committee to more than 630 enterprises' investigations that, at present enterprise in Internet application and development electronic commerce aspect, eastern area enterprise good to middle area, middle is markets. But many record shops and travel agents could be in for a tougher time. Erik Blachford, the head of IAC’s travel side and boss of Expedia, the biggest internet travel agent, thinks online travel bookings in America could quickly move from 20% of the market to more than half. Mr Bezos reckons online retailers might capture 10-15% of retail sales over the next decade. That would represent a massive shift in spending. How will traditional shops respond? Michael Dell, the founder of Dell, which leads the personal-computer market by selling direct to the customer, has long thought many shops will turn into showrooms. There are already signs of change on the high street. The latest Apple and Sony stores are designed to display products, in the full expectation that many people will buy online. To some extent, the online and offline worlds may merge. Multi-channel selling could involve a combination of traditional shops, a printed catalogue, a home-shopping channel on TV, a phone-in order service and an e-commerce-enabled website. But often it is likely to be the website where customers will be encouraged to place their orders. One of the biggest commercial advantages of the internet is a lowering of transaction costs, which usually translates directly into lower prices for the consumer. So, if the lowest prices can be found on the internet and people like the service they get, why would they buy anywhere else?One reason may be convenience; another, concern about fraud, which poses the biggest threat to online trade. But as long as the internet continues to deliver price and product information quickly, cheaply and securely, e-commerce will continue to grow. Increasingly, companies will have to assume that customers will know exactly where to look for the best buy. This market has the potential to become as perfect as it gets. Certain products or services appear more suitable for online sales; others remain more suitable for offline sales. While credit cards are currently the most popular means of paying for online goods and services, alternative online payments will account for 26% of e-commerce volume by 2009 according to Celent. Many successful purely virtual companies deal with digital products, (including information storage, retrieval, and modification), music, movies, office supplies, education, communication, software, photography, and financial transactions. Examples of this type of company include: Google, eBay and Paypal. Other successful marketers such as use Drop shipping or Affiliate marketing techniques to facilitate transactions of tangible goods without maintaining real inventory. Examplesinclude numerous sellers on eBay. Virtual marketers can sell some non-digital products and services successfully. Such products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio, they may involve embarrassing purchases, they may typically go to people in remote locations, and they may have shut-ins as their typical purchasers. Items which can fit through a standard letterbox — such as music CDs, DVDs and books —are particularly suitable for a virtual marketer, and indeed , one of the few enduring dot-com companies, has historically concentrated on this field. Products such as spare parts, both for consumer items like washing machines and for industrial equipment like centrifugal pumps, also seem good candidates for selling online. Retailers often need to order spare parts specially, since they typically do not stock them at consumer outlets -- in such cases, e-commerce solutions in spares do not compete with retail stores, only with other ordering systems. A factor for success in this niche can consist of providing customers with exact, reliable information about which part number their particular version of a product needs, for example by providing parts lists keyed by serial number. Purchases of pornography and of other sex-related products and services fulfill the requirements of both virtuality (or if non-virtual, generally high-value) and potential embarrassment; unsurprisingly, provision of such services has become the most profitable segment of e-commerce. There are also many disadvantages of e-commerce. one of the main ones is fraud. This is where your details (name, bank card number, age, national insurance number) are entered into what look to be a safe site but really it is not. These details can then be used to steal money from you and can be used to buy things on line that you are completely unaware of until it is too late. this information is leaked into the wrong hands. People are able to steal your identity, and commit more fraud crimes under your name. Finally there are many problems with e commerce some of which are: Failure understands customers why they buy and how they buy. Even a product with a sound value proposition can fail if producers and retailers do not understand customer habits, expectations, and motivations. E-commerce could potentially mitigate this potential problem with proactive and focused marketing research, just as traditional retailers may do. Failure consider the competitive situation. One may have the will to construct a viable book e-tailing business model, but lack the capability to compete with Amazon. Inability predicts environmental reaction. What willcompetitors do? Will they introduce competitive brands or competitive web sites? Will they supplement their service offerings? Will they try to sabotage a competitor's site? Will price warsbreak out? What will the government do? Research into competitors, industries and markets may mitigate some consequences here, just as in non-electronic commerce. Over-estimation of resource competence. Can staff, hardware, software, and processes handle the proposed strategy? Have e-tales failed to develop employee and management skills? These issues may call for thorough resource planning and employee training. Products less suitable for e-commerce include products that have a low value-to-weight ratio, products that have a smell, taste, or touch component, products that need trial fittings —most notably clothing —and products where color integrity appears important. Nonetheless, has had success delivering groceries in the UK, albeit that many of its goods are of a generic quality, and clothing sold through the internet is big business in the U.S. Also, the recycling program Cheapcycle sells goods over the internet, but avoids the low value-to-weight ratio problem by creating different groups for various regions, so that shipping costs remain low.译文：电子商务是时代的到来21世纪是信息时代，第三产业不断上升，在各国的比重，特别是服务业，信息服务业成为，21世纪的主导产业，这导致了电子商务的产生和发展，在全球信息该驱动器的情况的影响下，各国的电子商务不断的改进和完善，电子商务是每一个国家和每一个大公司捕捉的焦点。

电子商务专业英语单词及相关术语

电子商务专业英语单词及有关术语"advancement, payment on account"垫付"fair, meeting"洽商会"off-grade goods, rejects"等外品"two-for-one offer, buy one get one free"买一送一IPRs (Intellectual property rights)知识产权20% off / 20% discount八折above target profit超目标收益active balance of payments；balance of payments surplus国际进出顺差administered price内订价Administrative sanction行政处罚advance notification of payment支付前通知advance shipment notice装运前通知adverse balance逆差adverse balance of trade. trade deficit. trade gap贸易逆差Adverse inference反向推测after-sale service售后服务agency；agent ；attorney ；proxy代理人agents commission代理费agreement tariff协议关税airport construction fee机场建设费amount of fund raised筹资额amount of subscribed capital出资额anti-fake label防伪标记anti-smuggling缉私anti-subsidy duty反补助税articles of daily use日用百货articles of handicraft art工艺品articles to be declared应申报物件articles under customs seal海关加封物件assistance in kind实物救助at fair price / reasonable price价钱公正attract foreign capital吸引外资attract foreign investment对外招商attract/bid for/invite investments (from overseas)招商引资authentication身份认证authority of agency；power of agency；proxy代理权automated clearing houses自动互换中心automated teller machine (ATM)自动取款机award of contract定标backing support担保贮备balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支balance of payments account 国际进出账户balance of trade 贸易差额 banker ’s order 按期付款指令Banking exchange system银行结售汇系统bar code 商品条码bar coding条形码bargain chip谈判的筹码bargain 侃价bargain-priced goods特价商品base tariff level基础税率bazaar 集市be cleared by the customs通关be commissioned to sell代售be on sale上市be on the sale / selling行销be reluctant to sell out惜售bean product豆制品bid for. tender for招标bid opening开标 bid proposals招标报价书bidder 招标人big offering大贱卖Bill of Lading提单blind signature伪署名bond note海关保税输出证bonded area保税区bonded warehouse ；customs warehouse保税库房border free trade zone边疆自由贸易区border trade边疆贸易border trade point边贸点brand effect品牌效应brandnames名牌货breach of contrac违犯合同break-even analysis保本剖析bridal market新婚市场(指买卖兴盛的市场) bucket shop谋利商号built-in agenda既定日程bull operation哄抬价钱Bulletin Board Service (BBS)通告板服务Burden of proof举证责任Business flourishes买卖兴旺business hours营业时间business lobby营业厅business registration certificate工商登记证business registration工商登记buyer ’s market买方市场buyers market买方市场by-product / sideline product副产品call for bid / tender invitation招标capacity of the market市场容量capital export资本输出capital preservation product保本产品cargo / supervision and central over freight transport货运看管Carrier承运人cash price现金价cash register收款机catalogue产品目录ceiling price最高限价central business district (CBD)中央商务区certification authority认证机构certified goods / up-to standard goods正品charges花费区分cheap goods大路货checking核对chose in action. intangible assets无形财产clearance paper出入港允许证clearance price清仓价clearance sale. be on sale甩卖collapse / crash/ heavy decline / slump/ nose-dive /plunge暴跌collection of duty征收关税collection of duty short-paid补税combined operation/ management合业经营commerce net商务网Commercial presence商业存在commercial service商业服务commercial speculation商业炒作commercialization商品化commercialization of public housing公房商品化commission agent代销店commodities for the home market内销商品commodity circulation商品流通commodity inspection 商品检验corporate trade exchange企业交易汇兑corporate trade payments企业交易支付cost and freight成本加运费cost insurance and freight（CIF) ；freight到岸价钱cost price 成本价；原价cost, insurance and freight (CIF)到岸价钱costs of EDI电子数据互换成本countercharge ；counterclaim反诉counterfeit and shoddy products冒充伪劣产品crack down on counterfeit goods打假credit card信誉卡cross border supply跨境交托（服务贸易）Cross-border supply跨境交托currency fluctuation；currency movement汇率改动currency server钱币服务器customs bond 海关保税customs certificate海关证明书customs clearance结关customs clearance清关customs clearing procedure for export出口报关手续Customs Co-operation Council海关合作理事会customs decision海关处罚通知单customs declaration报关customs declaration for goods货物报关单customs detention海关拘禁customs draw back海关退税customs entry报关customs examination验关customs fine海关罚款customs formalities海关手续customs frontier关税国境customs house broker报关行customs inspection海关检检验关customs inspector海关检查员customs invoice海关发票Customs Law 《海关法》Customs Liquidation清关customs rules and regulations海关规章制度及法律commodity inspection and testing bureau商品检验局Commodity Inspection Bureau商检局comparable price可比价钱竞投 competitive bidding竟价招标concluded price成交价Condemned Goods有问题的货物conditional sale. tie-in sale搭售consumer EDI 花费者电子数据互换consumer price index (CPI)花费物价指数consumers’association花费者协会consumption abroad境外花费contract for sales包销contract sale合同销售contract term of a joint venture合营限期contracting party合同当事人contracting party合约方contracts of carriage and insurance运输和保险合同contractual joint venture合作经营contractual obligation合约责任contractual obtigation合同义务contractual provision；contractual terms合同条款contractual right合同权益controlling foreign equity外商控股。

电商英语词汇1

A Access Method 网络的访问方法1、Access Right访问（存取）权3、Accounts 网络账号4、Accounting Services 记账服务5、Acknowledgment 确认6、Address Resolution Protocol(ARP)网址解决协议7、Addresses of Electronic Mail电子邮件地址8、Address of Network 网络地址9、Advertise online 网络广告10、Alpha 阿尔法试验11、Ask Job on Internet 网上求职12、Advertisement on Internet 网上广告13、AAMOF 事实上14、AFAIK 据我所知15、Angels 网络投资者16、ASAP 尽快17、Agent 代理程序18、Alpha AXP, DEC 数字设备公司的电脑系统19、Amazon Business Model 亚马逊商务模式20、American National Standards Institute(ANSI) 美国国家标准协会21、Anonymous File Transfer Protocol 匿名文件传输协议22、AOL（American Online）美国在线23、Application Services Proviver(ASP) 网络应用服务供应商24、Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line(ADSL)异步数字用户线25、At Work Architecture, Microsoft Auditing 网络运作体系结构26、Authentication and Authorization 验证和授权27、RSA 数据安全B Backbone Networks 骨干网络29、Backup and Data Archiving备份与归档30、Bandwidth 带宽31、B to B (Business toBusiness) 企业间的电子交易32、BBC Model BBC 模式33、B to C 电子零售，企业对消费者的交易34、Biz. 商业类新闻讨论组35、BBIAB 马上回来36、BBIAF 以后见37、BBL稍后便回38、BBYE 再见39、BTW 顺便提一下40、Bits and Bytes 比特与字节41、Business Software 商业软件42、Bookmark 书签43、Bookstore Online 网上书店44、BGP 边界网关协议45、Bridge 网桥46、Broadband ISDN(B-ISDN) 宽带综合业务数字网47、Broadband Service 宽带服务48、Browser 浏览器48、Browsing 浏览49、Bulletin Board System (BBS)电子公告栏50、Buy Online 网上购物C Commercial Software 商业软件52、Cyber economy 网络经济53、CES（Consumer ElectronicsShow）消费性电子用品展54、Carrier 电信公司55、CD 光盘56、CEO(Chief ExecutiveOfficial) 首席执行官57、CGI（Common GatewayInterface）通用网关接口58、Channel 信道，通道，频道59、Certification Systems 确认认证系统60、Client/Server 客户服务器61、Principal and SubordinateStructure 主从结构62、Client-Server LANProtocol 客户服务器局域网络协议63、Client Software 用户端软件64、Command Line Account 命令行账户65、Commerce Net 商业网66、Commercial Online Service商业在线服务67、Comparative Buy 比较购物68、Common Mail Calls(CMC) 共同邮件呼叫69、Communication 通讯70、Communication Server 通讯服务器71、Computer Network 计算机网络72、Consumer Online 网络消费者73、CRM（Customer RelationshipManagement）客户关系管理74、Cryptography 密码术75、C to C 消费者之间的交易76、CPM 每千人收费77、Cybercafés 网吧78、CNNIC（China internetnetwork information center）中国互联网络信息中心79、Customer Online 在线顾客、客户80、CWIS（Campus WideInformation System）全校园信息系统81、Cyber investigate forConsumer 网络消费者调查82、Cyberspace 网络空间D Data Base ManagementSystem (DBMS) 数据库管理系统84、Database Server 数据库服务器85、Data Communications 数据通信86、Data Encryption Standard(DES) 数据加密标准87、Datagram Delivery Protocol(DDP) 数据报传送协议88、Datagram Network Services 数据报网络服务89、Data Highway 数据高速公路90、Data Management 数据管理91、Data Migration 数据转移92、Data Protection 数据保护93、Data Transfer Rates 数据传输率94、Digital Cash 数字现金95、Dotcom(.com) 互联网络公司96、Desktop 台式计算机97、Dialup Line 拨号线98、Digital Certificate 数字凭证99、Digital Recording 数字录制100、Digital Signatures 数字签名101、Directory Management 目录管理102、Directory Services 目录服务103、Directory Services, Netware Netware 的目录服务器104、Directory Tree 目录树状结构105、Distributed Computing 分布式计算机106、Distributed Data Base 分布式数据库107、Document Management 文件管理108、Domain Name Service(DNS) 域名服务109、Domains 域110、Download 下载111、Dynamic Data Exchange(DDE) 动态数据交换112、Dynamic Routing 动态路由E E-book 电子图书114、Ecash 电子现金115、Electronic Mall 电子购物中心116、Electronic money 电子货币117、Eyeball Economy “眼球”经济118、E-wallet 电子钱包119、E-banking 网上银行120、EC（Electronic Commerce）电子商务121、EC Website in China 中国电子商务网站122、EC of Wireless 无线电子商务123、Electronic DataInterchange(EDI) 电子数据交换124、Electronic Mail 电子邮件125、E-Traditional Industry传统产业的电子化126、E-Mail System andStandard 电子邮件系统和标准127、SMTP 互联网简易邮件传输协议128、Novell, MHS 信息管理服务系统129、Constitute ProjectE-Mail System 建立企业电子邮件系统130、E-Mail ApplicationProgram Interface Standard电子邮件应用程序接口标准131、Electronic Business 电子商务132、E-Marketplace 电子交易市场133、E-journal 电子刊物134、Enterprise Network 企业网135、E-zine 电子杂志136、Extranet 企业外部互联网137、EBay() 电子港湾138、Electronic MailBroadcasts to a RoamingComputer (EMBARC)对移动计算机的电子邮件广播139、E-Consumer 电子消费者140、ECR（Electronic CashRegister）电子收款机141、ECP （Enterprise CustomerPortal）企业客户门户142、EDI（Electronic DataInterchange）电子数据交换143、E-Distribution 电子分销144、EFT（Electronic FundTransfer）电子资金转帐145、ERP （Enterprise ResourcePlanning）企业资源计划146、EOS（Electronic OrderingSystem）电子订货系统147、Encoder 编码148、Enterprise Networks 企业网络149、Expert system 专家系统150、E-Publishing 电子出版F FAQ（Frequently AskedQuestions）常见问题回答152、Big File, Little Space 大文件，小空间153、File Transfer Access andManagement (FTAM) 文件传输存取与管理154、File TransferProtocol(FTP) 文件传输协议155、Follow up Article 后续新闻稿156、Free-Net 免费网络157、Freeware 免费软件158、FTP（File TransferProtocol）匿名 FTP159、Domain Name Service 域名服务160、Electronic Mail Gateway电子邮件网关G、Gateway-to-Gateway Protocol 网关一网关协议162、Global Naming Service 全球命名服务163、Group Buy 网上集体议价164、Group 新闻组165、GIF（Graphic Interchange Format）图形交换格式166、Goods Online 在线商品167、Gopher space Gopher 公共Gopher服务器168、Price of Goods Online 在线商品价格169、Groupware 新闻组软件170、E-Mail And Groupware 电子邮件与新闻组软件171、Work Flow Software 工作流软件172、Gateway 网关H、Hacker 黑客174、Header 标题、报头、页眉175、Hierarchy 新闻组的分级176、Host 主机83、177、Home Page 主页178、Home Shopping 在家购物179、Hostname 主机名180、Hot list 热表181、HTTP（Hyper Text Transport Protocol）超文本传输协议182、Hyperlink 超链接183、Hypermedia 超媒体184、Hypertext 超文本I、IC 我明白了186、IDK 我不知道187、IOW 换句话说188、Internet 内部互联网189、IDG（International Data Group）国际数据集团190、Inter NTC(internet network information center) 互联网网络信息中心191、ID（Identifier）标识符192、Reseller Online 网上中间商193、Information Superhighway信息高速公路194、Imaging 图形化195、Interconnectivity 网络连接196、IRM（Information ResourceManage met）信息资源管理197、Interactive 交互的、互动的198、Interactive Marketing 互动营销199、Interactive Television互动式电视200、Internet AccountInternet 账户201、IP（Internet phone）网络电话202、Investigate on internet网上调查203、ICQ（I seek you）网络寻呼机204、Internet AddressInternet 地址205、Internet work 网际网206、IP（Internet Protocol）互联网络协议207、IP Address IP 地址208、Interior GatewayProtocols 内部网关协议209、InternationalOrganization forStandardization(ISO) 国际标准组织210、Internet 互联网211、Internet Mall 网络购物中心212、Internet Protocol(IP) 互联网协议213、IPX PACKETS IPX 信息包214、Internet work Routing 互联网上的路由215、Interoperability 交互操作性216、Interrupts 中断217、ISP（Internet ServeProvider 网络服务供应商218、IT (InformationTechnology) 信息技术K、KOOL 酷220、Kbps (kilo bit per second)每秒千比特221、Key Escrow 第三方保存密钥222、Kerberos AuthenticationKerberos 认证84、223、Kernel 核心224、Key EncryptionTechnology 钥匙的加密技术L、LAN Drivers 局域网络驱动程序226、LAN and WAN 局域与广域网络227、Local Area Network (LAN)局域网络228、Wide Area Network (WAN)广域网络229、Layered Architecture 阶层性结构230、Leaf Objects 未端对象231、Learning Bridges 学习型网桥232、Leased Line 专线233、Login 登录234、Logic bomb 逻辑炸弹235、Lurking 潜伏236、Local Area Networks(LANs)局域网络237、Netscape6 新版网景浏览器238、Local Area Transport(LAT)局域传输239、Logistics 现代物流M、Management Group(Team) 管理团队241、Mobile Office 移动办公室242、Moore’s Law 摩尔定律243、MIS（ManagementInformation System 管理信息系统244、MP3 电子音乐格式N、NASDAQ 纳斯达克246、Netizen 网民247、Netbug 网虫248、Netiquette 网络礼仪249、Netnews 网络新闻250、Network Language 网络语言251、Newbie 网络新手252、Newsreader 新闻阅读器253、New Economy 新经济254、NC（Network Computer）网络计算机255、NIC（Network Information Center）网络信息中心256、NOC（Network Operation Center）网络运行中心257、Node 节点258、Object-Oriented 面向对象的259、Protocol Independence 协议独立260、Network Cant 网络“黑话”261、Memory Management 内存管理262、Networks 网络263、Why Constitute Network? 为何建立电脑网络？264、Network Environment 网络环境265、Network Compose 网络的组成266、Network Connect Method 网络连结的方法267、Network Class 网络的种类268、Network Configuration 网络结构O Offline 脱机，离线270、Online 联机，在线271、Online Career Center 网上求职中心272、Online Community 网络社区273、OEM（Original Equipment Manufacturer）原始设备制造厂商274、Online Service 在线服务275、Operating System 操作系统276、On-Line TransactionProcessing(OLTP) 在线即时事务处理277、Open Data-linkInterface(ODI) 开放式数据链接口278、Open MessagingInterface(OMI) 开放式信息接口279、Open NetworkComputing(ONC),SunSoftSunSoft 的开放式网络计算280、Remote Program Call(RPC)远程程序呼叫281、External DataRepresentation(XDR) 外部数据展现282、Network File System(NFS)网络文件系统283、Open System 开放系统284、Optical Libraries 光盘图书馆285、Packets 信息包P、Packet-Switching Network包交换网络287、Parallel Processing 并行处理288、PDA（Personal DigitalAssistant）个人数字辅助电脑289、Personal Marketing 个性化营销290、Place Online 在线销售渠道291、Platform 平台292、Promotion On Internet 网上促销293、Promotion of E-Webs it 电子商务网站的促销294、Portable Computer 便携式计算机295、Protocol 协议296、Public File 公共文件297、POS（Point of Sale）销售点信息系统298、Mobile Radio Networks 移动无线电网络R、Redirector 重新定向器300、Release 新产品发布301、RI&W 读完去哭吧302、ROTEL 捧腹大笑303、Real time 实时304、Remote Access Software远程存取软件305、Remote Procedure Call(RPC) 远程程序呼叫306、Report of Business Plan商业计划书307、Replication 复制308、Routers 路由器309、Multi Protocol Router 多协议路由器310、Interior GatewayProtocols 内部网关协议311、Exterior GatewayProtocol(EGP) 外部网关协议312、Interdomain PolicyRouting Protocols 域间的政策性路由器协议313、Border GatewayProtocol(BGP) 边界网关协议314、Routing InformationProtocol(RIP) 路由信息协议315、Routing Protocols 路由协议316、Path Logic 逻辑路由317、Exterior Protocol 外部/域协议318、RSA Data Security RSA 数据安全性319、Authentication andAccredit 认证和授权320、Private Key Method 私钥方法（对称性）321、Public Key Method 公钥方法（非对称性）322、Appraisal System 鉴定系统323、Number Idiographic 数字签名S、Segment, Network 区段，网络325、Semaphore 信号灯326、Servers, Network 网络服务器327、Directory Server 目录服务器328、Service after Sell Online 在线售后服务329、Service Access Point 服务存取点330、Service Advertising Protocol (SAP) 服务广告协议331、Set-Top Box 机顶盒332、Shareware 共享软件333、Shell 外壳334、Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 简易邮件传送协议335、Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 简易网络管理协议336、Signature 签名337、SOHO（Small Office Home Office）在家办公338、Sockets 插头339、Software Distribution 软件分布340、Spanning Tree Algorithm 伸缩树法341、Spam 垃圾邮件342、Subscribe 订阅343、Supercomputer 超级计算机344、Supply Chain Management 供应链管理345、Surfing 冲浪346、Sysop(System Operator) 系统操作员347、System Integration 系统集成348、Supervisor 管理者349、Switched Services 交换服务350、Integrated Service Digital Network(ISDN) 综合业务数字网351、Synchronous Communication 同步传输352、Synchronous Optical Network(SONET) 同步光纤网络353、System FaultTolerance(SFT) 系统容错354、System ApplicationArchitecture(SAA) 系统应用程序体系结构T、Talk 对话356、Telecommuting 远程上班357、Telnets 远程网358、Terminal 终端机359、Terminal Emulation 终端服务器360、Third Party Logistics 第三方物流361、Logistics Center 物流中心，配送中心362、Timesharing Computer 分时计算机363、Internet Protocol (IP)网际协议364、Internet ProtocolAddress IP 地址365、Internet ApplicationsProtocol 应用软件协议366、Trustees 受托人367、Twisted-Pair Cable 双绞线368、Line Limit 连线限制369、Time limit 时间限制370、Workstation Limit 工作站限制V、Virtual office 虚拟合作372、Virtual office 虚拟办公室373、Videoconferencing 视频会议374、Virtual Circuits 虚拟线路375、Virtual Community 虚拟社区376、Virtual DataNetworks 虚拟数据网络377、Virtual File System(VFS)虚拟文件系统378、Data Access and AccessEnvironment 数据存取与存取环境379、The RepositoryEnvironment 库存环境380、Virtual MemorySystem(VMS) 虚拟存储系统381、Virtual Terminal, (VT)虚拟终端机382、Virtual ElectronicCommerce City 电子商城383、Wide Area Networks(WAN)广域网络384、Expert Network 专用网络385、Public Equipment 公用设备386、Circuitry ExchangeServe 线路交换服务387、Package Exchange Serve包交换服务388、Leased Line 专用线路389、Integrated ServicesDigital Network (ISDN) 综合业务服务网W、WAN（Wide Area Network）广域网391、Wed 万维网392、Webonomics 网络经济家393、WAP（Wireless ApplicationProtocol）无线应用协议394、WYSIWYG 所见即所得395、Webmaster 万维网设计管理师396、Website Brand 网站品牌397、Virtual Storage 虚拟存储器398、File and System Protect文件与系统保护399、Network 网络400、Print Function 打印功能401、Login Startup Options 登入与启动选项402、Worm 蠕虫403、WWW 万维网404、Workgroups 工作组405、Workplace OS 工作站操作系统406、Workstation 工作站407、Yellow pages 黄页。

二类电商常用专业术语

二类电商常用专业术语1. 电商（E-commerce）电商，即电子商务，是通过互联网技术和信息网络进行商品和服务的交易活动。

它包括在线购物、在线支付、在线客服等多个方面。

随着互联网的快速发展，电商已经成为了现代商务活动的重要组成部分。

2. B2C（Business-to-Consumer）B2C是指企业与消费者之间进行交易的模式。

在B2C模式下，企业通过自己的网站或第三方平台向消费者直接销售产品或提供服务。

消费者可以在网上浏览商品、下订单并付款。

3. C2C（Consumer-to-Consumer）C2C是指消费者之间进行交易的模式。

在C2C模式下，个人通过网络平台将自己的闲置物品出售给其他个人，完成交易过程。

知名的C2C平台有淘宝、闲鱼等。

4. O2O（Online-to-Offline）O2O是指线上到线下的商业模式。

通过O2O模式，消费者可以在线上预约、购买商品或服务，并在线下实际使用或领取。

典型的O2O行业有外卖、打车等。

5. CRM（Customer Relationship Management）CRM是指客户关系管理系统。

通过CRM系统，企业可以对客户进行全面的管理，包括客户信息的采集、分析和利用。

CRM系统可以帮助企业更好地了解客户需求，提高客户满意度。

6. SKU（Stock Keeping Unit）SKU是指库存单位。

在电商中，每个商品都会有一个独特的SKU编码，用于标识该商品。

通过SKU编码，企业可以方便地管理和追踪库存情况。

7. ERP（Enterprise Resource Planning）ERP是指企业资源规划系统。

通过ERP系统，企业可以对各个部门的资源进行全面的规划和管理，包括人力资源、财务、物流等方面。

ERP系统可以帮助企业提高效率、降低成本。

8. SEO（Search Engine Optimization）SEO是指搜索引擎优化。

在电商中，通过优化网站内容和结构，提高网站在搜索引擎中的排名，从而增加流量和曝光度。

17025-6电子商务理论与实务(第2版) 课后习题参考答案

《电子商务理论与实务》课后习题参考答案项目一认识电子商务一、选择题1.B2.B3.A4.C5.A6.A7.A8.C9.BCD 10.B二、简答题1. 狭义：主要利用互联网从事商务活动。

广义：使用各种电子工具从事商务活动。

因此①电子商务是整个贸易活动的自动化和电子化。

②电子商务是利用各种电子工具和电子技术从事各种商务活动的过程。

其中，电子工具是指计算机硬件和网络基础设施；电子技术是指处理、传递、交换和获得数据的多种技术的集合。

③电子商务渗透到贸易活动的各个阶段，因而内容广泛，包括信息交换、售前售后服务、销售、电子支付、运输、组建虚拟企业、共享资源等。

④电子商务的参与包括消费者、销售商、供应商、企业雇员、银行或金融机构及政府等各种机构或个人。

⑤实行电子商务的目的是要实现企业乃至全社会的高效率、低成本的贸易活动。

特点：高效性、方便性、集成性、可扩展性、安全性、协作性优点：降低企业采购成本、支付手段的高度电子化、便于收集和管理客户信息、特别适合信息商品的销售、更有效的服务和商机的增加、树立企业形象和品牌、改变企业竞争方式、改变企业竞争基础、缩短生产周期、使用更灵活、使用更灵活、经营规模不受场地限制。

缺点：网络自身有局限性、搜索功能不够完善、交易的安全性得不到保障、电子商务的管理还不够规范、税务问题、标准问题、配送问题、知识产权问题、电子合同的法律问题、电子证据的认定。

2.分类：一、按照商业活动的运作方式分类（1）完全电子商务（2）非完全电子商务二、按照开展电子交易的范围分类（1）本地电子商务（2）远程国内电子商务（3）全球电子商务三、按照商务活动的内容分类（1）间接电子商务（2）直接电子商务四、按照使用网络的类型分类（1）基于EDI网络的电子商务（2）基于Internet的电子商务（3）基于intranet的电子商务五、按照交易对象分类（1）企业对企业的电子商务（2）企业对消费者的电子商务（3）消费者对消费者的电子商务（4）政府对企业的电子商务（5）政府对消费者的电子商务功能：1.广告宣传2.咨询洽谈3.网上订购4.网上支付5.电子账户6.服务传递7.意见征询8.交易管理3. （1）网络层（2）多媒体信息发布层（3）报文和信息传播层（4）贸易服务层4.（1）买卖双方将各自的供应和需求信息通过网络告诉网络商品交易中心，网络商品交易中心通过信息发布服务向参与者提供大量的详细交易数据和市场信息。

联邦法规：21CFRPart11“电子大数据,电子签名,审计追踪”中英对照

PART 11 Electr onic Records; Electr onic Sign atures第11款电子记录；电子签名Subpart A--Ge neral Provisi ons分章A 一般规定Sec. 11.1 Scope.11.1适用范围(a)The regulati ons in this part set forth the criteria un der which the age ncy con siderselectro nic records, electro nic sig natures, and han dwritte n sig natures executed to electro nic records to be trustworthy, reliable, and gen erally equivale nt to paper records and han dwritte n sig natures executed on paper.本条款的规则提供了标准，在此标准之下FDA将认为电子记录、电子签名、和在电子记录上的手签名是可信赖的、可靠的并且通常等同于纸制记录和在纸上的手写签名。

(b)This part applies to records in electronic form that are created, modified, maintain ed, archived, retrieved, or tran smitted, un der any records requireme nts set forth in age ncy regulati ons. This part also applies to electronic records submitted to the agency under requirements of the Federal Food, Drug, and CosmeticAct and the Public Health Service Act, eve n if such records are not specifically ide ntified in age ncy regulatio ns.However, this part does not apply to paper records that are, or have bee n, tran smittedby electr onic means.本条款适用于在FDA规则中阐明的在任何记录的要求下，以电子表格形式建立、修改、维护、归档、检索或传送的记录。

《跨境电商实用英语》第2版人大版习题答案Unit 2-Chapter 1(修改版)

Part Two：Passage ReadingTask 11.It is designed to make it easy to do business anywhere.2. 33.Yes.In case of shipping delay, the buyers will be eligible for a refund.Task 21.infrastructure2. merchant3. comprise4. apparel5. cargo6. guarantee7. makes it easy8. eligibleTask 31.These employees are using Twitter to engage with clients on behalf of thecompanyWomen comprise 44% of hospital medical staff.3.W e give the affiliate 30 % of the total sale as a commission.4.Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it.5.The merchant wants to expand his business.6.These investments have greatly improved Xinjiang's infrastructure facilities.Passage Translation阿里巴巴国际站成立于1999年的阿里巴巴国际交易市场（）是目前处于领先地位的全球批发贸易交易平台。

作为阿里巴巴集团的业务之一，该市场旨在让天下没有难做的生意。

通过为供应商提供必要的工具，以使他们的产品能够触达到全球范围的客户，同时也帮助买家快速且有效地找到自己需要采购的产品和供应商。

阿里巴巴国际交易市场是一家为商家、品牌及其他企业提供产品、服务和数字内容的企业，它提供基本的互联网基础设施以及营销平台，让其可借助互联网的力量与用户和客户进行互动。

电商网站产品类目中英对照

Mom & Baby母婴用品Babies, Kids, Moms & Toys 母婴玩具Babies, Kids & Moms 母婴用品Apparel 童装/孕妇装Accessories 配件Bath & Diapers 洗护/纸尿裤Nursery & Bedding 婴幼儿护理/床上用品Shoes 童鞋/孕妇鞋Safety & Travel Gear 安全防护Swimwear & Beach Gear 泳衣/游泳用品Baby Feeding 婴幼儿食品Baby Health & Care 婴幼儿健康保健Children's Accessories 儿童配饰Sewing Fabric &Tools 织物缝纫工具Strollers 折叠式婴儿推车Toys & Gifts 玩具/礼物Plush Toys 毛绒玩具Bottle Feeding 奶瓶喂养Breastfeeding 母乳喂养Diapers 尿布、尿片、纸尿裤Diaper Bags 妈咪包Furniture 储藏物Bedding 床上用品Standard Strollers 标准的婴儿推车Jogging Strollers 运动型婴儿推车Infant Car Seats 汽车儿童座椅Convertible Car Seats 成长型汽座Booster Car Seats 增压汽车座椅Monitor Boutique 监控精品Safety Gates 安全门栏Playards 游戏围栏Swings 秋千Baby Toys 婴儿玩具Baby Cereal 婴儿辅食Formula 婴儿食品Food Pouches 食物袋Snacks 零食Girls' Clothing 女婴服饰Boys' Clothing 男婴服饰Unisex Clothing 中性服饰Maternity Clothing 孕妇装Pregnancy & Childbirth Books 妊娠分娩书Pregnancy & Childbirth Kindle eBooks 娠分娩电子书Pre-Natal Vitamins 产前维生素Home & kitchen 家居&厨房用品Kitchen & DiningCook’s tools 厨具Cooking Utensils 厨房用具Sets 套装Slicers 切片器Baking Tools 烘焙工具Comfort Mats 垫子Storage Sets 存储组合Lunch Boxes 饭盒Bento Boxes 便当盒Utensil Organizers 用具Food Savers 保鲜盒Bar Sets 酒吧台Corkscrews 螺旋开酒器Ice Molds 冰模具Whiskey Stones 威士忌的石头Cocktail Shakers 调酒器Thermometers 温度计Timers 计时器Measuring Cups 量杯Measuring Spoons 量勺Scales 天平秤Travel Mugs 旅行杯Thermoses 热水瓶Tumblers 平底杯Water Bottles 水壶Filtered Bottles 过滤瓶Blenders 搅拌器Food processors 食物加工器Ovens & toasters 烤箱和烤面包机Mixers 混料器Rice cookers 电饭煲Juicers 榨汁机Specialty appliances 专业设备Slow cookers 电锅Cookware set 套锅Pans 平底锅Specialty cookware 专业厨具Canners 高压锅Dutch ovens 荷兰炖锅Pots & steamers 蒸锅Tea kettles 茶水壶Baking tools 烘焙工具Cakes pans 蛋糕模具Baking & cookie sheets 曲奇烤盘Bread pans 面包模具Knife sets 套装道具Cutting boards 切菜板Sharpeners 磨刀器Storage 贮藏器Bakeware sets 烘焙套装Dinnerware 餐具Flatware 扁平的餐具（指刀、叉、勺）Glassware 玻璃器具Barware 酒具Cups & mugs 杯组Serveware 杂件Party supplies 派对用品Countertop organizers 碗筷碗碟沥水架Food storage 储物罐Home & Decorative 家纺Decorative pillows, inserts & covers 枕芯和枕套Throw pillows 坐垫Pillow covers 枕套Pillow inserts 枕芯Floor pillows &cushions 地垫和靠垫Duvet covers & sets 床罩和床套Mattress toppers 床垫装饰Bedding accessories 床上用品配件Bedding sets & collection 床上用品套装Bedspreads , coverlets & sets 床单、床罩和套装Blankets & throws 毯子Comforters & sets 床上用品和套装Kid’s bedding 儿童床上用品Sheets & pillowcases 床单和枕套Bath linen 浴室单巾类织物Bathroom accessory 卫浴配件Bathroom rugs 浴室地毯Bathroom shelves 浴室架Towels 毛巾Electronics 家用电器TV, Audio & Home Theater 电视、音响/家庭影院Home Audio & Video 家庭影院Satellite & Cable TV 有线/无线电视LCD HDTVs 液晶高清电视LED HDTVs 高清电视Plasma HDTVs 等离子体高清电视3D HDTVs3D 高清电视Smart HDTVs 智能高清电视Streaming Media Players 流媒体播放器Blu-ray Disc Players 蓝光光碟播放器TV-DVD Combos TV-DVD组合Portable & Novelty TVs便携式创意电视Projectors投影机Home Audio & Home Theater家庭音频和影院Audio & Video Accessories音频和视屏配件Television Accessories 电视配件Android TV Boxes 安卓电视盒子A/V Accessories 音视频配件Gadgets 家电配件；配件Solar & Wind Electronics 太阳能/风能发电系统Electronic Cigarettes 电子烟Home Audio & Video 家用音响&电视Audio & Video Accessories 音频&视频配件TV Boxes 机顶盒Small Appliances 小家电Professional Video Equipment 专业视频设备VR Glasses 虚拟现实眼镜Security Alarm system 安全警报系统Electronics & Computers 电子产品Home Audio & Theater家庭音频Camera, Photo & VideoVideo Games电子游戏Bluetooth & Wireless Speakers蓝牙和无线扬声器Smart Electronics 智能设备Games & Accessories 游戏及配件Game Softwares 游戏软件Portable Game Players 便携式游戏机Smart Watch 智能手表Smart Bracelets 智能手环Smart Trackers 智能跟踪仪Smart Glasses 智能眼镜Smart Home 智能家居Smart Robots 智能机器人Car Electronics & GPS车载电器及GPS导航/Home Safety 居家安全GPS 导航Car Audio & Video 车载音频及视频Car Speakers & Subwoofers车载低音炮和扬声器Car Security汽车安全系统Radar Detectors雷达测速器Car Electronics & GPS 车载电器和GPS导航仪Electronics Accessories电子设备IP Cameras 数字摄像机Access Control Systems 门禁系统Alarm Systems 报警系统NVR Kits 网络视频录像机Walkie Talkies 对讲机Security & Surveillance 监控设备Hunting Trail Camera 狩猎追踪摄影机Intercom & Access Control 对讲机/访问控制器IP Surveillance 监控系统CCTV Products 监控器材Measurement & Analysis Instruments 仪器仪表Electronic Components 电子元器件Cell Phones & Accessories 手机/手机配件Cell Phones & Smartphones 手机/智能手机Android Phones 安卓手机Refurbished Cell Phones 二手手机Cell Phone Accessories 手机配件Cell Phone Cases 手机壳Cell Phone Chargers 手机充电器Cell Phone Cables 数据线Cell Phone Screen Protectors 贴膜Cell Phone Earphones 手机耳机Cell Phone Parts 手机配件Cell Phone LCD & Touch Panels液晶/触摸屏Cell Phone Unlocking Devices手机解锁设备Wearable Technology 可穿戴技术Dummy Phones 虚拟手机Batteries & Chargers 电池/充电器MP3 Players MP3播放器Headphones & Earphones 耳麦/耳机Mini Speakers 迷你音箱Prepaid SIM Cards 预付Drives & Storages 驱动/储存器Monitors 主机；显示器Popular Brand Tablets 畅销品牌平板电脑Projection Equipment 投影仪Scanners 扫描仪Tablet PC 平板电脑Electronic Publishing 电子出版图书HiFi Audio 高保真音频Mounts & Brackets 支架，置物架Telecommunications 通讯Memory Cards 存储卡Headphones耳机Cell Phone Store 移动电话Cell Phones with Service 合约机No-Contract & Prepaid Cell Phones无&预付费手机Unlocked Cell Phones触锁手机Cellphones 移动电话Cell Phones 手机Mobile Signal Boosters 手机信号助推器Lighting & Studio Equipment 照明/工作室设备Computers & Cameras 电脑办公/数码Computers & Networking 电脑/网络Tablet PCs 平板电脑Tablet PC Accessories 平板电脑配件Keyboards, Mice & Inputs 键鼠输入Networking & Communications 网络/通信Software 软件Bitcoin Miners 比特币挖矿机3D Printers 3D打印机USB Flash Drives USB闪存盘/U盘Games & Accessories 游戏配件computer Components电脑零部件Desktops台式机Drives & Storage驱动器和储存Laptops & Netbooks笔记本和上网本Laptop Finder笔记本电脑仪Monitors显示器Filters & Accessories 过滤器&配件Computers & Networking 电脑Cables & Adapters 电缆&适配器Mac Accessories 计算机配件Laptop Accessories 笔记本电脑配件USB Gadgets USB配件Computer Gadgets 电脑配件Tablets平板电脑USB Flash Drives闪存盘Office Supplies 办公用品Printers打印机Webcams摄像头Desktops & Monitors台式电脑和显示器Computer Accessories & Peripherals计算机配件及设配Computer Parts & Components 电脑零组件和材料Printers & Ink 打印机和墨水Office & School Supplies 办公用品Trade In Your Electronics电子产品贸易Networking 网络Calculators计算器Calendars 日历Ink & Toner墨水和粉末Paper 纸张Printers打印机Scanners扫描机Shredders碎纸机Pro Headphones专业耳机Video Games电子游戏Video Game 游戏机Speakers 音箱MP3/MP4 PlayersDigital Voice Recorders 数码录音笔Projector Accessories 投影仪配件Microphones 话筒Pens, Pencils & Drawing Pens Supplies 钢笔/铅笔/绘图笔供应Office & School Supplies 办公/学习用品Packing Bottles 包装瓶Packing & Shipping 包装出货Weighing Scales 重台称Cameras & Photos 相机Selfie Monopods 自拍杆Sports & Action Video Cameras 运动摄影摄像机Camera Drones & Accessories无人机/航拍机/配件Memory Cards 存储卡Camcorders 便携式摄像机Digital Cameras 数码相机Digital Photo Frames 数码相框Film Cameras 相机胶卷Flashes & Flash Accessories 闪光灯/闪光灯配件Lenses & Filter 镜头/过滤器Lighting & Studio Equipment 照明/工作室设备Digital SLRs数码单反相机Lenses柔性焦距透镜组Point-and-Shoots触控拍照Compact System CamerasCamcorders便携式摄像机Digital Frames数码相框Professional Video专业摄像Camera, Photo & Accessories 相机，照片&配件Lenses & Accessories 镜头配件Cases, Bags & Straps 相机包&袋Tripods, Monopods & Accessories 三脚架，单脚架Flashes & Accessories 闪光灯配件Cables, Batteries & Chargers 电缆，电池&充电器Lights & Lighting 灯光照明LED Bulbs LED灯Light Bulbs & Tubes 灯泡灯管LED Lighting LED照明Indoor Lighting 室内照明Outdoor Lighting 室外照明Holiday Lighting 节日灯饰Stage Lighting 舞台灯光Lighting Accessories 灯饰配件Downlights 射灯LED Strips LED灯带Floodlights 强光灯；探照灯Grow Lights 植物生长灯Pendant Lamps 吊灯Musical Instruments乐器Guitars吉他Bass低音号Keyboards键盘乐器Brass 铜管乐器Chinese Musical Instruments 中国民族乐器Harmonicas 口琴Guitar 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男士运动衣&西装Men's Underwear & Swimwear 男士内裤&游泳衣 Men's Hoodies & Sweatshirts 男士卫衣&运动衫 Men's Tees & Vests 男士T恤&背心Men's Coats & Trench Coat 男士外套&风衣Men's Pants & Shorts 男士裤子&短裤Men's Jackets 男士夹克衫Men's Jeans 男士牛仔裤Men's Sweaters & Cardigans 男士毛衣&开衫Men's Ties & Bow Ties 男士领带&领结Kids' Clothing 童装Girls' Clothing 女童装Boys' Clothing 男童装Maternity Wear 孕妇装Kids' Accessories 儿童配饰Babies' Clothing 婴儿服饰Family Clothing Sets 亲子装Kids' New Ins 童装新品Teenagers' Shoes 青少年鞋Fashion Handbags & Accessories 时尚手提包&配饰Fashion Belts 时尚腰带Fashion Scarves 时尚围巾Fashion Hats 时装帽Winter Accessories 冬季配饰Fashion Headpieces 时尚头饰Accessories' New Ins 新款配饰New Arrivals 新品上新Men's New Ins 男士新品Women's New Ins 女士新品Weddings &Formal Events 婚礼/活动礼服Custom Dresses & Accs 定制礼服/配饰Special Occasion Dresses 特殊场合礼服2015 Homecoming Dresses 同学会礼服Arabic Dresses 阿拉伯传统礼服Wedding Dresses & Accs 婚纱及配饰Lace Wedding Dresses 蕾丝婚纱Long Sleeves 长袖款婚纱Formal Dresses 正装Girls' Pageant Dresses 选美礼服Wedding Dresses 婚纱Bridesmaid Dresses 伴娘礼服Wedding Dresses 婚纱Bridesmaid Dresses 伴娘礼服Mother of the Bride DressesKids Attire 儿童礼服Wedding Favors & Gifts 婚礼用品Designers' Originals 原创设计Junior Bridesmaid Dresses 青年伴娘礼服Flower Girl Dresses 花童礼服Ring Bearer Suits 男花童西装Wedding Accessories 婚礼配饰Special Occasion Dresses 特殊场合礼服Homecoming Dresses 宴会礼服Evening Dresses 晚礼服Cocktail Dresses 酒会礼服Prom Dresses 舞会礼服Cheongsam 旗袍Semi Formal Dresses 半正式礼服Maternity Dresses 孕妇礼服Plus Size Dresses 大号礼服Dancewear & Dance Shoes 舞蹈服&舞鞋Cosplay & Costumes 真人秀&服饰Anime Cosplay 动漫真人秀Kigurumi Pajamas 连体睡衣Halloween Costumes 万圣节服饰Lolita Fashion 洛丽塔服饰Underwear 内衣Body Shapers 塑身衣Socks & Hosiery 袜子/针织品Underpants 内裤Costumes & Cosplay Cosplay 服装Wholesale Apparel 内衣批发Dresses 连衣裙Blouses & Shirts 衬衣衬衫Swimwear 泳衣Clothing Fabric 服装面料Dance Wear 舞装Ethnic Clothing 民族服装Stage Wear 舞台服装Sewing Notions & Tools 缝纫工具Fashion Scarves & Wraps 时尚围巾/披肩Handkerchiefs 手帕鞋包Teenagers' Shoes 青少年鞋Women's Shoes 女鞋Fashion Boots 时尚女靴Women's Heels 女士高跟鞋Women's Sandals 女式凉鞋Women's Flats 女士平底鞋Women's Sneakers 女士运动鞋Women's Oxfords 女式牛津鞋Women's 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Evening Bags手拿包&晚宴包Shoulder Bags 单肩包Backpacks双肩包Wallets钱包Cosmetic Bags化妆包Travel Bags旅行包Satchels 邮差包Fashion Laptop Bags时尚电脑包Briefcases 公文包Bags & Luggage 箱包Handbags 手提包Wallets & Holders 钱包/钱夹Backpacks 背包Briefcases 公文包School Bags 学生包/书包Fashion Bags 时装包Shopping Bags 购物袋Sport&Outdoor Packs 运动户外包Waist Bags 腰包珠宝首饰Earrings耳环Ear Cuffs 耳袖口Vintage Earrings 复古耳环Clip Earrings夹式耳环Hoop Earrings 环状耳环Stud Earrings 耳钉Drop Earrings 耳坠Bracelets手链Wrap Bracelets 缠绕手链Strand Bracelets 串式手链Kids' Bracelets 儿童手链Vintage Bracelets复古手链Charm Bracelets 饰物手链Leather Bracelets真皮手链Bangles 手镯Chain & Link Bracelets链式手链Couple Rings 情侣对戒Vintage Ring复古戒指Necklaces项链Pearl Necklaces珠宝项链Lockets盒式项链Strand NecklacesKids' Necklaces儿童项链Chain Necklaces链式项链Collar Necklaces领子项链Choker Necklaces颈链Vintage Necklaces复古项链Pendant Necklaces吊坠项链Jewelry 珠宝首饰Wholesale Jewelry 批发首饰Jewelry Channel 珠宝渠道Necklaces & Pendants 项链吊坠Bracelets 手镯手链Rings 戒指Beads & DIY Jewelry 串珠/DIY珠宝Jewelry Sets 首饰套装Fine Jewelry 高级珠宝Body Jewelry 贴身首饰Anklets 脚链Cufflinks & Tie Clasps, Tacks 袖扣/领带钩,钉Hair Jewelry 发饰Jewelry Cleaners & Polish 首饰清洁/打磨Jewelry Findings & Components 首饰配件，部件Jewelry Packaging & Display 首饰包装/展示用具Key Rings 钥匙圈Loose Beads 散珠Loose Diamonds 未镶嵌钻石Loose Gemstones 未镶嵌宝石Men's Jewelry 男士珠宝Pins, Brooches 胸针/别针Silver Jewelry 银饰Jewelry Sets 首饰套装Fashion Earrings 时尚耳钉Fashion Bracelets 时尚手链Fashion Rings 时尚戒指Fashion Necklaces 时尚项链Fashion Brooches 时尚胸针Men's Watches 男士手表Women's Watches 女士手表Luxury Watches 精品腕表Mechanical Wristwatches 机械手表Pocket Watches 怀表Unisex Watches 中性手表Brand Watches品牌手表Leather Band Watches皮带手表Steel Band Watches链式手表Digital Watches电子表Luxury Watches精品腕表Watch Accessories手表配件Military Watches军用手表Women's Watches女士手表Kids' Watches儿童手表Couple Watches情侣表Bracelet Watches手链表Fashion Watches时尚腕表Quartz Watches石英手表Mechanical Watches机械手表Keychain Watches钥匙链手表Ring Watches戒指手表床上用品&洗浴用品Duvet Covers 被罩Pillows & Throws 抱枕Comforters & Bed Pillows 床上用品&枕头Sheet Sets & Pillowcases 被套和枕套Quilts & Coverlets 被子&床单Decorative pillows, inserts & covers 枕芯和枕套Throw pillows 坐垫Pillow covers 枕套Pillow inserts 枕芯Floor pillows &cushions 地垫和靠垫Duvet Covers 被罩Pillows & Throws 抱枕Shower Curtains 浴帘Comforters & Bed Pillows 床上用品&枕头Duvet covers & sets 床罩和床套Mattress toppers 床垫装饰Bedding accessories 床上用品配件Bedding sets & collection 床上用品套装Bedspreads , coverlets & sets 床单、床罩和套装Blankets & throws 毯子Comforters & sets 床上用品和套装Kid’s bedding 儿童床上用品Sheets & pillowcases 床单和枕套Bath linen 浴室单巾类织物Bathroom accessory 卫浴配件Bathroom rugs 浴室地毯Bathroom shelves 浴室架Towels 毛巾Bath Accessories 卫浴配套Bathroom Gadgets 浴室设备Towels & Robes 浴巾&浴袍Shower Curtains 浴帘athroom Sink Faucets 浴室水槽水龙头Shower Faucets 淋浴水龙头Kitchen Faucets 厨房水龙头Bathtub Faucets 浴缸水龙头Shower Heads 淋浴喷头家居园艺类Home & Garden 家居园艺Household Sundries 日杂用品Festive & Party Supplies 节庆派对用品Party Masks 派对面具Pet Supplies 宠物用品Patio, Lawn & Garden 庭院/草坪/花园用品Kitchen, Dining & Bar 厨房/餐厅/酒吧用品Home Textiles 家纺Home Decor 家居装饰Arts, Crafts & Paintings 艺术/工艺/绘画Faucets, Showers & Accs 水龙头/淋浴配件Interior & Exterior Tools 内外家居工具套装Furniture 家具Rain Gear 雨具Pet Supplies 宠物用品Wall Art 艺术墙Oil Paintings 油漆Wall Stickers 艺术墙贴PrintsWallpaper 墙纸Framed Arts 设计艺术Wall Decor墙饰Top SellingsNew Arrivals 新品上新Discount Paintings 特价绘画Home Decor 家居装饰品Wall Clocks 挂钟Pillows & Throws 抱枕Artificial Flowers 人造花Storage & OrganizationPicture Frames 画框Curtains & Drapes窗帘Sheer Curtains 纱窗帘Shades 百叶窗Blackout Curtains遮光布Handicrafts 手工艺品Novelty Gadgets 创意配饰Tiebacks 窗帘钩Needlework 刺绣Kitchen Curtains 厨房窗帘Curtain Rods & Hardware 窗帘棒&硬件Kitchen & Dining 厨房&餐厅Kitchen Faucets 厨房水龙头Bakeware 烘焙用具Table Linens 餐桌用布Drinkware 饮品工具Kitchen Organization 厨房家电Barware 酒吧酒具Kitchen Cleaning Supplies 厨房清洁用品Cookware 炊具Cutlery 餐具Cooking Utensils厨房用具Sets 套装Slicers切片器Baking Tools烘焙工具Comfort Mats垫子Storage Sets存储组合Lunch Boxes饭盒Bento Boxes便当盒Utensil Organizers用具Food Savers保鲜盒Bar Sets酒吧台Corkscrews螺旋开酒器Ice Molds冰模具Whiskey Stones威士忌的石头Cocktail Shakers调酒器Thermometers温度计Timers计时器Measuring Cups量杯Measuring Spoons量勺Scales天平秤Travel Mugs旅行杯Thermoses热水瓶Tumblers平底杯Water Bottles水壶Filtered Bottles过滤瓶Blenders 搅拌器Coffee tea &espressoFood processors 食物加工器Ovens & toasters烤箱和烤面包机Mixers混料器Rice cookers 电饭煲Juicers 榨汁机Specialty appliances 专业设备Slow cookers 电锅Cookware set 套锅Pans 平底锅Specialty cookware 专业厨具Canners 高压锅Dutch ovens 荷兰炖锅Pots & steamers 蒸锅Tea kettles茶水壶Baking tools 烘焙工具Decorating toolsCakes pans 蛋糕模具Baking & cookie sheets 曲奇烤盘Bakers & casserolesBread pans 面包模具Knife sets 套装道具Cutting boards 切菜板Sharpeners 磨刀器Storage 贮藏器Bakeware sets 烘焙套Dinnerware 餐具Flatware 扁平的餐具（指刀、叉、勺）Glassware 玻璃器具Barware 酒具Cups & mugs 杯组Serveware杂件Party supplies 派对用品Countertop organizers 碗筷碗碟沥水架Food storage 储物罐化妆品和保健品Health & Beauty 健康美容Makeup 美妆Nail Art & Salon 美甲产品Nail Care & Polish指甲护理&抛光Nail Art指甲艺术Nail & Gel Polishes指甲&凝胶抛光Tools & Equipments 工具设备Nail Stamping 指甲印花Beauty Equipment 美容仪Oral Hygiene 口腔卫生Medical Supplies 医药用品Vision Care 视力保健Body Sculpting & Slimming 塑身减肥Fragrance & Deodorant 香水Sex Products 成人用品Health Care 卫生保健Massage 按摩Hair Styling Tools 头发造型工具Hair Straightening 直发器Curling Iron 卷发器Hair Dryer 电吹风Hair Comb 发梳Hair Loss Products 防脱发产品Hair &Styling 头发造型Hair & Styling 头发造型Hair Extension &Wigs 接发/假发Hair Weaves 编织假发Colorful Hair Extension 彩色接发Human Hair Wigs 人发头套Ombre Hair 渐变色假发头套High Grade Human Hair 高级人发头套Nail Art & Salon 美甲Wigs & Hair Extensions 假发系列Synthetic Wigs 化纤头套Human Hair Lace Wigs 人类花边假发Capless Wigs 无帽假发Ponytails 马尾发型Synthetic Extensions & PiecesParty Wigs 舞会假发Tattoos & Body Art 纹身&人体艺术Tattoo Machines 纹身工具Starter Tattoo Kits启动器纹身套件Tattoo Kits (Ink not included)纹身装备Temporary Tattoos彩绘纹身Tattoo Ink纹身油墨Tattoo Power Supplies 电源纹身设备Shaving & Hair Removal 剃须/脱毛Beauty Equipment 美容仪Tattoo & Body Art 纹身/人体艺术Luxury beauty 高端护肤Luxury makeup 高端彩妆Luxury skin care 高端护肤Luxury fragrance 高端香水Luxury hair care 高端美发护理Luxury men’s grooming 高端男士护理Luxury brand 高端品牌Skin Care 护肤品Nail Art & Salon 美甲Makeup Brushes 化妆刷Eyelash 假睫毛Mascara 睫毛膏Discount Makeup 折扣化妆品Permanent Makeup Supplies 永久性化妆用品玩具及户外用品Toys & Gifts 玩具/礼物Plush Toys 毛绒玩具Activity & Amusement Toys 健身玩具Action Figures 手办/人偶Learning & Education Toys 益智玩具Dolls & 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电子商务专业英语课后答案.doc

Chapter 1 Introduction to E-CommerceANSWER1.Answer the following questionsL business-to-consumer, business-to-business, business processes, consumer-to-consumer, and business-to-government2.A business model is a set of processes that combine to achieve a company's goal, which is to yield a profit.NO.3.A revenue model is a specific collection of business processes used to identify customers, market to those customers, and generate sales to those customers.4.books and CDs, etc.5.Transaction costs are the total of all costs that a buyer and seller incur as they gather infonnation and negotiate a purchase-and-sale transaction.6.As more people or organizations participate in a network, the value of the network to each participant increases. This increase in value is called a network effect.7.The key issues that any company faces when it conducts international commerce include trust and culture, language, infrastructure, international law and currency.8.Localization means a translation that considers multiple elements of the local environment, such as business and cultural practices, in addition to local dialect variations in the language・II.Fill in the blanks in each of the following1.Internet2.dot-com pure dot-com3.internationalmodity5.electronic traditional6.vertical integration.rmation coordination8.value chainChapter 3 E-Business ModelsI.a) True b) False. This is the concept of a true auction. c) False・ A reserve price is the lowest price a seller will accept in an auction・ d) True e) False. The name-your price model allows customers to get Chapter 1 Introduction to E-Commerce 115a lower price by clearing the price with a number of vendors・ This does not involve an auction. f) False. Brick-and-mortar business are offline businesses・ This term is often associated with companies who have both and online and offline presence・ g) False. Web-based training is currentlyused by organizations around the world, h) True i) True j) TrueII.a) Brick-and-mortar b) Demand sensitive pricing model c) shopping cart d) auction e) vertical, horizontal f) community g) reverse auctions h) B2B exchanges i) online trading j) comparison shopping III.Categorize each of the following items as it best relates to the storefront model, the auction model or the dynamic pricing models:a)Auction model b) Auction model c) Storefront modeld) Storefront model e) Dynamic pricing・ f) Dynamic pricingChapter 4 B2B E-CommerceI.Write an Abstract of this paper in about 100 words.Abstract- Just as the industrial revolution mechanized the manufacturing functions of firms, the infonnationrevolution is automating their merchant functions. Four types of potential productivity gains are expected frombusiness-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce: cost efficiencies from automation of transactions, potentialadvantages of new market intermediaries, consolidation of demand and supply through organized exchanges, andchanges in the extent of vertical integration of firms. The article examines the characteristics of B2B onlineintermediaries, including categories of goods traded, market mechanisms employed, and ownership arrangements,and considers the market structure of B2B e-commerce.II.Answer the following questions1.The popular phrase B2B e-commerce refers to the substitution of computer data processing and Internet communications for labor sendees in the production of economic transactions.2.Expectations about productivity gains from B2B e-commerce can be usefully divided into four areas: possible efficiencies from automation of transactions, potential economic advantages of new market intermediaries, consolidation of demand and supply through organized exchanges, and chcinges in the extent of vertical integration of companies.3.Intermediaries can reduce transaction costs relative to direct exchange, by reducing the costs of search, certifying product quality, mitigating communication costs, and providing guarantees for buyer or seller commitments・4.E-commerce intermediaries can be classified into four main categories: brokers, auctioneers, dealers, and exchanges. 116电子商务专业英语(第二版)III.State whether the following are True or False?l.T 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.TChapter 5 Electronic Payment SystemsANSWERI.Answer the following questions1.List five parties may be involved in the e-payment method・They are:a)Customer/payer/buyer. The party making the e-payment in exchange for goods or servicesb)Merchant/payee/seller. The party receiving the e-payment in exchange for goods and servicesc)Issue匚The banks or nonbanking institutions that issue the e-payment instrumentused to make the purchased)Regulator. Usually a government agency whose regulations control the e・paymentprocesse)Automated Clearing House (ACH). An electronic network that transfers moneybetween bank accounts2.List Characteristics of Successful E-payment Methods Interoperability and portability; security; anonymity; divisibility; easy of use; transaction fees; critical mass・3.What are virtual credit cards?This is an e-payment system in which a credit card issuer issues a special number that can be used in place of regukir credit card numbers to make online purchases・ This allows users to use a credit card online without having to disclose the actual credit card number.4.Describe the difference between the contact card and contactless card・A contact card is inserted in a smart card reade匚These cards have a small gold plate about one -half inch in diameter on the front; when the card is inserted in the reader, the plate makes electronic contact and data are passed to and from the chip.In addition to the chip, a contactless card has an embedded antenna・ In this case, data (and applications) are passed to and from the card through the card's antenna to another antenna attached to a cardreader unit or other device.5.List Advantages of E-billingChapter 1 Introduction to E-Commerce 117From the perspective of the billing firm, the most obvious benefit is the reduction in expenses related to billing and processing payments・ E-billing also enables better customer service. Another advantage relates to advertising.From the customer's perspective, E-billing reduces the customer^ expenses by eliminating the cost of checks, postage, and envelopes. E-billing simplifies and centralizes payment processing and provides better record keeping.II. Fill in the blanks in each of the following1.Credit cards, Charge cards, Debit cards2.e-wallet3.smart card, microprocessor, memory, nonprogrammable4.Stored-value5.e-check6.electronic bill presentment and payment (EBPP)Chapter 6 E-Commerce Security ANSWERI.Answer the following questions1.Describe the difference between a nontechnical and a technical cyber attack.Nontechnical attacks are those in which a perpetrator uses chicanery or other forms of persuasion to trick people into revealing sensitive information or performing actions that can be usedto compromise the security of a network.. These attacks are also called social engineering attacks. In contrast to nontechnical attacks, software and systems knowledge are used to perpetmte technical attacks ・ In conducting a technical attack, an expert hacker often uses a methodical approach ・2.How are DDoS attacks peipetrated?Once an attacker has access to a large number of computers, they load the specialized DDoS software onto these computers. The software lays in wait, listening for a command to begin the attack. When the cominand is given, the distributed network of computers begins sending out requests to the target computer. The requests can be legitimate queries for information or can beveryspecialized computer commands designed to overwhelm specific computer resources.3.What are the major forms of malicious code?Viruses, Worms, Macro viruses and macro worms, and Trojan Horses.4.What are some common mistakes that EC sites make in managing their security?Undervalued information. Few organizations have a clear understanding of the value of specific information assets.Narrowly defined security boundaries. Most organizations focus on securing their internal networks and fail to understand the security practices of their supply chain partners.Reactive security management. Many organizations are reactive rather than proactive focusing on security after an incident or problem occurs.Dated security management processes. Organizations rarely update or change their security practice to meet changing needs. Similarly, they rarely update the knowledge and skills of their staff about best practices in information security.Lack of communication about security responsibilities. Security often is viewed as an IT problem, not an organizational one.Chapter 1 Introduction to E-Commerce 1195.Describe the difference between physiological biometrics and behavioral biometrics・ Physiological biometrics are based on measurements derived directly from different partsof the body (e.g., sea ns of fingerprints, the iris, hand geometry, and facial characteristics)・ In contrast, behavioral biometrics are derived from various actions and indirectly from various body parts (e.g., voice scans or keystroke monitoring ).6.Describe the basic components of encryption・All encryption has four basic parts: the plaintext, ciphertext, encryption algorithm, and the key.7.What are the basic differences between symmetric and asymmetric encryption?In a symmetric (private) key system the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the plaintext. The sender and receiver of the text must share the same key without revealing it to anyone else——thus making it a so-called private system.Public (Asymmetric) key encryption uses a pair of matched keys—a public key that is publicly available to anyone and a private key that is known only to its owner.8.What is a personal firewall?Personal firewalls are designed to protect desktop systems by monitoring all the traffic that passes through the computer\ network interface card.Chapter 7 PricingI.True or FalseI.F 2.T3. F4.T5. FII.Fill the blanks1.Target-return pricing2.internd content is easy to package; of the low friction between buyers and sellers; the cost of adding new customers is low3.frenzy pricingIII.Answer the following questions1 ・ Identify the six results of the interactivity force of the Internet on pricing・(1)It is easier to reach wider audiences.(2)It is easier and cheaper to implement dynamic pricing strategies・(3)It is easier and cheaper to change prices・⑷ It is cheaper for consumers to investigate prices. 120 电子商务专业英语(第二版)(5)It is easier to understand and measure consumers? reactions to price promotions・(6)It is easier to receive customer feedback on price, understand customer willingness to pay for a product, and implement price scrimin at ion strategies.2.In what ways has the individualization force of the Internet affected pricing?(1)By informing companies of their pricing and product desires, consumers make it easier for firms toconvey prices of products in which they have an interest・(2)Customers can register their preferences with firms, making it easier for those finns to offer targeted, individualized pricing promotions・(3)Customers can more easily participate in dynamic pricing processes. Sites that practice dynamic pricing can notify customers via e-mail when their bids are no longer the highest.3.What is a loss leader? What types are most likely to be used?A loss leader is an item offered at very low prices (below its total cost) in order to attract greater store traffic. Typically, such items are well-known brands, staples for price-sensitive consumers, and/or seasonal/holiday/special demand items.4.Describe the two primary ways that the Internet has enhanced the attractiveness of dynamic pricing. First are decreased menu costs. Menu costs are the costs associated with changing the price of a good. For goods advertised on the Web, it is easy and virtually costless to change product prices, making it very attractive for firms to change their prices based on demand and supply conditions. Second is interactivity. The Internet makes it easy for sellers and buyers around the world to interactand negotiate prices. The fact that buyers and sellers can easily interact from their homes or workplaces via the Internet makes it easy to conduct dynamic pricing structures.Chapter 8 Internet MarketingI.Answer the following questions1.What is Internet marketing?Internet marketing is the process of building and maintaining customer relationships through online activities tofacilitate the exchange of ideas, products, and services that satisfy the goals of both parties.2.What are the seven stages of Internet marketing?The seven stages are (1) setting corporate and business-unit strategy, (2) framing the market opportunity, (3)formulating the marketing strategy, (4) designing the customer interface, (5) designing the marketing program, (6)crafting the customer interface, and (7) evaluating the results of the marketing program.3.What are the four stages of the customer relationship?The four stages are: (1) awareness (the degree to which the customer has some basic information, knowledge, Chapter 1 Introduction to E-Commerce 121or attitudes about a firm or its offerings, but has not initiated any communications with the firm);(2)exploration(customer and firm begin to initiate communications and actions that enable an evaluation of whether or not to pursuea deeper connection); (3) commitment (customer and firm feel a sense of obligation or responsibility for each other);and (4) dissolution (isolation of the most valuable customer group and subsequent focus on this particular group).4.What are the six classes of variables in the Internet marketing mix?The six variables are product, pricing, communication, community, distribution, and branding・5.What is the Marketspace Matrix?The Marketspace Matrix is a framework illustrating the levers that the Internet marketer may choose to use ateach stage of the customer relationship. These levers are the six classes of variables including product, pricing,communication, community, distribution and branding, and the stages of customer relationships are awaieness,exploration, commitment and dissolution.6.How do interactivity and individuality come into play in the design of the marketing program? Interactivity is the extent to which two-way communication flow occurs between the firm and customers; individuality refers to a consumer's personal experience with the firm. Both impact the design of all of the levers ofthe Internet marketing mix一price, market communications, and products and services・7.What are the critical success factors for the Internet marketing professional?The critical success factors are (I) customer advocacy and insight (marketing professionals need to strategicallycollect information from many disparate sources, create insightful customer mosaics, and effectively translate theminto marketing strategies and tactics); (2) integration (marketing professionals need to have an integrated or holisticview of the customer and the enterprise in order to create a uniquely advantaged strategic plan); (3) balanced thinking(marketing professionals need to be highly analytical and very creative in order to understand the strategic andtactical implications of the Internet); and (4) willingness to accept risk and ambiguity (marketing professionals needto retool themselves and their companies to enter into a whole new era of customer-centric marketing). 122电子商务专业英语(第二版)Chapter 9 Legal Issues of E■CommerceI.True or False1.T2.F3.T4.F5.T6. F7.T&FII. Answer the following questions1.List some of the ways that the Internet can be used to collect information about individuals.(1)By reading an inciividuaPs newsgroup postings(2)By looking up an individual5s name and identity in an Internet directory(3)By reading an individuaPs e-mail(4)By conducting surveillance on employees(5)By wiretapping wireline and wireless communication lines and listening to employees(6)By asking an individual to complete a Web site registration(7)By recording an individuaPs actions as they navigate the Web with a browser, usually using cookies2.List four types of intellectual property.There are four main types of intellectual property in EC: copyrights, trademarks, domain names, and patents.3.List the legal rights covered by a copyright.A copyright is an exclusive grant from the government that confers on its owner an essentially exclusive right to: (1) reproduce a work, in whole or in part, and (2) distribute, perform, or display ♦Itto the public in any form or manner, including the Internet. In general, the owner has an exclusive right to export the copyrighted work to another country.4.List the legal rights of a trademark owner.The owner of a registered trademai-k has exclusive rights to: (1) Use the trademark on goods and services for which the trademark is registered. (2) Take legal action to prevent anyone else fromusing the trademark without consent on goods and services (identical or similar) for which the trademark is registered.Chapter 10 LogisticsI.l.B 2.A 3. A 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.AII.Translations:1.物流是与时间有关的资源配置或是总供应链的战略管理。

欢迎报考电子商务专业 - 工商管理学院

162人。累计1000多名毕业生。
专兼任教师26人，其中副教授4人。专任教师硕士学位比例达到100%，“双师”素质比例达95%。
“校企一体化”培养模式
职场阶段第5-6学期
“职场化”教学创新创业、企业顶岗
园区生产性实训基地园区大学生创业基地
轮岗阶段第3-4学期
学历提升
01
专升本
本科
杰出校友
张子毅欧正伦
陈飞龙
2011届毕业生张子毅担任海福乐五金（中国）有限公司电商部经理，开启了该公司网上营销的大门，取得显著效益；
2013届毕业生欧正伦、王祥个人创业，经营网店，学以致用，有着较高的经济收入；
2013届毕业生陈飞龙担任徐州超然信息科技有限公司总经理，具有较高的创新创业能力，将带领精英团队努力把公司打造成徐州经济区最专业的电子商务服务商。
“嵌入式”教学工学结合、任务驱动理实一体、企业轮岗
校内专业实训室园区生产性实训基地
认知阶段第1-2学期
“项目化”教学岗位体验、项目案例
校内一体化教室校内专业实训室园区生产性实训基地
学生创业展示-淘宝店铺
学生创业展示微营销
-
学生创业展示-跨境电商
学生获奖
就业优势
• 社会需求量大 • 就业面广，适应性强 • 工作环境好，远离车间，白领人士 • 收入普通较高，能力提升快 • 现代时尚，绿色环保 • 最适合自主创业
就业岗位群
网络营销
网上市场调研网络广告与促销网络推广网络销售
电子商务运营
网络商务信息采集、处理、发布电商平台操作网店运营与管理
电商客服
客户服务销售
电子商务人才紧缺

19300和22165格式内容

19300和22165格式内容摘要：1.了解19300和22165的背景和含义2.分析19300和22165在实际应用中的差异3.总结如何根据需求选择合适的数值4.给出建议和实用技巧正文：在日常生活中，我们经常会遇到各种数字和编码，其中19300和22165是两种常见的格式。

本文将分析这两种格式的背景含义以及在实际应用中的差异，帮助大家更好地理解和选择合适的数值。

首先，我们来了解19300和22165的背景和含义。

19300是一种国际通用的商品编码格式，被称为全球贸易物品编码（Global Trade Item Number，简称GTIN），它由国际物品编码协会（GS1）制定和推广。

GTIN 旨在为全球商品提供一个唯一的标识，以便于商家在采购、销售、库存管理等环节进行高效准确的识别。

22165则是一种国内常用的编码格式，主要用于商品流通、库存管理和数据统计等方面。

接下来，我们分析19300和22165在实际应用中的差异。

首先，19300适用于国际间的商品贸易，具有较高的通用性和兼容性。

而22165主要应用于国内市场，满足了国内企业的基本需求。

其次，19300编码规则更为严格，包括数字、字母和校验位等，具有较高的数据安全性。

相比之下，22165编码较为简单，主要由数字组成，便于人工操作和计算机识别。

那么，如何根据需求选择合适的数值呢？首先，如果您涉及国际商品贸易，那么19300编码是您的最佳选择。

它不仅可以提高商品识别的准确性，还有助于提高供应链管理的效率。

其次，如果您主要在国内市场运营，可以考虑使用22165编码。

此外，根据企业规模、产品线和信息系统等因素，您还可以对编码进行定制化调整，以满足特定需求。

最后，给大家提供一些建议和实用技巧。

首先，选择合适的编码格式有助于提高数据准确性，降低库存管理成本。

其次，合理规划编码体系，可以有效提升企业信息化水平。

此外，关注行业标准和政策动态，及时调整编码策略，以确保企业竞争力。

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4. Semester Hour Structure
Topics
Introduction to Electronic Commerce
Technology Infrastructure: The Internet and the World
Wide Web Selling on the Web: Revenue Models and Building a Web
年月日
TU Syllabus for Electronic Commerce
Code:
2160259
Semester Hours: 32
Title: Credits:
Electronic Commerce1 1.5
Semester Hour Lecture：16 Computer Lab： 16 Experiment：
1. Objective
This course explores how the landscape of online commerce is changing and evolving. With balanced coverage of both the technological and the strategic aspects of successful e-commerce, students are able to tackle the real-world business cases included in each chapter, understand the principles of electronic commerce, and learn the relevant knowledge and skills design the Electronic Commerce solution and Web site.
3. Topics 1、Introduction to Electronic Commerce 2、Technology Infrastructure: The Internet and the World Wide Web 3、Selling on the Web: Revenue Models and Building a Web Presence Web Catalog Revenue Models Digital Content Revenue Models Advertising-Supported Revenue Models Advertising-Subscription Mixed Revenue Models Fee-for-Transaction Revenue Models Fee-for-Service Revenue Models 4、Pattern for Electronic Commerce Business Patterns; Integration Patterns; Composite Patterns Custom Design Application patterns Runtime Patterns 5、Security for Electronic Commerce 6、Payment Systems for Electronic Commerce 7、Planning for Electronic Commerce 8、Projects
Presence Pattern for Electronic
Commerce Security for Electronic
Commerce Payment Systems for Electronic Commerce Planning for Electronic
Commerce
Computer
Lecture
Experiment Practice
Lab.
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
4
Practice (Week)
Sum:
16
16
5. Grading Course grading: hundred mark system. (1) Final exam: 80% (2) Computer Lab + Homeworks: 20%
and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at one point in the transaction's life-cycle, although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail, mobile devices and telephones as well.
SOA 的体系架构，SOA 与 Web 服务的关系，ESB，工作流 3、盈利模式
Web 目录盈利模式数字内容盈利模式广告支持的盈利模式广告-订阅混合式盈利模式按交易付费式盈利模式按服务付费式盈利模式 4、电子商务模式商业模式集成模式复合模式定制设计应用程序模式运行时模式 5、电子商务安全技术电子商务安全的基本概念加密与验证，防火墙技术，数字证书身份管理，单点登录 Web Service 安全 6、电子支付技术电子支付概述安全套接层协议 SSL 安全电子交易 SET 协议电子支付工具网上银行 7、随需应变解决方案的设计方案设计师的角色方案设计流程
天津大学《电子商务》课程教学大纲
课程编号：学时：学时分配：授课学院：适用专业：先修课程：
2160259
课程名称：电子商务 1
32
学分： 1.5
授课：16 上机：16 实验：实践：实践（周）：
计算机科学与技术学院
计算机科学与技术
程序设计原理，计算机网络，Web 开发技术
一．课程的性质与目的电子商务课程是一门用以培养学生了解电子商务原理，设计电子商务网站能
三．教学内容 1、电子商务概述电子商务的定义与分类电子商务的发展现状随需应变（On-demand）电子商务 2、构建 Web 应用技术客户/服务器模型，COOKIE 和 SESSION 的运用 WEB 应用模型，三层和 n 层架构模型 Web Service 的体系架构和 SOAP，UDDI，WSDL
六．教材与主要参考资料教材
电子商务，(美) G.P.Schneider，北京：机械工业出版社 2003.7 参考书
The Solution Designer’s Guide to IBM On Demand Business Solutions， IBM Redbook sg246248
制定人：审核人：批准人：批准日期：
确认方案的有效性对方案进行评估 8、综合实验（8 学时）设计一个简单的电子商务解决方案
四．学时分配
教学内容
授课
上机
实验
实践实践(周)
电子商务概述
2
构建 Web 应用技术
2
2
盈利模式
2
2
电子商务模式
2
2
电子商务安全技术
2
2
电子支付技术
2
4
随需应变解决方案的设计
4
4
总计：
16
16
五．评价与考核方式课程成绩：百分制 (1) 期末考试：80% (2) 上机实验+作业：20%
Constitutor: Reviewer: Authorizor: Date:
力的技术选修课。教学过程中综合运用先修课程中所学到的有关知识与技能，结合各种实践教学环节，进行 IT 工程技术人员所需的基本训练，为学生进一步学习有关专业课程和日后从事电子商务设计工作打下基础。
二．教学基本要求 1、掌握设计电子商务网站的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能，了解电子商务网站的架构并进行相应设计的能力； 2、具有综合运用各种工具设计电子商务网站工具的能力； 3、掌握电子商务应用的部署能力； 4、了解电子商务的新理论、新方法及发展趋向。
6. Text-Book & Additional Readings 1. Textbooks Gary Schneider, Electronic Commerce, Sixth Edition, Course Technology Incorporated, 2006, 0-619-21704-9 2. Additional Readings The Solution Designer’s Guide to IBM On Demand Business Solutions，IBM Redbook sg246248
This course will enable the students to (1) Systematically master basic principles and technologies of Electronic Commerce, (2) Master the methods of Electronic Commerce design, and has the ability to develop Electronic Commerce solution and Web site for applications according to actual requirements.