医学影像学英语名词解释

医学影像学名词解释

Accessory lobe: additional pleura extending into the pulmonary segments, forming additional pulmonary lobe. The most commonly seen are azygos lobe in the inner zone superior to the right hilum, and inferior accessory lobe in the inner zone of inferior lobe.

Air bronchogram sign : Because the air in the alveoli is replaced by exudates, while the air in the bronchus is not displaced and remain patent. This produces contrast between the air in the bronchial tree and the surrounding airless parenchyma.

Ankylosis of joint: bony or fibrous tissues connect the articular surface. In plain film, it is characterized by a narrowed articular space. Whether the trabeculae pass through the articular space distinguishes bony or fibrous ankylosis.

Artificial contrast:Those organs or spaces lack of natural contrast，can be renderde to be visible by means of contrast agents to create an artificial contrast.

Bone destruction: localized absence of normal bone tissue and replaced by pathological tissues. Both the cortical and spongy bone are destructed because of either the absorption of bone tissues or the activation of osteoclasts by the pathological tissue. In plain film, it appears to be a decrease in bone density locally, absence of normal bone tissue, and probably worm-eaten or sievelike cortical bone.

Cavity:formed as a result of the expulsion of necrotic tissues through bronchus. It can be devided into worm-eaten, thin-walled, and thick-walled cavities. often seen in TB, pulmonary abscess, and lung cancer.

Codman’ triangle: Codman’ triangle is due to direct erosion of the already formed periosteal new bone by fast growing tumor. Colles’ fracture : The fracture line is within 2-3cm from the articular end of the radius, the distal fragment is displaced dorsally and radially and is often associated with fracture of the styloid process of the ulna and separation of the radioulnar joint. CTR:the ratio between maximal transverse diameter of the heart: summation of maximal diameter from left and right margin of the heart respectively to the mid line, and maximal width of the thorax: a horizontal line passing through the right diaphragmatic apex between inner edges of the thorax. maximum in adults: 0.5 Degeneration of joint: degenerated and necrotic articular cartilage, replaced by fibrous tissues gradually. When the bony surface is involved, it can cause hyperostosis of the bone, which leads to rough articular surface, formation of osteophyte, and

ossification of ligament. It is often seen in weight-bearing or frequently used joints.

Destruction of bone: Bone tissue elimination caused by sclerotin partly substituted with pathologic organism. Roentgenologically,it shows osteolytic bone areas of decreased density and loss of bone structures.

Double contour: On PA film, the right border of an enlarged left atrium may produce an extra shadow superimposed on the right cardiac border, giving a double contour. Early gastric cancer : Early gastric cancer is define as carcinoma limited to the mucosa and submucosa regardless of the presence or absence of lymph node involvement.

Epiphyseal fracture: occurs in children’s long bone, for the epiphysis has not linked with metaphysic, so they may separate when there is an external force acting. In plain film, the epiphysis and metaphysis are not in the normal place, or the epiphyseal plate is broader than normal. The fracture line does not exist.

Filling Defect: Filling defect is caused by a space occuping mass producing defect on the barium . Fracture: a complete/ incomplete break in the continuity of a bone or a cartilage. Incomplete fractures include crack ~ and greenstick ~. Complete fractures include transverse, oblique, vertical, spiral, fragmented, impacted, compression , and avulsion ~.

Greenstick Fracture:Greenstick fracture occur almost exclusively during infancy and childhood. It is not easy for external force to cause the bone cortex complete break because of its pliant, so this kind of fracture showed buckling of the cortex without fracture lines or a transver fracture occur in the cortex, extending into the midport of the bone and then orienting along the longitudinal axis of the bone without disrupting the opposite cortex.

Hilar dance: u nder fluorescence, there will be an obviously enhanced pulsation of the hilar arteries in pulmonary hypertension, seen in congenital heart diseases with left-to-right shunt.

Hyperostosis osteoscleroses: osteosclerosis is abnormal hardening or increased density of bone on radiographs Intrapulmonary air containing space: pathological distension of physiological space in the lung. It appears to be a round translucency with a smooth wall about 1mm in X-rays. such as bullae and air containing bronchial cysts.