英语词汇前缀
高中阶段英语词汇(必背)专题 - 前后缀核心词汇
高中词汇专题(一)前后缀核心词汇本篇核心内容:一、后缀:名词、形容词、副词、动词后缀二、前缀:a-/bi-/co-/dis-/in(im)-/inter-/un-/non-/re-/fore-/tele-/ mid-/semi-/micro-/mis-/super-/ir-一、后缀:(一)名词后缀1、-er,-or,-eer,ress,er,ee 构成表示人或事物的名词2、-ist 人、主义者3、-ism 主义4、-ese (……地方的)人、语言5、-an(-ian)(……地方的)人6、-(t)ion(ation)动作;状态7、-ment运动;结果8、-ice性质;状态9、-ness状态;性质10、-th结果;过程11、-dom状态12、-hood身份13、-craft工艺14、-ure结果15、-age抽象名词的词尾16、-ship情况;状态;技巧;身份17、ce、ance、ence状态18、-(e)ry性质19、-ing性质;行为20、-al行为21、-ity、ty抽象名词(二)形容词后缀22、-ing具有…的特征24、-al(ual)…的25、-ful充满27、-some有…倾向的28、-less无29、-able(ible)可…的;能…的30、-an(-ian)…(地、人)的31、-en …的32、-ive 倾向33、-ic(-ical)…的34、-y性质35、-ly品质;…的36、-ous多…的;有…特性的(三)副词后缀37、-ly后缀38、-ward(s)方向39、-way(s)方向(四)动词后缀40、-en构成动词41、-fy构成动词42、-ize构成动词二、前缀:1、a-构成形容词或副词2、bi-双3、co-共同5、in(im)-表否定6、inter-相互8、non-表否定9、re-再、重复10、fore-先、预11、tele-远12、mid-中13、semi-半14、micro-小15、mis-误16、super-超级的17、ir-不(表否定)。
英语词汇前缀大全
英语词汇前缀一、上(向上,在上);下(向下,在下)1.ana-来源:G. ana-,来自ana,up,on向上,在上变形:元音之前变为an-,如anode含义:(1) up, upward向上,向上的,向上地anabatic向上的,向上运动的(2) back, backward在后,向后的ananym倒写名字(3) again, anew再,重新,以一种新的或不同的方式(现现)anabiosis复苏2.cata-来源:G. kata-,来自kata,down向下变形:元音与h之前变为cat-,如cation,cathode含义:(1) down向下catabiotic衰变的(2) against,back,opposite相反,向后,相反的catabaptist反对洗礼的人(3) wholly,thoroughly整个地,彻底地(用以加强原意)cataclastic碎裂的3.epi-来源:G. epi-,来自epi,on,up,to在上,向上,向变形:元音与h之前变为ep-,如epoch,ephemeral含义:upon,besides,near to,over,after,outer,anterior,prior to在上,加之,靠近,向上,在后,外边的,在…之前,在先的epibiotic残骸,残遗物4.up-来源:M. E. up,upward向上含义:in an upward direction,up向上,在上upgrade提高等级5.down-来源:M. E. doun,来自O. E. adune(a-dune,hill),off or from the hill下山含义:down,in a downward direction向下,在…下downcast下落,陷落6.a-来源:O. E. a-,an,on在上含义:(1) on,in,at在…上,在…中,在abed在床上(2) in(such)a state or condition在…情况或状态中afire燃烧着(3) in(such)a manner处于…方式aloud高声地,出声地(4) in the act of,in the process of处于某种行动或过程中a-hunting打猎中7.on-来源:O. E. on,an,on在…上含义:on在…上onlooker旁观者二、过(过,上,超,高,特);不及(不及,下,亚,次,稍)1.super-来源:L. super-,over,above,in addition过,高于,加之;来自super,to or in a position higherthan,over,处于更高的位置,过含义:(1) (a) (i) over,above,higher in quantity,quality or degree,more than过,高于,在数量、质量、程度上高于、多于superstandard高标准(ii) in addition,extra附加的,额外的supernumerary多余的;多余者(iii) of a secondary character某种次特征的superparasitism重寄生现象(b) in excessing degree or intensity,exceeding a normal过度的,加强的,超过标准superingenious极度机灵的(c) surpassing all or most others of its kind or class(as in power,size or complexity)(在威力、形态、复杂性等方面)超群同种类中全部或大多数的superbomber超级轰炸机(2) (a) situated or placed above,on the top of,specifically situated on the dorsal side of位于或置于上面或项上的,尤指位于背部顶上的supertower塔顶(b) next above or higher次高,较高superoctave高八度音(3) having an additional dimension比…在形体上更增大的supersized超大型的(4) (a) consisting a more inclusive category than that specified含有包容比所述者更大的范畴的superfamily总科(b) superior in status, title or position在地位、头衔、职位上更高的supersovereign高级统治者2.sub-来源:L. sub- under,below,form below up,near,further,after在下,低于,从上而下,接近,较远,在后变形:(1) c,f,g,m,p,r前,分别变为suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sup-,sur-如succeed,suffix,suggest,summate,support,surrender (2) t以及一些c,p之前变为sus-,如sustain,susceptible,suspend (3) sc,sp之前,略去b,成为su-,如suspect含义:(1) under,below,beneath在下,低于,在下面subsoil底土,下层土(2) (a) subordinate,secondary,next lower than or inferior to,of lower rank亚于,次于,次低于或劣于,低级别的subcenter子中心,副中心(b) (i) subordinate portion of,subdivision of,derived from次要部分的,细分部分的,从…派生的subdistrict小区(ii) with repetition(as of a process),so as to form,stress or deal with subordinate parts or relations,further,again在形成、强调或处理次要部分或关系中,进行(如过程的)重复,更进一步地,再次地subclassify再细分(3) somewhat,slightly,less than completely or perfectly,inadequately,less than normally有点,略微,略少,不充分地,少于正常地subacid微酸的(4) (a) almost,nearly差不多,近似,接近subabdominal近腹部的(b) fallen nearly in the category of and often adjoining,bordering upon差不多已是这个范畴,并且常常表示临近,近似subadult差不多已成人(c) immediately following,after紧跟,随后successive后继的3.hyper-来源:G. hyper-,来自hyper,相当于L. super-含义:(1) over,above,beyond高于,超过,相当于super-hyperbarbarous极残暴的(2) overmuch,excessively太多,过,过分地,相当于extra-hyperacid胃酸过多的(3) excessive in extent or quality在范围与性质上过大、过甚hyperesthesia感觉过敏4.hypo-来源:G. hypo-,来自hypo,相当于L. sub-含义:(1) under,beneath,down在下,在下面,低于hypodermic皮下的(2) less than normal or normally低于正常的(地)hypocalcemia血钙过低5.supra-来源:L. supra-,above,on,top,beyond,furtherback,earlier高于,在上,上端,超出,更后,较早含义:(1) above,higher than处于上部,高于supraorbital眼眶上的(2) transcending超越supranational超国家的(3) prior to先于supralapsarian前定论者6.infra-来源:L. infra,below,beneath低于,在下面含义:(1) below,lower in status than低于,地位低于infraglacial冰底的(2) within在…内infraterritorial本土内的(3) below in a scale or series在尺度或系列中处于下位的infrasonic次声(频)的(4) below or beneath低于,在下面infracoastal肋骨以下的7.subter-来源:L. subter,secretly,under,below隐蔽在,在下,低于含义:under,below,secretly在下,低于,隐蔽地subternatural逊于天然的8.sur-来源:O. F. sour-,sur-来自L. super含义:(1) over超,高于,加上,相当于super-surface表面(2) excessive过度的surexcitation兴奋过度(3) above,up在上,向上surbase基柱上的饰物9.over-来源:O. E. ofer,over在上,过于含义:(1) too过,太(尤用于来自形容词的形容词)overbold过于大胆的(2) too much过多(尤用于来自名词或动词的名词或动词)overact演得过火(3) over,on,outside在上,在外overshoe套鞋10.under-来源:O. E. under,under在下,少于含义:(1) worn,placed,situated,etc. under穿于下面,放在下面,位于下部等(尤用于名词之前)underclothes内衣裤(2) not sufficiently,not so much as necessary不足,比需要的少些(尤用于动词之前)underact不卖力的表演三、内(在内,向内,进内);外(在外,向外,出外)1.in-来源:L. in-,in在内,向内,进入变形:(1) 在b,m,p以前变成im-,如imbalance,immoral,import (2) 在l,r以前变成il-,ir-,如irrigate (3) 在gn前变成i-,如ignorance(4) 偶尔还可见其延伸式indu-,如industry含义:(1) in,within,inward,into,toward,on内,在内,向内,进入,向,在上inject投入,注射(2) 与en-同义,使…,加以…,饰以…,放进去,提供illucidate使清楚,阐明(3) 加强原意illustrate说明,表明2.en-来源:O. F. en-,来自L. in-变形:b,m,p前通常变为em-,如embus,emmarble,empower含义:(1) put into,put on to,cover or surround with,go into or on to置于…内,置于…上,盖以…,环以…,进入,登上——加在名词前变动词encradle放进摇篮中(2) cause to be使之——加在形容词或名词之前,成为动词,有时加在动词前,这种动词有时还有后缀-en,如emboldenenglad使乐(3) provided with供以——加在名词前成为动词encollar上领子(4) so as to cover or surround,thoroughly盖住或包围,彻底地——加在其含义与之稍有差别或不全相同的动词前变成新动词enwrap包入,卷入3.en-来源:L. en-,来自G. en-,来自en,in在内变形:b,m,p前通常变为em-,如embatholithic含义:in,within,inside内,在内,内面endermic皮下的4.endo-来源:F. endo-,来自G. endon-,within,at home在…内,在家变形:有时元音前为end-,如endergonic含义:与exo-相反(1) within,inside在…内,内面endoscope内窥镜(2) taking in,requiring吸,收,与exo-相反endotherm吸热5.eso-来源:G. eso-,来自eso,within在内含义:within内部的,在内的esotropia内斜眼6.intra-来源:L. intra,within(position,the mind,thoughts,the space of),inside(position,a period oftime);without passing beyond,on this sideof;without exceeding,within a limit orrestriction;confined to在(位置,心、思维、空间)内,在(位置、期间)之内,未跨越,在…的这边,未超过,在某界限或限度之内,限于含义:(1) (a) within在…内,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intraclass同类的(b) between layers of层间,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intracutaneous皮内的(c) during期间,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intrafebrile发热期间的(d) underneath在下,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intrasonic超低频的(2) 进入内部的,与intro-同义intramascular注入肌肉的(3) internal内部的intraselection内部选择说7.intro-来源:L. intro,inwardly,to the inside内向地,向内地,与extro-相反含义:(1) in,into内,进入introjection投入的行动(2) inward,within向内,在…内,与extro-相反introvert内向,内省8.ex-来源:L. ex-,out,away,throughout,thoroughly,achievement,up;it also has privative force外,出外,向…离去,彻底地,完成,向上;它也有“缺少”或“除外”的含义变形:(1) 元音和c,p,q,s,t前,取ex-形,有时s前的exs-变成ex-或es-,如expect (2) b,d,g,j,l,m,n,r,v前变为e-,如ebullition,edition,egregious,eject,elect,emission,enervate,erect,evohuate (3) f前变为eff-,如effuence含义:(1) out of,away form,outside of在…外,从…离去,在…之外elect选出,选举(2) without,lacking没有,缺exalate无翅的(3) 加强原意exalt增高,使升高(4) out of(the office or condition),former脱离(某个职位或状态),前…(中间以短划连接)ex-president前总统9.exo-来源:G. exo-,out of,out,outside of,outside在…外,外,在…外边,外边变形:元音前有时变成ex-,如exergonic含义:(1) outside,outer,外面,外面的,与endo-相反,请比较ecto-exogamy外族通婚(2) producing产生,与endo-相反exothermal放热的10.ec-来源:G. ek-,out of,outside of,out在…外,在…外边,外边含义:out of,outside of,out在…外,在…外边,外边eccyesis子宫外孕11.ecto-来源:G. ekto-,outside外面变形:元音前变为ect-,如ectad含义:(1) outside,external外边,外部的(对比endo-,exo-)ectotherm冷血动物(2) out of place异位ectocardia心脏异位12.extra-来源:L. extra,outside,except,beyond外边,除却,超出含义:outside,beyond在…之外,格外,特,超——尤用于形容词组成形容词extra-urban市区外的13.extro-来源:L. extro,outside,outward外面,向外含义:outside,outward外面,向外,与intro-相反extrovert外向性格的人14.in-来源:O. E. in,in在内变形:无,注意与前面的in-有区别含义:in内,在内inland内地的,国内的15.out-来源:O. E. ut,out外,在外(参见词根ut)含义:(1) out,outside,outward,away,from外,外面,向外,从…离去outdoor户外的(2) out,indicating exhaustion,extinction驱逐出,表示耗尽,灭绝outroot除根(3) over,too much,too excessively过,过分,太,过多地outsize过大(4) surpassing胜过的,无比的outdo胜过,战胜四、前(在前,在先,优先);后(在后,随后,远离,退后,反向,重复)1.pre-来源:L. prae-,position in front,ahead,at the end,or temporal precedence;preeminence in thequality(在动词或其派生词前,表示)位置在前,前头,在端点或暂时领先,(在形容词前,表示)有关的性质是超群的含义:(1) (a) (i) earlier than,prior to,before先于,早于,在…之前(先),前predeparture出发前的(ii) preparatory or prerequisite to预备的,必须预先具备的premedical医学预科的(iii) in a formative, incipient or preliminary stage趋于成形的,初期的,初步的阶段precartilage前软骨(最终形成软骨)(b) in advance,before-hand预先,在前prejudge预先判断(2) (a) in front of,before在前,前preamplifier放置放大器(b) at the front,anterior,constituting a front part在前部,在…之前,构成前面部分preabdomen前腹部(3) exceedingly非常地,极度地prenoble极其高尚的2.preter-来源:L. praeter-,past,by过去,经过含义:(1) past,by已过,经过preterit过去时态(2) beyond the range of,surpassing超过…范围,超越preternormal超过正常标准的3.pro-来源:L. pro-,foreward movement or direction,downward movement,action in front,prominence;utterance;priority in time andadvantage移前,向前,下移,向前作用,突出;极度;优先,优势含义:(1) (a) earlier than,prior to,before(时间上)先于,早于,前于,前probaptismal洗礼前的(b) 原始的,与proto-同义proanthropus原人(2) (a) situated before,located in front of,anterior to(空间上)在前,位于前,先于procerebrum脑的前部(b) front,anterior前,先于prothorax前胸(3) projecting,action in front向前投射,向前动作project射出(4) bringing into open使公开proclaim正式公布4.pro-来源:L. pro-,pro,before,in front of,in behalf of,for,on account of在前,在…前面,代表,为了,为了…的缘故变形:某些法语源词为pur-(A. F.,来自O. F. por-,pur-,F. pour-,来自L. pro-,for),如purchase,purport,purpose,pursue,purvey含义:(1) taking the place of,substituting for代替,代理pronoun代名词(2) siding with,advocating,favoring,supporting,championing与…站在一边,拥护,亲…,支持,为支持他人而奋斗pro-British亲英的(3) for,on account of,according to为了,为了…之故,按照proportion按比例,比例5.proto-来源:G. protos,before,ahead在…前,在前面变形:元音前变为prot-,如protactinium含义:(1) (a) first in time(时间上)最初,第一protohistoric史前时代的(b) first in status,chief in rank or importance,principal(地位上)首要,(等级上)主要或显要,主要的protocerebrum前脑(c) beginning,tending toward,given rise to开始,趋于,引起protocol文件原稿,议定书(2)(通常第一个字母大写)一种或多种语言或方言的母语,一般拼作proto-,后面用一短划与大写的第二部分连接Proto-Arabic原始阿拉伯语的6.re-来源:L. re-,red-,movement back or in reverse,withdrawal,reversal of a previous process,restoration,response or opposition,repeatedaction向后或反向移动,退后,前一过程的逆过程,复原,反应或相反,重复动作变形:red-,如redundant含义:(1) movement back or in reverse,withdrawal(向)后动,反向动,退却rebound弹回(2) reversal of a previous process,restoration,again,anew前过程的逆过程,恢复,再,重新redo再做(3) response or opposition反应,反对rebellion反叛(4) separation,withdrawal撤离,离开remove除去,移去注:下列场合,要在前缀re-与后续部分中间加一短划:(1) 为避免与另一含义不同的词相混淆,如re-create,以别于recreate(2) 后续部分已有一前缀re-,如re-recover(3) 后续部分以大写字母开头,如re-Christianization7.retro-来源:L. retro-,(1) towards the rear, backwards向后部,向后(2) (without motion implied) in aposition to the rear, behind one, in a positionto the rear of, behind(无动作)位置在后,在另一个之后,在后部位置,在后部(3) tothe place or in the direction from which onecame, back (again)回到原来的位置或方向,(再)返回(4) in the opposite direction tothat normally followed, backward与循序而行的方向反向,倒退含义:(1) (a) backward, back向后,后retroject向后投射(b) back in time, past(时间上)回溯,过去retrodict倒堆(过去)(2) situated behind(位置)在后retrolingual舌后的(3) contrary to the usual or natural course, retrograde, back, again逆反,逆行,逆反应retroinfection逆传染(4) in return, retroverse反转,反向,倒转retrovert使翻转8.ante-来源:L. ante-, in front, in front of, before, forewards,previously在前面,在…的前面,在…之前,向前,先前地含义:(1) (a) prior, precedent, earlier较早的,在先的,更早的antenatus某时代前出生的人(b) anterior, foreward在…之前的,(空间)向前anteroom前厅,接待室(2) (a) prior to, earlier than先于,早于antenatal出生以前的(b) in front of在…前面的anteorbital眼眶前的9.post-来源:L. post-, 来自posterus, behind含义:(1) (a) after, subsequent, later在…之后,此后的,后postentry后登的(漏)账(b) behind, posterior, following after…后面,…以后,…随后的postfix后缀(2) (a) subsequent to, later than继…之后的,比…较后的postabolescence(青年期之后)壮年期(b) behind, posterior to…后面的,次要的postern后门,便道10.meta-来源:L. L. & G. meta-,来自meta, after, with,between在后,紧接着,随后,介于两者之间变形:元音或h前多为met-,如metencephalic,method含义:(1) (a) between介于中间,介metastable暂时稳定的(b) in succession to, occurring later, after较后发生,随后出现,在后metagenesis世代交替(c) situated behind, posterior位于后,后面的metacarpal掌骨(位于腕骨carpal之后)(d) later or more highly organized or specialized form of新近出现的,更高层次组合或更特殊形态的metaphyte后生植物(与protophyte相对)(e) with, occurring with有,带有metatype伴型,次型(2) change in transformation of…的变化metaplasm词形变化(3) (a) beyond, transcending超出,超越(此义从亚里斯多德名著metaphysics而来),metaphysics来自G. ta meta ta physika, the works after the physics意为物理学后的著作,或超物理学(中国古代叫形而上学或玄学)metaphysics形而上学(b) of a higher logical type in names formed from names of disciplines and designating new but related disciplines such as can deal critically with the nature, structure or behavior of the original ones元的,一种更高层次逻辑形式的——加于一种学科名字之前,表示一种新的但与此学科有关的学科,它批判地研究原学科的性质、结构或行为metalanguage元语言11.fore-来源:O. E. fore-,来自fore,在前部含义:(1) (a) at an earlier point in time, beforehand时间上在先,预先foresee预见(b) occurring at an earlier point in time, occurring beforehand发生在先forepaymant预付(c) being an earlier part of (something stipulated)(某些规定事物的)早先部分foreday早晨(2) (a) situated at or toward the front, situated in front of something位在前,向前,位于某些事物的前面foreleg(动物)前腿(b) being the front part of (something stipulated)(某些事物的)前部分forearm前臂(3) 主要的,首要的foreman工头12.after-来源:O. E. aeften, behind在后含义:(1) after较后aftereffect后效,后作用(2) second二次,再,后after-crop第二次收获五、在旁边(沿着,平行,靠近);越过(穿过,透过,跨过,遍及,远的)1.para-来源:L. para-,来自G. para-,来自para, beside,contrary to在旁边,相反于变形:元音前par-,如paranthropus含义:(1) (a) beside, along side of傍,沿…边paracentral靠近中心的(b) parallel, parasitic平行的,并行的,寄生的paragenesis共生(c) associated in a subsidiary or accessory capacity能力或能量属于次要的或附加的paramilitary准军事组织(d) closely resembling the true form, almost极似真的,差不多的(尤指疾病)para-book类似书籍的刊物(2) beyond, outside of超越,在…之外paranormal超越正常现象的(3) (a) faulty, irregular or disordered condition, abnormal有缺陷、不规则或无秩序的状态paranoia妄想症(b) perversion反常parabulia意志力的异常或颠倒2.cis-来源:L. cis-,来自cis, (time) before, (space) on thenear side of, (motion) to the near side of,across(时间)在前,(空间)在近端,(动作)向近端,横过含义:(1) on this side, on the nearer side (often with a hyphen)在这一边,在近边(往往加一短划);请与trans-, ultra-作对照cisalpine在阿尔卑斯山这边(2) nearer in time, since时间上较近,自…cisatomic自发现原子以来3.by-来源:O. E. be, bi, by, near旁,近旁,与amphi-, ambi-有亲缘关系含义:(1) near, at or to the side of近旁,侧bypass旁路,支路(2) past过去的bygone过时的,过去的;过去的事(3) aside, in reverse在一边,反面的byplace偏僻处,穷乡僻壤(4) secondary, subsidiary, supplementary其次的,次要的,副的,补充的by-effect副作用4.be-来源:O. E. be-,来自be, bi, by, near旁,近旁含义:(1) on, around, over在…之上,盖在表面上,在…之四周,从一边到另一边bedaub涂,敷,污染(2) to a great or greater degree, thoroughly达到一个大的或更大的程度,彻底地——用于使简单动词变成加强语气的动词becudgel该(棒)打(3) excessively, ostentatively过分地,夸张地——用于简单动词变为加强语气的动词;也用于词尾为-ed的形容词之前bedeck装饰,点缀(4) about, to, at, upon, against, across在近处或随处,到,在,在…之上,在相反处,横过——加在不及物动词前变成及物动词bestride骑乘,跨,跨越(5) make, cause, to be, treat as使,使之,是,视为——加于形容词或名词之前,变成动词belittle轻视,蔑视(6) call or dub, esp. excessively取名或起号,尤指过分夸张地——加于名词之前变成动词belady如夫人(7) affect, afflict, treat, provide, or cover with, esp. excessively使受影响、痛楚、虐(或善)待、提供、覆盖以,尤指程度上过分地——加于名词前变为动词,有时加在词尾为-ed的形容词前befamine使饥饿5.peri-来源:L. peri-,来自G. peri-,来自peri, to passthrough通过,穿过含义:(1) near空间或时间的接perihelion近日点(2) all around, about, round四处,到处,四周围,在周围periarctic北极地区的(3) (a) enclosing or surrounding包围的,环绕的periderm外皮(b) tissue surrounding (a sp. part)环绕某部组织炎症的(用于带后缀-it is的名称)periarthritis关节周炎6.per-来源:L. per-, throughout, thoroughly, completely,deviating from, detrimentally遍及,彻底地,完全地,偏离,有害地;来自per, through, by穿过,傍变形:某些法语源词为par-,如pardon含义:(1) throughout遍及,全部,贯穿perspective透视(2) through, by means of经过,穿过,经由,通过perambulate步行穿过(3) deviating from偏离perfidy背信,不忠(4) 加强原义perplex使复杂7.dia-来源:L. dia-来自G. dia-, through越过,遍及变形:di-,用于元音前,如diactinic含义:(1) through, during全部,遍及,由此及彼,自始至终diagnose诊断(彻底弄清)(2) across横过,穿过diagonal对角线8.trans-来源:L. trans-, across, beyond, to the other side,through, so as to change横过,跨越,到另一边,经过,因之改变变形:常在浊辅音前变为tra-,如trajectory, traduce,traverse; s前常成为tran-,如transister含义:(1) (a) across越过transpolar跨(北)极的(b) beyond超出transhuman超人的(c) through透过,穿过translucent半透明的(d) on or to the other side在或到另一边transpacific在太平洋彼岸的(e) completeness of change变化的完成,转变transshape变形(2) transverse横向的transverse横卧,横放9.ultra-来源:L. ultra-,来自ultra, to a point beyond, on thefar side, farther off, beyond向远端的一点,在远端,远离,超出含义:(1) beyond in space, on the other side空间上的那一边,在另一端,相当于trans-ultratropical热带那边的(2) beyond the range or limits of, transcending范围或限度上超越,超越,相当于super- ultramodern超现代化的(3) beyond what is common, ordinary, natural, right, proper or moderate, excessively, exceedingly超乎普通、一般、自然、正当、正常或适度的,过度地,非常地,相当hyper-ultracomplex极端复杂的10.tele-来源:G. tel-, tele, far, far off, distant远的,远离的,遥远的变形:tel-, telo-,如telautogram, telodynamic含义:(1) distant, at a distance, over a distance远的,在远处,超过某一距离telegram电报(2) telegram, television, telephoto, telecommunication电报,电视,远距摄影,电信teletypewriter电传打字机六、在中间(在内,相互之间);在周围(围绕)1.medi-, medio-来源:来自L. medius, middle中间含义:(1) medial中间的medial中间的(2) intermediate居间的medieval中世纪的,中古的(3) middle or median plane中部或中间平面medioventral腹中部的2.meso-来源:L., G. meso-,来自G. mesos, middle中间变形:元音前用mes-,如mesad含义:in the middle, intermediate (as in position, size,type, time, degree)在中间,(位置、大小、型别、时间、程度的)中间或中等的,介于…之间的mesial中间的,当中的3.inter-来源:L. inter-,来自inter, within在…内含义:(1) between, among, in the midst介于…间,两者之间interpolar处于两极之间的(2) mutual, reciprocal相互,交互interrelation相互关系(3) between or among the parts of介于两部分之间intercostal肋间的(4) carried on between在…之间进行或从事的international国际(间)的(5) carried on between, intervening在…间进行的,干扰的interfere干涉(6) shared by or derived from two or more为二个或多个(团体、组织等)所共享或从它们派生出来的interdepartmental各部门间的,(大学的)各秒之间的(7) between the limits of, within在两个界限之内,在…之内intertropical位于热带地区之内的4.circum-来源:L. circum-来自circum, round about (an objector place), nearby, in a circle around, (withmotion or of distance) round,环某物或地方周围,近旁,在圆圈周围,(动作或距离)环绕含义:(1) around, about, on all sides围绕,到处circumrotate绕转(2) around, surrounding, revolving around在…四周,周围的,绕着…转的(3) circumscribed标出界限,限制,画圈circumscribe标界5.amphi-来源:L. amphi-, around, on both sides环绕,两边变形:元音前为amph-,如amphion含义:(1) around环绕amphibology语义不明确(在真意周围打圈圈)(2) on both sides, of both kinds, both两边,两种,两者amphivorous荤素两食的6.ambi-来源:L. ambi, around, on both sides, both围绕,两边,两者变形:元音前amb-,如ambit含义:(1) around环绕ambient环绕四周的(2) both两者ambilateral双方的七、合(在一起,共同,同时),分(离)1.con-来源:L. com,来自cum, along with, together with,with与…一道,连同,与变形:(1) 元音h, g, n前变为co-,如coaction,coherence, cognate (2) b, m, p前,变为com-,如combine, commemorate, compatriot (3) l前变为col-,如collaboration (4) r前变为cor-,如correlation含义:(1) collection or simultanously聚在一起,同时地convention大会,会议(2) joint action共同行动colloquy交谈,谈话(3) connexion or partnership连接或合伙关系consort配偶,夫妻(4) enclose or containing围绕或包含conception怀孕,构思(5) intensify of action动作的加强(起加强原义作用)constant永恒,经常的(6) completeness完全性(起加强原义作用)complete完全的,全部的2.co-来源:L. com-,与O. E. ge-有亲缘关系,后者表示perfective, associative, collective完成的,联合的,聚集的含义:(1) with, together, joint, jointly, shared, mutual, mutually与,一起,共同的,共同,共同地,共有的,互相的,互相地coaction(生物)共同的行动(2) in or to the same degree在或趋于同一程度coconcious意识到同样事物的(3) (a) fellow, partner同伴,合伙者coconspirator(共谋的)阴谋家(b) having an usually lesser share in duty or responsibility, alternate, deputy责任和义务较少的,轮流的,代表,代理人copilot副驾驶员(4) (a) operating together, or reciprocally相互起作用的,互惠的,相互的coterm互相适应的(b) of the complement of an angle余角的cosine余弦3.syn-来源:M. E sin-, syn-,来自L. syn-,来自G. syn-,来自syn, with, together with, by means of, atthe same time as与,与…一起,籍,与…同时变形:(1) b, m, p前为sym-,如symbol, symmetry,symphony (2) l前为syl-,如syllable (3) s, z前为sy-,如system, syzygy含义:(1) with, along with, together与,与…一道,在一起synod讨论会(2) at the same time同时synod(天文)会合(3) like, associated相似的,相连的syndrome并发症,综合症4.se-来源:L. se, sed, apart, aside, sometimes privative分离,靠近,有时有“除外”的含义含义:(1) apart, aside分离,靠边secede退出,脱离(2) privative除外的,否定的secure无虑的,安心的八、来自;去向1.ab-来源:L. ab-, from, away from; off; at a distance;completely, thoroughly从…(出发),向…,离去,在某个距离处,完全地,彻底地变形:(1) abs,如abstract (2) a-,如avert含义:(1) from, departing from, away, off, at a distance, outside of从…,从…离去,向…离去,在某个距离处,在…之外abnoraml反常(2) completely, thoroughly完全地,彻底地(起加强原义作用)absorb吸收(3) 从absolute(绝对的)一词转用到公制的电磁单位abampere绝对安培2.apo-来源:G. apo-,来自apo, from, away从…出发,向…离去变形:ap-,用于元音或h之前,如apastron, aphelion含义:(1) away, from, off, remove off向…离去,从…出发,离去,移去aphelion远日点(2) detached, separate离开的,分开的aporrhea流出,析出(3) 用以加强原义aphorism(从某一见解完全分出的简要语)格言、警语3.ad-来源:L. ad-, motion to or against, direction towards,placing on or against, nearness or presence,intensification动向,背向,指向,置于其上,到达,靠近或在场,加强原意变形:凡来自拉丁语源的词,(1) 在c, f, g, l, n, p, r,s, t之前分别变为acc-, aff-, agg-, all-, ann-,app-, arr-, ass-, att-,如account, affix,aggravate, allocation, announce, appoint,arrange, assimilate, attract (2) 在k, q之前常变为ack-, acq-,如acknowledge, acquire (3)在sc, sp, st, gn之前,d常被略去,成为asc-,asp, ast-, agn-,如ascension, aspiration,astride, agnostic (4) m前之adm-有时变为amm-,如ammunition含义:(1) (motion) to, toward(动)至,(动)向adduce引用,引证,说明(2) placing on or against置于…上,背靠affix附加,贴上(3) near, adjacent to(常用ad-形)接近,靠近adoral靠近嘴的,口旁的(4) 对原意的加强admixture混杂(5) reaching到达arrive到达,达到(某地),到达(成年),活到(多少岁),达成(决议),谈妥(交易)4.de-来源:来自L. de-, from away, down从…出发,向…离去,向下含义:(1) remove…from, away from, removal, destroy from从…除去,自…离去,除去,从…毁掉dehorn去牛角(2) get off of (a special thing)从(某事物)离去,下来debus下公共汽车(3) motion down from or away从…移下或移去depress压下(4) thoroughness or completeness(用于加强原意,表示)彻底性,完全性delimit划界限(5) cause to cease使停止de-energize断电,停电5.ob-来源:L. ob-, to, toward, before, against, over,completely至,向,在前,背,相反,过(份),完全地变形:(1) 在c, f, p之前,变为occ-, off-, opp-,如occur, offend, oppose (2) 在m之前变为o-,如omit (3) 个别的p前,变为o-,如opaque;个别的t前为os-,如ostentation含义:(1) to, towards, in the direction of到,向,在…方向Occident(太阳落向)西方(2) in front of, against在…之前,相反,靠occasion(落在前面)机会(3) in reverse order, inverse反顺序,反的,倒的opposition反对,敌对(4) over, completely过,过分,完全地obses(吃的过分)胖子(5) to intensify the original meaning用以加强原义oppress压迫九、相反;反向1.contra-来源:L. contra-,来自contra, against含义:(1) against, contrary, contrasting, inopposition相对,相反,对比,反对contradict反驳,驳斥(2) pitched below normal bass低于正常低音contrabassoon低音巴松管2.counter-来源:M. E. counter-,来自M. F. contre-, conter-来自L. contra, against相反含义:(1) (a) contrary, opposite, adverse相反的,相对的,反面的countercurrent逆流(b) opposing, retaliatory, answering反对的,报复的,回答的counterblow反击(2) complementary, corresponding, alternate互补的,相应的,交替的counterpart相应的东西(3) duplicate, substitute复本,副本,代替的人或物counterfoil票根,支票存根3.anti-来源:L. anti-, against相反,反对变形:元音或h前,通常作ant-,如antarctic, anthelion含义:(1) (a) one oppose the claims of, rival, spurious对于某种主张的反对者,竞争对手,虚假的antisoical对社会主义怀有敌意的(b) of the same kind but situated opposite, exerting energy in the opposite direction or pursuing an opposite policy站在同类中的反面的,向反方向使劲或追求一种相反的政策的antischool对立学派(c) one that is opposite in kind to种类、性质、方法上的相反anticyclone高气压(2) (a) opposing or hostile to in opinion, sympathy or practice在信念、同情心或实践中处于反面或敌对的antidemocratic反民主的(b) opposing in effect or activity, inhibiting, preventing, counteracting在效果或活动上是相反的,阻止的,防止的,抵消的antiacid抗酸(3) not不antilogical不合逻辑的(4) serving to prevent, cure or alleviate (a pathological condition)用于防病、治病或消痛的antiarthritic治关节炎的(5) opposing or neutralizing another substance对另一物质起相反或中和作用的antibody抗体(6) combating, destroying, defending against抗战斗、抗破坏、抗防御的antimine防地雷的4.un-来源:O. E. un-, on-,为and-之变形,意为against相反含义:(1) (a) do the opposite of, reversal (a sp. action)作相反或逆向动作——加在动词前undress脱去衣服,披露(b) cause to cease to使停止——加在动词前unbe使不再是(2) (a) deprive of, remove (a sp. thing) from, remove使丧失,自…除去,除去——加在名词前成动词unflesh变瘦,消瘦(b) release from, free from自…释放或摆脱——加在名词前成动词unhand放掉,把手从…移开(c) remove from, extract, bring out of从…除去,拔取,显现出——加在名词前成为动词,比较de-, dis- unbosom吐露(d) cause to cease to使止——加在名词前成动词,比较dis-(3) completely完全地(加强语义),比较dis-unloose放松,释放5.for-来源:O. E. for- (1) out, away, un-,在外,离去,与un-相当,(2) altogether全部地含义:(1) so as to involve prohibition, exclusion, omission, failure or refusal含有禁止、排除、删除、失败或拒绝的意思forbid禁止,不许(2) completely, excessively, to exhaustion, to pieces完全地,过分地;耗尽,成碎片forspent耗尽的,破烂的6.with-来源:O. E. with, against, opposite, toward, with相反,反面,向,具有含义:(1) against, opposite相反withdraw取回,撤回,撤退(2) toward, with向,具有within在…之内,在内,在内部7.de-来源:L. dis-, separation, dispersal, reversal分离,散开,反转,倒退含义:do the opposite of, reverse of做相反的…,反其道而行之decode(编码的反义)解码8.dis-来源:M. E. dis-, des-,来自L. dis-, commonly,signifies separation, dispersal, sometimes alsoinvolving the reversal of a previous process.An intensifying force is apparently colloquial通常表示分离,散开,有时也包括某过程的逆过程,在口语中有加强的含义变形:(1) di-,用于拉丁语源词d, g, l, m, r, v之前,有时s, j之前,如didactic, digress, diligent,diminish, direct, diverse, dispirit, dijudicate(2) dif-,用于拉丁语源词f之前,如differ,diffuse (3) des-为M. E.或O. F.语源词前缀,用于元音与h之前,如deshabille,但有例外,即在非元音前也用,如despatch含义:(1) (a) do the opposite of, reverse (a sp. action)做相反的,逆反(某一动作)disjoin拆散,分开(b) deprive of (a sp. character, quality or rank), deprive of (a sp. object)使丧失(某种特性,性质或地位),剥或脱去(某物)discourage使失去勇气(c) exclude or expel from自…排除或逐出disbar逐出法庭(2) opposite of, contrary of, absence of对立的,相反的,欠缺的disunion不统一,分裂(3) not不dishonest不诚实的(4) completely完全地(加强原意)disannul取消,作废(5)(来自民间语)相当于dys-,反常的,有困难的disfunction (dysfunction)功能障碍。
英语词汇前缀
英语词汇前缀二、前缀:circum-表示圆圈per-到处,从头到位,从始至终,穿过,或者假、坏in-表示往里、向内或否定im-表示否定或者往里magn-表示大uni-表示单一bi-表示数字二auto-表示自动micro-表示微小e某-,e-表示向外re-表示往回(return),反复(repeat)u-表示方向下面de-表示向下、否定、加强dif-表示分(英文中di+两个相同的辅音,前半部分表示di否定,比如different)tran-表示交换、转移en-表示使、能an-表示无,否定af-表示(a+辅音+相同辅音表示加强语气,强化词根的含义)ef-表示(e+辅音+相同辅音向外)il-表示否定;(i+辅音字母+相同辅音字母,中间段开,前半部分表示否定)dia-表示对面,在之间a表示否定(ab)或者加强语气(ad);cata-表示在下面pro-表示向前epi-表示在后面eu-表示好,谐音“优”mono-表示单一,单独a-表示(a+辅音+相同辅音从两个辅音中间段开表示加强语气,强化词根的含义)di-词根表示否定或者相四处发散;pre-表示向前,预先ub-表示在下面inter-表示在之间anti-表示反抗retro-表示往回;intro表示向里(表方向)u-表示向下;ob-表否定upra-,uper-表示在上面em-词缀表示介入、使让ant-词缀表示反抗uni-词缀表示单一multi-词缀表示多bene-前缀表示好di+辅音+一相同辅音,从两辅音间断开,前半部分表示否定d-(d-表否定或向四处发散)contra词根表示相反、抵抗的e+辅音+相同辅音,从两个辅音中间断开前半部分表-向外i-表示的是否定e-表示分开dy-表示否定yn前缀表示全部、共同和所有o+辅音+相同辅音从两个辅音中间段开前半部分表示op---表否定ig-表示否定non-表示否定。
英语词汇各种类型前缀
英语词汇各种类型前缀英语词汇各种类型前缀汇总前缀在英文中指一个英语单词可以分为三个部分:前缀(prefix),词根(stem)及后缀(suffix)。
单词中位于词根前面的部分就是前缀。
前缀,可以改变单词的意思。
下面一起来看看英语词汇各种类型的前缀!表示否定dis-名词、形容词,动词disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)in-形容词、名词incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)im-字母m,b,p开头的词impossible(不顺能的),impolite(不礼貌的),impudence(厚颜无耻)il-l开头的词illegal(非法的),illiterate(没文化的)illogical(不合逻辑的)ir-r开头的词irregular(不稳定的),irresistable(不可抵抗的),irresolvable(不能分解的,不能解决的)un-名词、形容词、副词unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment(失业) non-形容词、名词non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的)mis-动词、名词misunderstand(误解),misjudge(误判),misleading(误导),misfortune(不幸)dis-动词disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系)anti-名词、形容词anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidite(解毒药)counter-名词、动词counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)de-名词、形容词demobilize(遣散;使…复员) decolor(脱色, 漂白)表示“前”pre-preconception(成见),pre-exsiting(先于……而存在的),preface(前言)Ante-anteroom(前室,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者)Fore-forehaed(前额),foreground(前景),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言)Pro-programme(计划),prologue(序幕)Ex-ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)其它前缀“后”post-post-war(战后),post-position(后置词),postmeridian(下午) “亚、次、副” Sub-Sub-editor(副编辑),sub-way(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的),subtropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题) “再”Re-Refuel(给…加油),retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回)“向后”Retro-Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾)“共同、和”Co-co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校)“相互、之间”Inter-Interchangeble(可互换的),interdipendert(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-national(交往)“超出”Extra-Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的)“自”auto-automatic(自动的`),auto-autobilgraphy(自传)“坏,恶”mal-Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待)“微”Micro-Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机)“远”Tele-Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜)“半”Demi-,semi-hemi-Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月) “单独”Uni-, mono-Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服)“双、二”Bi-,di-Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物)“三”Tri-Triangle(三角),tripld(三角架)“多”Multi-,Poly-multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的),Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的)“善、好”bene-benefit(利益),benevolence(善意)“同”homo-homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字)“新”neo-neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的)“正、直”ortho-orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统)“原始”proto-protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质) “全、泛”pan-Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(全貌、万花筒)“通过、穿过”trans-transcript(抄本, 副本; 记录),translation(翻译),transparent(透明的),transport(运输)“同”syn-synonym(同义词),synchronization(同步),syntonic(共振的) “内在”introintracardiac(心脏内部的),intramolecular(分子内部的),intracelular(细胞内部的)“两者的”amphi-amphibian(两栖的)“五”penta-pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星)“六”sex-sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的)“七”hepta-heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形)“十”deci-decimal(十进位的)“百”centi-centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣) “千”Kilo-kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米) 【英语词汇各种类型前缀汇总】。
英语词汇前缀
)vad(vas)=walk,go行走 invade [in-入,vad走;’走入”→闯入] 侵入,侵略,侵犯 invader [见上,-er表示人] 入侵者,侵略者,侵犯者 invasion [见上,vad=vas,-ion名词后缀,表示行为] 入侵,侵略 invasive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的] 入侵的,侵略的 evade [e-外,出,vad走;’走出”→逃出] 逃避,躲避 evasion [见上,-ion名词后缀] 逃避,躲避,回避 evasive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的] 逃避的,躲避的 pervade [per=throughout全,遍,vad走;’走遍”] 遍及,弥漫,渗透,充满 pervasion [见上,-ion名词后缀] 遍布,弥漫,渗透,充满 pervasive [见上,-ive形容词后缀,…的] 遍及的,遍布的,弥漫的,充满的 wade [w=v,wad=vad行走] 跋涉,费力地前进 waddle [见上,wad=vad行走,d重复字母,-le动词后缀,表示反复,连续动作] 摇摇摆摆地走,蹒跚 2)vari=change variable [vari变化,-able形容词后缀,可…的]可变的,反复不定的 invariable [in-不,见上] 不变的,恒定的 various [vari变化→多样,-ous形容词后缀,…的] 各种各样的,不同的 variety [vari变化,-ety名词后缀,表示情况,性质] 变化,多样化,种种 vary [vari变化,i=y] 改变,变化,变更 varied [-ed形容词后缀,…的] 多变化的,各式各样的,不同的 unvaried [un-不,见上] 不变化,经常的,一贯的 variant [vari变化,-ant形容词后缀,…的] 变异的,不同的,有差别的 invariant [in-不,见上] 不变性 variation [vari变化,-ation 名词后缀] 变化,变动,变更 varicoloured [vari变化→多样,colour颜色,-ed形容词后缀,…的] 杂色的,五颜六色的 variform [vari变化→多样,form形状] 有各种形状的,形形色色的 varisized [vari变化→多样,size 大小,-ed形容词后缀,…的] 各种大小的,不同尺寸的3)fore-: beforeaforementioned 前述的aforesaid 前述,上述的fore 前面,在前部的V._____fore know预知fore see预知fore tell预测fore shadow预示,预兆fore doom事先注定fore bode预示,预言fore cast预测,预见,先见之明fore warn预先警告 fore stall先发制人,领先,预先阻止(stall. V. 使。
英语四级词汇常见前缀汇总
英语四级词汇常见前缀汇总1.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀1)by-, 表示副,次要的byproduct, bywork(副业)2)extra-,表示超越,额外extraordinary,3)hyper- 表示超过,极度hypersonic(超声波), hypertesion(高血压)4)out-,表示超过,过分outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)5)over-,表示超过,过度,太overeat, overdress, oversleep6) sub-, suc-, sur-, 表示低,次,副,亚subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)7)super-, sur- 表示超过supernature, superpower, surplus, surpass8)under-,表示低劣,低下undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足) 9)vice- 表示副,次vicepresident, vicechairman2.表示时间,序列关系的前缀1)ante-, anti-, 表示先前,早于,预先antecedent, anticipate,2)ex-, 表示先,故,旧expresident, exhusband3)fore-, 表示在前面,先前,前面foreward, forecast, foretell(预言)4)mid-, medi-, 表示中,中间midnight, midsummer5)post-表示在后,后postwar,6)pre-, pri-, 表示在前,事先,预先preheat, prewar, prehistory7)pro-, 表示在前,先,前prologue(序幕),prophet(预言家)8)re-, 表示再一次,重新retell, rewrite3.表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀1)a- 表示在之上,向aboard, aside,2)by- 表示附近,邻近,边侧bypath, bypass(弯路)3)circum-, circu-, 表示周围,环绕,回转circumstance, circuit4)de-, 表示在下,向下descend, degrade5)en-, 表示在内,进入encage, enbed(上床)6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示外部,外exit, eclipse, expand, export7)extra-, 表示额外extraction (提取)8)fore- 表示在前面forehead, foreground9)in-, il-, im-, ir-, 表示向内,在内,背于inland, invade, inside, import10)inter-, intel-, 表示在间,相互international, interaction, internet11)intro-, 表示向内,在内,内侧introduce, introduce12)medi-, med-, mid-, 表示中,中间Mediterranean, midposition13)out-, 表示在上面,在外部,在外outline, outside, outward14)over-, 表示在上面,在外部,向上overlook, overhead, overboard15)post-, 表示向后,在后边,次postscript(附言),16)pre-, 表示在前在前面prefix, preface, preposition17)pro-, 表示在前,向前progress, proceed,18)sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-, 表示在下面,下subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement19)super-, sur-, 表示在..之上superficial, surface, superstructure20)trans-, 表示移上,转上,在那一边translate, transform, transoceanic21)under-, 表示在..下面,下的underline, underground, underwater22)up-, 表示向上,向上面,在上upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)4.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregularne-, n-, none, neither, nevernon-, noesenseneg-, neglectun- unable, unemployment2)表示错误的意义male-, mal-, malfunction, maladjustment(失调)mis-, mistake, misleadpseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience3)表示反动作的意思de-, defend, demodulation(解调)dis-, disarm, disconnectun-, unload, uncover4)表示相反,相互对立意思anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction, controflow(逆流) counter-, counterreaction, counterbalanceob-, oc-, of-, op-, object, oppose, occupywith-, withdraw, withstand。
2023届高考英语必须掌握的英语词汇常见前缀后缀88个讲义
英语词汇常见前缀后缀88个英语常见前缀1. anti- 相反的: antiwar, antimatter, antinuclear2. auto- 自动的: automatic, autobiography3. ab- 相反,变坏,离去: abnormal, abuse, abandon, abolish4. bi- 两个: bicycle, bilingual, biweekly5. by- 在旁边,副的: byproduct, byroad6. co- 共同,一起: coauthor, cooperate, coexist7. counter- 相反: counteract, counterattack, contrary, contrast8. dis- 否定,相反或相对: disagree, disadvantage, dishonest9. de- 否定,去掉,减少,离开: devalue, deforestation, decode10. em- 用在b.p.前,使…进入状态: embody, empower11. ex- 前,前任: ex-wife, ex-president12. extra- 额外的,外部的: extraordinary, extracurricular13. en- 使…进入状态: endanger, enlarge14. fore- 前,提前,预先: forearm, forewarn, forecast15. homo- 同类的: homosexual, homogeneous, homocentric16. hyper-超过,太多: hyperbole(夸张), hyperactive(过度活跃的), hypercritical(苛求的)17. in-/im-/il-/ir- 不,反: indirect, insensitive, immoral, impossible, illegal, illiterate, irregular, irresponsible18. inter- 在…之间,相互: international, interchange19. intra-/intro- 向内,入内: introduce, introspect, introvert(性格内向的人)20. macro- 表示"宏伟""大": macroeconomic(宏观经济,整体经济), macrostructure(宏观结构)21. mal- 表示"坏""恶": malfunction(故障), maltreat(虐待,滥用)22. micro- 表示"微" "小": microeconomic(微观经济), microscope(显微镜), microelectronics(微电子学)23. mid- 表示"中,中部": middle, midday, midnight24. mini- 表示"小": minibus, miniskirt, miniature25. mis- 表示"错误,坏": misfortune(不幸), misunderstand(误解)26. mono- 表示"单个,一个": monologue(独白), monotone(单调), monoplane(单翼机)27. multi- 表示"很多": multinational(多国的,跨国的), multipurpose(多种用途的,多种目标的)28. non- 表示"不,非": nonsense(胡说), nonresident(不住在任所的)29. over- 表示"过度,过分": overuse, overtime; 表示"在...之上": overhead; 表示"反转": overturn, overcome30. post- 表示"…后": postgraduate, postwar31. pre- 表示"...前的,预先": prewar, prepay, prepare, predict32. pro- 表示"向前,前往": prospect, progress, propose; 表示"赞同,亲": pro-America, pro-abortion33. pseudo- 表示"假,伪": pseudonym(假名,笔名), pseudoscience(假科学,伪科学)34. re- 表示"一再,重新": reuse, reunite, rebuild; "向后,相反,不": reject, refuse, rebel35. self- 表示"自己,自身": self-employed(自己经营的), self-taught(自学而成的,自修的)36. semi- 表示"半,不完全地": semicircle(半圆形), semifinal(半决赛)37. step- 表示"后,继": stepmother, stepchildren38. sub- 表示"下,在下;低于,副,亚,次": subdivide(再分,细分), subsection(分部,小部分), subway39. super- 表示"在…之上,加之": supermarket, supernatural(超自然的)40. sur- 表示"超过,在上面": surface, surpass(超越,胜过), surmount(战胜,克服),surcharge(超载,追加罚款)41. tele- 表示"远": telecommunication(电讯,远程通讯), telescope42. therm(o)-表示"热,热电": thermometer(温度计,体温计), thermochemistry(热化学)43. trans- 表示"横过,穿过": transplant, transport, transnational, transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)44. tri- 表示"三": triangle, tricycle45. ultra- 表示"极端,过度": ultramodern(超级现代化), ultrasound(超音,超声波), ultra-democracy(极端民主)46. un- 表示"不,非,无": unreal, uncomfortable, unfortunate, unconditional(无条件的)47. under- 表示"在…之下,次于,不足": underground, underdeveloped, undersea, underline48. uni- 表示"单一": uniform, unidirectional(单向的), united(一致的,统一的,团结的)49. vice- 表示"副": vice-chairman, vice-governor, vice-president英语常见后缀➢高频后缀50. -tion 常将动词转变为名词的后缀: action, acquisition51. -ure 多为表示行为、概念的抽象名词后缀: adventure, literature52. -ity 常将形容词转变为名词的后缀: density, majority53. -ous 形容词后缀: disastrous, nervous54. -ment 常将动词转变为名词: payment, requirement55. -ant 多为形容词或名词后缀: resistant, applicant56. -able 常将动词转变为形容词: advisable, suitable57. -age 多为名词后缀: courage, usage58. -tive 多为形容词后缀: attractive, creative59. -sion 多为名词后缀: confusion, impression➢其他常见后缀(表示人物、施动者或制剂的名词后缀)60. -an: librarian, musician61. -ess: actress, princess62. -ist: pianist, specialist63. -ar: beggar, burglar64. -or: editor, operator65. -eer: engineer, volunteer66. -ent: correspondent, recipient(表示状态、性质、行为或处境的名词后缀)67. -ance: performance, resistance68. -ism: criticism, mechanism69. -ancy: discrepancy, hesitancy70 -ness: happiness, kindness71. -dom: freedom, kingdom72. -ery: bravery, machinery73. -tude: gratitude, magnitude74. -hood: childhood, likelihood75. -ty: loyalty, novelty(表示转化、产生、拥有的动词后缀)76. -ize, -ise: organize/-ise, realize/-ise77. -ate: accelerate, regulate78. -en: strengthen, threaten79. -ish: establish, vanish80. -fy: amplify, identify(表示性质或特征的存在或缺失的形容词后缀)81. -ible: responsible, visible82. -al: brutal, central83. -ate: considerate, intermediate84. -ful: painful, wonderful85. -less: hopeless, restless86. -ly: orderly, timely87. -some: tiresome, troublesome88. -y: bloody, worthy。
常用英语词汇前缀和后缀
一、常用前缀前缀会改变词义,故应特别注意;除个别后缀(如-less 等)外,后缀一般不改变词义,仅表明词性。
anti- against,opposite反(对)war(战争)—antiwar(反战的)missile(导弹)—antimissile(反导弹的)auto- of or by oneself自己(做)的stop(停止)—autostop(自动停止)criticism(批评)—autocriticism(自我批评)be- cause to be or have使,有friend(朋友)—befriend(以朋友态度对待)little(小)—belittle(贬低)bi- two,twice,double二,双,两倍party(政党)—biparty(两党的)ped(足)—biped(二足动物)bio- 1ife生命,生物chemistry(化学)—biochemistry(生物化学)sphere(范围)—biosphere(生物圈)centi- hundredth part百分之一meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)grade(度)—centigrade(百分度的)co- with,together共同,(和…)一起author(作者)—coauthor(合著者)exist(存在)—coexist(共存)con- with,together共同,(和…)一起join(参加)—conjoin(联合)centric(中心的)—concentric(同中心的)col- (用在字母l的前面)location(位置)—collocation(并置)collect 收集com- (用在字母m, b, p的前面)passion(激情)—compassion(同情)combine结合,联合cor- (用在字母r的前面)relation(关系)—correlation(相互关系)correct改正contra- opposite反对,相反,相对contradiction矛盾missile(导弹)—contramissile(反弹道导弹度)natural(自然的)—contranatural(违反自然的)counter- opposite反对,相反,相对act(起作用)—counteract对…起反作用attack(攻击)—counterattack(反攻)de- showing an opposite,to remove,to reduce非,相反,除去,减少code(密码)—decode(解码)value(价值)—devalue(使贬值)dis- not,the opposite of否定,相反agree(同意)—disagree(反对)honest(诚实的)—dishonest(不诚实的)e- , ef- out出,外(为ex-的变异形式)lect(选)—elect(选举)ject(投,掷)—eject(驱逐;喷射;弹出)fect(做)—effect 结果,效果en-, em- cause to become,put into the stated condition使成为,使处于…状态large(大的)—enlarge(扩大)body(身体)—embody(体现)ex- 1. out 出,外exit 出口2. former以前的,前任的minister(部长)—ex-minister(前任部长)wife(妻子)—ex-wife(前妻)extra- outside,beyond超出,在…之外ordinary(普通的)—extraordinary(非常的)vert(转)—extravert性格外向的人fore- in advance,before,in or at the front预先,前,在前面的see(看)—foresee(预见)leg(腿)—foreleg(前腿)in-, i1-, im- , ir- not不,非,无(字母l前用il-;字母m, b, p前用im-;字母r前用ir-)direct(直接的)—indirect(间接的)infant婴儿legal(合法的)—illegal(非法的)balance(平衡)—imbalance(不平衡)moral(道德的)—immoral(不道德的)possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)regular(规则的)—irregular(不规则的)in- in, into内,向内door(门)—indoor(室内的)inter- between,among互相,在…之间national(国家的)—international(国际的)intra- inside, within在之内city(城市)—intracity(市内的)kilo- thousand千gram(克)—kilogram(千克,公斤)meter(米)—kilometer(千米)macro- large大的,宏观的economics(经济学)—macroeconomics(宏观经济学)mal- bad, badly坏,不良,不当function(功能)—malfunction(机能障碍)treat(对待)—maltreat(虐待)micro- extremely small极小的computer(计算机)—microcomputer(微型计算机)microscope 显微镜mid- middle中间day(昼,白天)—midday(中午)night(夜晚)—midnight(午夜)mini- small,short极小的,极短的bus(公共汽车)—minibus(小汽车)skirt(裙子)—miniskirt(超短裙)mis- bad,badly坏,不当understand(理解)—misunderstand(误解)lead(引导)—mislead(使误入歧途)mono- one, single单,一log(说)—monologue(独白)tone(音调)—monotone单调multi- many, more than one多national(国家的)—multinational(多国的)non- not不,非,无metal(金属)—non-metal(非金属)governmental(政府的)—non-governmental(非政府的)out- outside,beyond超越,超过,胜过;在[向]外(的)live(生活)—outlive(比…活得长)number(数量)—outnumber(在数量上超过)door(门)—outdoor(户外的)over- too much,above,additional过分,在…上面,额外的head(头)—overhead(在头顶上的)population(人口)—overpopulation(人口过剩)time(时间)—overtime(加班)poly- many多gene(基因)—polygene(多基因)centric(中心)—polycentric(多中心的)post- later than,after在…之后graduate(有学士学位的)—postgraduate(研究生的)war(战争)—postwar(战后的)pre- before,in advance在…之前,预先view(观看)—preview(预演)dict(说)—predict(预言)pseudo- not real,false假,伪memory(记忆)—pseudomemory(记忆错误)science(科学)—pseudoscience(伪科学)re- again,back to a former state再,回复view(看)—review(复习)call(叫,呼唤)—recall(回忆起,叫回)semi- half,partly半,部分的circle(圆)—semicircle(半圆)final(决赛)—semifinal(半决赛)sub- under,below,less important在…下,低于,次于…的marine(海洋的)—submarine(海底的;潜水艇)way(路)—subway(地铁)super- greater or more than, above, beyond or over 超级,超过;在…之上market(市场)—supermarket(超级市场)natural(自然的)—supernatural(超自然的)vis(看)—supervise(监督)tele- at or over a long distance,by or for television远(距离),由(或为)电视vis(看)—television(电视)screen(屏幕)—telescreen(电视屏幕)therm-, thermo- heat热chemistry(化学)—thermochemistry(热化学)meter(仪表)—thermometer(温度计)trans- across,on or to the other side of横越Atlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(横越大西洋的)plant(种植)—transplant(移植)tri- three三angle(角)—triangle(三角形)cycle(圆圈)—tricycle(三轮摩托车)ultra- beyond,very,too超过,极度的high(高的)—ultrahigh(超高的)sound(声音)—ultrasound(超声)un- not不,非fortunately(幸运地)—unfortunately(不幸地)usual(平常的)—unusual(不平常的)under- too little,below过少,在…下面development(发展)—underdevelopment(欠发达)sea(大)—undersea(海底的)uni- one,single单,一form(形式)—uniform(制服)sex(性别)—unisex(不分男女的)vice- next in rank below副president(总统)—vice-president(副总统)chairman(主席)—vice-chairman(副主席)二、常用后缀1、名词后缀-ability, -ibilityable(能够的)—ability(能力)possible(可能的)—possibility(可能性)-agepost(邮政)—postage(邮资)shrink(收缩)—shrinkage(收缩)-alarrive(到达)—arrival(到达)refuse(拒绝)—refusal(拒绝)-an, -ian, -arianhumane(人道的)—humanitarian(人道主义者)library(图书馆)—librarian(图书管理员)music(音乐)—musician(音乐家)-ance, -encyappear(出现)—appearance(出现)refer(参考)—reference(参考)-ancy, encyemerge(出现)—emergency(紧急情况)expect(期待)—expectancy(期待)-ant, -entserve(服务)—servant(仆人)study(学习)—student(学生)-cyaccurate(准确的)—accuracy(准确性)bankrupt(破产的)—bankruptcy(破产)-domfree(自由的)—freedom(自由)king(国王)—kingdom(王国)-eeemploy(雇用)—employee(雇员)absent(缺席)—absentee(缺席者)-er, -or, -arlead(指引)—leader(领袖)conduct(传导)—conductor(导体)beg(乞讨)—beggar(乞丐)-erybrave(勇敢的)—bravery(勇敢)cook(烹调)—cookery(烹饪法)nurse(照料)—nursery(托儿所)-eseChina(中国)—Chinese(汉语,中国人)Japan(日本)—Japanese(日语,日本人)-essactor(演员)—actress(女演员)lion(狮子)—lioness(母狮)-fulhand(手)—handful(一把的量)spoon(匙)—spoonful(一匙的量)-hoodchild(孩子)—childhood(童年)neighbor(邻居)—neighborhood(邻近地区)-icselectron(电子)—electronics(电子学)linguist(语言学家)—linguistics(语言学)-ion, -ition, -ationcollect(收集)—collection(收集)compose(创作)—composition(作文)observe(观察)—observation(观察)-ismhero(英雄)—heroism(英雄主义)social(社会的)—socialism(社会主义)-istsocial(社会的)—socialist(社会主义者)art(艺术)—artist(艺术家)-ity, -tycruel(残忍的)—cruelty(残忍)pure(纯的)—purity(纯净)-mentmove(运动)—movement(运动)apart(分离的)—apartment(一套公寓房间)govern(统治)—government(政府)-nessdark(黑暗的)—darkness(黑暗)happy(幸福的)—happiness(幸福)-ology, -logybio(生物)—biology(生物学)climate(气候)—climatology(气候学)-shipfriend(朋友)—friendship(友谊)member(会员)—membership(会员身份)-siondecide(决定)—decision(决定)conclude(结束)—conclusion(结论)-urefail(失败)—failure(失败)pict(标记)—picture(画)2、动词后缀-endeep(深的)—deepen(加深)fast(牢固的)—fasten(扎牢)-ifyclass(种类)—classify(分类)simple(简单的)—simplify(简化)-ize, -isemodern(现代的)—modernize/-ise (使现代化)popular(流行的)—popularize/-ise(普及)3、形容词后缀-able, -iblesuit(适合)—suitable(合适的)horror(恐怖)—horrible(可怕的)-alcentre(中心)—central(中心的)nature(自然)—natural(自然的)-an, -arian, -ianElizabeth(伊丽莎白)—Elizabethan(伊丽莎白的)Christ(耶酥)—Christian(基督徒的)vegetal(植物的,蔬菜的)—vegetarian(素食者的,吃素的)-ant, -entdiffer(不同)—different(不同的)insist(坚持)—insistent(不断的)-ary, -oryelement(成分,要素)—elementary(基础的)contradict(与…相反)—contradictory(相反的,矛盾的)-ateconsider(考虑)—considerate(考虑周到的)fortune(运气)—fortunate(幸运的)-enwood(木头)—wooden(木头的)wool(羊毛)—woolen(羊毛的)-eseChina(中国)—Chinese(中国的)Japan(日本)—Japanese(日本的)-freecare(忧虑)—carefree(无忧无虑的)ticket(票)—ticketfree(不用票的)-fulbeauty(美))—beautiful(美丽的)shame(羞耻)—shameful(可耻的)hope(希望)—hopeful(有希望的)use(用)—useful(有用的)-ic, -icalalcohol(酒精)—alcoholic(酗酒的)music(音乐)—musical(音乐的)-ishfool(傻瓜)—foolish(愚蠢的)red(红色)—reddish(微红的)-ivedecide(决定)—decisive(果断的)create(创造)—creative(有创造力的)-lesshelp(帮助)—helpless(无助的)job(工作)—jobless(失业的)-likechild(孩子)—childlike(孩子般的)lady(贵妇)—ladylike(贵妇般的)-lyday(白天,日子)—daily(每日的,日常的)man(男人)—manly(有男子气概的)-ous, -iousdanger(危险)—dangerous(危险的)space(空间)—spacious(宽敞的)-somequarrel(吵架)—quarrelsome(喜欢吵架的)trouble(烦恼)—troublesome(使人烦恼的)-warddown(向下)—downward(向下的)home(家)—homeward(回家的)-yhair(毛发)—hairy(多毛的)noise(喧闹声)—noisy(喧闹的)4、副词后缀-lyhappy(快乐的)—happily快乐地-ward, -wardseast(东)—eastward(s)(向东地)up(向上)—upward(s)(向上地)-wiselike(像)—likewise(同样地)other(其他)—otherwise(在其他方面)。
大学英语词汇前后缀总结大全
大学英语词汇前后缀总结大全英语词汇前缀一、上(向上,在上);下(向下,在下)1.ana-来源:G. ana-,来自ana,up,on向上,在上变形:元音之前变为an-,如anode含义:(1) up, upward向上,向上的,向上地anabatic向上的,向上运动的(2) back, backward在后,向后的ananym倒写名字(3) again, anew再,重新,以一种新的或不同的方式(现现)anabiosis复苏2.cata-来源:G. kata-,来自kata,down向下变形:元音与h之前变为cat-,如cation,cathode 含义:(1) down向下catabiotic衰变的(2) against,back,opposite相反,向后,相反的catabaptist反对洗礼的人(3) wholly,thoroughly整个地,彻底地(用以加强原意)cataclastic碎裂的3.epi-来源:G. epi-,来自epi,on,up,to在上,向上,向变形:元音与h之前变为ep-,如epoch,ephemeral 含义:upon,besides,near to,over,after,outer,anterior,prior to在上,加之,靠近,向上,在后,外边的,在…之前,在先的epibiotic残骸,残遗物4.up-来源:M. E. up,upward向上含义:in an upward direction,up向上,在上upgrade提高等级5.down-来源:M. E. doun,来自O. E. adune(a-dune,hill),off or from the hill下山含义:down,in a downward direction向下,在…下downcast下落,陷落6.a-来源:O. E. a-,an,on在上含义:(1) on,in,at在…上,在…中,在abed在床上(2) in(such)a state or condition在…情况或状态中afire燃烧着(3) in(such)a manner处于…方式aloud高声地,出声地(4) in the act of,in the process of 处于某种行动或过程中a-hunting打猎中7.on-来源:O. E. on,an,on在…上含义:on在…上onlooker旁观者二、过(过,上,超,高,特);不及(不及,下,亚,次,稍)1.super-来源:L. super-,over,above,in addition过,高于,加之;来自super,to or in a position higherthan,over,处于更高的位置,过含义:(1) (a) (i) over,above,higher in quantity,quality or degree,more than过,高于,在数量、质量、程度上高于、多于superstandard高标准(ii) in addition,extra附加的,额外的supernumerary多余的;多余者(iii) of a secondary character某种次特征的superparasitism重寄生现象(b) in excessing degree or intensity,exceeding a normal过度的,加强的,超过标准superingenious极度机灵的(c) surpassing all or most others of its kind or class(as in power,size or complexity)(在威力、形态、复杂性等方面)超群同种类中全部或大多数的superbomber超级轰炸机(2) (a) situated or placed above,on the top of,specifically situated on the dorsal side of位于或置于上面或项上的,尤指位于背部顶上的supertower塔顶(b) next above or higher次高,较高superoctave高八度音(3) having an additional dimension比…在形体上更增大的supersized超大型的(4) (a) consisting a more inclusive category than that specified含有包容比所述者更大的范畴的superfamily总科(b) superior in status, title or position在地位、头衔、职位上更高的supersovereign高级统治者2.sub-来源:L. sub- under,below,form below up,near,further,after在下,低于,从上而下,接近,较远,在后变形:(1) c,f,g,m,p,r 前,分别变为suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sup-,sur-如succeed,suffix,suggest,summate,support,surrender (2) t以及一些c,p之前变为sus-,如sustain,susceptible,suspend (3) sc,sp之前,略去b,成为su-,如suspect含义:(1) under,below,beneath在下,低于,在下面subsoil底土,下层土(2) (a) subordinate,secondary,next lower than or inferior to,of lower rank亚于,次于,次低于或劣于,低级别的subcenter子中心,副中心(b) (i) subordinate portion of,subdivision of,derived from次要部分的,细分部分的,从…派生的subdistrict小区(ii) with repetition(as of a process),so as to form,stress or deal with subordinate parts or relations,further,again在形成、强调或处理次要部分或关系中,进行(如过程的)重复,更进一步地,再次地subclassify再细分(3) somewhat,slightly,less than completely or perfectly,inadequately,less than normally有点,略微,略少,不充分地,少于正常地subacid微酸的(4) (a) almost,nearly差不多,近似,接近subabdominal近腹部的(b) fallen nearly in the category of and often adjoining,bordering upon差不多已是这个范畴,并且常常表示临近,近似subadult差不多已成人(c) immediately following,after紧跟,随后successive后继的3.hyper-来源:G. hyper-,来自hyper,相当于L. super-含义:(1) over,above,beyond高于,超过,相当于super-hyperbarbarous极残暴的(2) overmuch,excessively太多,过,过分地,相当于extra-hyperacid胃酸过多的(3) excessive in extent or quality在范围与性质上过大、过甚hyperesthesia感觉过敏4.hypo-来源:G. hypo-,来自hypo,相当于L. sub-含义:(1) under,beneath,down在下,在下面,低于hypodermic皮下的(2) less than normal or normally低于正常的(地)hypocalcemia血钙过低5.supra-来源:L. supra-,above,on,top,beyond,further back,earlier高于,在上,上端,超出,更后,较早含义:(1) above,higher than处于上部,高于supraorbital眼眶上的(2) transcending超越supranational超国家的(3) prior to先于supralapsarian前定论者6.infra-来源:L. infra,below,beneath低于,在下面含义:(1) below,lower in status than低于,地位低于infraglacial冰底的(2) within在…内infraterritorial本土内的(3) below in a scale or series在尺度或系列中处于下位的infrasonic次声(频)的(4) below or beneath低于,在下面infracoastal肋骨以下的7.subter-来源:L. subter,secretly,under,below隐蔽在,在下,低于含义:under,below,secretly在下,低于,隐蔽地subternatural逊于天然的8.sur-来源:O. F. sour-,sur-来自L. super含义:(1) over超,高于,加上,相当于super- surface表面(2) excessive过度的surexcitation兴奋过度(3) above,up在上,向上surbase基柱上的饰物9.over-来源:O. E. ofer,over在上,过于含义:(1) too过,太(尤用于来自形容词的形容词)overbold过于大胆的(2) too much过多(尤用于来自名词或动词的名词或动词)overact演得过火(3) over,on,outside在上,在外overshoe套鞋10.under-来源:O. E. under,under在下,少于含义:(1) worn,placed,situated,etc. under 穿于下面,放在下面,位于下部等(尤用于名词之前)underclothes内衣裤(2) not sufficiently,not so much as necessary不足,比需要的少些(尤用于动词之前)underact不卖力的表演三、内(在内,向内,进内);外(在外,向外,出外)1.in-来源:L. in-,in在内,向内,进入变形:(1) 在b,m,p以前变成im-,如imbalance,immoral,import (2) 在l,r以前变成il-,ir-,如irrigate (3) 在gn前变成i-,如ignorance(4) 偶尔还可见其延伸式indu-,如industry含义:(1) in,within,inward,into,toward,on内,在内,向内,进入,向,在上inject投入,注射(2) 与en-同义,使…,加以…,饰以…,放进去,提供illucidate使清楚,阐明(3) 加强原意illustrate说明,表明2.en-来源:O. F. en-,来自L. in-变形:b,m,p前通常变为em-,如embus,emmarble,empower 含义:(1) put into,put on to,cover or surround with,go into or on to置于…内,置于…上,盖以…,环以…,进入,登上——加在名词前变动词encradle放进摇篮中(2) cause to be使之——加在形容词或名词之前,成为动词,有时加在动词前,这种动词有时还有后缀-en,如emboldenenglad使乐(3) provided with供以——加在名词前成为动词encollar上领子(4) so as to cover or surround,thoroughly盖住或包围,彻底地——加在其含义与之稍有差别或不全相同的动词前变成新动词enwrap包入,卷入3.en-来源:L. en-,来自G. en-,来自en,in在内变形:b,m,p前通常变为em-,如embatholithic 含义:in,within,inside内,在内,内面endermic皮下的4.endo-来源:F. endo-,来自G. endon-,within,at home 在…内,在家变形:有时元音前为end-,如endergonic含义:与exo-相反 (1) within,inside在…内,内面endoscope内窥镜(2) taking in,requiring吸,收,与exo-相反endotherm吸热5.eso-来源:G. eso-,来自eso,within在内含义:within内部的,在内的esotropia内斜眼6.intra-来源:L. intra,within(position,the mind,thoughts,the space of),inside(position,a periodoftime);without passing beyond,on this sideof;without exceeding,within a limit orrestriction;confined to在(位置,心、思维、空间)内,在(位置、期间)之内,未跨越,在…的这边,未超过,在某界限或限度之内,限于含义:(1) (a) within在…内,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intraclass同类的(b) between layers of层间,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intracutaneous皮内的(c) during期间,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intrafebrile发热期间的(d) underneath在下,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intrasonic超低频的(2) 进入内部的,与intro-同义intramascular注入肌肉的(3) internal内部的intraselection内部选择说7.intro-来源:L. intro,inwardly,to the inside内向地,向内地,与extro-相反含义:(1) in,into内,进入introjection投入的行动(2) inward,within向内,在…内,与extro-相反introvert内向,内省8.ex-来源:L. ex-,out,away,throughout,thoroughly,achievement,up;it also has privative force外,出外,向…离去,彻底地,完成,向上;它也有“缺少”或“除外”的含义变形:(1) 元音和c,p,q,s,t前,取ex-形,有时s前的exs-变成ex-或es-,如expect (2) b,d,g,j,l,m,n,r,v前变为e-,如ebullition,edition,egregious,eject,elect,emission,enervate,erect,evohuate (3) f前变为eff-,如effuence含义:(1) out of,away form,outside of在…外,从…离去,在…之外elect选出,选举(2) without,lacking没有,缺exalate无翅的(3) 加强原意exalt增高,使升高(4) out of(the office or condition),former脱离(某个职位或状态),前…(中间以短划连接)ex-president前总统9.exo-来源:G. exo-,out of,out,outside of,outside 在…外,外,在…外边,外边变形:元音前有时变成ex-,如exergonic含义:(1) outside,outer,外面,外面的,与endo-相反,请比较ecto-exogamy外族通婚(2) producing产生,与endo-相反exothermal放热的10.ec-来源:G. ek-,out of,outside of,out在…外,在…外边,外边含义:out of,outside of,out在…外,在…外边,外边eccyesis子宫外孕11.ecto-来源:G. ekto-,outside外面变形:元音前变为ect-,如ectad含义:(1) outside,external外边,外部的(对比endo-,exo-)ectotherm冷血动物(2) out of place异位ectocardia心脏异位12.extra-来源:L. extra,outside,except,beyond外边,除却,超出含义:outside,beyond在…之外,格外,特,超——尤用于形容词组成形容词extra-urban市区外的13.extro-来源:L. extro,outside,outward外面,向外含义:outside,outward外面,向外,与intro-相反extrovert外向性格的人14.in-来源:O. E. in,in在内变形:无,注意与前面的in-有区别含义:in内,在内inland内地的,国内的15.out-来源:O. E. ut,out外,在外(参见词根ut)含义:(1) out,outside,outward,away,from 外,外面,向外,从…离去outdoor户外的(2) out,indicating exhaustion,extinction驱逐出,表示耗尽,灭绝outroot除根(3) over,too much,too excessively过,过分,太,过多地outsize过大(4) surpassing胜过的,无比的outdo胜过,战胜四、前(在前,在先,优先);后(在后,随后,远离,退后,反向,重复)1.pre-来源:L. prae-,position in front,ahead,at the end,or temporal precedence;preeminence in thequality(在动词或其派生词前,表示)位置在前,前头,在端点或暂时领先,(在形容词前,表示)有关的性质是超群的含义:(1) (a) (i) earlier than,prior to,before 先于,早于,在…之前(先),前predeparture出发前的(ii) preparatory or prerequisite to预备的,必须预先具备的premedical医学预科的(iii) in a formative, incipient or preliminary stage趋于成形的,初期的,初步的阶段precartilage前软骨(最终形成软骨)(b) in advance,before-hand预先,在前prejudge预先判断(2) (a) in front of,before在前,前preamplifier放置放大器(b) at the front,anterior,constituting a front part在前部,在…之前,构成前面部分preabdomen前腹部(3) exceedingly非常地,极度地prenoble极其高尚的2.preter-来源:L. praeter-,past,by过去,经过含义:(1) past,by已过,经过preterit过去时态(2) beyond the range of,surpassing超过…范围,超越preternormal超过正常标准的3.pro-来源:L. pro-,foreward movement or direction,downward movement,action in front,prominence;utterance;priority in time andadvantage移前,向前,下移,向前作用,突出;极度;优先,优势含义:(1) (a) earlier than,prior to,before (时间上)先于,早于,前于,前probaptismal洗礼前的(b) 原始的,与proto-同义proanthropus原人(2) (a) situated before,located in front of,anterior to(空间上)在前,位于前,先于procerebrum脑的前部(b) front,anterior前,先于prothorax前胸(3) projecting,action in front向前投射,向前动作project射出(4) bringing into open使公开proclaim正式公布4.pro-来源:L. pro-,pro,before,in front of,in behalf of,for,on account of在前,在…前面,代表,为了,为了…的缘故变形:某些法语源词为pur-(A. F.,来自O. F. por-,pur-,F. pour-,来自L. pro-,for),如purchase,purport,purpose,pursue,purvey含义:(1) taking the place of,substituting for 代替,代理pronoun代名词(2) siding with,advocating,favoring,supporting,championing与…站在一边,拥护,亲…,支持,为支持他人而奋斗pro-British亲英的(3) for,on account of,according to 为了,为了…之故,按照proportion按比例,比例5.proto-来源:G. protos,before,ahead在…前,在前面变形:元音前变为prot-,如protactinium含义:(1) (a) first in time(时间上)最初,第一protohistoric史前时代的(b) first in status,chief in rank or importance,principal(地位上)首要,(等级上)主要或显要,主要的protocerebrum前脑(c) beginning,tending toward,given rise to开始,趋于,引起protocol文件原稿,议定书(2)(通常第一个字母大写)一种或多种语言或方言的母语,一般拼作proto-,后面用一短划与大写的第二部分连接Proto-Arabic原始阿拉伯语的6.re-来源:L. re-,red-,movement back or in reverse,withdrawal,reversal of a previous process,restoration,response or opposition,repeatedaction向后或反向移动,退后,前一过程的逆过程,复原,反应或相反,重复动作变形:red-,如redundant含义:(1) movement back or in reverse,withdrawal(向)后动,反向动,退却rebound弹回(2) reversal of a previous process,restoration,again,anew前过程的逆过程,恢复,再,重新redo再做(3) response or opposition反应,反对rebellion反叛(4) separation,withdrawal撤离,离开remove除去,移去注:下列场合,要在前缀re-与后续部分中间加一短划:(1) 为避免与另一含义不同的词相混淆,如re-create,以别于recreate(2) 后续部分已有一前缀re-,如re-recover(3) 后续部分以大写字母开头,如re-Christianization7.retro-来源:L. retro-,(1) towards the rear, backwards 向后部,向后 (2) (without motion implied) in aposition to the rear, behind one, in a positionto the rear of, behind(无动作)位置在后,在另一个之后,在后部位置,在后部 (3) tothe place or in the direction from which onecame, back (again)回到原来的位置或方向,(再)返回 (4) in the opposite direction tothat normally followed, backward与循序而行的方向反向,倒退含义:(1) (a) backward, back向后,后retroject向后投射(b) back in time, past(时间上)回溯,过去retrodict倒堆(过去)(2) situated behind(位置)在后retrolingual舌后的(3) contrary to the usual or natural course, retrograde, back, again逆反,逆行,逆反应retroinfection逆传染(4) in return, retroverse反转,反向,倒转retrovert使翻转8.ante-来源:L. ante-, in front, in front of, before, forewards,previously在前面,在…的前面,在…之前,向前,先前地含义:(1) (a) prior, precedent, earlier较早的,在先的,更早的antenatus某时代前出生的人(b) anterior, foreward在…之前的,(空间)向前anteroom前厅,接待室(2) (a) prior to, earlier than先于,早于antenatal出生以前的(b) in front of在…前面的anteorbital眼眶前的9.post-来源:L. post-, 来自posterus, behind含义:(1) (a) after, subsequent, later在…之后,此后的,后postentry后登的(漏)账(b) behind, posterior, following after…后面,…以后,…随后的postfix后缀(2) (a) subsequent to, later than继…之后的,比…较后的postabolescence(青年期之后)壮年期(b) behind, posterior to…后面的,次要的postern后门,便道10.meta-来源:L. L. & G. meta-,来自meta, after, with, between在后,紧接着,随后,介于两者之间变形:元音或h前多为met-,如metencephalic, method含义:(1) (a) between介于中间,介metastable暂时稳定的(b) in succession to, occurring later, after较后发生,随后出现,在后metagenesis世代交替(c) situated behind, posterior位于后,后面的metacarpal掌骨(位于腕骨carpal之后)(d) later or more highly organized or specialized form of新近出现的,更高层次组合或更特殊形态的metaphyte后生植物(与protophyte相对)(e) with, occurring with有,带有metatype伴型,次型(2) change in transformation of…的变化metaplasm词形变化(3) (a) beyond, transcending超出,超越(此义从亚里斯多德名著metaphysics而来),metaphysics来自G. ta meta ta physika, the works after the physics意为物理学后的著作,或超物理学(中国古代叫形而上学或玄学)metaphysics形而上学(b) of a higher logical type in names formed from names of disciplines and designating new but related disciplines such as can deal critically with the nature, structure or behavior of the original ones 元的,一种更高层次逻辑形式的——加于一种学科名字之前,表示一种新的但与此学科有关的学科,它批判地研究原学科的性质、结构或行为metalanguage元语言11.fore-来源:O. E. fore-,来自fore,在前部含义:(1) (a) at an earlier point in time, beforehand时间上在先,预先foresee预见(b) occurring at an earlier point in time, occurring beforehand发生在先forepaymant预付(c) being an earlier part of (something stipulated)(某些规定事物的)早先部分foreday早晨(2) (a) situated at or toward the front, situated in front of something位在前,向前,位于某些事物的前面foreleg(动物)前腿(b) being the front part of (something stipulated)(某些事物的)前部分forearm前臂(3) 主要的,首要的foreman工头12.after-来源:O. E. aeften, behind在后含义:(1) after较后aftereffect后效,后作用(2) second二次,再,后after-crop第二次收获五、在旁边(沿着,平行,靠近);越过(穿过,透过,跨过,遍及,远的)1.para-来源:L. para-,来自G. para-,来自para, beside, contrary to在旁边,相反于变形:元音前par-,如paranthropus含义:(1) (a) beside, along side of傍,沿…边paracentral靠近中心的(b) parallel, parasitic平行的,并行的,寄生的paragenesis共生(c) associated in a subsidiary or accessory capacity能力或能量属于次要的或附加的paramilitary准军事组织(d) closely resembling the true form, almost极似真的,差不多的(尤指疾病)para-book类似书籍的刊物(2) beyond, outside of超越,在…之外paranormal超越正常现象的(3) (a) faulty, irregular or disorderedcondition, abnormal有缺陷、不规则或无秩序的状态paranoia妄想症(b) perversion反常parabulia意志力的异常或颠倒2.cis-来源:L. cis-,来自cis, (time) before, (space) on thenear side of, (motion) to the near side of,across(时间)在前,(空间)在近端,(动作)向近端,横过含义:(1) on this side, on the nearer side (often with a hyphen)在这一边,在近边(往往加一短划);请与trans-, ultra-作对照cisalpine在阿尔卑斯山这边(2) nearer in time, since时间上较近,自…cisatomic自发现原子以来3.by-来源:O. E. be, bi, by, near旁,近旁,与amphi-, ambi-有亲缘关系含义:(1) near, at or to the side of近旁,侧bypass旁路,支路(2) past过去的bygone过时的,过去的;过去的事(3) aside, in reverse在一边,反面的byplace偏僻处,穷乡僻壤(4) secondary, subsidiary, supplementary其次的,次要的,副的,补充的by-effect副作用4.be-来源:O. E. be-,来自be, bi, by, near旁,近旁含义:(1) on, around, over在…之上,盖在表面上,在…之四周,从一边到另一边bedaub涂,敷,污染(2) to a great or greater degree, thoroughly达到一个大的或更大的程度,彻底地——用于使简单动词变成加强语气的动词becudgel该(棒)打(3) excessively, ostentatively过分地,夸张地——用于简单动词变为加强语气的动词;也用于词尾为-ed的形容词之前bedeck装饰,点缀(4) about, to, at, upon, against, across 在近处或随处,到,在,在…之上,在相反处,横过——加在不及物动词前变成及物动词bestride骑乘,跨,跨越(5) make, cause, to be, treat as使,使之,是,视为——加于形容词或名词之前,变成动词belittle轻视,蔑视(6) call or dub, esp. excessively取名或起号,尤指过分夸张地——加于名词之前变成动词belady如夫人(7) affect, afflict, treat, provide, or cover with, esp. excessively使受影响、痛楚、虐(或善)待、提供、覆盖以,尤指程度上过分地——加于名词前变为动词,有时加在词尾为-ed的形容词前befamine使饥饿5.peri-来源:L. peri-,来自G. peri-,来自peri, to pass through通过,穿过含义:(1) near空间或时间的接perihelion近日点(2) all around, about, round四处,到处,四周围,在周围periarctic北极地区的(3) (a) enclosing or surrounding包围的,环绕的periderm外皮(b) tissue surrounding (a sp. part)环绕某部组织炎症的(用于带后缀-it is的名称)periarthritis关节周炎6.per-来源:L. per-, throughout, thoroughly, completely,deviating from, detrimentally遍及,彻底地,完全地,偏离,有害地;来自per, through, by穿过,傍变形:某些法语源词为par-,如pardon含义:(1) throughout遍及,全部,贯穿perspective透视(2) through, by means of经过,穿过,经由,通过perambulate步行穿过(3) deviating from偏离perfidy背信,不忠(4) 加强原义perplex使复杂7.dia-来源:L. dia-来自G. dia-, through越过,遍及变形:di-,用于元音前,如diactinic含义:(1) through, during全部,遍及,由此及彼,自始至终diagnose诊断(彻底弄清)(2) across横过,穿过diagonal对角线8.trans-来源:L. trans-, across, beyond, to the other side,through, so as to change横过,跨越,到另一边,经过,因之改变变形:常在浊辅音前变为tra-,如trajectory, traduce,traverse; s前常成为tran-,如transister 含义:(1) (a) across越过transpolar跨(北)极的(b) beyond超出transhuman超人的(c) through透过,穿过translucent半透明的(d) on or to the other side在或到另一边transpacific在太平洋彼岸的(e) completeness of change变化的完成,转变transshape变形(2) transverse横向的transverse横卧,横放9.ultra-来源:L. ultra-,来自ultra, to a point beyond, on thefar side, farther off, beyond向远端的一点,在远端,远离,超出含义:(1) beyond in space, on the other side 空间上的那一边,在另一端,相当于trans- ultratropical热带那边的(2) beyond the range or limits of, transcending范围或限度上超越,超越,相当于super-ultramodern超现代化的(3) beyond what is common, ordinary, natural, right, proper or moderate, excessively, exceedingly超乎普通、一般、自然、正当、正常或适度的,过度地,非常地,相当hyper- ultracomplex极端复杂的10.tele-来源:G. tel-, tele, far, far off, distant 远的,远离的,遥远的变形:tel-, telo-,如telautogram, telodynamic 含义:(1) distant, at a distance, over a distance远的,在远处,超过某一距离telegram电报(2) telegram, television, telephoto, telecommunication电报,电视,远距摄影,电信teletypewriter电传打字机六、在中间(在内,相互之间);在周围(围绕)1.medi-, medio-来源:来自L. medius, middle中间含义:(1) medial中间的medial中间的(2) intermediate居间的medieval中世纪的,中古的(3) middle or median plane中部或中间平面medioventral腹中部的2.meso-来源:L., G. meso-,来自G. mesos, middle中间变形:元音前用mes-,如mesad含义:in the middle, intermediate (as in position, size,type, time, degree)在中间,(位置、大小、型别、时间、程度的)中间或中等的,介于…之间的mesial中间的,当中的3.inter-来源:L. inter-,来自inter, within在…内含义:(1) between, among, in the midst介于…间,两者之间interpolar处于两极之间的(2) mutual, reciprocal相互,交互interrelation相互关系(3) between or among the parts of介于两部分之间intercostal肋间的(4) carried on between在…之间进行或从事的international国际(间)的(5) carried on between, intervening在…间进行的,干扰的interfere干涉(6) shared by or derived from two or more 为二个或多个(团体、组织等)所共享或从它们派生出来的interdepartmental各部门间的,(大学的)各秒之间的(7) between the limits of, within在两个界限之内,在…之内intertropical位于热带地区之内的4.circum-来源:L. circum-来自circum, round about (an objector place), nearby, in a circle around, (withmotion or of distance) round,环某物或地方周围,近旁,在圆圈周围,(动作或距离)环绕含义:(1) around, about, on all sides围绕,到处circumrotate绕转(2) around, surrounding, revolving around在…四周,周围的,绕着…转的(3) circumscribed标出界限,限制,画圈circumscribe标界5.amphi-来源:L. amphi-, around, on both sides环绕,两边变形:元音前为amph-,如amphion含义:(1) around环绕amphibology语义不明确(在真意周围打圈圈)(2) on both sides, of both kinds, both 两边,两种,两者amphivorous荤素两食的6.ambi-来源:L. ambi, around, on both sides, both 围绕,两边,两者变形:元音前amb-,如ambit含义:(1) around环绕ambient环绕四周的(2) both两者ambilateral双方的七、合(在一起,共同,同时),分(离)1.con-来源:L. com,来自cum, along with, together with,with与…一道,连同,与变形:(1) 元音h, g, n前变为co-,如coaction, coherence, cognate (2) b, m, p前,变为com-,如combine, commemorate, compatriot (3) l前变为col-,如collaboration (4) r前变为cor-,如correlation含义:(1) collection or simultanously聚在一起,同时地convention大会,会议(2) joint action共同行动colloquy交谈,谈话(3) connexion or partnership连接或合伙关系consort配偶,夫妻(4) enclose or containing围绕或包含conception怀孕,构思(5) intensify of action动作的加强(起加强原义作用)constant永恒,经常的(6) completeness完全性(起加强原义作用)complete完全的,全部的2.co-来源:L. com-,与O. E. ge-有亲缘关系,后者表示perfective, associative, collective完成的,联合的,聚集的含义:(1) with, together, joint, jointly, shared, mutual, mutually与,一起,共同的,共同,共同地,共有的,互相的,互相地coaction(生物)共同的行动(2) in or to the same degree在或趋于同一程度coconcious意识到同样事物的(3) (a) fellow, partner同伴,合伙者coconspirator(共谋的)阴谋家(b) having an usually lesser share in duty or responsibility, alternate, deputy责任和义务较少的,轮流的,代表,代理人copilot副驾驶员(4) (a) operating together, or reciprocally相互起作用的,互惠的,相互的coterm互相适应的(b) of the complement of an angle余角的cosine余弦3.syn-来源:M. E sin-, syn-,来自L. syn-,来自G. syn-,来自syn, with, together with, by means of, atthe same time as与,与…一起,籍,与…同时变形:(1) b, m, p前为sym-,如symbol, symmetry, symphony (2) l前为syl-,如syllable (3) s, z前为sy-,如system, syzygy含义:(1) with, along with, together与,与…一道,在一起synod讨论会(2) at the same time同时synod(天文)会合(3) like, associated相似的,相连的syndrome并发症,综合症4.se-来源:L. se, sed, apart, aside, sometimes privative分离,靠近,有时有“除外”的含义含义:(1) apart, aside分离,靠边secede退出,脱离(2) privative除外的,否定的secure无虑的,安心的八、来自;去向1.ab-来源:L. ab-, from, away from; off; at a distance;completely, thoroughly从…(出发),向…,离去,在某个距离处,完全地,彻底地变形:(1) abs,如abstract (2) a-,如avert含义:(1) from, departing from, away, off, at a distance, outside of从…,从…离去,向…离去,在某个距离处,在…之外abnoraml反常(2) completely, thoroughly完全地,彻底地(起加强原义作用)absorb吸收(3) 从absolute(绝对的)一词转用到公制的电磁单位abampere绝对安培2.apo-来源:G. apo-,来自apo, from, away从…出发,向…离去变形:ap-,用于元音或h之前,如apastron, aphelion含义:(1) away, from, off, remove off向…离去,从…出发,离去,移去aphelion远日点(2) detached, separate离开的,分开的aporrhea流出,析出(3) 用以加强原义aphorism(从某一见解完全分出的简要语)格言、警语3.ad-来源:L. ad-, motion to or against, direction towards,placing on or against, nearness or presence,intensification动向,背向,指向,置于其上,到达,靠近或在场,加强原意变形:凡来自拉丁语源的词,(1) 在c, f, g, l, n, p, r,s, t之前分别变为acc-, aff-, agg-, all-, ann-,app-, arr-, ass-, att-,如account, affix,aggravate, allocation, announce, appoint,arrange, assimilate, attract (2) 在k, q 之前常变为ack-, acq-,如acknowledge, acquire (3)在sc, sp, st, gn之前,d常被略去,成为asc-,asp, ast-, agn-,如ascension, aspiration,astride, agnostic (4) m前之adm-有时变为amm-,如ammunition含义:(1) (motion) to, toward(动)至,(动)向adduce引用,引证,说明(2) placing on or against置于…上,背靠affix附加,贴上(3) near, adjacent to(常用ad-形)接近,靠近adoral靠近嘴的,口旁的(4) 对原意的加强admixture混杂(5) reaching到达arrive到达,达到(某地),到达(成年),活到(多少岁),达成(决议),谈妥(交易)4.de-来源:来自L. de-, from away, down从…出发,向…离去,向下含义:(1) remove…from, away from, removal, destroy from从…除去,自…离去,除去,从…毁掉dehorn去牛角(2) get off of (a special thing)从(某事物)离去,下来debus下公共汽车(3) motion down from or away从…移下或移去depress压下(4) thoroughness or completeness(用于加强原意,表示)彻底性,完全性delimit划界限(5) cause to cease使停止de-energize断电,停电5.ob-来源:L. ob-, to, toward, before, against, over,completely至,向,在前,背,相反,过(份),完全地变形:(1) 在c, f, p之前,变为occ-, off-, opp-,如occur, offend, oppose (2) 在m之前变为o-,如omit (3) 个别的p前,变为o-,如opaque;个别的t前为os-,如ostentation含义:(1) to, towards, in the direction of 到,向,在…方向Occident(太阳落向)西方(2) in front of, against在…之前,相反,靠occasion(落在前面)机会(3) in reverse order, inverse反顺序,反的,倒的opposition反对,敌对(4) over, completely过,过分,完全地obses(吃的过分)胖子(5) to intensify the original meaning 用以加强原义oppress压迫九、相反;反向1.contra-来源:L. contra-,来自contra, against含义:(1) against, contrary, contrasting, inopposition相对,相反,对比,反对contradict反驳,驳斥(2) pitched below normal bass低于正常低音contrabassoon低音巴松管2.counter-来源:M. E. counter-,来自M. F. contre-, conter-来自L. contra, against相反含义:(1) (a) contrary, opposite, adverse相反的,相对的,反面的countercurrent逆流(b) opposing, retaliatory, answering 反对的,报复的,回答的counterblow反击(2) complementary, corresponding, alternate互补的,相应的,交替的counterpart相应的东西(3) duplicate, substitute复本,副本,代替的人或物counterfoil票根,支票存根3.anti-来源:L. anti-, against相反,反对变形:元音或h前,通常作ant-,如antarctic, anthelion含义:(1) (a) one oppose the claims of, rival, spurious对于某种主张的反对者,竞争对手,虚假的antisoical对社会主义怀有敌意的(b) of the same kind but situated opposite, exerting energy in the opposite direction or pursuing an opposite policy站在同类中的反面的,向反方向使劲或追求一种相反的政策的antischool对立学派(c) one that is opposite in kind to种类、性质、方法上的相反anticyclone高气压(2) (a) opposing or hostile to in opinion, sympathy or practice在信念、同情心或实践中处于反面或敌对的antidemocratic反民主的(b) opposing in effect or activity, inhibiting, preventing, counteracting在效果或活动上是相反的,阻止的,防止的,抵消的antiacid抗酸(3) not不antilogical不合逻辑的(4) serving to prevent, cure or alleviate (a pathological condition)用于防病、治病或消痛的antiarthritic治关节炎的(5) opposing or neutralizing anothersubstance对另一物质起相反或中和作用的antibody抗体(6) combating, destroying, defending against抗战斗、抗破坏、抗防御的antimine防地雷的4.un-来源:O. E. un-, on-,为and-之变形,意为against 相反含义:(1) (a) do the opposite of, reversal (a sp. action)作相反或逆向动作——加在动词前undress脱去衣服,披露(b) cause to cease to使停止——加在动词前unbe使不再是(2) (a) deprive of, remove (a sp. thing) from, remove使丧失,自…除去,除去——加在名词前成动词unflesh变瘦,消瘦(b) release from, free from自…释放或摆脱——加在名词前成动词unhand放掉,把手从…移开(c) remove from, extract, bring out of 从…除去,拔取,显现出——加在名词前成为动词,比较de-, dis-unbosom吐露(d) cause to cease to使止——加在名词前成动词,比较dis-(3) completely完全地(加强语义),比较dis-unloose放松,释放5.for-来源:O. E. for- (1) out, away, un-,在外,离去,与un-相当,(2) altogether全部地含义:(1) so as to involve prohibition, exclusion, omission, failure or refusal含有禁止、排除、删除、失败或拒绝的意思forbid禁止,不许(2) completely, excessively, to exhaustion, to pieces完全地,过分地;耗尽,成碎片forspent耗尽的,破烂的6.with-来源:O. E. with, against, opposite, toward, with相反,反面,向,具有含义:(1) against, opposite相反withdraw取回,撤回,撤退(2) toward, with向,具有within在…之内,在内,在内部7.de-来源:L. dis-, separation, dispersal, reversal 分离,散开,反转,倒退含义:do the opposite of, reverse of做相反的…,反其道而行之decode(编码的反义)解码8.dis-来源:M. E. dis-, des-,来自L. dis-, commonly, signifies separation, dispersal, sometimes alsoinvolving the reversal of a previous process.An intensifying force is apparently colloquial通常表示分离,散开,有时也包括某过程的逆过程,在口语中有加强的含义变形:(1) di-,用于拉丁语源词d, g, l, m, r, v 之前,有时s, j之前,如didactic, digress, diligent,diminish, direct, diverse, dispirit, dijudicate(2) dif-,用于拉丁语源词f之前,如differ,diffuse (3) des-为M. E.或O. F.语源词前缀,用于元音与h之前,如deshabille,但有例外,即在非元音前也用,如despatch含义:(1) (a) do the opposite of, reverse (a sp. action)做相反的,逆反(某一动作)disjoin拆散,分开(b) deprive of (a sp. character, quality or rank), deprive of (a sp. object)使丧失(某种特性,性质或地位),剥或脱去(某物)discourage使失去勇气(c) exclude or expel from自…排除或逐出disbar逐出法庭(2) opposite of, contrary of, absence of 对立的,相反的,欠缺的disunion不统一,分裂(3) not不dishonest不诚实的(4) completely完全地(加强原意)disannul取消,作废。
考研英语词汇常见51个前缀
考研英语词汇常见51 个前缀1.ab=away, fromabsent 缺席的;心不在焉的2.ad=to, towardadvance 发展,前进;预先的3.am=loveamour 恋情4.anti=against, opposingantipathy 反感5.auto=self, sameautocracy 独裁政治6.bene, bon=goodbenefit 利益,好处;bonus 奖金7.bi=twobiannual 一年两次的8.circum=aroundcircumstance 环境;境遇9.co, com, con=withcooperate 合作,协力;compose 构成,组成;convene 召集,集合10.contra, counter=againstcontrary 相反的;counteract 抵消,中和11.crypt=secretcryptogram 密码12.de=from, away, downdescend 下降13.dia=through, acrossdialogue 对话14.demi=halfdemitasse 小咖啡杯15.di=twodioxide 二氧化物16.dis=not, opposite, removedisease 病;disappear 消失17.e, ec, ex=outemigrate 移民;ecstasy 入迷;忘形;export 出口;输出18.en= to make; to cause to beenlarge 扩大19.fore=front, beforeforecast 预测;预报20.in, im=in, into, oninvade 侵略;immigrate 移民21.inter=betweeninternational 国际的22.intro, intra=withinintrospect 反省,内省;intravenous 静脉内的23.in, im, il, ir=notinequality 不平等;illegal 非法的;irrational 不合理的24.mal=bad, abnormalmalfunction 故障,失灵25.micro=smallmicrochip 微芯片26.mis=bad, wrongmisunderstand 误解27.mono=onemonopoly 垄断28.multi=manymultiply 多样的;乘;繁殖29.neo=newneocolonialism 新移民主义30.ob, op, of=against, facingobject 反对;目标;opposite 相反的;offend 冒犯;违反31.omni=allomniscience 全知32.poly=manypolyphonic 多音的33.post=afterpostpone 延期,延迟34.pre=before, prior toprepare 准备35.pro=supporting, in favor ofpro-abortion 流产36.pro=forwardpromote 促进37.proto=first, originalprototype 原型38.re=back, againreturn 返回39.retro=backwardretrospect 回顾40.sub, sup, sus=under, below, aftersubsidize 资助;support 支持;维持;suspend 延缓,推迟41.super=abovesuperimpose 添加;重叠42.syn, sym, syl=with, togethersynthesis 综合;合成;symbol 象征;syllabus 教学大纲43.tele=far, distanttelephone 电话44.trans=across, beyondtranslate 翻译45.un=not unreasonable 不合理的46.uni=oneuniform 制服;统一的47.out=beyondoutlive 比……活得长48.over=outside overcoat 外套49.over=too much overtime 超时的;加班的50.pan=allpantheism 多神教;泛神论51.para=beside, alongside parameter 参数。
英语词汇前后缀
英语词汇前缀一、上(向上,在上);下(向下,在下)1.ana-来源:G. ana-,来自ana,up,on向上,在上变形:元音之前变为an-,如anode含义:(1) up, upward向上,向上的,向上地anabatic向上的,向上运动的(2) back, backward在后,向后的ananym倒写名字(3) again, anew再,重新,以一种新的或不同的方式(现现)anabiosis复苏2.cata-来源:G. kata-,来自kata,down向下变形:元音与h之前变为cat-,如cation,cathode含义:(1) down向下catabiotic衰变的(2) against,back,opposite相反,向后,相反的catabaptist反对洗礼的人(3) wholly,thoroughly整个地,彻底地(用以加强原意)cataclastic碎裂的3.epi-来源:G. epi-,来自epi,on,up,to在上,向上,向变形:元音与h之前变为ep-,如epoch,ephemeral含义:upon,besides,near to,over,after,outer,anterior,prior to在上,加之,靠近,向上,在后,外边的,在…之前,在先的epibiotic残骸,残遗物4.up-来源:M. E. up,upward向上含义:in an upward direction,up向上,在上upgrade提高等级5.down-来源:M. E. doun,来自O. E. adune(a-dune,hill),off or from the hill下山含义:down,in a downward direction向下,在…下downcast下落,陷落6.a-来源:O. E. a-,an,on在上含义:(1) on,in,at在…上,在…中,在abed在床上(2) in(such)a state or condition在…情况或状态中afire燃烧着(3) in(such)a manner处于…方式aloud高声地,出声地(4) in the act of,in the process of处于某种行动或过程中a-hunting打猎中7.on-来源:O. E. on,an,on在…上含义:on在…上onlooker旁观者二、过(过,上,超,高,特);不及(不及,下,亚,次,稍)1.super-来源:L. super-,over,above,in addition过,高于,加之;来自super,to or in a position higherthan,over,处于更高的位置,过含义:(1) (a) (i) over,above,higher in quantity,quality or degree,more than过,高于,在数量、质量、程度上高于、多于superstandard高标准(ii) in addition,extra附加的,额外的supernumerary多余的;多余者(iii) of a secondary character某种次特征的superparasitism重寄生现象(b) in excessing degree or intensity,exceeding a normal过度的,加强的,超过标准superingenious极度机灵的(c) surpassing all or most others of its kind or class(as in power,size or complexity)(在威力、形态、复杂性等方面)超群同种类中全部或大多数的superbomber超级轰炸机(2) (a) situated or placed above,on the top of,specifically situated on the dorsal side of位于或置于上面或项上的,尤指位于背部顶上的supertower塔顶(b) next above or higher次高,较高superoctave高八度音(3) having an additional dimension比…在形体上更增大的supersized超大型的(4) (a) consisting a more inclusive category than that specified含有包容比所述者更大的范畴的superfamily总科(b) superior in status, title or position在地位、头衔、职位上更高的supersovereign高级统治者2.sub-来源:L. sub- under,below,form below up,near,further,after在下,低于,从上而下,接近,较远,在后变形:(1) c,f,g,m,p,r前,分别变为suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sup-,sur-如succeed,suffix,suggest,summate,support,surrender (2) t以及一些c,p之前变为sus-,如sustain,susceptible,suspend (3) sc,sp之前,略去b,成为su-,如suspect含义:(1) under,below,beneath在下,低于,在下面subsoil底土,下层土(2) (a) subordinate,secondary,next lower than or inferior to,of lower rank亚于,次于,次低于或劣于,低级别的subcenter子中心,副中心(b) (i) subordinate portion of,subdivision of,derived from 次要部分的,细分部分的,从…派生的subdistrict小区(ii) with repetition(as of a process),so as to form,stress or deal with subordinate parts or relations,further,again在形成、强调或处理次要部分或关系中,进行(如过程的)重复,更进一步地,再次地subclassify再细分(3) somewhat,slightly,less than completely or perfectly,inadequately,less than normally有点,略微,略少,不充分地,少于正常地subacid微酸的(4) (a) almost,nearly差不多,近似,接近subabdominal近腹部的(b) fallen nearly in the category of and often adjoining,bordering upon差不多已是这个范畴,并且常常表示临近,近似subadult差不多已成人(c) immediately following,after紧跟,随后successive后继的3.hyper-来源:G. hyper-,来自hyper,相当于L. super-含义:(1) over,above,beyond高于,超过,相当于super- hyperbarbarous极残暴的(2) overmuch,excessively太多,过,过分地,相当于extra- hyperacid胃酸过多的(3) excessive in extent or quality在范围与性质上过大、过甚hyperesthesia感觉过敏4.hypo-来源:G. hypo-,来自hypo,相当于L. sub-含义:(1) under,beneath,down在下,在下面,低于hypodermic皮下的(2) less than normal or normally低于正常的(地)hypocalcemia血钙过低5.supra-来源:L. supra-,above,on,top,beyond,furtherback,earlier高于,在上,上端,超出,更后,较早含义:(1) above,higher than处于上部,高于supraorbital眼眶上的(2) transcending超越supranational超国家的(3) prior to先于supralapsarian前定论者6.infra-来源:L. infra,below,beneath低于,在下面含义:(1) below,lower in status than低于,地位低于infraglacial冰底的(2) within在…内infraterritorial本土内的(3) below in a scale or series在尺度或系列中处于下位的infrasonic次声(频)的(4) below or beneath低于,在下面infracoastal肋骨以下的7.subter-来源:L. subter,secretly,under,below隐蔽在,在下,低于含义:under,below,secretly在下,低于,隐蔽地subternatural逊于天然的8.sur-来源:O. F. sour-,sur-来自L. super含义:(1) over超,高于,加上,相当于super-surface表面(2) excessive过度的surexcitation兴奋过度(3) above,up在上,向上surbase基柱上的饰物9.over-来源:O. E. ofer,over在上,过于含义:(1) too过,太(尤用于来自形容词的形容词)overbold过于大胆的(2) too much过多(尤用于来自名词或动词的名词或动词)overact演得过火(3) over,on,outside在上,在外overshoe套鞋10.under-来源:O. E. under,under在下,少于含义:(1) worn,placed,situated,etc. under穿于下面,放在下面,位于下部等(尤用于名词之前)underclothes内衣裤(2) not sufficiently,not so much as necessary不足,比需要的少些(尤用于动词之前)underact不卖力的表演三、内(在内,向内,进内);外(在外,向外,出外)1.in-来源:L. in-,in在内,向内,进入变形:(1) 在b,m,p以前变成im-,如imbalance,immoral,import (2) 在l,r以前变成il-,ir-,如irrigate (3) 在gn前变成i-,如ignorance(4) 偶尔还可见其延伸式indu-,如industry含义:(1) in,within,inward,into,toward,on内,在内,向内,进入,向,在上inject投入,注射(2) 与en-同义,使…,加以…,饰以…,放进去,提供illucidate使清楚,阐明(3) 加强原意illustrate说明,表明2.en-来源:O. F. en-,来自L. in-变形:b,m,p前通常变为em-,如embus,emmarble,empower含义:(1) put into,put on to,cover or surround with,go into or on to置于…内,置于…上,盖以…,环以…,进入,登上——加在名词前变动词encradle放进摇篮中(2) cause to be使之——加在形容词或名词之前,成为动词,有时加在动词前,这种动词有时还有后缀-en,如embolden englad使乐(3) provided with供以——加在名词前成为动词encollar上领子(4) so as to cover or surround,thoroughly盖住或包围,彻底地——加在其含义与之稍有差别或不全相同的动词前变成新动词enwrap包入,卷入3.en-来源:L. en-,来自G. en-,来自en,in在内变形:b,m,p前通常变为em-,如embatholithic含义:in,within,inside内,在内,内面endermic皮下的4.endo-来源:F. endo-,来自G. endon-,within,at home在…内,在家变形:有时元音前为end-,如endergonic含义:与exo-相反(1) within,inside在…内,内面endoscope内窥镜(2) taking in,requiring吸,收,与exo-相反endotherm吸热5.eso-来源:G. eso-,来自eso,within在内含义:within内部的,在内的esotropia内斜眼6.intra-来源:L. intra,within(position,the mind,thoughts,the space of),inside(position,a period oftime);without passing beyond,on this sideof;without exceeding,within a limit orrestriction;confined to在(位置,心、思维、空间)内,在(位置、期间)之内,未跨越,在…的这边,未超过,在某界限或限度之内,限于含义:(1) (a) within在…内,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intraclass同类的(b) between layers of层间,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intracutaneous皮内的(c) during期间,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intrafebrile发热期间的(d) underneath在下,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intrasonic超低频的(2) 进入内部的,与intro-同义intramascular注入肌肉的(3) internal内部的intraselection内部选择说7.intro-来源:L. intro,inwardly,to the inside内向地,向内地,与extro-相反含义:(1) in,into内,进入introjection投入的行动(2) inward,within向内,在…内,与extro-相反introvert内向,内省8.ex-来源:L. ex-,out,away,throughout,thoroughly,achievement,up;it also has privative force外,出外,向…离去,彻底地,完成,向上;它也有―缺少‖或―除外‖的含义变形:(1) 元音和c,p,q,s,t前,取ex-形,有时s前的exs-变成ex-或es-,如expect (2) b,d,g,j,l,m,n,r,v前变为e-,如ebullition,edition,egregious,eject,elect,emission,enervate,erect,evohuate (3) f前变为eff-,如effuence含义:(1) out of,away form,outside of在…外,从…离去,在…之外elect选出,选举(2) without,lacking没有,缺exalate无翅的(3) 加强原意exalt增高,使升高(4) out of(the office or condition),former脱离(某个职位或状态),前…(中间以短划连接)ex-president前总统9.exo-来源:G. exo-,out of,out,outside of,outside在…外,外,在…外边,外边变形:元音前有时变成ex-,如exergonic含义:(1) outside,outer,外面,外面的,与endo-相反,请比较ecto-exogamy外族通婚(2) producing产生,与endo-相反exothermal放热的10.ec-来源:G. ek-,out of,outside of,out在…外,在…外边,外边含义:out of,outside of,out在…外,在…外边,外边eccyesis子宫外孕11.ecto-来源:G. ekto-,outside外面变形:元音前变为ect-,如ectad含义:(1) outside,external外边,外部的(对比endo-,exo-)ectotherm冷血动物(2) out of place异位ectocardia心脏异位12.extra-来源:L. extra,outside,except,beyond外边,除却,超出含义:outside,beyond在…之外,格外,特,超——尤用于形容词组成形容词extra-urban市区外的13.extro-来源:L. extro,outside,outward外面,向外含义:outside,outward外面,向外,与intro-相反extrovert外向性格的人14.in-来源:O. E. in,in在内变形:无,注意与前面的in-有区别含义:in内,在内inland内地的,国内的15.out-来源:O. E. ut,out外,在外(参见词根ut)含义:(1) out,outside,outward,away,from外,外面,向外,从…离去outdoor户外的(2) out,indicating exhaustion,extinction驱逐出,表示耗尽,灭绝outroot除根(3) over,too much,too excessively过,过分,太,过多地outsize过大(4) surpassing胜过的,无比的outdo胜过,战胜四、前(在前,在先,优先);后(在后,随后,远离,退后,反向,重复)1.pre-来源:L. prae-,position in front,ahead,at the end,or temporal precedence;preeminence in thequality(在动词或其派生词前,表示)位置在前,前头,在端点或暂时领先,(在形容词前,表示)有关的性质是超群的含义:(1) (a) (i) earlier than,prior to,before先于,早于,在…之前(先),前predeparture出发前的(ii) preparatory or prerequisite to预备的,必须预先具备的premedical医学预科的(iii) in a formative, incipient or preliminary stage趋于成形的,初期的,初步的阶段precartilage前软骨(最终形成软骨)(b) in advance,before-hand预先,在前prejudge预先判断(2) (a) in front of,before在前,前preamplifier放置放大器(b) at the front,anterior,constituting a front part在前部,在…之前,构成前面部分preabdomen前腹部(3) exceedingly非常地,极度地prenoble极其高尚的2.preter-来源:L. praeter-,past,by过去,经过含义:(1) past,by已过,经过preterit过去时态(2) beyond the range of,surpassing超过…范围,超越preternormal超过正常标准的3.pro-来源:L. pro-,foreward movement or direction,downward movement,action in front,prominence;utterance;priority in time andadvantage移前,向前,下移,向前作用,突出;极度;优先,优势含义:(1) (a) earlier than,prior to,before(时间上)先于,早于,前于,前probaptismal洗礼前的(b) 原始的,与proto-同义proanthropus原人(2) (a) situated before,located in front of,anterior to(空间上)在前,位于前,先于procerebrum脑的前部(b) front,anterior前,先于prothorax前胸(3) projecting,action in front向前投射,向前动作project射出(4) bringing into open使公开proclaim正式公布4.pro-来源:L. pro-,pro,before,in front of,in behalf of,for,on account of在前,在…前面,代表,为了,为了…的缘故变形:某些法语源词为pur-(A. F.,来自O. F. por-,pur-,F. pour-,来自L. pro-,for),如purchase,purport,purpose,pursue,purvey含义:(1) taking the place of,substituting for代替,代理pronoun代名词(2) siding with,advocating,favoring,supporting,championing与…站在一边,拥护,亲…,支持,为支持他人而奋斗pro-British亲英的(3) for,on account of,according to为了,为了…之故,按照proportion按比例,比例5.proto-来源:G. protos,before,ahead在…前,在前面变形:元音前变为prot-,如protactinium含义:(1) (a) first in time(时间上)最初,第一protohistoric史前时代的(b) first in status,chief in rank or importance,principal(地位上)首要,(等级上)主要或显要,主要的protocerebrum前脑(c) beginning,tending toward,given rise to开始,趋于,引起protocol文件原稿,议定书(2)(通常第一个字母大写)一种或多种语言或方言的母语,一般拼作proto-,后面用一短划与大写的第二部分连接Proto-Arabic原始阿拉伯语的6.re-来源:L. re-,red-,movement back or in reverse,withdrawal,reversal of a previous process,restoration,response or opposition,repeatedaction向后或反向移动,退后,前一过程的逆过程,复原,反应或相反,重复动作变形:red-,如redundant含义:(1) movement back or in reverse,withdrawal(向)后动,反向动,退却rebound弹回(2) reversal of a previous process,restoration,again,anew 前过程的逆过程,恢复,再,重新redo再做(3) response or opposition反应,反对rebellion反叛(4) separation,withdrawal撤离,离开remove除去,移去注:下列场合,要在前缀re-与后续部分中间加一短划:(1) 为避免与另一含义不同的词相混淆,如re-create,以别于recreate(2) 后续部分已有一前缀re-,如re-recover(3) 后续部分以大写字母开头,如re-Christianization7.retro-来源:L. retro-,(1) towards the rear, backwards向后部,向后(2) (without motion implied) in aposition to the rear, behind one, in a positionto the rear of, behind(无动作)位置在后,在另一个之后,在后部位置,在后部(3) tothe place or in the direction from which onecame, back (again)回到原来的位置或方向,(再)返回(4) in the opposite direction tothat normally followed, backward与循序而行的方向反向,倒退含义:(1) (a) backward, back向后,后retroject向后投射(b) back in time, past(时间上)回溯,过去retrodict倒堆(过去)(2) situated behind(位置)在后retrolingual舌后的(3) contrary to the usual or natural course, retrograde, back, again逆反,逆行,逆反应retroinfection逆传染(4) in return, retroverse反转,反向,倒转retrovert使翻转8.ante-来源:L. ante-, in front, in front of, before, forewards,previously在前面,在…的前面,在…之前,向前,先前地含义:(1) (a) prior, precedent, earlier较早的,在先的,更早的antenatus某时代前出生的人(b) anterior, foreward在…之前的,(空间)向前anteroom前厅,接待室(2) (a) prior to, earlier than先于,早于antenatal出生以前的(b) in front of在…前面的anteorbital眼眶前的9.post-来源:L. post-, 来自posterus, behind含义:(1) (a) after, subsequent, later在…之后,此后的,后postentry后登的(漏)账(b) behind, posterior, following after…后面,…以后,…随后的postfix后缀(2) (a) subsequent to, later than继…之后的,比…较后的postabolescence(青年期之后)壮年期(b) behind, posterior to…后面的,次要的postern后门,便道10.meta-来源:L. L. & G. meta-,来自meta, after, with,between在后,紧接着,随后,介于两者之间变形:元音或h前多为met-,如metencephalic,method含义:(1) (a) between介于中间,介metastable暂时稳定的(b) in succession to, occurring later, after较后发生,随后出现,在后metagenesis世代交替(c) situated behind, posterior位于后,后面的metacarpal掌骨(位于腕骨carpal之后)(d) later or more highly organized or specialized form of新近出现的,更高层次组合或更特殊形态的metaphyte后生植物(与protophyte相对)(e) with, occurring with有,带有metatype伴型,次型(2) change in transformation of…的变化metaplasm词形变化(3) (a) beyond, transcending超出,超越(此义从亚里斯多德名著metaphysics而来),metaphysics来自G. ta meta ta physika, the works after the physics意为物理学后的著作,或超物理学(中国古代叫形而上学或玄学)metaphysics形而上学(b) of a higher logical type in names formed from names of disciplines and designating new but related disciplines such as can deal critically with the nature, structure or behavior of the original ones元的,一种更高层次逻辑形式的——加于一种学科名字之前,表示一种新的但与此学科有关的学科,它批判地研究原学科的性质、结构或行为metalanguage元语言11.fore-来源:O. E. fore-,来自fore,在前部含义:(1) (a) at an earlier point in time, beforehand时间上在先,预先foresee预见(b) occurring at an earlier point in time, occurring beforehand 发生在先forepaymant预付(c) being an earlier part of (something stipulated)(某些规定事物的)早先部分foreday早晨(2) (a) situated at or toward the front, situated in front of something位在前,向前,位于某些事物的前面foreleg(动物)前腿(b) being the front part of (something stipulated)(某些事物的)前部分forearm前臂(3) 主要的,首要的foreman工头12.after-来源:O. E. aeften, behind在后含义:(1) after较后aftereffect后效,后作用(2) second二次,再,后after-crop第二次收获五、在旁边(沿着,平行,靠近);越过(穿过,透过,跨过,遍及,远的)1.para-来源:L. para-,来自G. para-,来自para, beside,contrary to在旁边,相反于变形:元音前par-,如paranthropus含义:(1) (a) beside, along side of傍,沿…边paracentral靠近中心的(b) parallel, parasitic平行的,并行的,寄生的paragenesis共生(c) associated in a subsidiary or accessory capacity能力或能量属于次要的或附加的paramilitary准军事组织(d) closely resembling the true form, almost极似真的,差不多的(尤指疾病)para-book类似书籍的刊物(2) beyond, outside of超越,在…之外paranormal超越正常现象的(3) (a) faulty, irregular or disordered condition, abnormal有缺陷、不规则或无秩序的状态paranoia妄想症(b) perversion反常parabulia意志力的异常或颠倒2.cis-来源:L. cis-,来自cis, (time) before, (space) on thenear side of, (motion) to the near side of,across(时间)在前,(空间)在近端,(动作)向近端,横过含义:(1) on this side, on the nearer side (often with a hyphen)在这一边,在近边(往往加一短划);请与trans-, ultra-作对照cisalpine在阿尔卑斯山这边(2) nearer in time, since时间上较近,自…cisatomic自发现原子以来3.by-来源:O. E. be, bi, by, near旁,近旁,与amphi-, ambi-有亲缘关系含义:(1) near, at or to the side of近旁,侧bypass旁路,支路(2) past过去的bygone过时的,过去的;过去的事(3) aside, in reverse在一边,反面的byplace偏僻处,穷乡僻壤(4) secondary, subsidiary, supplementary其次的,次要的,副的,补充的by-effect副作用4.be-来源:O. E. be-,来自be, bi, by, near旁,近旁含义:(1) on, around, over在…之上,盖在表面上,在…之四周,从一边到另一边bedaub涂,敷,污染(2) to a great or greater degree, thoroughly达到一个大的或更大的程度,彻底地——用于使简单动词变成加强语气的动词becudgel该(棒)打(3) excessively, ostentatively过分地,夸张地——用于简单动词变为加强语气的动词;也用于词尾为-ed的形容词之前bedeck装饰,点缀(4) about, to, at, upon, against, across在近处或随处,到,在,在…之上,在相反处,横过——加在不及物动词前变成及物动词bestride骑乘,跨,跨越(5) make, cause, to be, treat as使,使之,是,视为——加于形容词或名词之前,变成动词belittle轻视,蔑视(6) call or dub, esp. excessively取名或起号,尤指过分夸张地——加于名词之前变成动词belady如夫人(7) affect, afflict, treat, provide, or cover with, esp. excessively使受影响、痛楚、虐(或善)待、提供、覆盖以,尤指程度上过分地——加于名词前变为动词,有时加在词尾为-ed 的形容词前befamine使饥饿5.peri-来源:L. peri-,来自G. peri-,来自peri, to passthrough通过,穿过含义:(1) near空间或时间的接perihelion近日点(2) all around, about, round四处,到处,四周围,在周围periarctic北极地区的(3) (a) enclosing or surrounding包围的,环绕的periderm外皮(b) tissue surrounding (a sp. part)环绕某部组织炎症的(用于带后缀-it is的名称)periarthritis关节周炎6.per-来源:L. per-, throughout, thoroughly, completely,deviating from, detrimentally遍及,彻底地,完全地,偏离,有害地;来自per, through, by穿过,傍变形:某些法语源词为par-,如pardon含义:(1) throughout遍及,全部,贯穿perspective透视(2) through, by means of经过,穿过,经由,通过perambulate步行穿过(3) deviating from偏离perfidy背信,不忠(4) 加强原义perplex使复杂7.dia-来源:L. dia-来自G. dia-, through越过,遍及变形:di-,用于元音前,如diactinic含义:(1) through, during全部,遍及,由此及彼,自始至终diagnose诊断(彻底弄清)(2) across横过,穿过diagonal对角线8.trans-来源:L. trans-, across, beyond, to the other side,through, so as to change横过,跨越,到另一边,经过,因之改变变形:常在浊辅音前变为tra-,如trajectory, traduce,traverse; s前常成为tran-,如transister含义:(1) (a) across越过transpolar跨(北)极的(b) beyond超出transhuman超人的(c) through透过,穿过translucent半透明的(d) on or to the other side在或到另一边transpacific在太平洋彼岸的(e) completeness of change变化的完成,转变transshape变形(2) transverse横向的transverse横卧,横放9.ultra-来源:L. ultra-,来自ultra, to a point beyond, on thefar side, farther off, beyond向远端的一点,在远端,远离,超出含义:(1) beyond in space, on the other side空间上的那一边,在另一端,相当于trans-ultratropical热带那边的(2) beyond the range or limits of, transcending范围或限度上超越,超越,相当于super-ultramodern超现代化的(3) beyond what is common, ordinary, natural, right, proper or moderate, excessively, exceedingly超乎普通、一般、自然、正当、正常或适度的,过度地,非常地,相当hyper-ultracomplex极端复杂的10.tele-来源:G. tel-, tele, far, far off, distant远的,远离的,遥远的变形:tel-, telo-,如telautogram, telodynamic含义:(1) distant, at a distance, over a distance远的,在远处,超过某一距离telegram电报(2) telegram, television, telephoto, telecommunication电报,电视,远距摄影,电信teletypewriter电传打字机六、在中间(在内,相互之间);在周围(围绕)1.medi-, medio-来源:来自L. medius, middle中间含义:(1) medial中间的medial中间的(2) intermediate居间的medieval中世纪的,中古的(3) middle or median plane中部或中间平面medioventral腹中部的2.meso-来源:L., G. meso-,来自G. mesos, middle中间变形:元音前用mes-,如mesad含义:in the middle, intermediate (as in position, size,type, time, degree)在中间,(位置、大小、型别、时间、程度的)中间或中等的,介于…之间的mesial中间的,当中的3.inter-来源:L. inter-,来自inter, within在…内含义:(1) between, among, in the midst介于…间,两者之间interpolar处于两极之间的(2) mutual, reciprocal相互,交互interrelation相互关系(3) between or among the parts of介于两部分之间intercostal肋间的(4) carried on between在…之间进行或从事的international国际(间)的(5) carried on between, intervening在…间进行的,干扰的interfere干涉(6) shared by or derived from two or more为二个或多个(团体、组织等)所共享或从它们派生出来的interdepartmental各部门间的,(大学的)各秒之间的(7) between the limits of, within在两个界限之内,在…之内intertropical位于热带地区之内的4.circum-来源:L. circum-来自circum, round about (an objector place), nearby, in a circle around, (withmotion or of distance) round,环某物或地方周围,近旁,在圆圈周围,(动作或距离)环绕含义:(1) around, about, on all sides围绕,到处circumrotate绕转(2) around, surrounding, revolving around在…四周,周围的,绕着…转的(3) circumscribed标出界限,限制,画圈circumscribe标界5.amphi-来源:L. amphi-, around, on both sides环绕,两边变形:元音前为amph-,如amphion含义:(1) around环绕amphibology语义不明确(在真意周围打圈圈)(2) on both sides, of both kinds, both两边,两种,两者amphivorous荤素两食的6.ambi-来源:L. ambi, around, on both sides, both围绕,两边,两者变形:元音前amb-,如ambit含义:(1) around环绕ambient环绕四周的(2) both两者ambilateral双方的七、合(在一起,共同,同时),分(离)1.con-来源:L. com,来自cum, along with, together with,with与…一道,连同,与变形:(1) 元音h, g, n前变为co-,如coaction,coherence, cognate (2) b, m, p前,变为com-,如combine, commemorate, compatriot (3) l前变为col-,如collaboration (4) r前变为cor-,如correlation含义:(1) collection or simultanously聚在一起,同时地convention大会,会议(2) joint action共同行动colloquy交谈,谈话(3) connexion or partnership连接或合伙关系consort配偶,夫妻(4) enclose or containing围绕或包含conception怀孕,构思(5) intensify of action动作的加强(起加强原义作用)constant永恒,经常的(6) completeness完全性(起加强原义作用)complete完全的,全部的2.co-来源:L. com-,与O. E. ge-有亲缘关系,后者表示perfective, associative, collective完成的,联合的,聚集的含义:(1) with, together, joint, jointly, shared, mutual, mutually与,一起,共同的,共同,共同地,共有的,互相的,互相地coaction(生物)共同的行动(2) in or to the same degree在或趋于同一程度coconcious意识到同样事物的(3) (a) fellow, partner同伴,合伙者coconspirator(共谋的)阴谋家(b) having an usually lesser share in duty or responsibility, alternate, deputy责任和义务较少的,轮流的,代表,代理人copilot副驾驶员(4) (a) operating together, or reciprocally相互起作用的,互惠的,相互的coterm互相适应的(b) of the complement of an angle余角的cosine余弦3.syn-来源:M. E sin-, syn-,来自L. syn-,来自G. syn-,来自syn, with, together with, by means of, atthe same time as与,与…一起,籍,与…同时变形:(1) b, m, p前为sym-,如symbol, symmetry,symphony (2) l前为syl-,如syllable (3) s, z前为sy-,如system, syzygy含义:(1) with, along with, together与,与…一道,在一起synod讨论会(2) at the same time同时synod(天文)会合(3) like, associated相似的,相连的syndrome并发症,综合症4.se-来源:L. se, sed, apart, aside, sometimes privative分离,靠近,有时有―除外‖的含义含义:(1) apart, aside分离,靠边secede退出,脱离(2) privative除外的,否定的secure无虑的,安心的八、来自;去向1.ab-来源:L. ab-, from, away from; off; at a distance;completely, thoroughly从…(出发),向…,离去,在某个距离处,完全地,彻底地变形:(1) abs,如abstract (2) a-,如avert含义:(1) from, departing from, away, off, at a distance, outside of 从…,从…离去,向…离去,在某个距离处,在…之外abnoraml反常(2) completely, thoroughly完全地,彻底地(起加强原义作用)absorb吸收(3) 从absolute(绝对的)一词转用到公制的电磁单位abampere绝对安培2.apo-来源:G. apo-,来自apo, from, away从…出发,向…离去变形:ap-,用于元音或h之前,如apastron, aphelion含义:(1) away, from, off, remove off向…离去,从…出发,离去,移去aphelion远日点(2) detached, separate离开的,分开的aporrhea流出,析出(3) 用以加强原义aphorism(从某一见解完全分出的简要语)格言、警语3.ad-来源:L. ad-, motion to or against, direction towards,placing on or against, nearness or presence,intensification动向,背向,指向,置于其上,到达,靠近或在场,加强原意变形:凡来自拉丁语源的词,(1) 在c, f, g, l, n, p, r,s, t之前分别变为acc-, aff-, agg-, all-, ann-,app-, arr-, ass-, att-,如account, affix,aggravate, allocation, announce, appoint,arrange, assimilate, attract (2) 在k, q之前常变为ack-, acq-,如acknowledge, acquire (3)在sc, sp, st, gn之前,d常被略去,成为asc-,asp, ast-, agn-,如ascension, aspiration,astride, agnostic (4) m前之adm-有时变为amm-,如ammunition含义:(1) (motion) to, toward(动)至,(动)向adduce引用,引证,说明(2) placing on or against置于…上,背靠affix附加,贴上(3) near, adjacent to(常用ad-形)接近,靠近adoral靠近嘴的,口旁的(4) 对原意的加强admixture混杂(5) reaching到达arrive到达,达到(某地),到达(成年),活到(多少岁),达成(决议),谈妥(交易)4.de-来源:来自L. de-, from away, down从…出发,向…离去,向下含义:(1) remove…from, away from, removal, destroy from从…除去,自…离去,除去,从…毁掉dehorn去牛角(2) get off of (a special thing)从(某事物)离去,下来debus下公共汽车(3) motion down from or away从…移下或移去depress压下(4) thoroughness or completeness(用于加强原意,表示)彻底性,完全性delimit划界限(5) cause to cease使停止de-energize断电,停电5.ob-来源:L. ob-, to, toward, before, against, over,completely至,向,在前,背,相反,过(份),完全地变形:(1) 在c, f, p之前,变为occ-, off-, opp-,如occur, offend, oppose (2) 在m之前变为o-,如omit (3) 个别的p前,变为o-,如opaque;个别的t前为os-,如ostentation含义:(1) to, towards, in the direction of到,向,在…方向Occident(太阳落向)西方(2) in front of, against在…之前,相反,靠occasion(落在前面)机会(3) in reverse order, inverse反顺序,反的,倒的opposition反对,敌对(4) over, completely过,过分,完全地obses(吃的过分)胖子(5) to intensify the original meaning用以加强原义oppress压迫九、相反;反向1.contra-来源:L. contra-,来自contra, against含义:(1) against, contrary, contrasting, inopposition相对,相反,对比,反对contradict反驳,驳斥(2) pitched below normal bass低于正常低音contrabassoon低音巴松管2.counter-来源:M. E. counter-,来自M. F. contre-, conter-来自L. contra, against相反含义:(1) (a) contrary, opposite, adverse相反的,相对的,反面的countercurrent逆流(b) opposing, retaliatory, answering反对的,报复的,回答的counterblow反击(2) complementary, corresponding, alternate互补的,相应的,交替的counterpart相应的东西(3) duplicate, substitute复本,副本,代替的人或物counterfoil票根,支票存根3.anti-来源:L. anti-, against相反,反对变形:元音或h前,通常作ant-,如antarctic, anthelion含义:(1) (a) one oppose the claims of, rival, spurious对于某种主张的反对者,竞争对手,虚假的antisoical对社会主义怀有敌意的(b) of the same kind but situated opposite, exerting energy in the opposite direction or pursuing an opposite policy站在同类中的反面的,向反方向使劲或追求一种相反的政策的antischool对立学派(c) one that is opposite in kind to种类、性质、方法上的相反anticyclone高气压(2) (a) opposing or hostile to in opinion, sympathy or practice 在信念、同情心或实践中处于反面或敌对的antidemocratic反民主的(b) opposing in effect or activity, inhibiting, preventing, counteracting在效果或活动上是相反的,阻止的,防止的,抵消的antiacid抗酸(3) not不antilogical不合逻辑的(4) serving to prevent, cure or alleviate (a pathological condition)用于防病、治病或消痛的antiarthritic治关节炎的(5) opposing or neutralizing another substance对另一物质起相反或中和作用的antibody抗体(6) combating, destroying, defending against抗战斗、抗破坏、抗防御的antimine防地雷的4.un-来源:O. E. un-, on-,为and-之变形,意为against相反含义:(1) (a) do the opposite of, reversal (a sp. action)作相反或逆向动作——加在动词前undress脱去衣服,披露(b) cause to cease to使停止——加在动词前unbe使不再是(2) (a) deprive of, remove (a sp. thing) from, remove使丧失,自…除去,除去——加在名词前成动词unflesh变瘦,消瘦(b) release from, free from自…释放或摆脱——加在名词前成动词unhand放掉,把手从…移开(c) remove from, extract, bring out of从…除去,拔取,显现出——加在名词前成为动词,比较de-, dis-unbosom吐露(d) cause to cease to使止——加在名词前成动词,比较dis-(3) completely完全地(加强语义),比较dis-unloose放松,释放5.for-来源:O. E. for- (1) out, away, un-,在外,离去,与un-相当,(2) altogether全部地含义:(1) so as to involve prohibition, exclusion, omission, failure or refusal含有禁止、排除、删除、失败或拒绝的意思forbid禁止,不许(2) completely, excessively, to exhaustion, to pieces完全地,过分地;耗尽,成碎片forspent耗尽的,破烂的6.with-来源:O. E. with, against, opposite, toward, with相反,反面,向,具有含义:(1) against, opposite相反withdraw取回,撤回,撤退(2) toward, with向,具有within在…之内,在内,在内部7.de-来源:L. dis-, separation, dispersal, reversal分离,散开,反转,倒退含义:do the opposite of, reverse of做相反的…,反其道而行之decode(编码的反义)解码8.dis-来源:M. E. dis-, des-,来自L. dis-, commonly,signifies separation, dispersal, sometimes alsoinvolving the reversal of a previous process.An intensifying force is apparently colloquial通常表示分离,散开,有时也包括某过程的逆过程,在口语中有加强的含义变形:(1) di-,用于拉丁语源词d, g, l, m, r, v之前,有时s, j之前,如didactic, digress, diligent,diminish, direct, diverse, dispirit, dijudicate(2) dif-,用于拉丁语源词f之前,如differ,diffuse (3) des-为M. E.或O. F.语源词前缀,用于元音与h之前,如deshabille,但有例外,即在非元音前也用,如despatch含义:(1) (a) do the opposite of, reverse (a sp. action)做相反的,逆反(某一动作)disjoin拆散,分开(b) deprive of (a sp. character, quality or rank), deprive of (a sp. object)使丧失(某种特性,性质或地位),剥或脱去(某物)discourage使失去勇气(c) exclude or expel from自…排除或逐出disbar逐出法庭(2) opposite of, contrary of, absence of对立的,相反的,欠缺的disunion不统一,分裂(3) not不dishonest不诚实的(4) completely完全地(加强原意)disannul取消,作废(5)(来自民间语)相当于dys-,反常的,有困难的disfunction (dysfunction)功能障碍(6) apart, away分离,向…离去dissect切开十、不;非;无1.a-来源:G. a-, an-, not不变形:an-,用于元音前,也往往用于h前,如anarchist, anharmony含义:not, without不,无(主要用于希腊或拉丁语源词)asexual无性别的2.in-来源:L. in-, negative or privative prefix负的或否定性前缀变形:(1) im-,用于b, m, p前,如imbalance, immoral,improvident (2) il-,用于l前,如illegal (3) ir-,用于r前,如irresponsible (4) i-,用于gn前,如ignorant含义:not不,无,非;相当于non-, un-illogical不合逻辑的3.un-来源:O. E. un-,与L. in-, G. a-, an-, un-, O. E. ne-有亲缘关系,not不含义:(1) (a) not, in-, non-不,非,无,未,相当in-, non-——加在形容词前(包括过去与现在分词以及名词后面加-ed组成的形容词)uncapacious不宽敞的(b) 加在名词前unostentation不傲慢,朴素大方,不夸张(c) 加在动词前(较少见)unbe使不再是(d) 有时,它只有―非‖的含义,有别于加in-的―反‖,―不‖的含义unartistic非艺术的(inartistic不艺术的,缺乏艺术的)(2) (a) opposite of, contrary to与…相反,相反于——加在形容词前(包括过去或现在分词以及名词加-ed组成的形容词)unpalatable不可口的(b) 加在名词前unrest不安宁,纷乱4.non-来源:L. non-,来自L. non, not不是,不含义:not, reverse of, absence of不,非,无nonacademic非学术的5.ne-, neg-来源:L. ne, neg, not不含义:not不negate否定,否认十一、正(正确,正直,良好);误(假,恶,异常)1.ortho-来源:L. ortho-,来自G. ortho-,来自orthos, straight,right, true直的,正的,真的变形:元音前为orth-,如orthal含义:(1) (a) straight, upright, vertical直的,正直的,垂直的orthosymmetric正对称的(b) exact, parallel确实的,平行的orthohexagnal正六边形的(2) correct, corrective正确的,有矫正作用的orthometry正律法2.eu-来源:L. eu-,来自G. eu-,来自eu, ey, eys, good好的变形:ev-,有时加在元音前,如evangel含义:(1) (a) well, easily满意地,赞扬地,适意地,与dys-相反euplastic适于组织形成的(b) good好的,满意的,与dys-相反eudemon善良的鬼(2) (a) most typical, true最典型的,真正的euchromosome正染色体,常染色体(b) truly真正地eucoelomate真体腔的(c) having a complete life cycle具有完整生活史(或周期)的eu-form全孢型(3) improved derivative of a (sp.) substance优化物质的eucodeine优可的因3.pseudo-来源:G. pseodo-,来自pseudein, to lie, cheat, falsify说谎,欺骗,作假。
英语常见词缀
英语常见词缀英语常见词缀是构成英语词汇的重要组成部分。
它们能够改变词的意义、词性以及构建新的单词。
掌握常见的英语词缀对于提高单词理解能力和扩大词汇量非常重要。
本文将对英语常见的前缀和后缀进行详细解析,以帮助读者更好地理解和运用这些词缀。
第一章:前缀前缀是附加在单词前面,用于改变单词意义或构建新的单词。
以下是一些常见的前缀及其意义:1. Un-:表示否定或相反,如unhappy(不快乐)、unfair(不公平)。
2. Re-:表示再次或重复,如rewrite(重写)、replay(重播)。
3. Dis-:表示否定、分离或相反,如dislike(不喜欢)、disagree(不同意)。
4. Mis-:表示错误、错误地或误导,如misunderstand(误解)、mislead(误导)。
5. Pre-:表示在之前、提前或优先于某事发生,如preheat(预热)、prepay(预付)。
6. Ex-:表示超出、出去或除去某事物,如exceed(超过)、exclude(排除)。
第二章:后缀后缀是附加在单词后面,用于改变单词的词性或构建新的单词。
以下是一些常见的后缀及其意义:1. -er:用于构建名词,表示某人或某物的人或物,如teacher (教师)、writer(作家)。
2. -able:用于构建形容词,表示能够或可以接受某种行为或状态,如comfortable(舒适的)、readable(可读的)。
3. -ing:用于构建动名词或形容词,表示正在进行某种动作或状态,如running(跑步)、exciting(令人兴奋的)。
4. -ment:用于构建名词,表示某种行为、过程、状态或结果,如development(发展)、achievement(成就)。
5. -ly:用于构建副词,表示以什么方式进行某种动作或状态发生得怎样,如quickly(快速地)、happily(快乐地)。
第三章:常见应用英语常见的前缀和后缀可以应用在各个领域和语境中。
完整word版,高中英语词汇最常用前后缀
Ⅰ.前缀re-re-是最常用的前缀之一。
它能够加在名词或动词前面,组成新的名词或动词。
re-表示以下三方面的意义:1.表示 " 回 "或 "向后 " 的意思。
比如: return (回来,返回) recall(回想,召回) retract(缩回,取回)2.表示 " 再 "、 " 从头 " 、 " 重复 "的意思。
比如: review (复习) reunion (团聚,重聚) restart (从头开始) reconstruction (重修)3.表示 " 相反 "、 "反对 " 的意思。
比如: rebel(反叛,谋反) reverse(反转,颠倒) resist(抗争,抵挡)Ⅱ.前缀de-与 dis-前缀 de-来自拉丁语,意为"away from",因此这个前缀的意义之一就是"走开"、"出"。
它组成的词有必定规律性,常表 " 走开 " 这一深层观点,并且常与介词 from 等搭配,比如:dethrone (废黜) deport(驱赶出境) deduce(推测) derail(脱轨)Delete his name from the list of members .把他的名字从成员名单上除掉。
The train will depart from platform 2.这列火车将从 2 号站台发车。
此外,前缀 de-还表示 " 除掉 " 、 " 撤消 " 以及 " 否认 " 、 " 非" 、 " 相反 " 的意思。
比如: decamp (撤营) decode(解码) deforest(砍伐丛林) decolonize(非殖民化) devaluation (贬值)He has been degraded from public office .他已经被排除公职。
英语词汇词根、前后缀汇总
emigrate移居国外
elect选出
emerge浮出,出现
erupt喷出
evade逃出
ef- ==出、离去
effluence流出
effable能被说出的
effoliation落叶
em- ==表示“置于...之内”、“上...”
embay使(船)入湾
embus上车,装入车中
embosom藏于胸中,怀抱
euphonic声音优美的
eupepsia消化良好
euthenics优境学
ex- == out;out of
exclusive不包括...的
expose揭露
emit发射出
export出口,输出
exclude排外,排斥
excavate挖出,挖掘
corrugate使起皱纹
counter-== opposite
counterrevolutionary反动的
countermeasure对策,应策
countercurrent逆流
countermarch反方向行进
counterattack反攻,反击
countercharge反控,反告
de- == down from
ab- == from;away from
abnormal不正常的
abroad国外的
abuse滥用
absorb吸去
abaxial离开轴心的
abend异常终止
ac- == at;to,或表示加强意义
accustom使习惯
account计算,算帐
accredit信任
accompany陪伴
acclaim欢呼,喝彩
decigram十分之一克
英文单词前缀
英文单词前缀英文单词前缀是构成英语单词的重要元素之一,它可以改变单词的含义,起到强调、否定、加强等作用。
在英语中,常见的前缀有很多种,比如"un-"表示否定,"re-"表示重新,"pre-"表示在前面,"anti-"表示反对等。
首先,我们来看一些常见的前缀及其含义。
比如,"un-"通常表示否定,比如"unhappy"意思是不开心,"re-"表示重新,比如"redo"意思是重做,"pre-"表示在前面,比如"preview"意思是预览,"anti-"表示反对,比如"antifreeze"意思是防冻剂。
通过这些前缀,我们可以更好地理解单词的含义,扩大我们的词汇量。
其次,前缀在英语中还可以起到加强的作用。
比如,"super-"表示超级,"mega-"表示巨大,"ultra-"表示超级,通过这些前缀,我们可以强调事物的特点,使语言更加生动有趣。
比如,"superstar"表示超级明星,"megacity"表示巨大城市,"ultraviolet"表示紫外线,这些词语在我们的日常生活中经常可以见到。
另外,前缀在英语中还可以帮助我们识别词性,比如"un-"通常用在形容词前,表示否定,"re-"通常用在动词前,表示重新,"pre-"通常用在名词前,表示在前面,"anti-"通常用在名词前,表示反对。
通过识别前缀,我们可以更好地理解单词在句子中的作用,提高我们的阅读和写作能力。
总的来说,英文单词前缀在英语中起着非常重要的作用,它可以改变单词的含义,起到强调、否定、加强等作用,帮助我们扩大词汇量,更好地理解和运用英语。
英语词语前后缀
一、改变词性的前缀前缀一般不改变词根的词性,但有少数例外。
如:1. 前缀be-前缀be-可以加在名词或形容词上,派生出及物动词。
例如: befriend (be- +名词) v 使成为朋友;帮助 behead (be-+名词) v 斩首, 砍头 belittle (be- +形容词) v 轻视, 贬低, 小看2. 前缀en-前缀en-更为常用,加在名词或形容词上转变成动词,表示to put (make) into(置于,使成为)。
例如:enable (en- +形容词) v 使能够 endanger (en- +名词) v 危及em-是en-的变体,用在以字母b、p为首字母的词前,与en-的作用是一样的。
例如:empower (en- +名词) v 授予(某人)权力 embody (en- +名词) v 包括;体现3. 前缀a-a-是一个常见的前缀,有两大类用法。
(1)不改变原词的词性加在名词或形容词上,表示缺乏某种性质。
例如: abyss(深渊;无底洞)。
(2)改变原词的词性前缀a-加在动词上,可派生出形容词。
例如: aglimmer (a- +动词)闪烁的前缀“a-”加在名词上,也可派生出形容词或副词。
例如: aboard (a- +名词)(副词)在船、飞机或汽车上 asleep (a- +名词)(形容词)正睡着;(四肢)发麻,麻木二、前缀变体有一些前缀看起来是不同的,但实际上是同一个前缀的不同形式,称为前缀变体。
由于该前缀后接的词或者词根的首字母不同而产生变化,前缀的最后一个字母与其后面词根的首字母出现同化现象,这种现象称为前缀变异同化现象。
例如:前缀in-是很常用的,表示“向内,入内”、“在上”,或表示否定等意义。
ir-、 il-、im-是它的变体形式。
例如:in-active (不活跃的) in-adequate(不足够的) ig-noble(不光彩的,可耻的) ig-norant (无知的,愚昧的) il-legal (违法的,非法的) il-logical (不合乎逻辑的) ir-responsible(难以辨认的,难读的) ir-regular(不规则的) im-balance(失调,不均衡) im-practical (不适用的) im-mobile (不活动的,固定的)【规律】当in-后接的词以字母n开头时,变为ig-;当in-后接的词以字母l开头时,变为il-;当in-后接的词以字母r开头时,变为ir-;当in-后接的词以字母m、b、p开头时,变为im-。
英语词汇常用的词性前缀
第一部分:常用前缀ab-离开ad-朝,向,去co=con=cor=com=col=cal-一起,表示加强de-向下dis-分开,散开ex-向外in-,un-,an-不,无,没有In-,en-在内,进入,使ob-朝,先,去per-穿过,通过pre-在前,提前pro-向前,超前re-向后,往回,再次,重新sub-在下super-在上,超过,超级syn,sym-一起,共同,相同trans-穿过,通过-ter-表比较第二部分:一般常用前缀ambi- amphi-两边,周围ana-向上,向后ante-,anti-在前,提前anti-相对,相反apo-离开arch-原始,古老,最初,首要be-表状态bene-好,美好bi-,bin-二,两by-旁边,附近,周围caco-坏,糟糕calli-美丽,漂亮cata-向下circum-周围centi-百,百分之cross-横穿,穿过,通过,交叉cyber-网络,计算机deca-,deci-十,十分之一demi-半di-,du-二,双dia-穿过,通过down-向下dys-坏,差epi-在上,在后equ-相等,相同eu-好,优fore-在前,提前giga-十亿grand-巨大,大half-半,部分hemi-semi-半holo-全部,整个homo-同样,同一hyper-在上,超过,过度hypo-在下,低于,少于infer-,infra-在下,低于iso-相等,等同kilo-chili-千macro-长,大,宏观matri-metro-母亲,妈妈mal-坏,差mega-巨大,百万meso-mezzo-中间meta-改变,转变,在上,超越micro-微,小mid-中间,期间milli-千,千分之一,毫mini-迷你,微型mis-坏,错,不好miso-厌恶mono-单,一multi-多neo-新onon-不,无,没有off-离开oligo-寡,少omni-全on-在上ortho-直,正确out-向外,在外over-在上paleo-古,老,遥远Pan-全,全部pater-,patri-父亲para-在旁,旁边pen-接近peri-围,绕,周围poly-多post-在后pseudo-撒谎,虚假,欺骗quadr-,quart-,tetra-四(该节包含五,六,七,八,九)quasi-类,半se-分开,分离self-自身she-母的sino-中国step-后,继tele-远tri-,ter-三under-在下uni-一up-上vice-副,代替with-向后,往回,相对,相反xeno-外来的,外国的yester-昨日,往昔。
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英语词汇前缀一、上(向上,在上);下(向下,在下)1 . ana-来源:G. ana-,来自ana, up, on向上,在上变形:元音之前变为an-,女口anode含义:⑴up, upward向上,向上的,向上地anabatic向上的,向上运动的(2) back, backward 在后,向后的ananym倒写名字(3) again, anew再,重新,以一种新的或不同的方式(现现)anabiosis 复苏2. cata-来源:G. kata-,来自kata,down向下变形:元音与h之前变为cat-,女口cation,cathode 含义:⑴down向下catabiotic 衰变的(2) against,back,opposite 相反,向后,相反的catabaptist反对洗礼的人(3) wholly,thoroughly 整个地,彻底地(用以加强原意)cataclastic 碎裂的3. epi-来源:G. epi-,来自epi,on,up,to在上,向上,向变形:元音与h之前变为ep-,女口epoch,ephemeral 含义:upon,besides, near to,over,after,outer,anterior,prior to 在上,加之,靠近,向上,在后,外边的,在,之前,在先的epibiotic残骸,残遗物4. up-来源:M. E. up,upward 向上含义:in an upward direction,up 向上,在上upgrade 提高等级5. down-来源:M. E. doun,来自O. E. adune (a-dune,hill ),off or from the hill 下山含义:down,in a downward direction 向下,在,下downcast下落,陷落6. a-来源:0. E. a-,an,on 在上含义:⑴on,in,at在,上,在,中,在abed在床上(2) in (such) a state or condition 在,情况或状态中afire燃烧着(3) in (such) a manner处于,方式aloud高声地,出声地(4) in the act of,in the process of 处于某种行动或过程中a-hunting打猎中7. on- 来源:O. E. on,an,on 在,上含义:on在,上onlooker旁观者二、过(过,上,超,高,特);不及(不及,下,亚,次,稍)1. super-来源:L. super-,over,above,in addition 过,高于,加I之;来自super,to or in a positionhigher than,over,处于更高的位置,过含义:(1) (a) (i) over,above,higher in quantity,quality or degree,more than 过,高于,在数量、质量、程度上高于、多于superstandard 高标准(ii) in addition ,extra 附加的,额外的supernumerary多余的;多余者(iii) of a secondary character 某种次特征的superparasitism重寄生现象(b) in excessing degree or intensity,exceeding a normal过度的,加强的,超过标准superingenious极度机灵的(c) surpassing all or most others of its kind or class (as in power,size or complexity )(在威力、形态、复杂性等方面)超群同种类中全部或大多数的superbomber超级轰炸机(2) (a) situated or placed above,on the top of,specifically situated on the dorsal side of 位于或置于上面或项上的,尤指位于背部顶上的supertower 塔顶(b) next above or higher 次高,较高superoctave 高八度音(3) having an additional dimension 比,在形体上更增大的supersized超大型的(4) (a) consisting a more inclusive category than that specified含有包容比所述者更大的范畴的superfamily 总科(b) superior in status, title or position 在地位、头衔、职位上更高的supersovereign高级统治者2. sub-来源:L. sub- under,below,form below up,near,further,after在下,低于,从上而下,接近,较远,在后变形:(1) c,f,g,m,p,r前,分别变为suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sup-,sur- 如succeed,suffix ,suggest,summate,support ,surrender (2) t 以及一些c,p 之前变为sus-,如sustain,susceptible,suspend (3) sc,sp 之前,略去b,成为su-,如suspect 含义:(1) under,below ,beneath 在下,低于,在下面subsoil 底土,下层土(2) (a) subordinate,secondary,next lower than or inferior to ,of lower rank 亚于,次于,次低于或劣于,低级别的subcenter 子中心,副中心(b) (i) subordinate portion of ,subdivisionof ,derived from 次要部分的,细分部分的,从, 派生的subdistrict 小区(ii) with repetition (as of a process),so as to form ,stress or deal with subordinate parts or relations ,further,again 在形成、强调或处理次要部分或关系中,进行(如过程的)重复,更进一步地,再次地subclassify 再细分(3) somewhat,slightly ,less than completely or perfectly ,inadequately,less than normally 有点,略微,略少,不充分地,少于正常地subacid 微酸的(4) (a) almost,nearly 差不多,近似,接近subabdominal 近腹部的(b) fallen nearly in the category of and often adjoining ,bordering upon 差不多已是这个范畴,并且常常表示临近,近似subadult 差不多已成人(c) immediately following ,after 紧跟,随后successive 后继的3.hyper-来源:G. hyper-,来自hyper,相当于L. super- 含义:(1) over,above,beyond 高于,超过,相当于super- hyperbarbarous 极残暴的(2) overmuch ,excessively 太多,过,过分地,相当于extrahyperacid 胃酸过多的(3) excessive in extent or quality 在范围与性质上过大、过甚hyperesthesia 感觉过敏4.hypo-来源:G. hypo-,来自hypo,相当于L. sub- 含义:(1) under,beneath,down 在下,在下面,低于hypodermic 皮下的(2) less than normal or normally 低于正常的(地)hypocalcemia 血钙过低5.supra- 来源:L. supra-,above,on,top,beyond,further back,earlier 高于,在上,上端,超出,更后,较早含义:(1) above,higher than 处于上部,高于supraorbital 眼眶上的(2) transcending 超越supranational 超国家的(3) prior to 先于supralapsarian 前定论者6.infra-来源:L. infra ,below,beneath 低于,在下面含义:(1) below,lower in status than 低于,地位低于infraglacial 冰底的(2) within 在, 内infraterritorial 本土内的(3) below in a scale or series 在尺度或系列中处于下位的infrasonic 次声(频)的(4) below or beneath 低于,在下面infracoastal 肋骨以下的7.subter-来源:L. subter,secretly,under,below 隐蔽在,在下,低于含义:under,below,secretly 在下,低于,隐蔽地subternatural 逊于天然的8.sur-来源:O. F. sour-,sur-来自L. super含义:(1) over 超,高于,加上,相当于supersurface 表面(2) excessive 过度的surexcitation 兴奋过度(3) above,up 在上,向上surbase基柱上的饰物9.over-来源:O. E. ofer,over 在上,过于含义:(1) too 过,太(尤用于来自形容词的形容词) overbold 过于大胆的(2) too much 过多(尤用于来自名词或动词的名词或动词)overact 演得过火(3) over,on,outside 在上,在外overshoe 套鞋10.under-来源:O. E. under,under 在下,少于含义:(1) worn ,placed,situated,etc. under 穿于下面,放在下面,位于下部等(尤用于名词之前) underclothes 内衣裤(2) not sufficiently ,not so much as necessary 不足,比需要的少些(尤用于动词之前) underact 不卖力的表演三、内(在内,向内,进内) ;外(在外,向外,出外)1.in-来源:L. in-,in 在内,向内,进入变形:(1) 在b,m,p 以前变成im- ,如imbalance,immoral ,import (2) 在l,r 以前变成il- ,ir- ,如irrigate (3) 在gn 前变成i- ,如ignorance(4) 偶尔还可见其延伸式indu- ,如industry含义:(1) in , within , inward, into , toward, on 内,在内,向内,进入,向,在上inject 投入,注射(2) 与en-同义,使,,加以,,饰以,,放进去,提供illucidate 使清楚,阐明(3) 加强原意illustrate 说明,表明2.en-来源:0. F. en-,来自L. in-变形:b,m,p前通常变为em-,女口embus,emmarble,empower含义:(1) put into ,put on to ,cover or surround with ,go into or on to 置于,内,置于,上,盖以,,环以,,进入,登上——加在名词前变动词encradle 放进摇篮中(2) cause to be 使之——加在形容词或名词之前,成为动词,有时加在动词前,这种动词有时还有后缀-en,女口emboldenenglad 使乐(3) provided with 供以——加在名词前成为动词encollar 上领子(4) so as to cover or surround ,thoroughly 盖住或包围,彻底地——加在其含义与之稍有差别或不全相同的动词前变成新动词enwrap 包入,卷入3.en-来源:L. en-,来自G en-,来自en,in在内变形:b,m,p前通常变为em-,女口embatholithic 含义:in ,within ,inside 内,在内,内面endermic皮下的4.endo-来源:F. endo-,来自G endon-,within,at home 在,内,在家变形:有时元音前为end-,女口endergonic含义:与exo-相反⑴within,inside 在,内,内面endoscope内窥镜(2) taking in,requiring 吸,收,与exo-相反endotherm 吸热5.eso-来源:G. eso-,来自eso, within在内含义:within 内部的,在内的esotropia 内斜眼6.intra-来源:L. intra ,within(position ,the mind,thoughts,the space of),inside(position,aperiod of time);without passing beyond,onthis side of;without exceeding,within a limitor restriction ;confined to 在(位置,心、思维、空间)内,在(位置、期间)之内,未跨越,在,的这边,未超过,在某界限或限度之内,限于含义:(1) (a) within 在,内,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intraclass 同类的(b) between layers of 层间,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intracutaneous 皮内的(c) during 期间,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intrafebrile 发热期间的(d) underneath 在下,尤用于形容词组成的形容词intrasonic 超低频的(2) 进入内部的,与intro-同义intramascular 注入肌肉的(3) internal 内部的intraselection 内部选择说7.intro- 来源:L. intro ,inwardly ,to the inside 内向地,向内地,与extro- 相反含义:(1) in ,into 内,进入introjection 投入的行动(2) inward,within 向内,在,内,与extro- 相反introvert 内向,内省8.ex-来源:L. ex-,out,away,throughout,thoroughly,achievement,up;it also hasprivative force 外,出外,向,离去,彻底地,完成,向上;它也有“缺少”或“除外”的含义变形:(1)元音和c,p,q,s,t前,取ex-形,有时s 前的exs-变成ex-或es-,如口expect (2) b,d,g,j ,l,m,n,r,v前变为e-,如口ebullition,edition ,egregious,eject,elect,emission,enervate,erect,evohuate (3) f 前变为eff- ,如effuence含义:(1) out of ,away form ,outside of 在, 外,从, 离去,在,之外elect 选出,选举(2) without ,lacking 没有,缺exalate 无翅的(3) 加强原意exalt 增高,使升高(4) out of( the office or condition ),former 脱离(某个职位或状态) ,前, (中间以短划连接) ex-president 前总统9.exo-来源:G. exo-, out of, out, outside of, outside在,外,外,在, 外边,外边变形:元音前有时变成ex-,女口exergonic含义:(1) outside, outer,外面,外面的,与endo- 相反,请比较ectoexogamy 外族通婚(2) producing 产生,与endo-相反exothermal 放热的10.ec-来源:G. ek-,out of,outside of,out 在, 外,在, 外边,外边含义:out of,outside of,out 在,外,在,外边,外边eccyesis子宫夕卜孕11.ecto-来源:G. ekto-,outside 外面变形:元音前变为ect-,如ectad含义:(1) outside ,external 外边,外部的(对比endo-,exo-)ectotherm 冷血动物(2) out of place 异位ectocardia 心脏异位12.extra-来源:L. extra,outside,except ,beyond 外边,除却,超出含义:outside,beyond 在, 之外,格外,特,超——尤用于形容词组成形容词extra-urban 市区外的13.extro-来源:L. extro,outside,outward 外面,向外含义:outside, outward外面,向外,与intro-相反extrovert 外向性格的人14.in-来源:O. E. in,in 在内变形:无,注意与前面的in-有区别含义:in 内,在内inland 内地的,国内的15.out-来源:O. E. ut,out 外,在外(参见词根ut) 含义:(1) out,outside,outward,away,from 外,外面,向外,从,离去outdoor 户外的(2) out,indicating exhaustion,extinction 驱逐出,表示耗尽,灭绝outroot 除根(3) over,too much,too excessively 过,过分,太,过多地outsize 过大(4) surpassing 胜过的,无比的outdo 胜过,战胜四、前(在前,在先,优先) ;后(在后,随后,远离,退后,反向,重复)1 .pre-来源:L. prae-,position in front ,ahead,at the end,or temporal precedence;preeminencein the quality (在动词或其派生词前,表示)位置在前,前头,在端点或暂时领先, (在形容词前,表示)有关的性质是超群的含义:(1) (a) (i) earlier than ,prior to ,before 先于,早于,在, 之前(先) ,前predeparture 出发前的(ii) preparatory or prerequisite to 预备的,必须预先具备的premedical 医学预科的(iii) in a formative, incipient or preliminary stage 趋于成形的,初期的,初步的阶段precartilage 前软骨(最终形成软骨)(b) in advance,before-hand 预先,在前prejudge 预先判断(2) (a) in front of ,before 在前,前preamplifier 放置放大器(b) at the front ,anterior,constituting a front part 在前部,在, 之前,构成前面部分preabdomen 前腹部(3) exceedingly 非常地,极度地prenoble 极其高尚的2.preter-来源:L. praeter-,past,by 过去,经过含义:(1) past,by 已过,经过preterit 过去时态(2) beyond the range of,surpassing 超过, 范围,超越preternormal 超过正常标准的3.pro-来源:L. pro-,foreward movement or direction ,downward movement ,action in front ,prominence ;utterance;priority in time andadvantage移前,向前,下移,向前作用,突出;极度;优先,优势含义:(1) (a) earlier than,prior to,before (时间上) 先于,早于,前于,前probaptismal 洗礼前的(b) 原始的,与proto- 同义proanthropus 原人(2) (a) situated before,located in front of,anterior to (空间上)在前,位于前,先于procerebrum 脑的前部(b) front ,anterior 前,先于prothorax 前胸(3) projecting ,action in front 向前投射,向前动作project 射出(4) bringing into open 使公开proclaim 正式公布4.pro-来源:L. pro-,pro,before,in front of ,in behalf of,for,on account of在前,在,前面,代表,为了,为了, 的缘故变形:某些法语源词为pur-( A. F.,来自0. F. por-,pur-,F. pour-,来自L. pro-,f or),女口purchase, purport,purpose,pursue,purvey含义:(1) taking the place of,substituting for 代替,代理pronoun 代名词(2) siding with ,advocating ,favoring ,supporting,championing 与,站在一边,拥护,亲,,支持,为支持他人而奋斗pro-British 亲英的(3) for ,on account of,according to 为了,为了,之故,按照proportion 按比例,比例5.proto-来源:G. protos,before,ahead 在,前,在前面变形:元音前变为prot-,女口protactinium 含义:(1) (a) first in time (时间上)最初,第一protohistoric 史前时代的(b) first in status,chief in rank or importance,principal (地位上)首要, (等级上)主要或显要,主要的protocerebrum 前脑(c) beginning,tending toward,given rise to 开始,趋于,引起protocol 文件原稿,议定书(2)(通常第一个字母大写) 一种或多种语言或方言的母语,一般拼作proto-,后面用一短划与大写的第二部分连接Proto-Arabic 原始阿拉伯语的6.re-来源:L. re-,red-,movement back or in reverse,withdrawal ,reversal of a previous process,restoration,response or opposition,repeated action 向后或反向移动,退后,前一过程的逆过程,复原,反应或相反,重复动作变形:red-,女口redundant含义:(1) movement back or in reverse ,withdrawal (向)后动,反向动,退却rebound 弹回(2) reversal of a previous process,restoration,again,anew前过程的逆过程,恢复,再,重新redo 再做(3) response or opposition 反应,反对rebellion 反叛(4) separation,withdrawal 撤离,离开remove 除去,移去注:下列场合,要在前缀re-与后续部分中间加一短划:(1) 为避免与另一含义不同的词相混淆,如re-create,以别于recreate(2) 后续部分已有一前缀re-,女口re-recover(3) 后续部分以大写字母开头,如re-Christianization7.retro-来源:L. retro-,(1) towards the rear, backwards 向后部,向后(2) (without motion implied) in a position to the rear, behind one, in a position to the rear of, behind (无动作)位置在后,在另一个之后,在后部位置,在后部(3) to the place or in the direction from which one came, back (again)回至U原来的位置或方向, (再)返回(4) in the opposite direction to that normally followed, backward 与循序而行的方向反向,倒退含义:(1) (a) backward, back 向后,后retroject 向后投射(b) back in time, past (时间上)回溯,过去retrodict 倒堆(过去)(2) situated behind (位置)在后retrolingual 舌后的(3) contrary to the usual or natural course, retrograde, back, again 逆反,逆行,逆反应retroinfection 逆传染(4) in return, retroverse 反转,反向,倒转retrovert 使翻转8.ante-来源:L. ante-, in front, in front of, before, forewards, previously 在前面,在, 的前面,在, 之前,向前,先前地含义:(1) (a) prior, precedent, earlier 较早的,在先的,更早的antenatus某时代前出生的人(b) anterior, foreward 在, 之前的, (空间) 向前anteroom 前厅,接待室(2) (a) prior to, earlier than 先于,早于antenatal出生以前的(b) in front of 在, 前面的anteorbital 眼眶前的9.post-来源:L. post-, 来自posterus, behind含义:(1) (a) after, subsequent, later在,之后,此后的,后postentry 后登的(漏)账(b) behind, posterior, following after, 后面,,以后,,随后的postfix 后缀(2) (a) subsequent to, later than 继, 之后的,比, 较后的postabolescence (青年期之后)壮年期(b) behind, posterior to, 后面的,次要的postern 后门,便道10.meta-来源:L. L. & G . meta-,来自meta, after, with,between 在后,紧接着,随后,介于两者之间变形:元音或h前多为met-,女口metencephalic, method含义:(1) (a) between 介于中间,介metastable 暂时稳定的(b) in succession to, occurring later, after 较后发生,随后出现,在后metagenesis世代交替(c) situated behind, posterior 位于后,后面的metacarpal 掌骨(位于腕骨carpal 之后)(d) later or more highly organized or specialized form of 新近出现的,更高层次组合或更特殊形态的metaphyte 后生植物(与protophyte 相对)(e) with, occurring with 有,带有metatype 伴型,次型(2) change in transformation of , 的变化metaplasm 词形变化(3) (a) beyond, transcending 超出,超越(此义从亚里斯多德名著metaphysics 而来),metaphysics 来自G. ta meta ta physika, the works after the physics 意为物理学后的著作,或超物理学 (中国古代叫形而上学或玄学)metaphysics 形而上学(b) of a higher logical type in names formed from names of disciplines and designating new but related disciplines such as can deal critically with the nature, structure or behavior of the original ones 元的,一种更高层次逻辑形式的——加于一种学科名字之前,表示一种新的但与此学科有关的学科,它批判地研究原学科的性质、结构或行为metalanguage 元语言11 .fore- 来源:0. E. fore-,来自fore,在前部含义:(1) (a) at an earlier point in time, beforehand 时间上在先,预先foresee 预见(b) occurring at an earlier point in time, occurring beforehand 发生在先forepaymant 预付(c) being an earlier part of (something stipulated)(某些规定事物的)早先部分foreday 早晨(2) (a) situated at or toward the front, situated in front of something 位在前,向前,位于某些事物的前面foreleg (动物)前腿(b) being the front part of (something stipulated)(某些事物的)前部分forearm 前臂(3) 主要的,首要的foreman 工头12.after- 来源:0. E. aeften, behind 在后含义:(1) after 较后aftereffect 后效,后作用(2) second 二次,再,后after-crop 第二次收获五、在旁边(沿着,平行,靠近) ;越过(穿过,透过,跨过,遍及,远的)1 .para- 来源:L. para-,来自G para-,来自para, beside, contrary to 在旁边,相反于变形:元音前par-,女口paranthropus 含义:(1) (a) beside, along side of 傍,沿, 边paracentral 靠近中心的(b) parallel, parasitic 平行的,并行的,寄生的paragenesis 共生(c) associated in a subsidiary or accessory capacity 能力或能量属于次要的或附加的paramilitary 准军事组织(d) closely resembling the true form, almost 极似真的,差不多的(尤指疾病)para-book 类似书籍的刊物(2) beyond, outside of 超越,在, 之外paranormal 超越正常现象的(3) (a) faulty, irregular or disordered condition, abnormal 有缺陷、不规则或无秩序的状态paranoia 妄想症(b) perversion 反常parabulia 意志力的异常或颠倒2.cis-来源:L. cis-,来自cis, (time) before, (space) on the near side of, (motion) to the near side of, across(时间)在前,(空间)在近端,(动作)向近端,横过含义:(1) on this side, on the nearer side (often with a hyphen)在这一边,在近边(往往加一短划);请与trans-, ultra-作对照cisalpine 在阿尔卑斯山这边(2) nearer in time, since 时间上较近,自, cisatomic 自发现原子以来3.by-来源:O. E. be, bi, by, near旁,近旁,与amphi-, ambi- 有亲缘关系含义:(1) near, at or to the side of 近旁,侧bypass旁路,支路(2) past过去的bygone 过时的,过去的;过去的事(3) aside, in reverse 在一边,反面的byplace 偏僻处,穷乡僻壤(4) secondary, subsidiary, supplementary 其次的,次要的,副的,补充的by-effect 副作用4.be-来源:0. E. b&,来自be, bi, by, near旁,近旁含义:(1) on, around, over 在, 之上,盖在表面上,在, 之四周,从一边到另一边bedaub涂,敷,污染(2) to a great or greater degree, thoroughly 达到一个大的或更大的程度,彻底地——用于使简单动词变成加强语气的动词becudgel 该(棒)打(3) excessively, ostentatively 过分地,夸张地——用于简单动词变为加强语气的动词;也用于词尾为-ed 的形容词之前bedeck 装饰,点缀(4) about, to, at, upon, against, across 在近处或随处,到,在,在, 之上,在相反处,横过——加在不及物动词前变成及物动词bestride 骑乘,跨,跨越(5) make, cause, to be, treat as 使,使之,是,视为——加于形容词或名词之前,变成动词belittle 轻视,蔑视(6) call or dub, esp. excessively 取名或起号,尤指过分夸张地——加于名词之前变成动词belady 如夫人(7) affect, afflict, treat, provide, or cover with, esp. excessively 使受影响、痛楚、虐(或善)待、提供、覆盖以,尤指程度上过分地——加于名词前变为动词,有时加在词尾为-ed 的形容词前befamine 使饥饿5.peri-来源:L. peri-,来自G. peri-,来自peri, to passthrough 通过,穿过含义:(1) near 空间或时间的接perihelion 近日点(2) all around, about, round 四处,到处,四周围,在周围periarctic 北极地区的(3) (a) enclosing or surrounding 包围的,环绕的periderm 外皮(b) tissue surrounding (a sp. part) 环绕某部组织炎症的(用于带后缀-it is 的名称)periarthritis 关节周炎6.per-来源:L. per-, throughout, thoroughly, completely, deviating from, detrimentally 遍及,彻底地,完全地,偏离,有害地;来自per, through, by穿过,傍变形:某些法语源词为par-,如pardon含义:(1) throughout 遍及,全部,贯穿perspective 透视(2) through, by means of 经过,穿过,经由,通过perambulate 步行穿过(3) deviating from 偏离perfidy 背信,不忠(4) 加强原义perplex 使复杂7.dia-来源:L. dia-来自G. dia-, through越过,遍及变形:di- ,用于元音前,如diactinic 含义:(1) through, during 全部,遍及,由此及彼,自始至终diagnose 诊断(彻底弄清)(2) across 横过,穿过diagonal 对角线8.trans-来源:L. trans-, across, beyond, to the other side, through, so as to change 横过,跨越,到另一边,经过,因之改变变形:常在浊辅音前变为tra-,女口trajectory, traduce, traverse; s前常成为tran-,女口transister 含义:(1) (a)across 越过transpolar 跨(北)极的(b) beyond 超出transhuman 超人的(c) through 透过,穿过translucent 半透明的(d) on or to the other side 在或到另一边transpacific 在太平洋彼岸的(e) completeness of change 变化的完成,转变transshape 变形(2) transverse 横向的transverse横卧,横放9.ultra-来源:L. ultra-, 来自ultra, to a point beyond, on the far side, farther off, beyond 向远端的一点,在远端,远离,超出含义:(1) beyond in space, on the other side 空间上的那一边,在另一端,相当于trans-ultratropical 热带那边的(2) beyond the range or limits of, transcending 范围或限度上超越,超越,相当于superultramodern 超现代化的(3) beyond what is common, ordinary, natural, right, proper or moderate, excessively, exceedingly 超乎普通、一般、自然、正当、正常或适度的,过度地,非常地,相当hyperultracomplex 极端复杂的10.tele-来源:G. tel-, tele, far, far off, distant 远的,远离的,遥远的变形:tel-, telo- ,如telautogram, telodynamic 含义:(1) distant, at a distance, over a distance远的,在远处,超过某一距离telegram 电报(2) telegram, television, telephoto, telecommunication 电报,电视,远距摄影,电信teletypewriter 电传打字机六、在中间(在内,相互之间) ;在周围(围绕)1 .medi-, medio- 来源:来自L. medius, middle 中间含义:(1) medial 中间的medial 中间的(2) intermediate 居间的medieval 中世纪的,中古的(3) middle or median plane 中部或中间平面medioventral 腹中部的2.meso- 来源:L., G. meso-,来自G. mesos middle 中间变形:元音前用mes-,女口mesad含义:in the middle, intermediate (as in position, size, type, time, degree)在中间,(位置、大小、型别、时间、程度的)中间或中等的,介于, 之间的mesial 中间的,当中的3.inter-来源:L. inter-,来自inter, within 在,内含义:(1) between, among, in the midst 介于, 间,两者之间interpolar 处于两极之间的(2) mutual, reciprocal 相互,交互interrelation 相互关系(3) between or among the parts of 介于两部分之间intercostal 肋间的(4) carried on between 在, 之间进行或从事的international 国际(间)的(5) carried on between, intervening 在, 间进行的,干扰的interfere 干涉(6) shared by or derived from two or more 为二个或多个(团体、组织等)所共享或从它们派生出来的interdepartmental 各部门间的, (大学的)各秒之间的(7) between the limits of, within 在两个界限之内,在, 之内intertropical 位于热带地区之内的4.circum-来源:L. circum-来自circum, round about (an object or place), nearby, in a circle around, (with motionor of distance) round ,环某物或地方周围,近旁,在圆圈周围, (动作或距离) 环绕含义:(1) around, about, on all sides 围绕,到处circumrotate 绕转(2) around, surrounding, revolving around 在, 四周,周围的,绕着, 转的(3) circumscribed 标出界限,限制,画圈circumscribe 标界5.amphi-来源:L. amphi -, around, on both sides 环绕,两边变形:元音前为amph- ,如amphion 含义:(1) around 环绕amphibology 语义不明确(在真意周围打圈圈)(2) on both sides, of both kinds, both 两边,两种,两者amphivorous 荤素两食的6.ambi-来源:L. ambi, around, on both sides, both 围绕,两边,两者变形:元音前amb-,女口ambit含义:(1) around 环绕ambient 环绕四周的(2) both 两者ambilateral 双方的七、合(在一起,共同,同时) ,分(离)1.con-来源:L. com, 来自cum, along with, together with, with 与, 一道,连同,与变形:(1)元音h, g, n前变为co-,如coaction,coherence, cognate (2) b, m, p 前,变为com-,如combine, commemorate, compatriot (3) l 前变为col- ,如collaboration (4) r 前变为cor-,如correlation含义:(1) collection or simultanously 聚在一起,同时地convention 大会,会议(2) joint action 共同行动colloquy 交谈,谈话(3) connexion or partnership 连接或合伙关系consort 配偶,夫妻(4) enclose or containing 围绕或包含conception 怀孕,构思(5) intensify of action 动作的加强 (起加强原义作用)constant永恒,经常的(6) completeness完全性(起加强原义作用) complete 完全的,全部的2.co-来源:L. com-,与O. E. ge-有亲缘关系,后者表示perfective, associative, collective 完成的,联合的,聚集的含义:(1) with, together, joint, jointly, shared, mutual, mutually 与,一起,共同的,共同,共同地,共有的,互相的,互相地coaction (生物)共同的行动(2) in or to the same degree 在或趋于同一程度coconcious 意识到同样事物的(3) (a) fellow, partner 同伴,合伙者coconspirator (共谋的)阴谋家(b) having an usually lesser share in duty or responsibility, alternate, deputy 责任和义务较少的,轮流的,代表,代理人copilot 副驾驶员(4) (a) operating together, or reciprocally 相互起作用的,互惠的,相互的coterm 互相适应的(b) of the complement of an angle 余角的cosine 余弦3.syn-来源:M. E sin-, syn-,来自L. syn-,来自G. syn-,来自syn, with, together with, by means of, atthe same time as与,与,一起,籍,与,同时变形:(1) b, m, p 前为sym-,女口symbol, symmetry, symphony (2) l 前为syl-,女口syllable (3) s, z前为sy-,如system, syzygy含义:(1) with, along with, together 与,与, 一道,在一起synod 讨论会(2) at the same time 同时synod (天文)会合(3) like, associated 相似的,相连的syndrome 并发症,综合症4.se-来源:L. se, sed, apart, aside, sometimes privative 分离,靠近,有时有“除外”的含义含义:(1) apart, aside 分离,靠边secede退出,脱离(2) privative 除外的,否定的secure无虑的,安心的八、来自;去向1 .ab-来源:L. ab-, from, away from; off; at a distance;completely, thoroughly 从,(出发) ,向,,离去,在某个距离处,完全地,彻底地变形:(1) abs,女口abstract (2) a-,女口avert 含义:(1) from, departing from, away, off, at a distance, outside of 从, ,从, 离去,向, 离去,在某个距离处,在, 之外abnoraml 反常(2) completely, thoroughly 完全地,彻底地(起加强原义作用) absorb 吸收(3)从absolute (绝对的)一词转用到公制的电磁单位abampere绝对安培2.apo- 来源:G apo-,来自apo, from, away 从,出发,向,离去变形:ap-,用于元音或h 之前,女口apastron, aphelion 含义:(1) away, from, off, remove off 向,离去,从, 出发,离去,移去aphelion 远日点(2) detached, separate 离开的,分开的aporrhea流出,析出(3) 用以加强原义aphorism (从某一见解完全分出的简要语)格言、警语3.ad-来源:L. ad-, motion to or against, direction towards, placing on or against, nearness or presence, intensification 动向,背向,指向,置于其上,到达,靠近或在场,加强原意变形:凡来自拉丁语源的词,(1) 在c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t 之前分别变为acc-, aff-, agg-, all-, ann-, app-, arr-, ass-, att-,女口account, affix, aggravate, allocation, announce, appoint, arrange, assimilate, attract (2) 在k, q 之前常变为ack-, acq-,女口acknowledge, acquire (3) 在sc, sp, st, gn 之前,d 常被略去,成为asc-, asp, ast-, agn-,女口ascension, aspiration, astride, agnostic (4) m 前之adm-有时变为amm-,女口ammunition含义:(1) (motion) to, toward (动)至,(动)向adduce 引用,引证,说明(2) placing on or against 置于, 上,背靠affix 附加,贴上(3) near, adjacent to (常用ad-形)接近,靠近adoral 靠近嘴的,口旁的(4) 对原意的加强admixture 混杂(5) reaching 到达arrive 到达,达到(某地),到达 (成年),活到(多少岁),达成(决议) ,谈妥(交易)4.de- 来源:来自L. de-, from away, down 从, 出发,向, 离去,向下含义:(1) remove•…from, away from, removal, destroy from 从, 除去,自, 离去,除去,从, 毁掉dehorn 去牛角(2) get off of (a special thing) 从(某事物)离去,下来debus 下公共汽车(3) motion down from or away 从, 移下或移去depress 压下(4) thoroughness or completeness (用于加强原意,表示)彻底性,完全性delimit 划界限(5) cause to cease使停止de-energize 断电,停电5.ob-来源:L. ob-, to, toward, before, against, over,completely 至,向,在前,背,相反,过(份),完全地变形:(1)在c, f, p 之前,变为occ-, off-, opp-,如occur, offend, oppose (2) 在m 之前变为o-,女口omit (3)个别的p前,变为o-,如opaque;个别的t前为os-,女口ostentation含义:(1) to, towards, in the direction of 到,向,在, 方向Occident (太阳落向)西方(2) in front of, against 在, 之前,相反,靠occasion (落在前面)机会(3) in reverse order, inverse 反顺序,反的,倒的opposition 反对,敌对(4) over, completely 过,过分,完全地obses (吃的过分)胖子(5) to intensify the original meaning 用以加强原义oppress 压迫九、相反;反向1 .contra-来源:L. contra-,来自contra , against 含义:(1) against, contrary, contrasting, inopposition 相对,相反,对比,反对contradict 反驳,驳斥(2) pitched below normal bass 低于正常低音contrabassoon 低音巴松管2.counter-来源:M. E. counter-,来自M. F. contre-, conter-来自L. contra , against 相反含义:(1) (a) contrary, opposite, adverse 相反的,相对的,反面的countercurrent 逆流(b) opposing, retaliatory, answering 反对的,报复的,回答的counterblow 反击(2) complementary, corresponding, alternate 互补的,相应的,交替的counterpart 相应的东西(3) duplicate, substitute 复本,副本,代替的人或物counterfoil 票根,支票存根3.anti-来源:L. anti -, against 相反,反对变形:元音或h前,通常作ant-,如口antarctic, anthelion 含义:(1) (a) one oppose the claims of, rival, spurious 对于某种主张的反对者,竞争对手,虚假的antisoical 对社会主义怀有敌意的(b) of the same kind but situated opposite, exerting energy in the opposite direction or pursuing an opposite policy 站在同类中的反面的,向反方向使劲或追求一种相反的政策的antischool 对立学派(c) one that is opposite in kind to 种类、性质、方法上的相反anticyclone 高气压(2) (a) opposing or hostile to in opinion, sympathy or practice 在信念、同情心或实践中处于反面或敌对的antidemocratic 反民主的(b) opposing in effect or activity, inhibiting, preventing, counteracting 在效果或活动上是相反的,阻止的,防止的,抵消的antiacid 抗酸(3) not 不antilogical 不合逻辑的(4) serving to prevent, cure or alleviate (a pathological condition) 用于防病、治病或消痛的antiarthritic 治关节炎的(5) opposing or neutralizing another substance 对另一物质起相反或中和作用的antibody 抗体(6) combating, destroying, defending against抗战斗、抗破坏、抗防御的antimine 防地雷的4.un-来源:O. E. un-, on-,为and-之变形,意为against 相反含义:(1) (a) do the opposite of, reversal (a sp. action) 作相反或逆向动作——加在动词前undress脱去衣服,披露(b) cause to cease to使停止-- 力口在动词前unbe使不再是(2) (a) deprive of, remove (a sp. thing) from, remove 使丧失,自, 除去,除去——加在名词前成动词unflesh 变瘦,消瘦(b) release from, free from 自, 释放或摆脱——加在名词前成动词unhand 放掉,把手从, 移开(c) remove from, extract, bring out of 从, 除去,拔取,显现出——加在名词前成为动词,比较de-, disunbosom 吐露(d) cause to cease to 使止——加在名词前成动词,比较dis-(3) completely 完全地(加强语义),比较dis- unloose放松,释放5.for-来源:O. E. for- (1) out, away, un-,在外,离去,与un-相当,(2) altogether 全部地含义:(1) so as to involve prohibition, exclusion, omission, failure or refusal 含有禁止、排除、删除、失败或拒绝的意思forbid 禁止,不许(2) completely, excessively, to exhaustion, to pieces完全地,过分地;耗尽,成碎片forspent 耗尽的,破烂的6.with-来源:O. E. with, against, opposite, toward, with 相反,反面,向,具有含义:(1) against, opposite 相反withdraw 取回,撤回,撤退(2) toward, with 向,具有within 在, 之内,在内,在内部7.de-来源:L. dis-, separation, dispersal, reversal 分离,散开,反转,倒退含义:do the opposite of, reverse of 做相反的, ,反其道而行之decode (编码的反义)解码8.dis-来源:M. E. dis-, des-,来自L. dis-, commonly,signifies separation, dispersal, sometimes alsoinvolving the reversal of a previous process. Anintensifying force is apparently colloquial 通常表示分离,散开,有时也包括某过程的逆过程,在口语中有加强的含义变形:(1) di-,用于拉丁语源词d, g, l, m, r, v之前,有时s, j 之前,如didactic, digress, diligent,diminish, direct, diverse, dispirit, dijudicate (2)dif-,用于拉丁语源词f之前,如differ,diffuse⑶des-为M. E.或O. F.语源词前缀,用于元音与h之前,如deshabille,但有例外,即在非元音前也用,如despatch含义:(1) (a) do the opposite of, reverse (a sp. action) 做相反的,逆反(某一动作)disjoin 拆散,分开(b) deprive of (a sp. character, quality or rank), deprive of (a sp. object) 使丧失(某种特性,性质或地位),剥或脱去(某物)discourage使失去勇气(c) exclude or expel from 自, 排除或逐出disbar 逐出法庭(2) opposite of, contrary of, absence of 对立的,相反的,欠缺的disunion 不统一,分裂(3) not 不dishonest 不诚实的(4) completely 完全地(加强原意)disannul 取消,作废(5) (来自民间语)相当于dys-,反常的,有困难的disfunction (dysfunction) 功能障碍。