英语词汇分类复习

高考英语词汇归类复习

一、从用法上复习归纳词汇，过语法关

英语词汇大多具有本身词义外，还有其语法功能，我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上，而要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点，从它们的用法上进行分类记忆。这样，既可记住词汇，又可攻克语法难关。

1.宾语不同，意义也不同

英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语，但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主要有：

go on doing（继续干同一件事）go on to do（接着去干另一件事）

stop doing sth.（停止正在干的事）stop to do sth.（停下来去干某事）

regret doing（后悔干了某事）regret to do（相当于be sorry to do）

forget/remember doing（忘记／记得已做过的事） forget/remember to do（忘记／记得要干的事）mean doing（意味着干…） mean to do（想干…）try doing（尝试做） try to do（设法做）

"You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting." "Well, now I regret ________ tha t.”

A. to do

B. to be doing

C. to have done

D. having done（9 5高考）

"I usually go there by train." "Why not ____________ by boat for a change?"

A. to try going

B. trying to go

C. to try and go

D. try going（92高考）

（87高考）They would not allow him _________across the line.

A. to risk going

B. risking going

C. for risk to go

D. risk going

2.都可接宾语和宾补，形式却不同

某些动词如forbid, advise, allow, permit, admit, consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补时，宾补要用不定式。如： We forbid smoking here.（宾语）We forbid you to smoke here.（宾补）You are forbidden to smoke here.（主补）

3.宾语不同、语态不同，意义却相同

有些词如need, require, want, deserve等后可接不定式（要用被动形式），可接动名词（要用主动形式表被动意义），可与worth, worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如：The room requires to be cle aned/cleaning.

This sentence needs______________. （85高考）

A. an improvement

B. improve

C. improving

D. improved

4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组

只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有：decide, expect, refuse, wish, hope, order, promise, pretend, o ffer, happen, seem, make up one's mind, used, be about, be able, have等。如：

She pretended _______ me when I passed by. （89高考）

A. not to see

B. not seeing

C. to not see

D. having not seen

5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组

只接动名词作宾语的词和词组：mind, risk, avoid, enjoy, escape, keep, suggest, appreciate, pra ctise, delay, finish, feel like, look forward to, can't help, keep(on), miss, be used to, ex cuse, be worth, imagine ,put off, give up等。如：

I would appreciate _________back this afternoon. （92高考）

A. you to call

B. you call

C. your calling

D. you are calling

The squirrel was lucky that it just missed______.（87高考）

A. catching

B. to be caught

C. being caught

D. to catch

6.系动词

系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有：

表感观的系动词：look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear（这些词用形容词作表语）

表变化的系动词：become, get, turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run表依旧的系动词：remain, ke ep, stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold

可带名词作表语的系动词：be, become, make, look, sound, fall, prove, remain, turn（该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如：He turned teacher.）