剪板机的单片机控制设计说明

摘要

本文根据实际工程自动化技术改造需要，完成了全自动剪板机智能控制系统的设计和调试。

说明书首先探讨了全自动剪板机智能控制系统的实现方案，根据实际需要，在常规的PLC控制和单片机控制中选择了以单片机为主的控制方案。

然后分析了单片机在自动控制系统的应用，对硬件电路中的主要环节：如输入输出接口的扩展、键盘和显示器电路、步进电机的驱动控制、继电器及CPU监控器X25045电路等给出设计思路和具体实现方法。对软件设计中的主要环节：如编程器仿真器环境、控制软件流程、主要功能模块实现方法、软件调试等进行了论述。

考虑到自动控制系统在实际工作环境中的可靠性和安全性，在硬件设计和软件编程中采取了抗干扰措施，如采用监控器芯片、设计检测工作状态程序等。

在设计自动控制系统的时侯，同时考虑今后技术改进和推广的需要，为系统的扩展留下了余地。

关键词：自动剪板机自动控制单片机系统硬件设计软件编程

Abstract

According to the requirement of improving actual engineering automatic technology, the exploitation and debugging of the intelligent controlling system on complete automation board shears were finished in this paper.

Firstly,the implement scheme of intelligent controlling system on complete automation board shears is discussed.according to the practical needs and requirement of clients,the SCM controller was chosen as main control scheme between the conventional PLC controller and SCM controller.

Secondly,the executing organ needed in the automatic controlling system is analysed and then thedesign of mechanical part,such as the organ of feeding,the organ of precise length set and the organ of charge and discharge, is also finished.

Finally, the application of SCM in the intelligent controlling system was analyzed. The designing idea and specific implement methods of the important section of hardware such as the expanding of I/O interface, the circuit of keyboard and display, the driving controller of step-by-step electric machinery, the circuit relya and CPU monitor were given. The main section of software such as the environment of programming editor and emulator, the flow chart of controller software, the implement methods of primary function module and the debugging of software wer discussed Considering the reliability and security of intelligent controlling system in the practical working environment, anti-jamming measure was adopted,such as usisng the COMS chip and designing the program to inspect working state etc. After it was debugged, the practical effect is very good.

When designing the intelligent controlling system, the requirements of technology improvement and spread are also considered, which leaves the space for the extending of system.

Keywords: complete automation board shears automatic control SCM system hardware designing software programming

目录

摘要 (1)

Abstract (2)

第一章绪论 (1)

1.1 课题背景 (1)

1.2 课题研究目的与意义 (1)

1.3 低成本自动化概述 (2)

1.4 智能控制理论的发展及其应用现状 (3)

1.5 本课题的研究任务和工作 (6)

第二章系统方案分析 (7)

2.1 总体方案分析 (7)

2.2 控制系统实现的总体设想 (9)

第三章步进电机的单片机控制技术 (13)

3.1 概述 (13)

3.2 步进电机的选用 (13)

3.3 步进电机的驱动电路设计 (17)

3.4 步进电机的单片机控制 (19)

3.5 步进电机加减速控制查表法设计 (26)

第四章控制系统硬件电路设计 (35)

4.1 系统硬件电路的基本组成 (35)

4.2 系统硬件电路设计原则 (35)

4.3 AT89C51单片机芯片简介 (36)

4.4 控制系统扩展接口设计 (37)

4.5 主板硬件电路设计 (39)

4.6 输入电路设计 (43)

4.7 输出电路设计输出电路分为三部分： (46)

4.8 抗干扰电路设计 (47)

4.9 其它电路设计 (48)

第五章软件设计 (49)

5.1 汇编语言及编程环境简介 (49)

5.2 系统程序设计 (50)

5.3 X25045程序模块设计 (58)

5.4 软件抗干扰设计 (59)

第六章结论 (62)

参考文献 (64)

致 (65)

附录：英文技术资料及翻译 (66)