英语专业八级汉英翻译介绍
英语专业八级翻译练习高分范文汇编汉译英
英语专业八级翻译练习高分范文汇编汉译英英语专业八级翻译练习高分范文汇编汉译英2000 CE:世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。
第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。
这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。
世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。
在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。
这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。
中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆～它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。
The first generations of museums in the world were museums of natural history,which made known the evolution of the earth and all kinds of living creatures by displaying to the audience fossils and specimens.The second generation museums were those of individual technologies.What they exhibited were achievements at different stages brought about by industrial civilization.These two generations of museums had helped to spread the scientific knowledge;however,they have regarded visitors as passive spectators.The third generation museums in the world give full expression_rs to various modern concepts and fresh ideas,where visitors can have acareful observation of the exhibits by having their hands on them,which bringsmuseum-goers closer to the advanced science and technology,closer to where their mystery lies.2001 CE:晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，"有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。
英语专业八级汉英翻译介绍
汉译英常用技巧及实例分析
词的翻译 句的翻译 段落翻译
词义选择 词类转换 词的增补 词的减省
评分标准
忠实 60%+通顺40%
9-10 原文的信息全部传达，语气和文体风格与原文一致；句 式处理恰当，选词妥贴，英语比较地道。
7-8 个别重要信息疏漏，重要信息传达语气文体与原文基本 一致；语言基本合乎英语规范，行文比较流畅。
5-6 少量理解错误，个别漏译；个别句子结构错误，词不达 意，行文不够流畅。
词的翻译
钓鱼可分为三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段 是吃鱼与情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣…… （2001年真题）
x three stages x three phases x three moment
✓ three states ✓ There are three states for fishing……
学校
哈佛校长的演讲
152
2008 论说文
生活
新生活
152
2009 论说文
生活
手机
171
2010 论说文
人生哲理 交友之道
160
2011 论说小品文 生活工作 现代人两种矛盾的生活方式 171
试题特点 1、文体：记叙、介绍、散文、论说 2、语域：人文历史，无科技翻译 3、内容：无专门学术领域知识
年度
体裁
题材
内容
字数
2001 散文
艺术
音乐家乔羽的生活
专业八级翻译参考译文
专业八级翻译参考译文Model Test 1SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH[参考译文]Instead of harassing the monks, the tigers voluntarily stood guard at the gate of the temple. As a reward for it, the monks would place some edibles in front of the gate for the tigers to eat. Towards evening, when the setting sun had dyed half of the sky red, the tigers would come up to the gate in groups to eat their fill and then left slipping and jumping. The monks usually left the gate wide open while peacefully engaged in their daily routine of chanting Buddhist scripture inside the temple. Normally none of their came out to watch the tigers eat. Sometimes, however, one or two monks did appear standing at the gate, but the tigers would remain unalarmed and, taking the monks for their friends, did nothing to harm them. They just kept on eating unhurriedly until they finished and left. Sometimes, when they found，monks at the gate, they would whisk a way like the wind after uttering several thunderous roars.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CIINESE【参考译文】涉足爱河的青年男女常以爱情为砝码，而他们的父母更愿意他们选择有钱人。
专业八级考试98-06(翻译部分)
Vancouver is one of the few multinational cities in the world. Among the 1.8 million residents in Vancouver, half were born outside the country, and of every four residents one comes from Asia. The 250 thousand Chinese immigrants have played a decisive role in the economic transformation of Vancouver. Half of them have come to the Vancouver area within the past five years, turning it into the largest Chinese settlement outside of Asia.
【概述】
这段文字是一篇赴台访问记的节选，文中夹叙夹 议，用词讲究，文笔优美。
翻译时有三大难点，一是文中的复杂长句，如第二句长达75 字，而且里面包含转折、并列等多种关系。
二是我们习以为常的说法如“铭刻着……印记”，“推到历 史前台”等要翻译好也不容易。
三是这段文字涉及祖国统一的主题，笔下饱含感情，充满了 对祖国统一的期望和对台湾同胞的深厚情意，所以翻译时措 辞很关键。
【参考译文】
When we stayed in Taiwan for an exchange program, despite the
tight schedule, we visited many places, meeting old friends and make new ones. At every get-together, one important topic was how to make China powerful and prosperous in the 21st century. Though young people on the mainland and in Taiwan live in different social environments and have varied life experiences, their hearts are all imprinted with the fine tradition of the Chinese culture and they cherish the same ideal of rejuvenating the Chinese nation.
专业八级翻译讲解汉译英
2.expression errors:
(2)expressions----wordy repeating not clear in meaning illogical (3)style----improperly formal improperly colloquial improperly literary
3.PASSABLE WITH SOME INACCURACIES (6—5)
The translation adequately reflects most of the original passage with occasional errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is, for the most part, readable.
2.expression errors:
(1)words----wrong words no such words (2)expressions----wrong expression no such expression usage error error in collocation awkward
2.GOOD TRANSLATION WITH FEW INACCURACIES(8—7)
The translation reflects almost all the original passage with relatively few significant errors in comprehending individual words, phrases, sentences or ideas. The translation is readable (generally clear, smooth, cohesive)
八级翻译
TEM8《英语专业八级考试样题》翻译部分Section A: Translate the following underlined part of the Chinese text into English（原文）1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。
望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。
在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。
世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。
跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……（参考译文）On February 2, 1997, our delegation checked into the ZhongXin Hotel by the side of the Riyuetai Lake. It was already 3 o'clock early the next morning by the time I saw off the last group of guests. For a long time, I could not fall asleep, even though I was comfortably lying in the bed. Putting on my clothes again, I got off the bed and walked to the window. Extending my eyes into the distance through the window, I was greeted by the view of the surrounding mountains and hills shrouded in layered greenness and the silvery flickering of waves scuttling across the surface of the Pool. Looking at the sole naturally-formed picturesque lake in Taiwan, I felt an infinite train of thoughts passing through my mind … …The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances. Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century. Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture. They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation). In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness. People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland. The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage). At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer.In the Riyuetai Lake, the waves across the lake surface have by now all vanished. Enveloped in utter tranquility, the Lake has joined me in deep thoughts … …Section B: Translate the following underlined part of the English text into Chinese（原文）I agree to some extent with my imaginary English reader. American literary historians are perhaps prone to view their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness. They do over-phrase their own literature, or certainly its minor figures. And Americans do swing from aggressive overphrase of their literature to an equally unfortunate, imitative deference. But then, the English themselves are somewhat insular in their literary appraisals. Moreover, in fields where they are not pre-eminent - e. g. in painting and music -they too alternate between boasting of native products and copying those of the Continent. How many English paintings try to look as though they were done in Paris; how many times have we read in articles that they really represent an "English tradition" after all.To speak of American literature, then, is not to assert that it is completely unlike that of Europe. Broadly speaking, America and Europe have kept step. At any given moment the traveler could find examples in both of the same architecture, the same styles in dress, the same books on the shelves. Ideas have crossed the Atlantic as freely as men and merchandise, though sometimes more slowly. When I refer to American habit, thoughts, etc., I intend some sort of qualification to precede the word, for frequently the difference between America and Europe (especially England) will be one of degree, sometimes only of a small degree. The amount of divergence is a subtle affair, liable to perplex the Englishman when he looks at America. He is looking at a country which in important senses grew out of his own, which in several ways still resembles his own - and which is yet a foreign country. There are odd overlappings and abrupt unfamiliarities; kinship yields to a sudden alienation, as when we hail a person across the street, only to discover from his blank response that we have mistaken a stranger for a friend.（参考译文）在某种程度上，我赞同我那假想中的英国读者的观点。
2000年-2015年英语专业八级翻译(英译汉)
2015英译汉At its heart, psycholinguistic work consists of two questions. One is, What knowledge of language is needed for us to use language? In a sense, we must know a language to use it, but we are not always fully aware of this knowledge. A distinction may be drawn between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge of how to perform various acts, whereas explicit knowledge refers to the knowledge of the processes or mechanisms used in these acts. We sometimes know how to do something without knowing how we do it. For instance, a baseball pitcher (投手) might know how to throw a baseball 90 miles an hour but might have little or no explicit knowledge of the muscle groups that are involved in this act. Similarly, we may distinguish between knowing how to speak and knowing what processes are involved in producing speech. Generally speaking, much of our linguistic knowledge is tacit rather than explicit.参考译文：心理语言学的研究包括两个核心问题。
2020年英语专业8级翻译系列：汉译英--文学类1完整篇.doc
2017年英语专业八级翻译系列：汉译英--文学类1你是否觉得劳生草草，身心两乏？我劝你工余之暇，常到小巷里走走，那是最的将息，会使你消除疲劳，紧张的心弦得到调整。
你如果有时情绪烦躁，心境悒郁，我劝你到小巷里负手行吟一阵，你一定会豁然开朗，怡然自得，物我两忘。
你有爱人吗？我建议不要带她去什么名园胜境，还是利用晨昏时节，到深巷中散散步。
在那里，你们俩可以随意谈天，心贴得更，在街上那种贪婪的睨视，恶意的斜觑，巷里是没有的；偶然呀的一声，墙门口显现出一个人影，又往往是深居简出的姑娘，看见你们，会娇羞地返身回避了。
巷，是人海汹汹中的一道避风塘，给人带来安全感；是城市喧嚣扰攘中的一带洞天幽境，胜似皇家的阁道，便于平常百姓徘徊徜徉。
爱逐臭争利，锱铢必较的，请到长街闹市去；爱轻嘴薄舌，争是论非的，请到茶馆酒楼去；爱锣鼓钲镗，管弦嗷嘈的，请到歌台剧院去；爱宁静淡泊，沉思默想的，深深的小巷在欢迎你！背景介绍《巷》是柯灵（1909 ~ 2000 ）写于1930年秋的一篇小品散文。
作者以沉挚细腻的笔调描述了江南小城市中的小巷，向往那里悠闲宁静的情调，流露出对大都市喧闹纷争生活的厌恶。
本文语言流畅，玲珑剔透，一气呵成，翻译时，应尽量再现原文的韵味。
难点解析1. 你是否觉得劳生草草：“劳生”作“辛劳的生活”解；“草草”作“忧虑”解。
全句可译为“Aren ’t you weighed down with cares in this life of hard toil...”。
weigh sb. down: depress; make tired, troubled, etc. （使闷闷不乐；使某人困乏、担心、忧虑等）。
例如，weighed down with sorrow / anxieties（因忧伤/焦虑而闷闷不乐）。
2. 身心两乏：意为“身体上和心理上都感到困乏”。
故可译为“exhausted physically and mentally”或“exhausted both in body and mind”。
专业八级词和句的翻译
1)语境词1在得病之前，我受父母的宠爱，在家中横行霸道。
Before I felt ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.关键是：“横行霸道” 可用“get everything / all things my own way 或者be the bully”2钓鱼可分为三个阶段。
There are three states for fishing.3跨世界的青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
What kind of attitude the cross-century young generation will have to meet the new centurythat promises so much hope is the question we must answer.2)表示模糊的词1昨天看电影我没有买到好票。
I did not buy a good seat for yesterday’s film.2这所全国重点大学为社会输送了大批的人才。
The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society.3)比喻词汇1老师答应给这几个学生“开小灶” The teacher has promised to give these students special tuition.2他是个“墙头草”，谁强就跟谁He always sits on the fence and falls on the side of the stronger.1）动词——> 名词1他得出这一结论是深思熟虑的结果。
His arrival at this conclusion was the result of much thought.2吃头两个菜时，你也会赞不绝口。
英语专业八级英译汉
BIn some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family —they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring. Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children, as the social institution uniquely available, at least in principle, for security, comfort, assurance, and direction in a changing, often hostile world. To most people, such a home base, in the literal sense, needs more than one person for sustenance and in generational extension .原译文：在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因：传宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖辈的欢心，使那些涉及到整个家族的宗教仪式得以发挥其应有的作用。
TEM8的翻译
全国英语专业八级考试（TEM8）的翻译部分（汉译英）原文全文如下：得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。
一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。
我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。
一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
阅学生之译文，笔者发现有一个问题值得我们教师注意，即如何在动笔翻译前，能迅速正确地确定英译的主语。
如：1. 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道。
学生译文（以下简称“学译”）：Before the illness，I was much petted by parents，doing everything at will in the home.学译：Before I became ill，I have received all the favor of my parents，just like a little tyrant at home.参考译文：Before I fell ill，I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.我们知道，汉语表达大多为“意合”结构，结构松散，以一个一个看似并列的短句“拼凑而成，彼此逻辑关系不明显；但英语则不同于汉语，它是形合语言，非常讲究句子内部的逻辑关系的”外化“，所谓”外化“，即，使用Connectives 来表现其逻辑关系。
我国译界有一个著名比喻：汉语句子的结构像”竹竿“，是一节接一节的；而英语句子则像”葡萄“，主干很短，而”挂“在上面的附加成分则很多。
可以说，汉译英的过程，是一个由”竹竿“向”葡萄“转换的过程。
首先要确定”一节接一节“的汉语句子，选其中的哪一节为英句的”（葡萄）主干“。
专八翻译英译汉讲解(全解析)
虚度年华者，虽生犹死。（虚度年华者如 同行尸走肉。）
No. 2
No
greater misfortune befalls a country than to be governed by a tyrant. befall：happen to 国之大难莫过于暴君当道。
No. 3
He
– jeopardize: endanger 危害，损害 – performance: something performed; an
accomplishment 业绩
这些公司在一拥而入之中忽略了在中国经 营最艰巨的问题，即人的问题，结果许多 公司严重损害了他们的远期经营业绩。
现在，天天都在隐瞒真相，愚弄公众，
这种做法是新闻界的耻辱。
No. 6
I walked to the ticket counter. When the ticketseller saw me, her otherwise attractive face turned sour, violently so.
– miscarriage: 流产；失误 – 注意accident，a decisive blunderer，attend 的理
解
出错者若处事果断，仍可意外取得成功； 才干出众者若优柔寡断，必然屡屡失误。
No. 8
In their rush, these companies have neglected the hardest part of doing business in China: the people part. The result is that many have jeopardized their performance in the long run.
英语专业八级翻译
在某些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因：传宗接 代，光宗耀祖，博取祖辈的欢心，使那些涉及到整个家族的宗教仪式得 以发挥其应有的作用。此类原因在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白，但它 们在其他地方曾一度构成并确实仍在构成强有力的理由。
In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife; to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.
[实用参考]历年英语专业八级翻译
![[实用参考]历年英语专业八级翻译](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/30f6a24848d7c1c708a145c5.png)
09年手机刷新了人与人之间的关系。
会议室的门口通常贴着一张通告：请与会者关闭手机。
可是会议室里的手机依然响成一片。
我们都是普通人，没有多少重要的事情。
尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。
打开手机象征着我们与这个世界的联系。
手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。
最为常见的是，一个人在路上走着走着忽然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信，他不在乎停在马路中间还是厕所旁边。
Cellphonehasalteredhumanrelatio ns.ThereisusuallPanoteonthedoor ofconferenceroo m,whichreads“tu rnoffP ourcellphones”.However,th eringsarestillresoundingintheroo m.Weareallcommonpeopleandha vefewurgenciestodo.Still,wearerel uctant/unwillingtoturnoffthephon e.CellphonesPmbolizesourconnec tionwiththeworldandreflectsour“t hirstforsocialization”.W earefamili arwiththescenewhenapersonstops hisstepstoeditshortmessageswith ePesgluedathisphone,disregardof hislocation,whetherintheroadcent erorbesidesarestroom.10年乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。
但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。
晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，"有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。
我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。
英语专业八级历年英译汉汇总
【2002年8级测试英译汉】The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings1. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society2.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others3. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable4. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge 5. They can separate facts from opinions and don't pretend to have all the answers6. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them7.Winners do not play “helpless”，nor do they play the blaming game 8. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.【概述】这是一篇议论文，议题讨论人生的核心问题—-成功与失败。
英语专业八级考试 汉译英部分(原文+参考译文)
英语专业八级考试汉译英部分（原文+参考译文）1995——2010全1995 C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the tastier they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is “important” and what is not.1996 C-E原文：近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。
英语专业八级考试----翻译汇总
2010年翻译1．英译汉I thought that it was a Sunday morning in May；that it was Easter Sunday，and as yet very early in the morning．I was standing，as it seemed to me，at the door of my own cottage．Right before me lay the very scene which could really be commanded from that situation，but exalted, as was usual，and solemnized by the power of dreams．There were the same mountains，and the same lovely valley at their feet；but the mountains were raised to more than Alpine height，and there was interspaced far larger between them of savannahs and forest lawns；the hedges were rich with white roses；and no living creature was to be seen, excepting that in the green churchyard there were cattle tranquilly reposing upon the verdant graves，and particularly round about the grave of a child whom I had once tenderly loved，just as I had really seen them，a little before sunrise，in the same summer whenthat child died.我想那是五月的一个周日的早晨；那天是复活节，一个大清早上。
英语专八翻译篇（一）汉译英
专八辅导之翻译篇（一）汉译英一十大常用英汉与汉英翻译技巧二汉译英常用技巧及实例讲解(见书)1．词的翻译词义选择词类转换词的增补和减省词的替代2. 句的翻译确立主干（主语和谓语）语序调整正反转换语态对译长句翻译3. 段落翻译段落的衔接段落的连贯段落的文体三考生常见问题分析1. 词义虚假对等2. 词类混用3.冠词滥用4.数的概念混乱5.用词冗余6.句子结构机械对应7. 主次信息不分8. 语篇衔接不当四英语专业八级汉译英练习及参考译文一常用英汉与汉英翻译技巧英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。
常用的翻译技巧有重译法、增译法、省译法、词类转移法、语序调整法、分译法、正译法、反译法、语态变换法。
1.重译法（repetition）---在翻译中为了忠实于原文不得不重复某些词语。
其总用有三：为了明确、强调和生动。
通常在某些正式的应用文体中重复使用名次，其他时候往往重复宾语等。
例: We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation often show themselves in its speech. 民族中的贵族倾向和民主倾向常在其言语中表现出来。
Note: 在汉译英时，往往有两种情况：一是汉语重复，英译时也重复；二是按照两种语言各自的习惯以不同的表达方式重复。
英译汉时也同理。
例：这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。
译文：What are they after? They are after name, after position, and want to cut smart figures.大家庭有大家庭的难处。
A large family has its difficulties.If you didn’t succeed at first, try, try, try again.起初不成功，可以一试再试。
英语专业八级测试汉译英常用技巧及实例讲解.
(2意思表达需要
例1:
原文:世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。(2000真题
译文:The third-generation museums in the world are run on entirely new concepts.
will have to meet the new century with so much hope.
分析:―姿态‖在这里是抽象含义,即―态度‖,因此应译为attitude,而不是gesture或pose等表示具体动作的词。
例4:
原文:美国内部对中国政策究竟怎么样,我们还要观察。
译文:We still have to wait and see what China policy will be pursued by the American authorities. (the American government
(2表意模糊的词
有些汉语词语比较笼统,表意模糊,译成英语时应突破汉语重直觉、重表象的思维模式,寻求词语的确切含义。
例1:
原文:昨天看电影我没有买到好票。
译文:I did not buy a good seat for yesterday’s film.
分析:―好票‖比较笼统,实际上是指―好座位‖。
例2:
例4:
原文:农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多,因此欲望也小得多。(2006真题
译文:People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the industry society, thus their desires are far less either.
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英语专业八级考试大纲
汉译英 字数：150字左右 分值：10分 时间：30分钟 要求：能运用汉译英的理论和技巧，翻译我国报刊
杂志上的文章和一般文学作品。速度为每小时250300个汉字。译文必须忠实原意，语言通顺、流畅。
历年汉译英题目（2001—2011）
评分标准
忠实 60பைடு நூலகம்+通顺40%
9-10 原文的信息全部传达，语气和文体风格与原文一致；句 式处理恰当，选词妥贴，英语比较地道。
7-8 个别重要信息疏漏，重要信息传达语气文体与原文基本 一致；语言基本合乎英语规范，行文比较流畅。
5-6 少量理解错误，个别漏译；个别句子结构错误，词不达 意，行文不够流畅。
3-4 部分信息含混，个别重大错误或遗漏；逐字硬译，句子 不连贯，意思令人费解。
1-2 误译，漏译很多，不能传达原文意思；大量句法，用词 错误，不知所云。
汉译英过程
一、正确理解汉语原文。 二、选词准确，适中，得体。 三、用地道的英语译好每一个句子，尽力避免中式
英语。 四、译文要尽量做到行文简洁，结构匀称。
汉英差异
1、英语重直线，汉语重螺旋； 2、英语重分析，汉语重综合； 3、英语多长句，汉语多短句； 4、英语多被动，汉语多主动； 5、英语多省略，汉语多补充； 6、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心； 7、英语多写实，汉语多联想； 8、英语多引申，汉语多推理； 9、英语重事实，汉语重发散； 10、英语多客观，汉语多主观。
吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。（1999年 真题）
To take in immigrants from other countries has become a long-term national policy long practiced by Canada.
To draw in immigrants has become a national policy long practiced by Canada.
词的翻译
钓鱼可分为三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段 是吃鱼与情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣…… （2001年真题）
x three stages x three phases x three moment
✓ three states ✓ There are three states for fishing……
学校
哈佛校长的演讲
152
2008 论说文
生活
新生活
152
2009 论说文
生活
手机
171
2010 论说文
人生哲理 交友之道
160
2011 论说小品文 生活工作 现代人两种矛盾的生活方式 171
试题特点 1、文体：记叙、介绍、散文、论说 2、语域：人文历史，无科技翻译 3、内容：无专门学术领域知识
开口之前…(1996)
➢ Before they open their mouth…. 一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴……
（2003年真题）
➢ On a spring evening, my parents held a banquet where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom….
When facing a pool of green water, you forget all your worries and annoyance and enjoy a good rest, both mentally and physically.
The first-generation museums in the world are museums of natural history, which introduce the evolution of the Earth and various lives by means of fossils and specimens. The secondgeneration museums are about industrial technologies.
➢ One spring evening, my parents held a banquet where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom….
汉译英常用技巧及实例分析
词的翻译 句的翻译 段落翻译
词义选择 词类转换 词的增补 词的减省
汉译英常见问题
拼写错误 冠词滥用 数的混乱 用词冗余 逐字死译 结构机械对应 主次信息颠倒 语篇连接不当
世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人 们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代博物馆属于工业技术博 物馆。（2000年真题）
The first-generation museum in the world are museums of natural history, which introduce the evolution of the Earth and various lives by means of fossil and specimen. The secondgeneration museum are about industrial technologies.
年度
体裁
题材
内容
字数
2001 散文
艺术
音乐家乔羽的生活
174
2002 散文
文化
风俗习惯的形成
142
2003 散文
生活
家庭生活回忆
155
2004 论说小品文 人生
人际关系问题
164
2005 论说小品文 人生哲理 如何衡量生命的意义
177
2006 论说小品文 民族特性 中华民族不役于物的哲学 156
2007 论说文
词类转换 吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。（2004年真题） You will be full of praise while eating the first two
main courses.
增译
面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛到一边，使自 己的身心得到充分休息。（2001年真题）