大学英语精读定稿版
大学英语精读4电子版教案
教学目标：1. 培养学生阅读理解能力，提高英语水平。
2. 使学生掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，提高英语应用能力。
3. 培养学生的跨文化交际能力，拓展国际视野。
教学内容：《大学英语精读4》教材包含30个单元，每个单元包括课文、词汇、语法和练习等内容。
教学时间：本教案适用于一个学期的教学，共计30课时。
教学重点：1. 课文理解：把握文章主题，理解文章结构，掌握文章内容。
2. 词汇学习：掌握课文中的重点词汇，了解其用法和搭配。
3. 语法学习：掌握课文中的重点语法知识，提高语法运用能力。
教学步骤：第一课时：Unit 11. 导入：介绍本单元的主题，激发学生学习兴趣。
2. 课文朗读：教师带领学生朗读课文，注意语音、语调。
3. 课文理解：引导学生分析文章结构，理解文章内容。
4. 词汇学习：讲解课文中的重点词汇，并进行练习。
5. 语法学习：讲解课文中的重点语法知识，并进行练习。
6. 课后作业：布置课后阅读和练习任务。
第二课时：Unit 21. 复习上节课内容：检查学生的课文理解、词汇和语法掌握情况。
2. 课文朗读：教师带领学生朗读课文，注意语音、语调。
3. 课文理解：引导学生分析文章结构，理解文章内容。
4. 词汇学习：讲解课文中的重点词汇，并进行练习。
5. 语法学习：讲解课文中的重点语法知识，并进行练习。
6. 课后作业：布置课后阅读和练习任务。
以此类推，完成其他单元的教学。
教学评价：1. 课堂表现：观察学生在课堂上的参与度、回答问题的准确性。
2. 课后作业：检查学生的课后阅读和练习完成情况。
3. 考试：通过单元测试和期末考试，评估学生的整体学习效果。
教学资源：1. 《大学英语精读4》教材2. 电子教案3. 课后练习册4. 网络资源（如英语学习网站、在线词典等）教学反思：在教学过程中，教师应根据学生的实际情况调整教学策略，关注学生的学习需求，提高教学质量。
同时，教师应不断丰富教学内容，拓展学生的国际视野，培养学生的跨文化交际能力。
大学英语精读第一册Unit-1-The-dinner-Party
1 2 3
Warm-up Questions
Background Information Activities Text Text Analysis
New words and Phrases
4
5 6
Frailty, thy name is woman!——William Shakespeare
The Dinner Party
Read in
• General Reading
narrative text
Time
during the colonial period
General Reading
Characters a colonial official and his wife, and
• 4.In the discussion, the young girl points out that women are braver than men. • F • The girl only means women are now braver than they were in the past. • 5. When the American naturalist notices a strange expression coming over the hostess’ face, he immediately knows that there is a snake in the room. • F • It is not until he sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda that he knows that.
大学英语精读第三版
大学英语精读第三版大学英语精读第三版They were going to Fort Lauderdale -- three boys and three girls -- and when they boarded the bus, they were carrying sandwiches and wine in pa-pe-r bags, dreaming of golden beaches and sea tides as the gray, cold spring of Now York vanished behind them.As the bus passed through New Jersey, they began to notice Vingo. He sat in front of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dusty face masking his age. He kept chewing the inside of his lip a lot, frozen into complete silence.Deep into the night, outside Washington, the bus pulled into Howard Johnson's, and everybody got off except Vingo. He sat rooted in his seat, and the young people began to wonder about him, trying to imagine his life: perhaps he was a sea captain, a runaway from his wife, an old soldier going home. When they went back to the bus, one of the girls sat beside him and introduced herself."We're going to Florida," she said brightly. "I hear it's really beautiful.""It is," he said quietly, as if remembering something he had tried to forget."Want some wine?" she said. He smiled and took a swig from the bottle. He thanked her and retreated again into his silence. After a while, she went back to the others, and Vingo nodded in sleep.In the morning, they awoke outside another Howard Johnson's, and this time Vingo went in. The girl insisted that he join them. He seemed very shy, and ordered black coffee andsmoked nervously as the young people chattered about sleeping on beaches. When they returned to the bus, the girl sat with Vingo again, and after a while, slowly and painfully, he began go tell his story. He had been in jail in New York for the past four years, and now he was going home."Are you married?""I don't know.""You don't know?" she said."Well, when I was in jail I wrote to my wife," he said. "I told her that I was going to be away a long time, and that if she couldn't stand it, if the kids kept askin' questions, if it hurt her too much, well, she could jus forget me. I'd understand. Get a new guy , I said -- she's a wonderful woman, really something -- and forget about me. I told her she didn't have to write me. And she didn't. Not for three and a half years.""And you're going home now, not knowing?""Yeah," he said shyly. "Well, last week, when I was sure the parole was coming through, I wrote the again. We used to live in Brunswick, just Before Jacksonville, and there's a big oak tree just as you come into town, I told her that if she didn't have a new guy and if she'd take me back, she should put a yellow handkerchief on the tree, and I'd get off and come home. If she didn't want me, forget it -- no handkerchief, and I'd go on through.""Wow," the girl exclaimed. "Wow."She told the others, and soon all of them were in it, caught up in the approach of Brunswick, looking at the pictures Vingo showed them of his wife and three children -- the woman handsome in a plain way, the children still unformed in the much-handled snapshots.Now they were 20 miles from Brunswick, and the young people took over window seats on the right side, waiting for the approach of the great oak tree. Vingo stopped looking, tightening his face, as id fortifying himself against still another disappointment.Then Brunswick was 10 miles, and then five. Then, suddenly, all of the young people were up out of their seats, screaming and shouting and crying, doing small dances of joy. All except Vingo.Vingo sat there stunned, looking at the oak tree. It was covered with yellow handkerchiefs -- 20 of them, 30 of them, maybe hundreds, a tree that stood like a banner of welcome billowing in the wind. As the young people shouted, the old con slowly rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus to go home.NEW WORDSmysteriousa. strange 神密的mysteryn.folkloren. 民间传说reappearvi. appear again after an absence 再(出)现anewad. in a new or different way; again 重新;再sometimead. at some uncertain or unstated time 某个时候tiden. 潮汐vanishvi. disappearill-fittinga. 不合身的dustya. covered with dust 满是灰尘的maskvt. hide 遮盖;掩盖rootv. (cause to) be fixed and unmoving(使)生根;(使)固定runawayn. a person that has left home or escaped逃跑者，出逃者brightlyad. in a bright manner, cheerfully欢快地，高兴地swingn. a long and large drink痛饮retreatvi. go back; withdraw 退缩;退却，撤退chattervi. talk fast and noisily about sth. unimportant 喋喋不休painfullyad. in great discomfort 痛苦地painfula.jailn. prison 监狱guyn. (AmE sl.) man; fellow 人;家伙yeahad. (AmE) yesparolen. conditional release from prison 假释oakn. 橡树wowinterj. an expression of surprise 哇，呀exclaimvt. Cry out suddenly because of surprise, anger, pain, etc. 惊叫，叫喊说approachn. coming near or nearer 接近，临近unformeda. immature 发育未全的handlevt. touch, feel or use (sth) with the hand(s) 触，摸，抚弄snapshot【大学英语精读第三版】。
大学英语精读第1册（9）
大学英语精读第1册（9）UNIT 9TEXTThroughout the ages different ideas have been expressed about the workings of the human brain. It is only recently, however, that science has begun to give us some idea of how the brain really works.The Brain The Most Powerful Computer in the UniverseMan still has lot to learn about the most powerful and complex part of his body - the brain.In ancient times men did not think that the brain was the center of mental activity. Aristotle the philosopher of ancient Greece thought that the mind was based in the heart. It was not until the 18th century that man realized that the whole of the brain was involved in the workings of the mind.During the 19th century scientists found that when certain parts of the brain were damaged men lost the ability to do certain things. And so, people thought that each part of the brain controlled a different activity. But modern research has found that this is not so. It is not easy to say exactly what each part of the brain does.In the past 50 years there has been a great increase in the amount of research being done on the brain. Chemists andbiologists have found that the way the brain works is far more complicated than they had thought. In fact many people believe that we are only now really starting to learn the truth about how the human brain works. The more scientists find out, the more questions they are unable to answer. For instance, chemists have found that over 100,00 chemical reactions take place in the brain every second. Mathematicians who have tried to use computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos. Some recent research also suggests that we remember everything that happens to us. We may not be able to recall this information, but it is all stored in our brains.Scientists hope that if we can discover how the brain works, the better use we will be able to put it to. For example, how do we learn language? Man differs most from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use language but we still do not know exactly how this is done. Some children learn to speak and read and write when they are very young compared to average children. But scientists are not sure why this happens. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.Earlier scientists thought that during a man's lifetime the power of his brain decreased. But it is now thought that this is not so. As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power. It has been found that an old person who has always been mentally active has a quicker mind than a young person who has done only physical work. It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do.Other people now believe that we use only 1% of our brains' full potential. They say that the only limit on the power of the brain is the limit of what we think is possible. This is probably because of the way we are taught as children. When we first start learning to use our minds we are told what to do, for example, to remember certain facts, but we are not taught how our memory works and how to make the best use of it. We are told to make notes but we are not taught how our brains accept information and which is the best way to organize the information we want our brains to accept.This century man has made many discoveries about the universe - the world outside himself. But he has also started to look into the workings of that other universe which is inside himself -the human brain.NEW WORDSComputer machine that stores information and works out answers 计算机Universe 宇宙Complex difficult to understand or explain 错综复杂的，难懂的Ancient in or of times long ago 古代的；古老的Philosopher 哲学家Philosophy 哲学Involve cause to become connected or concerned 使卷入Working operation; action 运转，运行，活动Ability 能力Exactly with complete correctness 确切地；精确地ExactAmount 数量，数额Chemist one who studies and understands chemistry 化学家Biologist one who studies the life of animals and plants 生物学家Biology 生物学Complicated difficult to understand, complex 难懂的，复杂的Chemical of chemistryUnable not ableReaction 反应Mathematician one who studies and understands mathematics 数学家Equipment 设备，装置EquipKilo 公斤，千克Recent done or made not long ago 近来的Recall remember 记得，回忆起Differ be different (from)Mentally 智力上，脑力上Physical of the body; of matter; of the science of physics 身体的，物质的，物理学的Potential 潜力Limit 局限，限度PHRASES EXPRESSIONSPut ... to (good) use use (in a profitable way) (好好) 利用Differ from be dissimilar to 与 ... 不同Compared to . with in comparison with 与 ... 相比Make notes take notes 记笔记Look into examine 调查，观察PROPER NAMESAristotle 亚里士多德Greece 希腊NOTES1 This text is taken from BBC Modern English (January 1981) and the author is Hugh Corrigan.2 Aristotle (384-322 B.C.): Greek philosopher, pupil of Plato and tutor of Alexander the Great.STUDY PRACTICEWords to DrillAbility amount ancient chemical complexComplicated differ equipment exactly involveLimit physical potential reaction recallRecent unableuniverseReading Aloud and Memorizing1 Read the following paragraph until you learn it by heart, paying attention to sense groups and the sentence stress: `Scientists `hope that if we can dis `cover `how the `brain `sorks, the `better `use we will be `able to `put it `to. For e`xample, ``how do we `learn `language? `Man `differs `most from `all the `other `animals in his a `bility to `learn and `use `language but we `still do `not `know e`xactly `how this is `done. `some `children `learn to `speak and `read and `write when they are `very `youngcom `pared to `average `children. But `scientists are `not sure `why this `happens. They are `trying to `find `out `whether there is `something about the way we `teach `language to `children `which in `fact pre `vents `children from `learning `sooner.Comprehension of the Text2 Tell whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text:1.In ancient times it was believed that it was the heart that did the thinking for man.2.Modern research has found that each part of the brain is responsible for a different mental or physical activity.3.The way we are taught to do things and to organize information may be very different from how our brain actually accepts information. Hence (因此) our way may not be the best.4.The brain will not decrease in its power to function as long as it is given plenty of work to do.5.Because of a great increase in the amount of brain research, scientists have answered most of their questions about the workings of the mind.6.A person keeps in mind everything that happens to him. Yet it is still possible for him not to be able to recall something that's stored in his memory.7.Note -making is the best way to organize the information we want our brains to accept.8.If we know how the human brain learns to use language, perhaps we may be able to find a better way to teach language.3 Answer the following questions:1.Who was Aristotle? What did he think about the mind?When did man finally come to realize that Aristotle was wrong on this point?2.What led people to think that each part of the brain controlled a different activity? Is it still believed to be true?3.Why is the brain thought to be the most powerful computer in the universe?4.Is research on the brain already at an advanced stage? What makes you think so?5.Why are some scientists interested in the language learning process?6.In what way can we make our brain more active?7.Does the power of the brain decrease as one gets old according to the author?How does he prove this? Do you agree with him? Is his argument convincing (有说服力的) enough for you?8.Do we know at present how our brain accepts and organizes information?Are scientists working to gain this knowledge?For what purpose are they doing this?Vocabulary4 Study the following pairs of words and use them correctly in the given sentences:1. heart / mind(1)The bad news broke my ________ .(2)Tom works very hard and never loses _______ in face of difficulties.(3)I promise that I will always keep your warnings in ______ .(4)To my _______, this guy is a good - for -nothing (无用的人).(5)Were you in your right _______ when you did such a foolish thing? I think you must have been out of your _______ .(6)Don't take his rude words too much to ________. He often speaks like that.2. find / find out(1)He became so interested in her life story that he decided to ______ more about her.(2)The librarian promised to _______ me the book I wanted.(3)I'll try and ______ who broke the transistor (晶体管收音机)(4)I ______ this to be true in all the cities I visited.(5)Two of the young men were sent to town to ______ about the situation there.(6)The wind was blowing all night. But the next morning. I ______ the rice shoots (秧苗) standing up straight, not a bit damaged.5 Fill in the blanks with words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.Potential differ universe make notes compared toPhysical look into recall involve complicatedEquipment damage amount put ... to good use1.More than two substances(物质) _______ in this chemical reaction.2.If you don't know how to ______ your books ______, give them to others.3.If we compare our earth with the moon, we will find that the former _____ from the latter in many ways.4.The _____ of money one earns is not the only measure of success.5.In the earthquake many houses were ______ and some weredestroyed.6.The police are ______ the records of all those _______ in the crime(罪行).7.The multiple origins (多种来源) of the English language make it a ______ one for the non - native speakers to learn.8.These young people have a _____ for learning which has been neglected.9.______ most women of her time, she was indeed very fortunate.10.Americans who were old enough can clearly _____ what they were doing on November 22, 1963, the day President Kennedy was assassinated (暗杀) in Dallas.11.His new theory might hold the key to understanding how the _____ came into being.12.A ______ examination is required for a marriage license (证书).13.Knowledge of the use of specialized _______ is important in any technical field.14.Students often, but not always, find it necessary to _______ of their professors' lectures.6 Complete the following sentences, using the words in brackets:1.It seems that he cannot understand the simplest instructions.He seems ... (unable)2.Even teachers of the same subject often have very different teaching styles.Teaching styles often ... (differ)3.Chinese cities are bigger in terms of population than most American cities.Most American cities ... (compared to)4.No other animalbut man is able to learn and use language.Man alone ... (ability)5.It is far from simple to communicate with people of different cultures, but not impossible.Communication with ... (complex)6.The place where we had agreed to meet escaped from my memory.I could ... (recall)8 Study the following words. Then use them to rewrite the given sentences without changing their meaning.Findings writings teachings savings earnings1.What the committee(委员会) finds will be published in the Daily News.2.At the beginning, he gave all the money he earned to his mother.3.It took all the money he had saved to buy the house.4.What Darwin wrote on evolution (进化) produced a tremendous impact (巨大影响) on the development of biology.5.What Comrade Mao Zedong taught us about the united front is still of great significance (重要性) today.Structure9 Rewrite the give sentences after the models:Model 1: Earlier scientists thought that during a man's lifetime the power of his brain decreased gradually.It was thought that during a man's lifetime the power of his brain decreased gradually.1.In ancient times people believed that the mind was based in the heart.2.People now claim (声称) that it is never too early to learn.3.Some scientists believe that the left side of the human brain is responsible for logic(逻辑).4.Man discovered long ago that the earth is round.Model 2: Man didn't realize that the brain controlled our thinking until the 18thCentury.It was not until the 18th century that man realized that the brain controlled our thinking.Not until the 18th century did man realize that the brain controlled our thinking.1.He didn't fall asleep until after midnight.2.Scientists didn't know much about lung cancer until recently.3.The boy never remembered to do his homework until bedtime.4.He was not recognized as a writer of genius (天才) until after his death.Model 3: If we work harder, we will get better results.The harder we work, the better results we will get.1.If we know more about the workings of the brain, we'll be able to put it to better use.2.As scientists find out more about the brain, there are more questions they are unable to answer.3.If we have more exercise, we will be healthier.4.If you have better tools, the job will be easier.Cloze10 Fill in the missing words:(A)The human brain and its p_____(1) for learning is a c_____(2) subject which scientists have long sought to understand. The knowledge scientists now possess d_____(3) greatly from the theories of a_____(4) times; however, even r_____(5) study has left many questions unanswered. One question which scientists continue to look into is whether there is a l____(6) to the brain's a_____(7) to take in and r____(8) information. Another is e_____(9) how learning takes place in the brain. Though now our knowledge is great as c_______ t_______(10) earlier times, we have remained u____(11) to completely understand this c_____(12) part of the human body.(B)1You probably know there are two sides to the brain, the left and the fight. According _____(1) one theory, the right side deals ______(2) the senses (what we see, ____(3), feel and smell). It's the creative (有创造力的) imaginative _____(4) . The left side is concerned _____(5) logic. It analyses(分析) information and puts _____(6) in order. It's the 'educated' _____(7) of the brain.Scientists believe that our brains will____(8) at least 75% more effectively if ______ _____(9) sides are exercised. In fact, in some schools, experiments have been _____(10) using a 50%--50% syllabus(教学大纲) That is, a syllabus ____(11) deals 50% with logic and 50% ____(12) creative skills and therefore exercises _____(13) sides of the brain. The results of students _____(14) were working from such a syllabus were _____(15) better than the results of students _____(16) from the more traditional (传统的) syllabus _____(17) concentrates on more 'logical' items and _____(18) only exercises the left side of the brain, without much attention ____(19) the right side.2.Most forgetting takes place immediately after learning._____(1) hour after studying or learning _____(2) new, more than 50% has been _____(3). After one month 80% has been forgotten _____(4) so on.This shows that review is very I____(5). If you review the material _____(6) have just learnt, you remember much more. It's important to ______(7) newly learnt material a little and often. It's also necessary to ____(8) frequent breaks. We best remember ______(9) we learn at the beginning ____(10) a learning period and at the point ____(11) we stop. After the break, it's necessary to review what was _____(12) before the break - and then to c_____(13) learning the new material.Other experiments have a______(14) that the brain needs time to digest(消化) _____(15) HAS BEEN LEARNT. The time necessary ______(16) this is 5 to 10 minutes. After a ______(17) of this time the memory _____(18) have absorbed (吸收) what it has _____(19) learnt, and more will be remembered. ______(20) this break it is important to e_____(21) the right side of the brain, ___(22) the left side is used during a learning period. ___(23) you should relax in some way. _____(24) to music, breathing in fresh _____(25) , and looking at a picture, are all ways of using the ____(26) side of the brain.Translation11 Translate the following sentences into English:1．某些化学品（chemicals）不该混和在一起，因为它们可能引起剧烈的（violent）反应。
大学英语精读第三版(上海外语教育出版社 董亚芬主编)第一册 Book1
大学英语精读第三版(上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编)第一册 Book1.txt会计说：“你晚点来领工资吧，我这没零钱。
”你看得出我擦了粉吗？虽然你身上喷了古龙水，但我还是能隐约闻到一股人渣味儿。
既宅又腐，前途未卜。
既宅又腐，前途未卜。
你被打胎后是怎么从垃圾桶里逃出来的?史上最神秘的部门：有关部门。
不可否认，马赛克是这个世纪阻碍人类裸体艺术进步最大的障碍！大学英语精读第三版(上海外语教育出版社董亚芬主编)第一册 Book1 Unit1~Unit10 翻译答案【Unit1 翻译】1) 史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。
Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter.2) 我坚信，阅读简写的 (simplified) 英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。
I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.3) 我认为我们在保护环境不受污染 (pollution) 方面还做得不够。
I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution.4) 除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。
In addition to/Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation.5) 我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。
大学英语精读第三版第四册课文及课文翻译
大学英语精读第三版第四册课文及课文翻译Unit 1TextTwo college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that if something seems to good to be true, it probably is.BIG BUCKS THE EASY W AYJohn G. Hubbell"You ought to look into this," I suggested to our two college-age sons. "It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone bad hung on our doorknob. A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work ("Big Bucks the Easy Way!") of delivering more such bags."I don't mind the indignity," the older one answered."I can live with it," his brother agreed."But it pains me," I said，"to find that you both have been panhandling so long that it no longer embarrasses you."The boys said they would look into the magazine-delivery thing. Pleased, I left town on a business trip. By midnight I was comfortably settled in a hotel room far from home. The phone rang. It was my wife. She wanted to know how my day had gone."Great!" I enthused. "How was your day?" I inquired."Super!" She snapped. "Just super! And it's only getting started. Another truck just pulled up out front.""Another truck?""The third one this evening. The first delivered four thousand Montgomery Wards. The second brought four thousand Sears, Roebucks. I don't know what this one has, but I'm sure it will be four thousand of something. Since you are responsible, I thought you might like to know what's happening.What I was being blamed for, it turned out, was a newspaper strike which made it necessary to hand-deliver the advertising inserts that normally are included with the Sunday paper. The company had promised our boys $600 for delivering these inserts to 4,000 houses by Sunday morning."Piece of cake!" our older college son had shouted." Six hundred bucks!" His brother had echoed, "And we can do the job in two hours!""Both the Sears and Ward ads are four newspaper-size pages," my wife informed me. "There are thirty-two thousand pages of advertising on our porch. Even as we speak, two big guys are carrying armloads of paper up the walk. What do we do about all this?""Just tell the boys to get busy," I instructed. "They're college men. They'll do what they have to do."At noon the following day I returned to the hotel and found an urgent message to telephone my wife. Her voice was unnaturally high and quavering. There had been several more truckloads of ad inserts. "They're for department stores, dime stores, drugstores, grocery stores, auto stores and so on. Some are whole magazine sections. We have hundreds of thousands, maybe millions, of pages of advertising here! They are crammed wall-to-wall all through the house in stacks taller than your oldest son. There's only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleveninserts, roll them together, slip a rubber band around them and slide them into a plastic bag. We have enough plastic bags to supply every takeout restaurant in America!" Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. "All this must be delivered by seven o'clock Sunday morning.""Well, you had better get those guys banding and sliding as fast as they can, and I'll talk to you later. Got a lunch date.When I returned, there was another urgent call from my wife."Did you have a nice lunch?" she asked sweetly. I had had a marvelous steak, but knew better by now than to say so."Awful," I reported. "Some sort of sour fish. Eel, I think.""Good. Your college sons have hired their younger brothers and sisters and a couple of neighborhood children to help for five dollars each. Assembly lines have been set up. In the language of diplomacy, there is 'movement.'""That's encouraging.""No, it's not," she corrected. "It's very discouraging. They're been as it for hours. Plastic bags have been filled and piled to the ceiling, but all this hasn't made a dent, not a dent, in the situation! It's almost as if the inserts keep reproducing themselves!""Another thing," she continued. "Your college sons must learn that one does not get the best out of employees by threatening them with bodily harm.Obtaining an audience with son NO. 1, I snarled, "I'll kill you if threaten one of those kids again! Idiot! You should be offering a bonus of a dollar every hour to the worker who fills the most bags."But that would cut into our profit," he suggested."There won't be any profit unless those kids enable you to make all the deliveries on time. If they don't, you two will have to remove all that paper by yourselves. And there will be no eating or sleeping until it is removed."There was a short, thoughtful silence. Then he said, "Dad, you have just worked a profound change in my personality.""Do it!""Yes, sir!"By the following evening, there was much for my wife to report. The bonus program had worked until someone demanded to see the color of cash. Then some activist on the work force claimed that the workers had no business settling for $5 and a few competitive bonuses while the bossed collected hundreds of dollars each. The organizer had declared that all the workers were entitled to $5 per hour! They would not work another minute until the bosses agreed.The strike lasted less than two hours. In mediation, the parties agreed on $2 per hour. Gradually, the huge stacks began to shrink.As it turned out, the job was completed three hours before Sunday's 7 a.m. deadline. By the time I arrived home, the boys had already settled their accounts: $150 in labor costs, $40 for gasoline, and a like amountfor gifts—boxes of candy for saintly neighbors who had volunteered station wagons and help in delivery and dozen roses for their mother. This left them with $185 each — about two-thirds the minimum wage for the 91 hours they worked. Still, it was "enough", as one of them put it, to enable them to "avoid indignity" for quite a while.All went well for some weeks. Then one Saturday morning my attention was drawn to the odd goings-on of our two youngest sons. They kept carrying carton after carton from various corners of the house out the front door to curbside. I assumed their mother had enlisted them to remove junk for a trash pickup. Then I overheard them discussing finances."Geez, we're going to make a lot of money!""We're going to be rich!"Investigation revealed that they were offering " for sale or rent" our entire library."No! No!" I cried. "You can't sell our books!""Geez, Dad, we thought you were done with them!""You're never 'done' with books," I tried to explain."Sure you are. You read them, and you're done with them. That's it. Then you might as well make a little money from them. We wanted to avoid the indignity of having to ask you for……"一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动，被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
《大学英语精读》(预备级)教学大纲
《大学英语》(College English)课程教学大纲（艺术本科）一、课程代码：二、课程类型：必修课三、课程性质：公共课四、学分：16课时：256五、考核方式：考试六、先修课程：高中英语七、适用专业：艺术设计专业（本科）八、课程教学目标：学生能在大学一，二年级的英语学习中，将英语学习的听，说，读，写，译各个方面能力提高到一个新的阶段。
教学环节应覆盖课前预习，课堂讲授，习题讨论，课后深化扩展各个环节，教学内容应体现教学目的。
具体要求如下：①词汇：学生应从800词起点逐步掌握4200词。
其中复用式掌握2500词。
掌握的重点在于这些词的a)语言中最常见的词形。
b)词汇的核心用法c)它们构成的典型组合搭配，并具有按照词语基本构成，词法识别生词的能力。
②语法：巩固和加强基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。
③阅读能力：阅读是掌握语言知识，打好语言基础，获取信息的重要渠道。
阅读能力是大部分大学生今后工作所需要的主要语言技能，在大学英语教学要始终注重阅能力的培养。
具体来说，学生应能通过学习，顺利阅读语言难度中等的一般性题材的文章。
掌握中心大意以及说明中心大意的事实和细节，并能进行一定的分析，推理和判断。
领会作者的观点和态度。
阅读速度达到每分钟70词。
在阅读篇幅较长，难度较低，生词不超过总阅读3%的材料时，能掌握中心大意，抓住主要事实和有关细节。
阅读速度达到每分钟100词。
④听的能力：随着交际的需要和大学英语四级题型的改变我们发现对学生听的能力做了进一步的提高，在此基础上，学生应能基本听懂英语授课，并能听懂题材熟悉，句子结构比较简单，基本上无生词，语速为130-150词的简短会话，谈话，报道和讲座，掌握其中心大意，抓住要点和有关细节，领会讲话者的观点和态度。
⑤说的能力：能就教材内容和适当的听力材料进行问答和复述，能用英语进行一般的日常会话，能就听熟悉的话题经过准备后做简短发言，表达思想比较清楚，语音语调基本正确。
大学英语精读课文、翻译
大学英语精读一课文加翻译（转自baidu知道）Some Strategies for Learning EnglishLearning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort.学习英语绝非易事.它需要刻苦和长期努力.Nevertheless, while you cannot export to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them.虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语,然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些.一下便是其中的几种.1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according it how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committedto memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary.不要以完全相同的方式对待所有的生词.你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差?其实,责任并不在你的记忆力.如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑,必定有一些生词会被挤出来.你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们.积极词汇需要经常练习,有用的词汇必须牢记,而在日常情况下不常出现的次只需要见到时认识即可.你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径.2. Watch out for idiomatic ways of saying things. Have you ever wondered why we say, “I am interested in English”, but “I am good at French”? And have you ever asked yourself why native English speakers say, “learn the news or secret”, but “learn of someone’s success or arrival”? These are all examples of idiomatic usage. In learning English, you must pay attention not only to the meaning of a word, but also to the way native speakers use it in their daily lives.密切注意地道的表达方式.你可曾纳闷过,为什么我们说“我对英语感兴趣”是“I’m interested in English”, 而说“我精于法语”则是“I’m good at French”? 你可曾问过自己,为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或秘密”是“learn the news or secret”, 而“获悉某人的成功或到来”是“learn of someone’s success or arrival”?这些都是惯用法的例子.再学习英语时,你不仅必须注意词义,还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它.3. Listen to English every day. Listening to English on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. In addition to language tapes especially prepared for your course, you can also listen to English radio broadcasts, watch English TV, and see English movies. The first time you listen to a taped conversation or passage in English, you may not be able to catch a great deal. Try to get its general meaning first and listen to it over and over again. You will find that with each repetition you will get something more.每天听英语.经常听英语不仅不提高你的听力,而且有助你培养说的技能.除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外,你还可以听英语广播,看英语电视和英语电影.第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段,你也许不能听懂很多.先试着听懂大意,然后再反复地听.你会发现每次重复都会听懂很多更多的东西.4. Seize opportunities to speak. It is true that there are few situations at school where you have to communicate in English, but you can seek out opportunities to practice speaking the language. Talking with your classmates, for example, can be an easy and enjoyable wayto get some practice. Also try to find native speaker on your campus and feel free to talk with them. Perhaps the easiest way to practice speaking is to rehearse aloud, since this can be done at any time, in any place, and without a partner. For instance, you can look at pictures or objects around you and try to describe them in detail. You can also rehearse everyday situations. After you have made a purchase in a shop or finished a meal in a restaurant and paid the check, pretend that all this happened in an English-speaking country and try to act it out in English.抓住机会说.的确,在学校里必须用英语交流的场合并不多,但你还是可以找到练习的英语的机会.例如,跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式.还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈.或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读,因为这在任何时间,任何地方,不需要搭档就可以做到.例如,你可以看着图片或身边的物件,试着对它们详加描述.你还可以复述日常情景.在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后,假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家,试着用英语把它表演出来.5. Read widely. It is important to read widely because is our learning environment; reading is the main and most reliable source of language input. When you choose reading materials, look for things that you find interesting, that you can understand without relying toomuch on a dictionary. A page a day is a good way to start. As you go on, you will find that you can do more pages a day and handle materials at a higher lever of difficulty.广泛阅读.广泛阅读很重要,因为在我们的学习环境中,阅读是最重要,最可靠的语言输入来源.在选择阅读材料时,要找你认为有趣的,不需要过多依赖词典就能看懂的东西.开始时每天读一页是个好办法.接下去,你就会发现你每天可以读更多页,而且能对付难度更高的材料.6. Write regularly. Writing is a good way to practice what you already know. Apart from compositions assigned by your teacher, you may find your own reasons for writing. A pen pal provides good motivation; you will learn a lot by trying to communicate with someone who shares your interests, but comes from a different culture. Other ways to write regularly include keeping a diary, writing a short story and summarizing the daily news.经常写,写作是练习你已经学会的东西的好方法.除了老师布置的作文,你还可以找到自己要写的理由.有个笔友可以提供很好的动力;与某个跟你趣味相投但来自不同文化的人进行交流,你会学到很多东西.经常写作的其他方式还有记日记,写小故事或概述每天的新闻.Language learning is a process of accumulation. It pays to absorb as much as you can from reading and listening and then try to put what you have learned into practice through speaking and writing.语言学习是一个积累的过程.从读和听中吸收尽量多的东西,然后再试着把学到的东西通过说和写.。
《大学英语精读》课程教学大纲
《大学英语精读》课程教学大纲课程代码：课程中文名称:新视野大学英语读写教程课程英文名称：New Horizon College English课程类别：基础课课程学分数：无课程学时数：12×2=24授课对象：预科前导课程：无一、教学目的精读是基础阶段教学的一门必修课，也是帮助学生打下较扎实的语言基础的一门实践基础课。
英语精读课的目的在于培养学生掌握良好的语言学习方法，增强自主学习能力，提高综合文化素养，使他们具有较强的英语综合应用能力。
同时旨在提高学生应用语言的能力，具体包括培养学生听、说、读、写、译五个方面的能力，扩大学生词汇量，使学生具备较强的运用语言的能力。
精读选材注重趣味性、信息性、可思性和前瞻性。
题材广泛，内容丰富，主要涉及语言、文化、习俗、伦理、信息、科学、社会焦点等。
精读课要加强学生基础知识的学习，以培养读、写、译的能力为主，辅以听说训练，全面培养运用语言的能力。
二、教学要求本课程以每单元的Section A为精讲内容，深入讲解课文语言点、语法点、重点词汇及句型的运用。
Section B只要以理解课文大意为主，扩大词汇量，提高学生阅读理解能力。
Section C作为泛读材料，提供给学生课外阅读，在课堂上进行必要的检查。
三、教学方式针对精读课教学的特点，课堂教学应贯穿以学生为主体、教师为主导的教学模式。
在讲解重点词汇，句型运用的同时应辅以大量的翻译和写作实践，在大量的翻译和写作训练中培养学生运用语言的能力。
在加强训练的同时，采用启发式、讨论式、发现式和研究式的教学方法，充分调动学生学习的积极性，激发学生的学习动机，最大限度地让学生参与学习的全过程。
指导学生利用现有图书资料和网上信息获取知识。
四、课程内容与学时分配第二学期：第一讲：Unit 4 section A: Stopping Smoking in Public Places?I.Main content:ⅰ. Listen to recording of new words and learn new wordsii. Lead-in questionsII. Comprehension of the text第二讲:Unit 4 section A: Stopping Smoking in Public Places?Main content: I. Language points of the textprehension exercise of the textIII. Discussion on the topic of “How Does Smoking Hurt People’s Health?”第三讲：Unit 4 section A: Stopping Smoking in Public Places?I. Main content：Exercises of translation and vocabularyII. Grammar: sentences of implied conditionIII.Pronunciation reviewIV.Practicing of pronunciation第四讲：Unit 4 section B: A Decision Made Too LateMain content: ⅰ. Review the words in section Aii. Learn the new words and language points in section Bprehension of the textIII. ExercisesIV. Instruction of section C第五讲:Unit 5 Section A: Too Many Choices in ShoppingI.Main content: ⅰ. Check the answers of unit 4 section Cii. Listen to recording of new words and learn new wordsⅲ. Lead-in questionsprehension of the textIII. Discussion on the topic of “The Advantages and Disadvantages in Advertising”第六讲：Unit 5 Section A: Too Many Choices in ShoppingI. Main content: ⅰ. Review the new words in section Anguage points of the textII. Comprehension exercise of the textIII. Practice of some important expressing and language points第七讲：Unit 5 Section A: Too Many Choices in ShoppingI. Main content：I. Grammar: bare infinitivesii. Review the learned vowels.II.Practice of pronunciationIII.Exercise of translation and vocabulary第八讲：Unit 5 Section B: Advertising EverywhereI. Main content: ⅰ. Review the words in section Aii. Learn the new words and language points in section B prehension of the textIII. . ExercisesIV. Instruction of section C第九讲：Middle Examination第十讲：Unit 6 Section A: The More You Give, the Happier You BecomeⅠMain content: ⅰ. Check the answers of unit 5 section Cii Listen to recording of new words and learn new wordsⅲ. Lead-in questionsnguage points of the textIII.Discuss the story of Lei Feng第十一讲：Unit 6 Section A: The More You Give, the Happier You BecomeI. Main content: ⅰ. Review the words in section Aii. Exercises of translation and new words第十二讲：Unit 6 Section A: The More You Give, the Happier You BecomeMain content:Ⅰ.Grammar: comparison of to do patterns and -ing patternsII. Pronunciation of consonants第十三讲：Unit 6 Section B: Keep Alive Your Sense of HumorⅠMain content: ⅰ. Review the words in section Aii. Learn the new words and language points in section B prehension of the textIII. Exercises of vocabularyIII.Instruction of section C第十四讲：Unit 7 Section A: Why Getting Married So YoungⅠMain content：ⅰ. Check the answers of unit 6 section Cii. Listen to recording of new words and learn new wordsⅲ. Lead-in questionsII. Discussion on the topic: Campus Lovenguage points of text.第十五讲：Unit 7 Section A: Why Getting Married So YoungⅠ.Main content:II. Review the words in section AIII. Language points of text.第十六讲：Unit 7 Section A: Why Getting Married So YoungⅠGrammar: the verb tense in wish clause.II. Pronunciation of consonantsIII. Practice of pronunciation第十七讲：Unit 7 Section B: Love or Infatuation?ⅠMain content: ⅰ. Review the words in section Aii. Learn the new words and language points in section B prehension of the textIII. . ExercisesIV. Instruction of section C第十八讲：Review the new words and language points in unit 4 to unit 7五、教材与参考书《新视野大学英语读写教程》（预备级1）外语教学与研究出版社总主编：郑树棠顾嘉祖，陆昇.《语言与文化》[M].上海外语教育出版社，2002.张道真.《实用英语语法》[M].外语教学与研究出版社，2002.六、考核方式1．考核形式：闭卷考试。
大学英语精读第四册
大学英语精读第四册Unit one: Big Bucks the Easy Way Introductory RemarksIn the United States of America Family background or personal influence plays a much less important role than in many other societies. Anyone who wants to become successful has to rely mainly on his own efforts. That’s why many American parents encourage their children to do part-time jobs while studying in college or even in high school. This is of great benefit to the young people not only financially but also in the development and formation of character, for in the process of work, they can learn a lot of things which are impossible for them to acquire (= get / obtain) from their textbooks at school.In this story, for instance, the two college sons have to develop management skills quickly in order to get their work done; they have to learn cooperation, team work, efficiency and business ethics (理念)in order to meet the real world’s deadlines. And the two youngest sons have also to learn that “you are never done with books”, because books teach us knowledge and theories which are as important as, if not more important than, practical experience.Written in a humorous style (幽默的风格), the story also tells us as well as all those youngsters that there is no easy way to earn a lot of money in the United States. You have to learn quickly and work hard before you can get your share of money.PrefacePatterns:be unaware of (sth) = be unconscious of (sth)be unaware + that clause = be unconscious +that clause Pattern:involve oneself in / with / into sth = be involved in / with/ intotempt (=induce) sb into doing sth诱惑某人做某事Compare: advertisement / advertisingadvertisement / commercialsPattern:promise sb. to do sthprobably = maybe = perhapsCompare :too … to(否定)only/but/simply/never too …to (强调肯定)1)This text is too difficult to learn.2)This text is simply/but/only/never too difficult to learn.Big Bucks the Easy Way轻轻松松赚大钱buck (American slang = money): ten bucks (=dollars); in the bucks (手头有钱)Lines 1 – 14look into = investigate: look into (=investigate) the matter Pattern: suggest sth to sbavoid (vt.): keep away from (避开; 避免)Pattern: avoid doing sth. (Right); avoid to do sth. (Wrong) dignity (庄严; 尊严); indignity = in + dignityplastics (n.) (塑料); plastic (adj.)塑料的hang –hanged – hanged (vt.)吊死；绞死e.g.: The murder was sentenced to be hanged.hang – hung – hung (vi. & vt.)悬挂；垂下e.g.: I plan to hang some pictures in my new house. message: note; informationtext message手机短信leisurely (adj.):(moving, acting, or done) without haste; unhurried 从容的; 不慌不忙的lucrative (adj.): profitableleisurely, lucrative work: work that brings in a lot of money and can be done with ease 能轻松赚钱的工作I can live with(=put up with / endure)it (=indignity). panhandle:(AmE) beg, esp. on the streetembarrass sb. = make sb. feel embarrassed 使人感到难为情magazine-delivery thing 投递杂志的事settle (=accommodate) oneself in some placeLines 15 – 29enthuse (vi.): show enthusiasm非常兴奋；兴高采烈enthuse (vi.) --- enthusiasm (n.) --- enthusiastic (adj.)inquire = ask: Pattern:inquire / ask sth of sb.super (colloq.): wonderful; splendid; excellentsnap (vt.): say (sth.) sharply 厉声地说“Super!” she snapped, “Just super!…”: The verb “snapped” makes it clear that she was saying this in an ironical tone. As a matter of fact, her day was just awful.truck (AmE) = lorry (BrE)pull up: come to a stop; bring to a stope.g.: John was walking along the street when suddenly a car pulled up beside him.Montgomery Wards; Sears; Roebucks:They are mail-order business companies 从事邮递业务的公司…it will be four thousand of something:…it will be four thousand advertising inserts for some other department store or companyPattern: be responsible (to sb.) for sth.Compare:responsibility --- obligation --- liabilityFill in each of the blanks with the proper word:Your _____ is to sign the contract between the two companies. Each company must carry out the signed contract for its ____, andany party has to take its _____ if it fails to implement the contract Patterns: Sb. is to blame for sth (Formal)Sb is blamed for sth; blame sb for / on sth (Informal)…it turned out(prove / come to be clear) 插入语hand-deliver (vt.) = deliver by hand派人直接送advertising inserts用于广告作用插在报纸或杂志中的广告插页…are included with(=be inserted between / be put between)…Patterns:1.promise to do sth2. promise sb to do sth3. promise sb for sth(a) piece of cake: a colloquial phr ase “sth can be done easily”Lines 30 – 50six hundred (bucks = dollars)echo (vt.): repeat (the word, feelings , etc. of sb.) 附和; 重复e.g.: The little boy echoes everything his brother says. Patterns:1. inform sb of sth. 2. inform sb + that clauseAnd we do the job in two hours. (note: not using “after”) porch (AmE) = veranda (BrE) 门廊even as (= just at the time when ) we speak 引导让步状语load 装--- unload卸carrying armloads (n.) of sth: carrying armful of sth…all this指这么多广告to get (系动词) busy = to start to workurgent message紧急留言unnaturally high: extraordinarily / extremely highquaver (vi.): (of the voice or a sound) shake; tremble颤抖truckloads of ad inserts几卡车的广告插页dime: coin of U.S. and Canada, worth of ten centsdime store: 廉价商品店drugstore: 杂货店；药店grocery :食品店greengrocery: 蔬菜店whole magazine sections整本杂志那么厚cram (vt.)把…塞满; 装满wall-to-wall(方式状语): 类似的表达方式face-to-face; shoulder-to-shoulderstack = pile 堆in stacks = pile and pile; in pilestake one each of the eleven inserts从十一中插页中各取一份slip a rubber band around them套上橡皮筋slide into塞进takeout restaurant 外卖餐馆Her voice kept rising, as if working its way out of the range of the human ear. :Her voice kept rising as if (her voice was) rising to such a pitch that it could no longer be heard by the human ear.keep doing sth持续做某事as if:后可接现在分词He paused as if expecting me to speak. work one?s way费力前进; 努力获得range范围; out of the range of超过…范围Lines 51 – 65Pattern: had better do sth; had better not do sth.as … as one can= as … as possiblee.g.: Please come here as soon as you can. = Please come here as soon as possibleGot a lunch date. = I have got an appointment for lunch.I had had a marvelous steak, but knew better by now than to say so.我吃的牛排好极了，但这次学乖了，还是不说为妙know better than to do很明智不去做…e.g.: As a college student, you should know better than to waste your time like that.Some sort of (= something like) sour fisheel: (long, snake-like fish) 鳗；鳝a couple of = a few 两三个；几个；assembly line装配线；流水作业“movement” = some progress or advanceencouraging --- discouragingPattern:encourage sb. to do sth.Pattern: be at sth:从事于; 在状态中e.g.: They are still at work (at rest).Compare: roof --- ceilingdent (n.)凹下的地方make a dent in 使凹下去(即减少);此处意为减少一点;有所进展re-: again; once more使…再生; 增加re produce --- re print --- re tell --- re thinkLines 66 – 80get…out of…: 从…中得到get the best out of …: 从…中得到最大利益…one does not get the best out of employees by …: one does not get the greatest possible amount of work out of his employees by …bodily harm体罚obtaining an audience with跟…通话son No. 1: the older sonPatterns: threaten (vt.)1.Nuclear weapons threaten the peace and security of theworld.2.The robber threatened me with a gun.3.He threatens to make the photo public.bonus: reward cut into (=reduce) our profitunless: if notPattern: enable sb. to do sth. = make sb. able to do sth. Compare: on time --- in timeIf they don?t =If they don?t make all the deliveries on time There will be (is) no +动名词= it will be (is) impossible to do 意为“不可能”1.There is no getting along with him.跟他是无法相处的。
大学英语精读预备级unit1
任务task 把任务分成三部分 break down the task into three parts separate the task into three parts
over and over again: repeat for many times 一再，再三
think over and over again再三思考 I have told him to drive carefully over and over again. 我一而再再而三地告诉他开车要小心。
Useful expressions
all over again: start again from beginning 重新 杰克在作业中出现了很多错误，他得重新做。 Jack made so many mistakes in his homework that he had to do it all over again.
新工作对我来说是个挑战。 The new job is an challenge to me. Linda only likes to study something that really challenges her.
substitute v. 代替，替换 substitute A for B 用A代B 我们用红球代替蓝球。 We substitute red ball for blue. 我找到了一个人接替我。 I found someone to substitute for me. 唯有艺术能代替自然。 Only art can substitute for nature.
represent v. 表示，代表 The blue lines on the map represents subways. 地图上蓝色的线表示地铁。 Beckham represented Great Britain. 小贝代表英国参赛。 The dove represents peace. 鸽子象征和平 。
《大学英语精读》第三版预备级Unit_3
arrive (v.): reach a place, esp. at the end of a journey Examples: — She finally arrived in New York. 她终于到达纽约。 — We arrived at the station as the train was leaving. 我们到达车站时火车就要开出了。
settle (v.): decide; make an agreement about Examples: — It was settled that Joe would visit us on the weekend. 事情定下来了，乔下周末来看我们。 — Until we know the full value of the picture, we can’t settle the price. 不了解这幅画的全部价值，我们无法 给它定价。
(n.): a formal meeting at which someone is asked questions in order to find out whether he /she is suitable for a job, course of study, etc. Examples: — He has an interview next Thursday for a job at IBM. — As we all know, not everybody who writes in can be invited for interview. Same-rooted word: interviewer n. 会见者；面谈者；进行面试者 interviewee n. 被接见者；被访问者
Examples: — Please transfer the money to my account. 请把这笔钱转到我的账上。 — John has been transferred to the headquarters of the company in Beijing. 约翰已经被调到北京的公司总部了。
大学英语精读第一册
4.Make good use ofyour time in class.Listening to what the teacher says in class means less work later.Sit where you can see and hear well.Take notes to help you remember what the teacher says.
COLLEGE ENGLISH INTENSIVEREADINGBOOK 1
Unit One
HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR STUDY HABITS
Perhaps you are an average student withaverage intelligence.You do well enough in school,but you probably think you will never be atop student.This isnot necessarilythe case,however.You can receive better grades if you want to.Yes,even students of average intelligence can be top students without additional work.Here’s how:
大学英语精读第一册上海外语教育出版社Unit1some strategies for learning English(1)
learing methods
3 Emotion aim: To love English
and develop students' oral English
小先生
Tell us an English story and your
Unit 1 Some strategies for learning English (1)
制作：穆 主讲：穆 莹 莹
Review 复习提问：
Dictate the words that we have learned
in last lesson
Lead-in 新课导入：
AIMS 职业综合能力培养目标: 1 Knowledge aim: To grasp the basic points
at fault: guilty of error; deserving blame
at a time :
on one occasion 每次，一次
be bound to: be certain to 肯定会
Example: Differences of opinion on various issues are bound to exist.
word
grammar listening reading ……
Language learning strategies: Language learning strategies are used by learners to complete speaking, reading, vocabulary, listening or writing activities presented in language lessons.
(完整版)大学英语精读第四册(教案)
Book4Unit 1 Big Bucks The Easy WayTeach ing Time: 4 hoursStude nts 'level: Sophomores of non-En glish majors in the 2nd semester.Teach ing Objectives:1. Help Ss get to know the less on “ No pains, no gains ” and there is no “ big bucks the easy way .2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabulariesand required grammar points of the secti on.Words: cash, echo, competitive, leisurely, pain, sour, finance, marvelous, party, stack, cram, harm, minimum, range, thoughtful, deadline, inform, normally, sale, trash, delivery, inq uire, odd, shri nkPhrases & Expressi ons: pull up, a piece of cake, eve n as, know better tha n, be at, make a dent, cut in to, have no lusin ess, settle for, settle one ' s acco unt, quiteawhile, draw atte ntio n to, for sale, for rent, be done with, may as well Grammar : p143. About the read ing, Ss should lear n avoid ing vocalizati on and inner speech.4. About the writi ng, Ss should lear n word choice..5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 1 directed by teacher.Teachi ng Procedures:I. Pre-read ing Activities1. Background information1) Montgomery Ward2) Sears,3) Roebuck2. Warm-up questions1) Do you depend on your parents financially?2) Is it easy to earn money by working part-time?3) Are there any easy ways to make much money?3. Key words and expressions:New words and old wordTeacher(old words or expressi ons)U.S. dollarDoor han dleUn hurriedRelaxedProfitableSent outEn dureBegTellFillTieIn creaseExtra moneyPartA pathAn easy jobPayHave no reas onCome to terms withStrangeMoneyFi nishEn glish and Chin ese phrases Teacher(Ch in ese)stude nts (new on es) buckdoork nob leisurely leisurely lucrative deliverlive with panhan dle informcrambandreproduce bonussecti onwalka piece of cake settlehave no bus in esssettle foroddfinancebe done with Stude nts( En glish)考虑look into总是all the time可以容忍live with令我痛心it pains me易如反掌 a piece of cake壮汉 a big guy干快些get busy好几卡车的truck loads of百货商店departme nt store廉价商店 a dime store小杂货店drug store汽车行auto store外卖餐馆takeout restaura nt提高嗓门voice rises超过极限out of the range of恍然大悟work a profo und cha nge in 教会某人做人work a profound change inone' s pers on ality经过调解in mediati on结账settle the acco unt劳务支出labor cost相同数额 a like amount托某人做en list sb. To doII. While-readi ng Activities1. Ss have the sile nt readi ng on the text (10 mi ns)2. Text and questions for discussionLi nes 1-91. what did the father tell his college sons to think about?(to deliver bags of magaz ines to make some of their own mon ey.)2. what was the father worried about?(the sons would become used to or feel content with liv ing by ask ing for moneyall the time.)Li nes 10-221. why did the mother phone the father?(she wan ted him to know what was going on at home.)2. How do you understand the word “ super ” she snapped?( “super ” means very good. But,she “snapped ” it, which means she was very angry.She was being sarcastic,i.e. she meant the opposite of what she said.)3. can you paraphrase the sentence “Another truck just pulled up out front ”？(Ano ther truck has stopped outside in front of our hous to deliver more materials.)Lines 23-291. which company did the two sons do the delivery job for?(the Sun day Newspaper Compa ny.)2. why did each truck deliver 4000 of the inserts?(Each one was from a differe nt compa ny and had the ads the sons were requiredto deliver to 4000 houses.)3. why did he think so?(He had no idea of how much work it would mean.)Lines 30-35What did the father mea n whe n le said “ they are college men. ”？He meant that they were grown-ups, and should be capable of dealing with thesituatio n.Lines 36-501. In what cases does people ' s voice become unnaturally high and quavering?When they are excited, an gry, upset and the like.2. what does “ magazine sections ” mean?Parts of magaz in es, 8 or 12 pages long.3. how many steps are there in the process beforedelivering?Five: take out, roll, slip, band and slide.Lines 51-661. what do you think of the father ' s answer?Clever and sensible. It is a lie, a harmless lie, one told in order to avoid upsetting somebody.2. why did the father say “That' s encouraging ”？the sons were lear ning how to solve the problem of man power shortage;they hired other people to help, and learnt to improve efficiency by establishing assembly lin es.3. why did the mother say “ it is very discouraging ”？the measures were n ' work ing at all.Lines 67-771. what do you think of the father ' s bon?s programIt is reas on able and logical. Bonus is a popular incen tive that man ageme nt adopts. Sometimes we have to lose something in order to gain something. If you are reluctant to use a small bait, you can hardly get a big fish.2. did the son understand that at first thought?No. he thought the more the workers got, the less he obta in ed.3. why did the son answer “ Yes, Sir ”？s in struct ions as he had come to realize it was a bus in ess and he took the father 'and order.Lines 78-861. what does “ see the color of cash ” mean?See Note 7 in your text book.2. what' s the differenee between the origirpriyment and the demanded one?The original payment was five dollars per person, shile now they demanded five dollars per hour.3. who probably played the mediating role?The mother.Li nes 87-94Why did the son think it “ eno ugh”？No matter how much, it was the money they made by themselves with great efforts and they lear nt a lot from the experie nee.Lines 95-1091. what did the youngest sons learn from their college brothers?They lear nt to make their own money in order to avoid hav ing to ask for money all the time.2. what were they going to do to try to earn money?They were going to sell or rent the family ' s books.3. do you agree “ you' re never done with books ”？Yes. Because ..........No. because ............3. T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)4. T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins)III. Post-readi ng Activities1. Let the stude nts do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words.2. Ss hand in the summary of the text.Summary questi ons and con clud ing remarks1) Do you think it necessary for the sons to make some money for themselves? Give reas onsfor your an swer.I think it necessary ............... .because ............2) what do you thi nk is n eeded in accomplishi ng somethi ng difficult?I think it is self-c on fide nee, persevera nee, co-operati on or team work, reas on able manageme nt, strategies of solvi ng problems, etc.3) what is the father ' s tone in telling the story? The tone is light and ironic becausethe story is meant to be funny. The problem in the story was one that people thi nk is very serious whe n it happe ns, but later they can laugh about.3. Ss discuss the questio ns on the topic related to the text.4. Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic.5. Exercise:Sentence making in dialoguesTeacher: now I ' d like you to complete the following dialogues by making Senten ces with the giver phrases.Pull up1. what do you ask your driver to do when you reach your destination?I ask the driver to pull up n ear the place I want to go.2. what does a bus driver do when a passenger wants to get off?He pulls up at a bus stop.3. what does the red light mean to a moving vehicle?It means that the vehicle must pull up at the zebra.A piece of cake1. can you recite the 26 English letters?Sure. It ' s a pife c ake.2. do you think it difficult to use a tape recorder?No. it ' s a piece of cake.Make a dent in1. have you finished your outline?No, I ' ve hardly made a dent in it.2. How are you getting along with your project?We have made only a small dent in it.Cut into1. do you watch TV in your study period?No. that would cut into my study time.2. what cuts into the factory ' s profit?The rise of the labor costs, material prices, the in creased con sumpti on of power, etc. Settle for1. if you can ' t sell your bicycle at a pigpe, what will you do?I have to settle for a lower price.2. If you can ' t get a-pajU job, will you settle for a lower-paid job?Might/may/could as well1. what do you suggest we do duri ng the win ter vacati on?If you have nothing to do, you might as well take up a part-time job.2. what should I do if I can ' t afford a house?You may as well rent an apartment and set aside your money for a new house.Unit 2 Deer and The Energy CycleTeach ing Time: 4 hoursStude nts 'level: Sophomores of non-En glish majors in the 2nd semester.Teach ing Objectives:1. Get Ss to know the en ergy cycle and in struct them to observe the an imal ' s livi ng in st inct in orderto value the n atural resource; lear n about food-e nery-life-death.2. About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and requiredgrammar points of the sect ion.Words: tenden cy, rate, area, ple ntiful, possessi ons, curre ncy, scarce, ample, drowsy, fun dame ntal, accumulate, intern al, hencePhrases & Expressi ons: to meet the n eeds, turn of mi nd, convert intoGrammar :3. About the read ing, Ss should know the usage of dicti on ary.4. About the writing, Ss should get to know the writing skill ——coherence .5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 2 directed by teacher.Teachi ng Procedures:L Pre-reading Activities1. Warm-up questio ns1) Allow Ss to go over the text for 10 mins.2) Ask them to list the facts about the life of deer in the four seasonsrespectively.3) Sum up Ss ' s results2. I ntroductory remarks:1) What do you thi nk life depe nds on?Mon ey, love, or someth ing else?2) where does en ergy come from?Food, spirit, God, or what?3) what happe ns to life there is no food , or source of en ergy?if life useless after it comes to an end?4) Life is en ergy, is n What tlO?you thi nk?The pla net we live on is made up of 2 major comp onen ts: liv ing orga ni sms andinorganic substa nces. As far as liv ing things are concern ed, life spa ns vary. Somemay live for thousa nds of years, while others live only a few sec on ds. Regardlessof the this differe nee, every life develops from a lower stage to a higher stage un tilits death, and every species develops in this way, too. But what makes life performin this way? What happens after life? Our earth has been functioning for billionsof years. What has made it work for so long? Let ' s have a careful study of the text 3. New words and phrases studyStudy of the words and phrasesNew words and old wordsTeacher stude nts(old words or expressi ons) (new on es) tendency tur n of mind money curre ncycha nge into convert intoautu mn fallsomethi ng stored reservesrare scarceto satisfy the dema nds to meet the n eeds area regi onple ntiful amplepossessi ons resourcestore depositspe nd expendsleepy drowsybecome liquid meltat the same time mea nwhile basic fun dame ntal therefore hencecollect in sidesmall woode n houseII. While-reading Activities1. Text and questi ons for discussi on . Lines 1-61. what does “love makes the world go round ” mean?People with a roma ntic turn of mi nd thi nk that love, roma ntic love, is what makesaccumulate in ternal cabi nEn glish and Chin ese PhrasesTeacher(Chi nese) 注重/有……的倾向 生态系统 倚赖年复一年 尽可能多 旺季 储存的脂肪 不甚出名,鲜为人知 能说明问题的例子 营养食品 生理成熟 生育 食物资源 熬过冬天大雪 小雪stude nts(E nglish) a …turn of mind an ecological system to depe nd on from year to year as much as one cantimes of ple nty reserves of fat/stored fat less well known a good case in point nu tritious food physically mature to give birth to food resources to survive the win ter /to pull through the wi nter deep snow light snowa fun dame ntal rulelife worth livi ng..2. why does the author say that energy is the “ currency ” of the ecological system?An ecological system is all the pla nts, ani mals and people, and their surro undin gs,con sidered as a whole, In the commercial world, money is the curre ncy , or means of survival. For life, the most important support is food, the source of energy for life, which allows growth, reproducti on, and survival.Li nes 7-121. what do wild animals do with the food in different seasons? Why do they do so?Wild animals seem to know when there will be plenty of food and when there won' t. so they eat as much as they can when there is plenty of food so that they can become fat and strong and grow well.In winter, they have little to eat. But they do not starve becausethe fat they have stored in their bodies brings them through this hard time.Li nes 13-221. what does “ this is good timing ” mean?This means that the female deer uses the most suitable seas on sj.e.summer and fall, for the birth of fawns and the producti on of milk because both the con cepti on and product ion cost the female deer much en ergy and in both seas on sthere is plenty of food, which meet the deer ' s physical needs.Lines 23-311. to what does the author compare the process of fat reserving?A bank sav ings acco unt, from which one can draw whe n he n eeds the mon ey.Lines 32-441. what is the phenomenon of lowering metabolism?The heart rate slows. The ani mal becomes slow and drowsy. Therefore, the use ofand n eed for en ergy is reduced.2. what protects the deer from cold win ter? How does it work?They un dergo physical and internal physiological cha nges, i.e. the hair growth andthe slow metabolism. The thick hair keeps the deer warm and the slow metabolism makes the deer consume less energy, which is stored in the form of fat for use whe n they n eed it for growth.Lines 45-561. what decreases as win ter progresses?The deer ' s activities.2. why were people advised to behave like that?To use less oil and electricity for conserving energy to pull through the crisis.3. what does theauthor imply by “ watched the deer ”？He implies that men can lear n from the deer to reduce unn ecessary cost of en ergy. Lines 57-64 1. “…to pull them through ” . Can you say it in other words?…to help them survive the wi nter.2. what is the fun dame ntal rule of life?The more fat the deer reserve, the more chanee there is for them to survive the crises. On ly the largest and stron gest are likely to survive.3. Is the fun dame ntal rule of life applicable to huma n bein gs?Yes. If we huma n beings do not protect n ature and ourselves by sav ing en ergy, we will be puni shed by n ature and will eve ntually be wiped out from this pla net.Lines 65-681. what is the life cycle?Food-e nergy-life-survival-reproducti on-death-food-e nergyother lifeFood -energy-seek more food-new energ^ood …Energy is vital to our world. But energy is not always plentiful. The supply can vary, either seas on ally or for other reas ons. Some ani mals, the white-tailed deer, for instanee, have developed natural ways or varying their own use of energy with the variati ons of the supply. Huma n beings can and should lear n this less on for their own survival.2. Teacher explains the key points in detailsturn of mind1. what is your turn of mind?I have a logical turn of mi nd, or literary/critical/philosophic/humorous/optimistic turn of mind.2. what kind of person is likely to create things?A pers on of a creative turn of mi nd is likely to create thi ngs.3. what words can you use to describe people of different turns of mind?Down-to-earth, poetic, bus in ess-like, humorous, etc.Depend on1. How do crops grow?They depend on the sunlight,water, and fertilizer for growth.2. How are the prices of commodities set?They mainly depe nd on the relatio n betwee n dema nd and supply.A case in point1. can you give an example of a successful person?Yes. A case in point is Thomas Edis on, a great inven tor.2. can anything heavier than air stay in the sky?Yes. A case in point is the helicopter.3. How can we conclude that a person is selfish.A case in point is …Meet …n eeds1. why do people drink so much water on the sports ground?They have to meet their body ' s needs for water as they play in the sun.2. why does a factory in stall ano ther assembly line?They want to meet the n eeds of in creas ing product ion.Draw on1. How can a good writer write so many interesting stories?He draws on his experienee, knowledge, observation, perception and interpretation of life for the material of his stories.2. How can a person put forward such a peculiar idea?I think he ' s drawn on his imagination.Slow dow n1. what is a driver expected to do if a police car comes towards or follows him/her?He/she is expected to slow dow n and the n stop by the road side.2. what does a runner do after he passes the finish line?He slows dow n and stops.Pull through1. what should you do in face of difficulties?s advi(I should use my skills, work hard,and sometimes I should take somebodyThis might help to pull me through the difficulties.2. why was the little boy, Schatz,waiting for death?He believed he had a fatally high temperature and would not pull through.3. T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)4. T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins)III. Post-readi ng Activities1. Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which are related to the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.Ss discuss the questio ns on the topic related to the text.4. Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the newwords and topic.Unit 3 Why Do We Believe That The Earth Is Round?Teach ing Time: 4 hoursStude nts 'level: Sophomores of non-En glish majors in the 2nd semester.Teach ing Objectives:1. Get Ss to know the author ' s purpose is to teach Ss to have a correct attitude towards knowledge and accepting of knowledge by taking the examples of other ' s argumentsof the shape of Earth.2 About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabulariesand required grammar points of the secti on.Words: preface, remark, cite, exaggerate,mast, appeal, an alogy, cast, precarious, produce, burde n, botherPhrases & Expressions: appeal to, follow up, for the sake of, throw light on,shaped like, cast on, fall back on, stray away from,Grammar :3. About the read ing, Ss should know the read ing skills of telli ng differe nee bwtee nfacts and opinion senten ces.4. About the writ ing, Ss should get to know the writ ing skill ——cohere nee.5. About the listening, Ss finish the Unit 3 directed by teacher.Teachi ng Procedures:L Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Backgro und in formatio n1) George Orwell2) George Bernard Shaw3) The Flat Earth Theory and the Round Earth Theory4) Eclipses5) Playing Cards6) Comrade Mao Tse-tung on knowledge, on Direct Experienee andIn direct Experie nee2. warm- up questions and introductory remarks1) Do you believe that the earth is round? Why?Yes, I do, because scie nee proves that it is true.2) Have you heard of other con elusi ons about the shape of the earth?What are they? Why don ' t you believe them?Yes. The earth was said to be flat or oval. I don' believe them becausethes round.photos from satellites or the sce nes of eclipses show that it2) why is “ the earth is round ” put in a question?3. Key words and expressi ons:study of the words and phrasesnew words and old wordsteacher stude nts(old words or expressi ons) (new on es)forward prefacesay,argue remarkquote citesimply merelyaccept without questi on swallowoverstate exaggerateattract appeal tofor the good of for the sake ofpole on a ship mastbend curvecomparis on an alogyquickly promptlyround plate discthrow castgo to aim atin secure precariousturn to for help fall back on in ano ther way otherwiseEn glish and Chin esePhrasesstude nts(E nglish) somewhere or other the preface to the middle ages the widespread belief that the ordi nary citize n appeal to bang goes my … fall back on would not eve n bother to say …aga inst heave nly body it will be seen that precarious reas ons the range of kno wledge weak argume ntII. While-read ing Activities1.Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins)2. T expla ins the text in details. Appeal to1. do detective films appeal to you?Yes, No,2. what kinds of books appeal most to youth?Books on … 3. why are children' s clothes colorful?Bright and colorful clothes usually appeal to childre n. Follow upmove from show load take troublestray away from produce burde n botherTeacher(Chi nese) 在某处 序言 中世纪 普遍认为 普通人 迎合口味 我的…完蛋了 求助于 不屑一顾 反驳 天体 由此可见 靠不住的理由 知识面 无力的论据1. what do the police do if a case is reported to them?They follow up the case.2. what do you do if you read an interesting story series on a newspaper?I follow it up.For the sake of1. what do people usually do for the sake of health?They eat healthy food, do exercises and don ' t smoke,don ' t …2. why is it necessary to widen the streets?It ' s necessary to widen the streets for the sake of a smoother flow of traffic.Throw light on1. what is the use of the background knowledge of a story?It throws light on it.2. why are illustrations, data and charts or tables necessary in scientific reports or bus in ess presentatio ns?They throw light on the reports and prese ntatio ns.Shaped like1. Why is a UFO also called a flying saucer?It is shaped like a saucer.2. what is a space shuttle like?It is shaped like a huge pla ne.Cast on1. what can you see on a moon-lit night in the open?I can see my shadow cast on the ground.I can see the shadows of the trees cast on the wall/wi ndow.Fall back on1. why do you set aside some money every mon th?I set aside some money every month so that I can fall back on it if I get sick or become unemployed.2. what do you do when you get lost in a new city?I fell back on the police.Stray away from1. what must you bear in mind when you walk along a path in an area of swamp?I must not stray away from the path.2. what kind of people don ' t you like to talk to?I don ' t like to talk to those who often stray away from the topic.Text and questi ons for discussi onLin es1-71. why is “ Saint Joan ” in italics?It is the n ame of a play. See note 3 in your textbook.2. who is Bernard Shaw?See Note 4 in your textbook. He is widely con sidered the treatest British dramatist since Shakespeare.He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1925. For more details, refer to Note 1,2. in Teacher ' s book.3. what do “gullible and superstitious ” mean?Gullible means willing to believe anything or anyone, easily deceived.“ superstitious means willing to believe something that cannot be explained by reas on or scie nee or that brings good or bad luck.4. can you paraphrase “ swallows this theory ”？accept ing the theroy bli ndly without questi oning and suspici ons.Li nes 8-131. what does “ it ” refer to in the sentence “ the light it throws on modernknowledge ”？It refers to “ the questi on ”2. what is the question that is worth following up?Are we too gullible and superstitious today?3. why does the author only tend to speak of ordinary men when answering why webelieve that the earth is round?Ordinary men don ' t have the espertise to prove it scientifically.Li nes 14-191. why is a distant ship invisible but its mast and funnel can be seen from the seashore?Look at the picture on the n ext page.2. can you paraphrase “what can I say against it? ”I can refute the Flat Earth theory but I n eed more proofs to refute the Oval Earth theory.Li nes 20-261. does the auhor really “ play cards ”？no. this is a figure of speech used to mean preenting an argument point by point.“ the first card I can play ” means the first pointi can make to support my argume nt.2. what does “ analogy of the sun and moon ” mean?To compare the earth to the sun and the moon.Lines 27-311. when does a lunar eclipse occur?When the earth passes betwee n the sun and the moon and blocks the sun light, or casts its shadow onto the moon, a lunar eclipse occurs.2. Use the Oval Earth theory to refute the author eclipse argument.The shadow cast on the moon is round, but it doesn' follow that the earth is spherical. It may perfectly well be flat like a disc.3. what is the author ' s argument about the eclipses based on?Publicati ons, such as n ewspapers and magaz in es.Lines 32-391. what does the author mean by “ the minor exchanges? ”the less importa nt points of debate.2. what does the author think of his previous defeats?He considers them minor/unimportant points, and he is hopeful to win in thedebate.3. who is Royal?See note 6.4. which is higher, Queen,King, or Ace?King is higher tha n Quee n,and Ace is higher tha n King.5. can you paraphrase the last sentence?Refer to n ote 23.Li nes 40-461. what does “ bang goes my ace ” mean?My ace doesn ' t work. I lose my ace. My argument isn ' t conclusive.2. what does the author think of his “last card ”？he believes that the last point of his argume nt defeats the Oval Earth man.Lines 47-601. what does the author think of his evidenee?He does n ' t thi nk it convincing eno ugh.2. what does “ an exceptionally elementary piece of information ” mean?A piece of in formati on that every one kno ws.3. what is this piece of information?The earth is round.4. can you use a Chinese saying to explain “ when the range of knowledge is so vasthat the expert himself is an ignoramus as soon as he strays away from his ownspecialty ”？隔行如隔山5. what does “ credulous ” mean?Ready to believe, without evide nee.3. T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)Summary questi ons and Con clud ing remarks1. what cards does the author play to refute opinions different from his?The phe nomenon of the seashore view, the an alogy of the sun and the moon, the earth ' shadow, the newspapers and books, the opinions of the experts, andn avigati on.2. do you have any other cards to support the author?High above on a plane, we can see the curved horizon, still higher above in a space ship, astr on auts tell us that the earth is roun d, like a ball. Pictures take n from spaceships or sky labs。
外教社第三版大学英语精读第2册
UNTH 1TEXTIt is humorous essay. But after reading it you will surely find that the author is most serious in writing it.Is There Life on Earth?There was great excitement on the planet of Venus this week. For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the plant Earth, and is has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since.The satellite was directed into an area know as Manhattan (named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof. Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20,000 light years ago). Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to the feasibility of a manned flying saucer landing on Earth. A press conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology."We have come to the conclusion, based on last week's satellite landing," Prof. Zog said, "that there is no life on Earth.""How do you know this?" the science reporter of the Venus Evening Star asked."For one thing, Earth's surface in the area of Manhattan is composed of solid concrete and nothing can grow there. For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breather this air and survive.""What does this mean as far as our flying sauce program is concerned?""We shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier flying saucer than we originally planned.""Are there any other hazards that you discovered in your studier?""Take a look at this photo. You see this dark black cloud hovering over the surface of Earth? We call this the Consolidated Edison Belt. We don't know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a Venus Being there.""Over here you will notice what seems to be a river, but the satellite findings indicate it is polluted and the water is unfit to drink. This means we shall have to carry our own water, which will add even greater weight to the saucer.""Sir, what are all those tiny black spots on the photographs?""We're not certain. They seem to be metal particles that move along certain paths. They emit gases, make noise and keep crashing into each other. There are so many of these paths and so many metal particles that it is impossible to land a flying saucer without its being smashed by one." "What are those stalagmite projections sticking up?""They're some type of granite formations that give off light at night. Prof. Glom has named them skyscrapers since they seem to be scraping the skies.""If all you say is true, won't this set back the flying saucer program several years?""Yes, but we shall proceed as soon as the Grubstart gives us the added funds.""Prof. Zog, why are we spending billions and billions of zilches to land a flying saucer on Earthwhen there is no life there?"Because if we Venusians can learn to breathe in an Earth atmosphere, then we can live anywhere."NEW WORDShumorousa. funny; that makers people laugh 幽默的humorn.essayn. 散文，随笔excitementn. the state or quality of being excitedplanetn. large body in space that moves round a star esp. round the sun 行星Venusiana. of or having to do with the plant Venus 金星的n. supposed Venus being 金星人satelliten. spacecraft that goes round the planet earth and sends back radio and television signals; heavenly body that goes round a plant （人造）卫星signaln. 信号；暗号astronomern. person who studies the science of the sun, moon, stars and planets天文学家telescopen. instrument with special glasses used for seeing distant thingsextremelyad. very 极端，非常extremea.feasibilityad. possibility of being carried or done 可行性feasiblea.manned a. occupied by one or more persons 载人的n. 浅碟；茶托flying saucern. 飞碟conferencen. meetingpress conferencen. meeting arranged by an important person to which news reporters are invited to listen to a statement or ask questions 记者招待会technologyn. 技术conclusionn. decision of opinion reached by reasoning 结论concludev.reporterv. person who gathers news for a newspaper, magazine, or radio or TV station 记者composevt. make up, form 组成，构成concreten. building material made by mixing cement with sand, small stones and water 混凝土atmospheren. all the gasses round the earth; air in a place 大气；空气carbonn. 碳monoxiden. 一氧化物deadlya. causing death; likely to cause death 致命的gasn. 气体survivevi. remain alive; continue to live or exist 活下来；幸存vt. remain alive after; live longer than 经历...后还活着；比...活得长survivaln.n. plan of what it to be done 计划concernvt. be of importance or interest to; have an effect on 涉及，关系到oxygenn. 氧，氧气originallyad. formerly 起初，原来originala.hazardn. dangerhovervi. stay in or near one place in the air 盘旋consolidateda. untied; combined 联合的consolidatevt.beltn. area that has some special quality; zone （地）带indicatevt. showindicationn.pollutevt. make (air, water, soil, etc.) dirty with manmade waste 污染pollutionn.unfita. not good enough; not suitableparticlen. 粒子；微粒emitvt. send out 散发，射出emissionn.crash v. (cause to) break into pieces violently 坠落；猛撞v. (cause to) break into pieces violently (使)碎裂stalagmiten. 石笋projectionn. sth. that stands out from a surface 凸出物typen. a particular kind, class or group 类型，种类graniten. hard grey stone used for building 花岗岩formationn. sth. that is formed; way in which sth. is formed 形成（物）skyscrapern. very tall building 摩天大楼scrapevt. rub with sth. rough or sharp 刮，擦proceedvi. continue after having stopped （停顿后）继续进行fundn. sum of money set apart or available for a special purpose 资金；基金billionn. one thousand millionzilchn. zero; nothing at allPHRASES & EXPRESSIONS(be) known asalso publicly called; named 以...闻名，通常名叫name aftergive the same name as 以...名字命名as toabout, concerning 关于base on / uponuse as a basis or foundation for 以...为基础，把...基于for one thing ... (for another)in the first place... (in the second place)be composed ofhave as members or parts 由...组成as far as ... be concernedto the degree that it matters to 就...而言stick upstand upright; project 直立；突出give offemit; send out 发出；散发出set backdelay the advance of development of 耽搁；阻碍PEOPER NAMESArt Buchwald阿特.布奇沃德Venus金星Manhattan曼哈顿（纽约市中心）Zog佐格（姓氏）Edison爱迪生（姓氏）Glom格洛姆（姓氏）UNIT 2TEXTA heated discussion about whether men are braver than women is settled in a rather unexpected way.The Dinner PartyI first heard this tale in India, where is told as if true -- though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down. The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests -- officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist -- in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven't."A woman's reaction in any crisis," the major says, "is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts." The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy's eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room.Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing -- bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters -- the likeliest place -- but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left -- under the table.His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone."I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred -- that's five minutes -- and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready?"The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying "...two hundred and eighty..." when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut."You were right, Major!" the host exclaims. "A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.""Just a minute," the American says, turning to his hostess. "Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?"A faint smile lights up the woman's face as she replies: "Because it was crawling across my foot."NEW WORDSheateda. with strong, excited, and often angry feelings 热烈的；激烈的unexpecteda. not expected 意外的naturalistn. one who makes a special study of plants or animals outdoors 博物学家（尤指直接观察动植物者）shortlyad. Soon; (in) a little time 不久，马上coloniala. of or related to a colony or colonies 殖民地的spaciousa. big; having much space 广阔的；宽阔的diningn. 餐厅barea. not covered (with a carpet); empty 不铺地毯的；赤裸的；光秃的marblen. 大理石raftern. one of the sloping beams that support 椽ontoprep. to a position or point on 到...之上; 向...之上verandan. 阳台spiriteda. full of spirit; livelyoutgrowvt. leave behind, as one grows older or more mature 长大得使...不再适用; 成长得不再要mousen. 鼠eran. 时代，年代majorn. 少校crisisn. time of difficulty, danger, etc. 危机ouncen. 盎司;少量argumentn. discussion by persons who disagree; dispute 争论;辩论hostessn. 女主人musclen. 肌肉contractvi. become shorter or smaller 收缩contractionn.slightlyad. a little 稍微地slighta.motionvi. give a signal by moving the hand or head 打手势;点(或摇)头示意widenv. make or become widerbaitn. food used to attract fish, animals, or birds so that they may be caught 诱饵cobran. poisonous snake found in India and Africa 眼镜蛇likelya. probable 可能的impulsen. sudden wish to do sth. 冲动commotion n. noisy confusion or excitement 混乱;骚动tone n. quality of voice or music 语气;音调commandinga. authoritative 威严的forfeitvt. suffer the loss of (sth.) as a punishment (作为惩罚而)失去rupeen. monetary unit of India, Pakistan, etc. 卢比imagen. statue 雕像emergevi. come or appear (from somewhere)emergencen.slamvt. shut loudly and with force 砰地关上hostn. man who receives guests 男主人fainta. weak, indistinct 微弱的;不明显的crawlvi move slowly by pulling the body along the ground 爬行UNIT 3TEXTJefferson died long ago, but may of his ideas still of great interest to us.Lessons from JeffersonThomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, may be less famous than George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, but most people remember at last one fact about him: he wrote the Declaration of Independence.Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much that we learn from him today. Many of his ideas are especially interesting to modern youth. Here are some of the things he said and wrote:Go and see. Jefferson believed that a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and that personal investigation is important. When still a young man, he was appointed to a committee to find out whether the South Branch of the James River was deep enough to be used by large boats. While the other members of the committee sat in the state capitol and studied papers on the subject, Jefferson got into a canoe and made on-the-spot-observations.You can learn from everyone. By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters. Jefferson once said to the French nobleman, Lafayette, "You must go into the people's homes as I have done, look into their cooking pots and eat their bread. If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied and understand the revolution that is threatening France."Judge for yourself. Jefferson refused to accept other people's opinions without careful thought. "Neither believe nor reject anything," he wrote to his nephew, "because any other person has rejected or believed it. Heaved has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it."Jefferson felt that the people "may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter."Do what you believe is right. In a free country there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength. It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive. Though Jefferson was for many years the object of strong criticism, he never answered his critics. He expressed his philosophy in letters to a friend, "There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with decision and on it with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions."Trust the future; trust the young. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness. "No society," he said, "can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. The earth belongs to the living generation." He did not fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future. "How much pain," he remarked, "has been caused by evils which have never happened! I expect the best, not the worst. I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind."Jefferson's courage and idealism were based on knowledge. He probably knew more than any other man of his age. He was an expert in agriculture, archeology, and medicine. He practiced crop rotation and soil conservation a century before these became standard practice, and he invented a plow superior to any other in existence. He influenced architecture throughout America, and he was constantly producing devices for making the tasks of ordinary life easier to perform.Of all Jefferson's many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer. His complete works, now being published for the first time, will fill more than fifty volumes. His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when the time came to write the Declaration of Independence at Philadelphia in 1776, the task of writing it was his. Millions have thrilled to his words: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal…"When Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of American independence, he left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples. American education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson, Who believed that only a nation of educated people could remain free.NEW WORDSdeclarationn. document containing an open public announcement 宣言independencen. freedom from the control of others 独立obtainvt. get through effort 获得sourcen. place from which sth. comes; place where a river starts （来）源；源头personala. done in person; belonging to a person 亲自的；个人的investigationn. detailed or careful examination 调查investigatevt.appointvt. put (sb.) in a position 任命appointmentn.committeen. a group of people chosen for special duties 委员会capitoln. （美国）州议会大厦canoen. light boat moved by a paddle 独木舟on-the-spota. at the place of the action 现场的humblea. low in position 地位低下的n. parentage; birth; beginning 血统；出身；起源gardenern. person who works in a garden either for pay or as a hobby 园丁waitern. person who serves food to the tables in a restaurant （男）侍者noblemann. 贵族dissatisfyvt. hang over dangerously; utter a threat against 使不满threatenvt. hang over dangerously; utter a threat against 威胁threatn.rejectvt. refuse to take, believe, use of consider 拒绝rejectionn.nephewn. the son of one's brother or sistererrorn. mistake; sth. done wronglyfalsea. not true or correctjudgmentn. opinion 判断， 看法hesitatevi. feel doubtful; be undecided 犹豫，迟疑不决hesitationn.prefervt. like better; choose (one thing) rather than (another) 更喜欢；宁愿preferencen.lattera. nearer to the end 后面的；后半的n. the second of two persons or things just spoken of 后者n. be opposed; clash 冲突n. disagreement; clash; fightunquestioninga. given or done without question or doubtagreementn. having the same opinion(s); thinking in the same way 同意；一致的criticismn. unfavourable remarks of judgments 批评criticn. person who makes judgments about the good and bad qualities of sth.; person who points out mistakes 评论家；批评者criticizevt.philosophyn. 哲学resentvt. feel angry or bitter at 对...忿恨;对...不满actionn. the process of doing things; sth. done 行动过程；行动customn. 习惯,风俗perpetuala. never-ending; going on for a long time or without stopping 永恒的;连续不断的constitutionn. 宪法;章程livinga. alive now 活(着)的remarkvt. say; comment 说;评论说n. 话语;评论eviln. sth. bad; sin 邪恶,罪恶a. very bad 邪恶的,坏的idealismn. 理想主义;唯心主义arch(a)eologyn. study of ancient things, esp. remains of prehistoric times 考古学rotationn. 轮作;旋转rotatev.conservationn. protecting from loss of from being used up 保护;保存conservevt.superiora. good or better in quality or value 较好的;优的superiorityn.existencen. the state of existing 存在influencevt. have an effect on 影响architecturen. art and science of building 建筑术;建筑学constantlyad. continuously; frequently 不断地;经常地constanta.performvt. do, carry out 做,履行talentn. special natural ability 才能,天资centrala. chief; main; most important 主要的tirelessa. never or rarely getting tiredwritern. a person who writes esp. as a way of earning money 作家publishvt. have (a book, etc.) printed and put on sale 出版volumen. book, esp. one of a set of books 卷;册thrillvi. have a very exciting feeling 非常激动self-evidenta. clear without proof 不言而喻的createvt. make (sth. that has not been made before) 创造creationn.anniversaryn. the yearly return of a special date 周年纪念日countrymann. a person from one's own country 同胞legacyn. sth. that one person leaves to another when he dies 遗产owevt. 欠(债等);应把...归功于debtn. something owed to someone else 债(务)educatevt. train; teach how to read, write, think, etc.PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSgo out of one's way (to do sth.)take particular trouble; make a special effort 特地leave...toleave sb. in charge of 交托,委托act onact according to 按照...行事leave behindabandon; fall to take or bring 丢弃;留下,忘带in existenceexisting 存在above all: most important of all 首先,尤其是PROPER NAMESBruce Bilven布鲁斯.布利文Thomas Jefferson托马斯.杰斐逊George Washington乔治.华盛顿Abraham Lincoln亚伯拉罕.林肯the Declaration of Independence 《独立宣言》the James River詹姆斯河Lafayette拉斐特France法国Heaven上帝；天堂Philadelphia费城（美国港市）UNIT 4TEXTTrying to make some money before entering university, the author applies for a teaching job. But the interview goes from bad to worse...My First JobWhile I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.However, three days later a letter arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey: a train to Croydon station; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter to feel nervous.The school was a red brick house with big windows, The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.It was clearly the headmaster himself that opened the door. He was short and fat. He had a sandy-coloured moustache, a wrinkled forehead and hardly any hair.He looked at me with an air of surprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaces were undone. 'Ah yes,' he grunted. 'You'd better come inside.' The narrow, sunless hall smelled unpleasantly of stale cabbage; the walls were dirty with ink marks; it was all silent. His study, judging by the crumbs on the carpet, was also his dining-room. 'You'd better sit down,' he said, and proceeded to ask me a number of questions: what subjects I had taken in my General School Certificate; how old I was; what games I played; then fixing me suddenly with his bloodshot eyes, he asked me whether I thought games were a vital part of a boy's education. I mumbled something about not attaching too much importance to them. He grunted. I had said the wrong thing. The headmaster and I obviously had very little in common.The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art, which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park, a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons.The teaching set-up filled me with fear. I should have to divide the class into three groups and teach them in turn at three different levels; and I was dismayed at the thought of teaching algebra and geometry-two subjects at which I had been completely incompetent at school. Worse perhaps was the idea of Saturday afternoon cricket; most of my friends would be enjoying leisure at that time.I said shyly, 'What would my salary be?' 'Twelve pounds a week plus lunch.' Before I could protest, he got to his feet. 'Now', he said, 'you'd better meet my wife. She's the one who really runs this school.'This was the last straw. I was very young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimate indignity.NEW WORDSapplyvi. write to ask for (a job, membership. etc.), esp. officially 申请applicationn.interviewn. 面试；接见；会见advertisevt. make know to people by printing a notice in a newspaper, etc. or by broadcasting on television, ets. 为...做广告advertisementn.localof, special to, a place or district 当地的;地方性的postn. job or position 职位suburbn. outer area of a town or city, where people live 郊区slima. small, slight; slender 微小的;苗条的depressvt. make sad 使沮丧depressionn.brickn. 砖graveln. 砾石evergreena. with green leaves throughout the year 常绿的shrubn. low bush with several woody stems 灌木fumen. strong-smelling smoke, gas or vapour 浓烈难闻的烟,气,汽headmaster n. (中,小学的)校长sandy-coloureda. yellowish-red 沙色的,黄中带红的moustachen. hair growing on the upper lip 小胡子disapprovaln. unfavorable opinion or feeling; dislike 不赞成;不满coloneln. 上校privaten. soldier of the lowest rank 列兵;士兵bootlacen. shoelace for a high shoe or boot 靴带undovt. untie, unfasten 解开;松开ahinterj. (a cry of surprise, pity, pain, joy, dislike, etc.) 啊gruntvt. 咕哝着说出unpleasantlyad. 令人不愉快地stalea. not fresh 不新鲜的cabbagen. 卷心菜crumbn. very small, broken piece of bread or cake 面包屑;糕饼屑carpetn. heavy woven material fir covering floors or stairs 地毯certificaten. 证(明)书bloodshota. (眼睛)充血的vitala. very necessary; of the greatest importance 必不可少的,极其重要的vt. speak (words) unclearly 含糊地说attachvt. give (to); fasten (to) 把...给予;系,贴importancen. the quality of being importantobviouslyad. it can be easily seen; plainly 明显地，显然obviousa.consist (of)vi. be made up (of) 组成，构成rangevi. vary between certain limits （在一定的范围内）变动cricketn. 板球set-upn. arrangementdismayvt. make discouraged or afraid 使灰心，使害怕algebran. 代数学geometryn. 几何学incompetenta. completely unskillful; not good enough at doing a job, etc. 无能力的；不胜任的competenta. opposite of incompetentleisuren. free time; time which one can spend as one likes 闲暇；悠闲salaryn. fixed (usually monthly) pay for regular work 薪水plusprep. with the addition of 加（上）protestvi. express a strong objection 抗议；反对n. 稻草；麦杆prospectvi. sth. expected or considered probable; possibility 期望中的事；展望；前景constitutevt. form; make up; be 组成，构成ultimatea. greatest; utmost; last or final 最大的；终极的，最终的indignityn. injury to one's dignity; insult 侮辱PHRASES & EXPRESSIONSbe short ofnot having enough of 缺少smell ofhave, give out the smell of 有...的气味judging byforming an opinion based onattach importance toconsider important 重视in commonshared with someone else 共有的,共同的consist ofbe made up ofin turnone after another 轮流PROPER NAMESLondon伦敦(英国首都)Croydon克洛伊登(英国地名)UNIT 5TEXTSeen through the eyes of a young friend Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.The professor and the Yo-yoMy father was a close friend of Albert Einstein. As a shy young visitor to Einstein's home, I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said, "I have something to show you." He went to his desk and returned with a Yo-Yo. He tried to show me how it worked but he couldn't make it roll back up the string. When my turn came, I displayed my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance. Einstein nodded, properly impressed by my skill and knowledge. Later, I bought a new Yo-Yo and mailed it to the Professor as a Christmas present, and received a poem of thanks.As boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him. He knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning. He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could. In the 23 years of our friendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger, resentment, or personal ambition. He seemed immune to these emotions. He was beyond any pretension. Although he corresponded with many of the world's most important people, his stationery carried only a watermark - W - for Woolworth's.To do his work he needed only a pencil only a pencil and a pad of paper. Material things meant nothing to him. I never knew him to carry money because he never had any use for it. He believed in simplicity, so much so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave. When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, "The razor and water do the job.""But Professor, why don't you try the cream just once?" I argued. "It makes shaving smoother and less painful."He shrugged. Finally, I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. The next morning when he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery. "You know, that cream really works," he announced. "It doesn't pull the beard. It feels wonderful." Thereafter, he used the shaving cream every morning until the tube was empty. Then he reverted to using plain water.Einstein was purely and exclusively a theorist. He didn't have the slightest interest in the practical application of his ideas and theories. His E=mc2 is probably the most famous equation in history - yet Einstein wouldn't walk down the street to see a reactor create atomic energy. He won the Nobel Prize for his Photoelectric Theory, a series of equations that he considered relatively minor in importance, but he didn't have any curiosity in observing how his theory made TV possible.My brother once gave the Professor a toy, a bird that balanced on the edge of a bowl of water and repeatedly dunked its head in the water. Einstein watched it in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But be couldn't.The next morning he announced, "I had thought about that bird for a long time before I went to bed and it must work this way…" He began a ling explanation. Then he stopped, realizing a flaw in his reasoning. "No, I guess that's not it," he said. He pursued various theories for several days until I。
大学英语精读(修订版)教案
大学英语精读(修订版)教案一、第一章：课程介绍与目标1.1 课程背景随着全球化的加速，英语在国际交流中的地位日益重要。
为了提高学生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听、说、读、写四个方面的技能，我国高等教育设置了大学英语精读课程。
本课程旨在通过深入分析文本，提高学生的语言表达能力和跨文化交际能力。
1.2 教学目标通过本章的学习，学生将了解课程的基本要求和教学方法，熟悉课程的的组织结构和评价体系。
学生还应掌握英语学习的基本策略，为后续的学习打下坚实的基础。
二、第二章：文本分析与解读2.1 文本分析本章将引导学生学习如何对文本进行深入分析。
通过学习，学生将掌握文本的基本特征，学会从不同角度对文本进行解析，提高对文本的理解能力。
2.2 文本解读三、第三章：词汇与语法学习3.1 词汇学习本章将介绍如何有效地学习和掌握英语词汇。
学生将通过学习词根、词缀、词义、词性等方面的知识，扩大自己的词汇量，提高词汇运用的准确性和灵活性。
3.2 语法学习在本节中，学生将学习英语语法的基本知识，包括时态、语态、句型结构等。
通过大量的练习，学生将提高自己的语法运用能力，为写作和口语表达打下坚实的基础。
四、第四章：听力训练4.1 听力技巧本章将教授学生如何提高英语听力。
学生将通过学习各种听力技巧，如预测、主旨大意、细节捕捉等，提高听力理解能力。
4.2 听力实践在本节中，学生将进行大量的听力练习，包括对话、短文、新闻等。
通过不断的实践，学生将提高自己的听力水平，为实际交际做好准备。
五、第五章：口语表达与交流5.1 口语技巧本章将教授学生如何进行有效的口语表达。
学生将通过学习口语的基本技巧，如语音、语调、语速等，提高自己的口语表达能力。
5.2 口语实践在本节中，学生将进行各种口语练习，包括角色扮演、辩论、讨论等。
通过不断的实践，学生将提高自己的口语水平，增强跨文化交际能力。
六、第六章：写作技巧与实践6.1 写作技巧本章将向学生介绍英语写作的基本技巧，包括文章结构、段落发展、连接词使用等。
大学英语精读文本1-6册
ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPER
The standard research report, regardless of the field or the intended reader, contains four major sections. These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections, Байду номын сангаасnd they may be arranged in a variety of ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report.
A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of past research on the topic being investigated. This would consist of summaries of the contributions of previous researcher to the question under consideration with some assessment of the value of these contributions. This subsection has rhetorical usefulness in that it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based on a thorough knowledge of what has been done in the field and, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition.
第三版大学英语精读第一册(教桉)全
第一章教学安排的说明章节题目：Unit 1 Some Strategies for Learning English学时分配：本章六学时：一至三学时为课文讲授；四至六学时为练习和听力训练本章教学目的与要求：1. 按大纲要求使学生了解必要的文化背景知识。
2. 按大纲要求讲授单词、语法、句型等英语语言文化知识。
3. 按大纲要求提高学生英语听书读写各方面的能力。
其它：参考书目《大学英语精读第一册教师用书》、《大学英语星火学习手册》、《大学英语语法练习册》课堂教学方案课题名称：Unit 1 Some Strategies for Learning English--- Text课文讲授授课时数：三学时（Teaching Time: 3 hours）授课类型:理论课Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year.教学方法与手段：讲授、讨论、指导、多媒体教学目的要求（Teaching Objectives）：1、Teach the students how to study English in the college.2、Let the student share their good study habits with others.3、Make the students understand the structure pattern of an expository writing.4、About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and require grammatical points of the section.教学重点、难点：1)Words:average;case;commit;occupy;concentrate;enable;adequate;organize;double;mention;confuse; purpose; permanent2)Phrases & Expression:fill in; decide on ; be aware of; set aside; as well; look over; make useof ; go over; lead to3)Grammar:as well, so…that…;too…to …; as…as…教学内容及组织安排（Teaching Procedures）:I. Pre-reading ActivitiesStep one (presentation)2.Make sure that they can pronounce each new word in the vocabulary3.Explain the important words with examplesVocabulary:average: a.ordinary; normale.g. What is the monthly income of an average family in Lanzhou?I was average in my class though I had hoped I would better? mean(平均的)e.g. The average age of the students in that class is 20.The average income of these teachers is 1000 yuan per month.n. (collocation) on (the) average: taking account over a periode.g. When he was a student in that university, he failed one subject per year onaverage.case: (multimodal word)1.actual condition, actual state of affairs.e.g. Is it the case that you fail the examination?in any case: whatever happens or may have happenede.g. in any case, I will arrive there at 8 tomorrow.In no case: in no circumstances.e.g. In no case should we give in .(predicate use inversion)in case: because of the possibility of sth. happening.e.g. Take an umbrella with you in case it (should) rain/rains.in case of: if sth. Happens e.g. In case of the rain, take a shelter.In the case of: as to e.g. In the case of my elder sister, she doesn’t like surfing the net addition: n.(1) in addition: besides. e.g. In addition, he studies French well .(2)in addition to sb./sth.e.g. When I was a middle school student I read a romantic novel inaddition to a hysterical novel every month.commit:vt.(1) decide to give (time,money,etc.) for special usage.e.g. They are committing money to offer the opportunity education ofaccepting to the poor children.(2) perform: e.g. commit suicide, errors, a crime, a mistake.(3) commit oneself to: make oneself responsible; under take.e.g. She has committed herself to give birth to a child for him. occupy: take up, fill(1)be occupied in (doing) sth.: involved or busy.e.g. He is occupied in translating the modern Chinese novel into English.(2)occupy oneself in (doing) sth: fill one’s time or keep oneself busy.e.g.The young man occupied himself in making experiments.entertain: (1)entertain sb. at/to dinner;(2) entertain sb. Withe.g. The householder/host entertain the guests with a feast/big dinner. aware:be/ become aware of :e.g.Lin fully aware of the gravity of the situation.enable: (1)enable sb. to do sth.e.g. The student’s identity cards enable the students to travel by train on halfprice.(2) enable sth.e.g.The support of the committee members enabled the passage ofthe bell.(3) “en+ noun/adjective”: change the word to be verb , meaning ”e.g . en+large=enlarge(to make large) en+rich=enrich( to make rich) adequate: (1) as much as one needs:a. suggesting the amount is satisfactorye.g. There hundred yuan per month is not adequate to support a family ofthree in a city.b. enough:(of quality) as great as is needed. It is the most general term.e.g. Live got enough of you.(too much complaint)c. sufficient: enough, written language.(literary language)e.g. Toby’s father has saved sufficient money to support his college study.(2)suitable ; fit collocation: be adequate to (doing) sth.e.g. Do you think he is adequate to (accomplishing) the task? concentrate(on/upon):vi. pay close attention tovt. come or bring together at one place.e.g. concentrate all the forces.content: what is written in a book, etc.e.g. The contents of the book is printed in bold typeportion:a portion of …, (a series of, a species of)e.g. A large portion of his articles was published.A large number of his articles were published.mention: (1) vt. Speak or write about sth. In a few words.e.g.Do not mention to his wife that he started smoking again.(2) n. referring toe.g. At the mention of the headmaster, the pupil’s heart sank.(3) not to mention + v.inge.g.He can not walk, not to mention running.confused: adj. Be confused about.e.g. Lin confused about the difference between these expressions.attitude:(1) What are thinks about sth. or sb.attitude towards/to/aboutattitude of sb.e.g. What’s your attitude to/about/toward women’s rights?attitude towards the studentsattitude of the students(2) pose, man ner of hiding one’s body.e.g. He stood there in a menacing attitude.课堂练习或讨论、布置作业：1. T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text (10mins)2. T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text (5 mins)课堂教学方案课题名称：Unit 1 Some Strategies for Learning English--- listening & Practice听力及练习授课时数：三学时（Teaching Time: 3 hours）授课类型:理论课Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year.教学方法与手段：讲授、讨论、指导、多媒体教学目的要求（Teaching Objectives）：1、Teach the students how to study English in the college.2、Let the student share their good study habits with others.3、Make the students understand the structure pattern of an expository writing.4、About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and require grammatical points of the section.教学重点、难点：1)Words:average;case;commit;occupy;concentrate;enable;adequate;organize;double;mention;confuse; purpose; permanent2)Phrases & Expression:fill in; decide on ; be aware of; set aside; as well; look over; make useof ; go over; lead to3)Grammar:as well, so…that…; t oo…to …; as…as…教学内容及组织安排（Teaching Procedures）:II. While-reading Activities1. Ss have the silent reading on the text (10 mins)2. Let the students read the questions after the text first. Then explain the text to thestudents. The following are the difficult sentences:a.sounds too good to be true.(Introduction)b.This is not necessarily the case, however.(L.3)c.Yes, even students of average intelligence can be top students withoutadditional work.d.Fill in committed time such as eating, sleeping, meetings, classes,etc.(L.6-7)e.Skimming helps double your reading speed and improve youcomprehension as well.f.Review important points mentioned in class as well as points you remainconfused about.After that, let the students answer those questions.3. Teacher asks Ss to come out the main idea, the structural organization of the text. (10 mins)4. Teacher summarizes the main idea, the structures of the Section A. (5 mins)The structure of the text:a.introduction (para.1)b.Body (Para.2-7)c.Conclusion (para.8)III. Post-reading Activities1. Let the students do the exercises in the text-book that are related to the new words.2. Ss hand in the summary of the text.3. Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.✓Do you have any other effective study habits or techniques?✓Divide the class into small groups. Each group is about 5-6 students.✓In the group, one will be appointed group leader, another secretary and a third oral reporter.4. Let the students do the other exercises in the test book and check the answers together under the instruction of the teacher.课堂练习或讨论、布置作业：Writing第二章教学安排的说明章节题目：Unit 2 Sailing Round the World学时分配：本章六学时：一至三学时为课文讲授；四至六学时为练习和听力训练本章教学目的与要求：1. 按大纲要求使学生了解必要的文化背景知识。
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大学英语精读精编W O R D版IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】英语精读（1）考前辅导答案一、单选题1. mark often attempts to escape ( D ) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.a. having been finedb. to have been finedc. to be finedd. being fined2. he asked who i voted for ａnd i said it was my own ( D ).a. thingb. matterc. dutyd. business3. i think we should let maria go camping with her boyfriend. ( A ), she’s a big girl now. a. after all b. above allc. first of alld. for all4. i am sorry ( C ) written you a letter at the time.a. to have notb. to not havec. not to haved. not having5. the man told his girlfriend he would wait for her ｗhere the three roads ( C ).a. linkb. connectc. meetd. combine6. mrs. smith warned her daughter ( A ) after drinking.a. never to driveb. to never drivec. never drivingd. never drive7. there is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry ａnd i think he means ( B ) trouble.a. makingb. to makec. to have maded. having made8. –mum, it is nice weather. i want to skate this afternoon.--don’t you think the ice on the lake is too thin to ( B ) your weight?a. standb. bearc. catchd. take9. years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science (B ) that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill.a. showedb. has shownc. will showd. is showing10. in such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they ( B ).a. have survivedb. are to survivec. would survived. will survive二、填空题governments，media ａnd people around the world have become very worried about something called sudan i (苏丹红1号). this chemical dye,_1_ in many food products, was said to _2_ cancer. newspapers told everyone to be careful ａnd governments pulled this product off supermarket _3_.sudan i is a red dye ｕｓｅd for _4_ oils, waxes, petrol, shoe ａnd floor polishes（上光剂）. scientists have found if ｕｓｅd in food, it can _5_ an increased risk of cancer.on march 4, beijing’s food safety office said that it found the cancer-causing dye in meiweiyuan chili（红辣椒）sauce in the city. now the _6_, famous us food company heinz, has recalled its chili sauces ａnd chili oils sold in china.this follows news of food companies, including mcdonald’s, _7_ some products in britain after finding the dye in them.france was the first to _8_ the chemical dye in 2003. since then ， foods _9_ sudan i have been banned in the european union._10_ experts say that people who have eaten any of the products should not _11_ too much.the cancer risk ｆrom sudan i is very _12_, as only tiny amounts of it are ｕｓｅd in foods. sudan i was banned ｆrom food products because experiments on rats _13_ that it could cause serious tumors（肿瘤）.but, alan boobies, an expert in london, says there is little _14_ for the public to worry. he said that the levels fed to the rats were in much, much bigger amounts _15_their body size. the amounts in food products eaten by humans are _16_.the rats that got tumors were given 30 milligrams of sudan i per kilogram of body weight, every day for two years. animals given half the amount showed no _17_ of cancer.the tumors only _18_ in the rats after many months. for humans, this means that if the dye were to have any _19_, it would take around 20 years. professor boobis give s a _20_.”it’s just like the cancer risk linked with smoking just one cigarette in a lifetime,” he said.1—5. cbacd 6—10 bdcca 11—15 cbdba 16—20 cdbad1. a. stuck b. stored c.found d. offered2. a. produce b. cause c. maked. give3. a. shelves b. cases c. storaged. tables4. a. gluing b. gathering c. coloring d. conducting5. a. allow for b. adjust to c. callfor d. contribute to6. a. seller b. producerc. customerd. farmer7. a. breaking up b. putting out c.pulling away d. taking back8. a. reject b. invent c. notice d. produce9. a. causing b. including c. containing d. using10. a. but b. also c. then d. so11. a. complain b. disagree c. worry d. blame12. a. high b. low c. common d. rare13. a. guided b. guaranteed c. rated d. showed14. a. concern b. reason c. cause d. right15. a. compared to b. regardless of c. ｕｓｅd to d. in spite of16. a. none b. larger c. tiny d. more17. a. signals b. marks c. symbols d. signs18. a. produced b. developed c. made d. created19. a. effect b. cause c. harm d. change20. a. connection b. perception c. recognition d. comparison三、翻译题1、 那个经理亲自调查产品的质量问题。
（in person ）the manager looked into the quality problems in person.2、 大致看来，他的计划是成功的。
（in general ）in general, his plan is successful.3、 你可以选这件蓝色或者那件绿色夹克作为送给你父亲的礼物。