句子成分和基本句型的讲解
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英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型 及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本 句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
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1.主语(Subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述 的主体，常位于句首。 但在there be结构、疑问句（主语不是 疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、 助动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构 表示。
3
句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、 谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成 分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicat e）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、 定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语 （complement）。
表语从句表示。例如：
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1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours? （代词） 3.The weather has turned cold. （形容词） 4.The speech is exciting. （分词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）
C. you
• 3. We had better send for a doctor.
• A. We doctor
B. had
C. send D.
• 4. He is interested in music.
• A. is D. music
B. interested
C. in
• 5. Whom 2d02i0/d10/1y2ou give my book to?
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9
谓语
• 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：
Do you speak English？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
（主语从句）
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
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• 句子成分练习题( 一 ) • (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分， 4分钟） • ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. • ② There is an old man coming here. • ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. • ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
英语语法
句子成分
和
基本句型
2020/10/12
1
2020/10/12
2
什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How be2a020u/10t/1i2 ful the girl is !
2020/10/12
5
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
2.We often speak English in class.
3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
2020/10/12
13
6.His job is to teach English. （不定式） 7.His hobby is playing football. （动名词） 8.The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语） 9.Time is up. The class is over. （副词） 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句）
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10
• 1. Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
• A. Tom B. didn't . his homework
C. do
D
• 2. What I want to tell you is this.
• A. want D. is
B. to teቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱl
11
• A. give B. did
C. whom D
表语
• 表语(Predicative) • 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get,
look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 • 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及
（名词）
（代词）
5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor.
（数词）
（不定式）
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（动名词）
（名词化的形容词）
6
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
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8
谓语
• 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作 或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语 ，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
• 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构 成。如： He practices running every morni ng. The plane took off at ten o’clo ck.
2020/10/12
4
1.主语(Subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述 的主体，常位于句首。 但在there be结构、疑问句（主语不是 疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、 助动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构 表示。
3
句子包括哪些成分？
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、 谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成 分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicat e）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、 定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语 （complement）。
表语从句表示。例如：
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12
1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours? （代词） 3.The weather has turned cold. （形容词） 4.The speech is exciting. （分词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）
C. you
• 3. We had better send for a doctor.
• A. We doctor
B. had
C. send D.
• 4. He is interested in music.
• A. is D. music
B. interested
C. in
• 5. Whom 2d02i0/d10/1y2ou give my book to?
2020/10/12
9
谓语
• 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：
Do you speak English？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.
（主语从句）
（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
2020/10/12
7
• 句子成分练习题( 一 ) • (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分， 4分钟） • ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. • ② There is an old man coming here. • ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. • ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
英语语法
句子成分
和
基本句型
2020/10/12
1
2020/10/12
2
什么是句子？
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是 能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第
一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！
I am a teacher.
Are you a student?
How be2a020u/10t/1i2 ful the girl is !
2020/10/12
5
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.
2.We often speak English in class.
3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
2020/10/12
13
6.His job is to teach English. （不定式） 7.His hobby is playing football. （动名词） 8.The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语） 9.Time is up. The class is over. （副词） 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句）
2020/10/12
10
• 1. Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
• A. Tom B. didn't . his homework
C. do
D
• 2. What I want to tell you is this.
• A. want D. is
B. to teቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱl
11
• A. give B. did
C. whom D
表语
• 表语(Predicative) • 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get,
look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。 • 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及
（名词）
（代词）
5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor.
（数词）
（不定式）
2020/10/12
（动名词）
（名词化的形容词）
6
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.
2020/10/12
8
谓语
• 谓语 (Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作 或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语 ，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
• 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构 成。如： He practices running every morni ng. The plane took off at ten o’clo ck.