苏州大学研究生期末英语考试重点

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Unit 11. If you are trying to learn another language, you can’t allow your inhibitions(拘束感) tocontrol our progress. You must be confident and willing to make mistakes.2. Nigel tells some quite incredulous(不可信的) stories sometimes. I never know when tobelieve him.3. When traveling to certain tropical countries, find out what diseases are endemic (地方性的)to the region and take the necessary medications.4. When Olivia, whose grandparents are from Spain, visited the country for the first time, shehad an eerie (怪异的)feeling that she had been there before.5. Although traveling can be exhausting, I always feel exhilarated (兴奋的)when I arrive in anew country.6. After spending several days hiking across the mountains with little food and water, Chen’sspeech was slurred and he did not appear lucid.(明白的)7. Every New Year’s Eve, James loves to get decked out (装扮)in his party hat and clothes.8. There are many amazing places to see in Egypt, but the Temple of Karnac, in Luxor, iscertainly one of the most awe-inspiring (令人惊叹的)sights I have ever seen.9. We planned to have a barbecue last night, but the temperature plummeted (垂直下落)inthe afternoon so we ended up eating indoors with the heater turned on.10. I’ve found that in most countrie s the local people are quite gracious. (亲切的，有礼貌的)They want visitors to leave with wonderful impressions of their country.Unit 21. Green plants elaborate(使简单的物质合成) organic(有机体) compounds from inorganicby means of photosynthesis（光合作用）.2. Many court cases in the past 15 years havs shown that a competent physician who carriesout euthanasia(安乐死) will suffer no prosecution(起诉).3. Euthanasia has been a very controversial(有争议的) issur in Europe since at least 1936.4. The facts he had collected through on-the-spot(当场) observation provided him withammunition(论证，事实根据) for his argument.5. We will never take compassion(怜悯) on snake-like scoundrels(恶棍).6. 76% of those who participated in the poll gave almost the same response. (反应)7. John’s arthritis(关节炎) is getting so unbearable these days that he has to behospitalized(送医院，使留医).8. Hatred against those spreading rumors about him surged up within him. (兴起的，高涨的)9. Despite some exceptions, compassionate killings are dealt with very moderately in Britishcourts. (适度的，有节制的)10. The advocates of euthanasia have been working with such great zeal that they are regardedas quite radical in some European countries. (热情)Unit 31. Very many of the things we bend over backwards(拼命) to do involve taking some risk.2. Joe said that the first time he was at the conference he was just like a babe in the woods.(小孩)3. Sometimes, even a chance(随意的) remark may result in tragedy.4. The odds(机会) are usually in favor of those who are brave enough.5. Mind you: she always smites with her tongue(血口喷人).6. Dick is not the kind of person who likes to splash his money about(挥霍).7. You can rest assured(确信无疑) that the sum is not always shinning on him.8. I asked him to beat a hasty retreat(悬崖勒马) but my words were like water off a duck’sback.Unit 41. I don’t want to get involved with that sort of event.2. Humorous writers often touch our hearts with their writings.3. If you litter, you will spoil the natural beauty of the surroundings.4. Consumers help boost more jobs and help boom the economy.5. Sandra doesn’t seem to get on nicely with her new boss.6. Employees usually take care not to get cross with their bosses.7. A friction(爱挑剔的) manager is also fond of flinging mud at(恶言) other people.8. She didn’t seem to understand you, so you should have a heart-to-heart talk with her.9. Don’t be disappointed. There’s still a profusion(丰富) of chances for you to mend fencewith her.10. Sandra bite her tongue off whenever she thought of her rudeness at the party.Unit 51. This high tech is more of a bane(灭亡) than a boon(福音) for mankind.2. He listened to these small-town anecdotes(轶事) with contempt.3. George resented returning to this kind of mundane(世俗的) routine.4. Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.5. To me that’s what is really intriguing(好奇) about him.6. All the schools in the city were closed during the epidemic(流行病) of scarlet fever.7. Mother was in the midst of a bout(一阵子) of house cleaning.8. His hatred of her was almost pathological(病态的).Unit 61. 1.A bite of wisdom and experience go a long way(大有帮助).2. How？By being older, wiser and asking embarrassing quentions.3. They also give parents and prospective students the opportunity to ask searchingquestions…4. By going to open days, parents and their children can gauge(评价) the culture of theinstitution…5. While not disputing(质疑) the importance of any of these, I had a different agenda:…6. Many universities did their utmost to separate students from their parents…7. So, masquerading(伪装) as a mature student, I often sneaked(潜行) in to the back of thestudent sessions.8. … and the chap at University of London seemed a bit out of touch(孤陋寡闻).9. And, of course, they deserve almost all the credit(荣耀) when they get in.Unit 71. All men recognize the right of revolution; that is , the right to refuse allegiance(效忠于) to,and to resist, the government, when its tyranny(暴政) or its inefficiency are great andunendurable.2. In an international conference UN Secretary General Kofi Annan says that the freshlyminted plans for Iraq will dissolve as soon as they begin to take shape.3. Victors soon began to flock(涌入) in from county houses, villages and lonely uplands to seethe reception, or if not to see it, at any rate to be near it.4. It seems to me if I were young and in love I should never deem(认为) a man of ordinarycaliber(能力) worthy of my devotion.5. And Mr. Brooke looked so contented and cheerful that Meg was ashamed to lament(悲伤)her hard lot.6. I handled this amazing antiquity(古物) with the greatest possible tenderness(温柔), lest itshould fragment in my hands.7. When it comes to trade in the underdeveloped parts of the world, most Western countrieswant to have a finger in every pie.8. Whilst(同时) the film does become somewhat over-indulgent(放纵的) in parts, itsnostalgic(怀旧) feel is excellently used to make all of us want to hark back to(回想起) the care-free days of childhood.9. Research projects should be relevant to the requirements of the county and should help inimproving the quality of life of the people.10. Legal advice needs to be tailored to specific circumstances, and you should thereforeconsult with an attorney for advice regarding your particular situation.11. Because nomadic(游牧) life style is often unstable and hostile, nomades are always fightingtheir way through harsh elements and foreign territories in the effort to carve out niches(赢得一席之地) for themselves.12. We expect the group consisting of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia still tonotch up(达到) growth of almost 2% this year.Unit 81. “And, madam,” continued she, “she has had the audacity(鲁莽,大胆) to affront(冒犯) yourladyship and to call you ugly—Yes, madam, she called you ugly old cat to my face.”2. The “get-rich-quick” efforts in attempting to achieve and sustain a opulent(富裕的) lifestyle will invariably involve corruption, aggression in humans.3. It was well worth one’s while, even if he had no idea of buying or selling, to loiter(徘徊)through the bazaars and observe the various sorts of traffic that were going forward.4. I can state in all sincerity that I wish nothing but freedom, justice and equality, life, libertyand the pursuit of happiness for all people.5. Elegant Venetian buildings and palaces peer(比得上) over the ancient maze of narrowstreets and labyrinth(错综复杂的) canals(管道、运河) that contrive(巧妙地策划) to make this a unique city.6. No wonder that those who conducted such an infraction(违法) of the rights of humanityshould have sought to veil(掩饰) the enormity(弥天大罪) from the eyes of the world.7. It was the soft, amiable(亲切的) Negro voice, like those I remembered from earlychildhood, with the note of docile(温顺的) subservience(服从) in it.8. Great commanders do not condescend(屈尊) to fight in person but conduct the fieldoperations by orders delivered through aideds-de-camp.9. It was true that her profile was beautiful; it was extraordinary how a girl had such aperfection of outline which took your breath away.10. The painter was sitting before the open window, an easel(画架) in front of him, apalette(调色板) in his left hand, painting with deft(灵巧的), swift touches.Unit 91. The root cause of the grave(严重的) historical error that is undermining(逐渐削弱)American image and interest is the outcome of its misguided foreign policy which isdesigned to favor specific individuals and political groups at the expense of the will andaspirations(强烈愿望) of the general public.2. Afghanistan’s future as a democratic nation hinges on(取决于) the government’s ability toemancipate(解放) Afghan women in all spheres of society.3. Father Claude taught the boy to respect the rights of others, to espouse(支持) the cause ofthe poor and weak and to revere(敬畏) God.4. Some of these lizards(蜥蜴) inhabit the high and damp parts of the islands, but they aremuch more numerous in the lower and sterile(贫瘠) districts near the coast.5. It is an interesting paradox that while Johnson’s reputation as the chief English man ofletters of his age seems secure for all time, his works, for the most part, have long ceased to be read.6. Our village life would have stagnated(停滞) if it had not been for the unexplored forestsand meadows(牧场) which surrounded it.7. Night was falling rapidly, and their predicament(窘境) was rendered doubly worse whenthey could not even find the trail which they had been following.8. The man is mad—quite mad—and we cannot longer jeopardize(冒..危险) our own throatsmerely to humor his crazy and criminal whims(突发奇想).9. What I can say is that the uprising in Iraq will continue and the American public may wellwake up to the deaths of thousands of its sons and daughters.10. He felt the good and bad within himself inextricably(复杂地) mingled and overlapping.Unit 101. Most visitors to Ameri ca’s national parks rarely stray(走失) more than a few yards fromtheir cars or tour buses because it’s easy to be lost in valleys(山谷) and among trees.2. Your children should go out in the fresh air rather than huddling up against the radiator(暖气片) like that.3. She spent the day traipsing(闲逛) round the shops, but found nothing suitable to buy.4. After so many years of hard life experiences, he has formed a habit of keepingreticence(沉默寡言) about his past, which makes his colleagues very suspicious of him.5. She was very tense(紧张的) as she was waiting for the interview because she know therewere a lot of candidates competing for the position in this big company.6. Psychologists(心理学家) were astounded(震惊的) to discover that volunteers in theexperiment were often willing to inflict(把…强加给) pain on others if they were told to.7. Pigeons are gregarious(爱交际的) bird but blackbirds tend to be solitary(独居的).8. People who have been involved in serious accidents often need some counseling(咨询服务) to help them recover from the terrible experiences.9. Passengers without proper documentation will not be allowed to travel in this area.10. She refuses to come down(处罚,批评) squarely(直接地) on either side of the arguments.11. Judging from your examination results, I think that you have grounds for cautions optimismabout getting a university place.12. After looking at all the applications, we reached a tentative(暂定的) conclusion that threeor four people might be worth interviewing.13. A succession of scandals(丑闻) and revelations has undermined the government’sprestige(威信) over the past year.14. If you confide in(信任) someone you can share your feelings and secrets with him becauseyou trust him not to tell other people.15. Hitler’s invasion of Poland led to the tragedy of the Second World War and theHolocaust(大屠杀) is one of the greatest tragedies the world has ever known.16. For this venture to be really successful we must start by mustering(集合) the enthusiasm ofparents, teachers and pupils.17. When Mary’s lost her money during her travel abroad, a friend said to her: “ Console(安慰)yourself—it could have been worse. What if you’d had your passport stolen as well as your money!”18. Five years of psychotherapy [saɪkəʊθerəpi:] (心理疗法) helped him to deal with hischildhood traumas(心灵创伤).19. I really can’t figure out why he has done such a foolish thing for he is always so sensible inhis life and work.20. Her anger, embarrassment and reserve were melted away when she read the letter.Unit 111. It has been alleged that the factory is dumping noxious(有害的) chemicals in the river.2. Odor(气味) can become a problem if the ventilation in the room is inadequate. The newtechnique involves surgeons making small incision(切口) in the skin into which tubes are inserted.3. Social workers have dismissed the government’s latest efforts to sort out the homelessproblem as purely cosmetic(装点门面的).4. Seeing the children in the park prompted(促使) thoughts of his own sons on the other sideof the Atlantic.5. If there are no complications(并发症), the doctor says that she’ll be able to come homewithin two weeks.6. It is one of those glossy magazines with endless pictures of minor celebrities and socialites(社会名流)attending balls.7. “Spitting image” is a British television program which satirizes(讥讽) the political events ofthe past week.8. I hereby certify(证实) that the above information is true and correct.9. I enjoy working in general medicine but I hope to be able to specialize(精通) in the future.10. The money he got from teaching evening classes provides a supplement(额外费用) to hisincome of his job to pay the 10-year housing loan.11. A quarter of all burglaries(入户盗窃) are carried out in the homes whose owners havefailed to take basic precaution(预防措施) to lock doors and windows.12. The agency was not accredited(认可) by the Philippine Consulate to offer contracts toFilippinos abroad.13. He had a suspicion that the certificate was forgery(伪造), but on closer inspection(检查), itseemed OK.14. It was snowing heavily in the mountain area. The drivers were facing the dual(二重的)hazards(危险) of black ice and frozen snow.15. There documents should never leave the room for they are of high confidential(机密的).16. As one of the nation’s premiere(重要的) scientist, he committed to attracting young peopleto science.17. The Beatles’ rise to fame was quite phenomenal(惊人的)—in less than two years it was ahousehold(家喻户晓的) name, for nobody had heard anything like that before. His inability to admit that he is wrong is a flaw(缺点) in his character.18. All luggage’s is screened(检查过的) at the airport to make sure it contains nothing illegal ordangerous.19. She was momentarily(顷刻之间) confused with road signs but soon found out the right wayin the downtown of the big city.20. Somewhere a band was playing and brightly colored flags were fluttering(飘动) in thebreeze.Unit 121. We can’t assume the suspect to be guilty simply because they have decided to remainsilent.2. The group remain steadfast in its support for the new system, even when it was criticizedin the newspapers.3. Among other things, the museum boasts an unrivaled collection of French porcelain.4. People who live in crowded cities often experience breathing problems during the summerwhen high temperature combines with stagnant polluted air.5. The closure of the factory could devastate the lives of thousands of families in the areawhose incomes depend on it.6. Through history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there isintelligent life elsewhere in the universe.7. Northern areas of the country were engulfed by/in a snowstorm last night.8. Some of th e concerns of the 1960’s, such as environmentalism, are received renewedsupport today.9. The television coverage of so many starving people was designed to pick/stir up the publicconscience.10. The detail of her wildlife painting is a testament to her power of observation.11. He has this theory that suffering can ennoble a person’s character.12. The arrival of a group of friends on Saturday infuses new life into the weekends.Unit 1If you are trying to learn another language, you can’t allow your inhibitions to control your progress. You must be confident and willing to make mistakes. (拘束感)Nigel tells some quite incredulous stories sometimes, I never know when to believe him. (不可信的)When traveling to certain tropical countries, find out what diseases are endemic to the region and take the necessary mediations. (地方性的)When Olivia, whose grandparents are from Spain, visited the country for the first time, she had an eerie feeling that she had been there before. (怪怪的)Although traveling can be exhausting, I always exhilarate when I arrive in a new country. (令人兴奋的)After spending several days hiking across the mountains with little food and water, Chen’s speech was slurred and he did not appear lucid. (神智还清醒的)Every New Year’s Eve, James loves to get decked out in his party hat and clothes. (穿着)There are many amazing places to see in Egypt, but the Temple of Karnac, in Luxor, is certainly one of the most awe-inspiring sights I have ever seen. (令人惊叹的，令人敬畏的)We planned to have a barbecue last night, but the temperature plummeted in the afternoon so we ended up eating indoors with the heater turned on. (垂直下落)I’ve found that in most countries the local people are quite gracious. They want visitors to leave with wonderful impressions of their country. (亲切的，有礼貌的)Unit 2Green plants elaborate organic compounds from inorganic by means of photosynthesis. (使简单的物质合成)Many court cases in past 15 years have shown that a competent physician who carries out euthanasia will suffer no prosecute. (检举，起诉)Euthanasia has been a very controversial issue in Europe since at least 1936.(引起争议的，有争议的)The facts he had collected through on-the spot observation provided him with ammunition for his argument.(论证，事实根据)We will never take compassion on snake-like scoundrels.(同情，怜悯)76% of those who participated in the poll gave almost the same response.(反应)John’s arthritis is getting so unbearable these days that he has to be hospitalized.(送医院，使留医) Hatred against those spreading rumors about him surged (up) within him.(兴起的，高涨的) Despite some exceptions, compassionate killings are dealt with very moderately in British courts. (适度的，有节制的)The advocates of euthanasia have been working with such great zeal that they are regarded as quite radical in some European countries.(热情)Unit 3Very many of the things we bend over backwards to do involve taking some risk.(拼命)Joe said that the first time he was at the conference he was just like a babe in the wood.(小孩) Sometimes，even a chance remark may result in tragedy.The odds are usually in favor of those who are brave enough.(机会)Mind you: she always hasty with her tongue. (急的)Dick is not the kind of person who likes to splash his money about.You can rest assured that the sun is not always shine on him.(照耀)I asked him to beat a smite retreat but my words were like water off a duck’s back.(猛打，重击)Unit 4I don’t want to get involved with that sort of event.(复杂难懂的)Humorous writers often touch our hearts with their writings.(触碰)If you litter, you will spoil the natural beauty of the surroundings.Consumers help boost more jobs and help boom the economy.(提升)Sandra doesn’t seem to get on nicely with her new boss.Employees usually take care not to get in Dutch with their bosses.A friction manager is also fond of fling mud at other people.(诽谤，重伤)She didn’t seem to understand you, you should have a heart- to-heart talk with her.(谈心) Don’t be disappointed. There’s still a profusion of chances for you to mend fence with you.(大量，丰富，充沛)Sandra bite her tongue off whenever she thought of her rudeness at the party.(对自己说的话感到愧疚)Unit 5This high tech is more of a bane than a boon for mankind.(祸根)He listened to these small-town Anecdotes with contempt.(轶事，趣闻)George resented returning to this kind of mundane routine.(世俗的)Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.To me that’s what is really intriguing about him.(引起好奇心的，引人入胜的)All the schools in the city were closed during the epidemic of scarlet fever.(流行)Mother was in the midst of a bout of house cleaning.(一回，一阵)His hatred of her was almost pathological.(病态的)Unit 6A bit of wisdom and experience go a long way .(大有帮助)How? By being older, wiser and asking embarrassing question.(令人尴尬的)They also give parents and prospective students the opportunity to ask searching question…(预期的，未来的，可能的)By going to open days, parents and their children can gauge the culture of the institution. (估计，判断,评价)While not disputing the importance of any of these, I had a different agenda: …(辩论)Many universities did their utmost to separate students from their parents. (竭尽全力)So, masquerading as a mature ( very mature ) student, I often sneaked in to the back of the student sessions. (化妆舞会，掩饰物) (淡入，渐现)… and the chap at University of London seemed a bit out of touch. (无从了解)And, of course, they deserve (almost) all the credit when get in. (受之无愧，值得)Unit 7All men recognize the right of revolution; that is, the right to refuse allegiance to, and to resist, the government, when its tyranny or its inefficiency are great and unendurable. (暴政，苛政)In an international conference UN Secretary General Kofi Annan says that the freshly minted plans for Iraq will dissolve as soon as they begin to take shape. (解决)Visitors soon began to flock in from county house, villages and lonely uplands to see the reception, or if not to see it at any rate to be near it.(大量涌入)It seems to me if I was young and in love I should never deem a man of ordinary caliber worthy of my devotion. (认为，相信)And Mr. Brooke looked so contented and cheerful that Meg was ashamed to lament her hard lot.(哀悼，悲叹)I handled this amazing antiquity with the greatest possible tenderness, lest it should fragment in my hands. (碎片)When it comes to trade in the underdeveloped parts of the world, most Western countries want to have a finger in every pie.(好管闲事的，参与)Whilst the film does become somewhat over-indulgent in parts, its nostalgic feel is excellently used to make all of us want to hark back to the care-free days of childhood.(回想起)Research projects should relevant to the requirements of the country and should help in improving the quality of life of the people.(与..有关)Legal advice needs to be tailored to specific circumstances, and you should therefore consult with an attorney for advice regarding your particular situation. (根据…调整)Because nomadic life style is often unstable and hostile, nomads are always fighting their way through harsh elements and foreign territories in the effort to carve out niches for themselves. (赢得一席之地)We expect the group consisting of Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia still notch up growth of almost 2% this year.(完成，创下)Unit 8“And, madam,” continued she, “ she has had the audacity to affront your ladyship and to call you ugly---Yes, madam, she called you ugly old cat to my face.” (鲁莽的行为，放肆的话)The “get-rich-quick”efforts in attempting to achieve and sustain an opulent life style will invariably involve corruption aggression in human. (富裕的)I was well worth one’s while, even if he had no idea of buying or selling, to loiter through the bazaars and observe the various sorts of traffic that were going forward. (闲逛，游荡)I can state in all sincerity that I wish nothing but freedom, justice and equality, life liberty and the pursuit of happiness for all people. (真诚的说)Elegant Venetian buildings and palaces peer over the ancient maze of narrow streets and labyrinth of canals that contrive to make this a unique city. (规划，设计)No wonder that those who conducted such an in fraction of the rights of humanity should have sought to veil the enormity from the eyes of the world. (恶行)It was the soft, amiable Negro voice, like those Iremembered from earlychildhood, with the note of docile subservience. (有用，裨益)Great commanders do not condescend to fight in person but conduct the field operations by orders delivered through aides-de-camp. (屈尊，俯就)It was true that her profile was beautiful; it was extraordinary how a girl had such a perfection ofoutline which took your breath away. (侧面)The painter was sitting before the open window, an ease in front of him, a palettle in his hand, painting with deft, swift touches. (熟练地，灵巧的)Unit 9The root cause of the grave historical error that is undermining American image and interest is the outcome of its misguided foreign policy which is designed to favor specific individual and political groups at the expense of the will and aspiration of the general public.(底部冲刷) Afghanistan’s future as a democratic nation hinges on the government’s ability to emancipate Afghan women in all spheres of society.(取决于…)Father Claude taught the boy to respect the right the rights of others, to espouse the cause of the poor and weak and to revere God. (支持)Some of these lizards inhabit the high and damp parts of the islands, but they are much more numerous in the lower and districts near the coast.(居住于，栖息于)It is an interesting paradox that while Johnson’s reputation as the chief English man of letter of his age seems secure for all time, his works, for the most part, have long ceased to be read.(与矛盾特点的人或事)Our village life would have stagnated if it had not been for the unexplored forests and meadows which surrounded it.(停滞，不流动，不发展)Night was falling rapidly, and their predicament was rendered doubly worse when they could not even find the trail which they had been following.(困难的处境，窘境)The man is mad---quite mad---and we cannot longer jeopardize our own throats mere to humor his crazy and criminal whims.(危及，损害)What I can say is that the uprising in Iraq will continue and the American public may well make up to the deaths of thousands of its son and daughters.(巴结，拍马屁)He felt the good and bad within himself inextricably mingle and overlapping.(无法摆脱)Unit 10Most visitors to America’s national parks rarely stray more than a few yards from their cars or tour buses because it’s easy to be lost in valleys and among tree.(独自的，零散的)Your children should go out in the fresh air rather than huddling up against the radiator like that.(聚成一堆)She spent the day traipsing round the shops, but found nothing suitable to buy.(漫步，拖曳) After so many years of hard life experiences, he has formed a habit of keeping reticent about his past, which makes his colleagues very suspicious of him.(不轻易暴露思想或感情，有保留的) She was very tense as she was waiting for the interview because she know there were a lot of candidates competing for the position in this big company.(神经紧张的)Psychologists were astounded to discover that volunteer in the experiment were often willing to inflict pain on others if they were told to.(使震惊，使大吃一惊)Pigeons are gregarious bird but blackbirds tend to be solitary.(爱交际的，合群的)People who have been involved in serious accidents often need some counseling to help them recover from the terrible experiences.(心理咨询)Passengers without proper documentation will not be allowed to travel in this area.(证明)She refuses to come down squarely on either side of the arguments.(明确地)。

江苏大学XXXX级硕士研究生英语期末考试样卷

江苏大学XXXX级硕士研究生英语期末考试样卷考试科目：文献阅读与翻译考试时间：XXXXXXDirections:Answer the following questions on the Answer Sheet.1. How many kinds of literature do you know? And what are they? (5%)2. How many types of professional papers do you know? And what are they? (5%)3. What are the main linguistic features of Professional Papers? (10%)4. What are the purposes of abstracts? How many kinds can theabstracts be roughly classified into? And what are the different kinds? (10%)5.What is a proposal? How many kinds of proposals do you think are there? What are the main elements of a proposal? (10%)6.Give your comments on the linguistic features of the following passage. (15%)Basic Point-Set TopologyOne way to describe the subject of Topology is to say that it isqualitative geometry. The idea is that if one geometric object can be continuously transformed into another, then the two objects are to be viewed as being topologically the same. For example, a circle and a square are topologically equivalent. Physically, a rubber band can be stretched into the form of either a circle or a square, as well as many other shapes which are also viewed as being topologically equivalent. On the other hand, a figure eight curve formed by two circles touching at a point is to be regarded as topologically distinct from a circle or square. A qualitative property that distinguishes the circle from the figure eight is the number of connected pieces that remain when a single point is removed: When a point is removed from a circle what remains is still connected, a single arc, whereas for a figure eight if one removes the point of contact of its two circles, what remains is two separate arcs, two separate pieces.The term used to describe two geometric objects that are topologically equivalent is homeomorphic. Thus a circle and a square are homeomorphic. Concretely, if we place a circle C inside a square S with the same center point, then projecting the circle radially outward to the square defines a function f :C→S, and this function is continuous: small changes in x produce small changes in f(x). The function f has an inverse f -1:S→C obtained by projecting the square radially inward to the circle, and this is continuous as well. One says that f is a homeomorphism between C and S.One of the basic problems of Topology is to determine when two given geometric objects are homeomorphic. This can be quite difficult in general.Our first goal will be to define exactly what the ‘geometric objects’are that one studies in Topology. These are called topological spaces. The definition turns out to be extremely general, so that many objects that are topological spaces are not very geometric at all, in fact.7. Match the phrase in the first column with its translation in the second column.(10%)1. Full length paper a.征稿启事2. Sponsoring organization b.会务组3. Call for papers c.全文4. Submission of papers d.提交论文5. Conference venue and fees e.信息牌/布告栏6. Conference editorial board f.主办单位7. Review g.研讨会8. Limousine service h.评审、审稿9. Message board i.客车设施10. Audio visual facilities j.会址和会费11. Colloquia k.视听设施8. How do you understand Yan Fu’s three-word guide xing, da,ya? What’s youropinion on the principles of translation? (10%)9. It is very common that one word has more than one meaning.The proper choice of word meaning is essential to translation.Choose the correct meaning of the word “story ” in thefollowing sentences. (5%)(1) This war is becoming the most important story of thisgeneration.(2) It is quite another story now.(3) Some reporters who were not included in the session broke thestory.(4) He'll be very happy if that story holds up.(5) The Rita Haywoth story is one of the saddest.[The meanings of STORY: a. situation; b. inside information; c. experience; d. law case; e. statement; f. event]10. Put the following abstract into Chinese. (10%)Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major source of indoorair pollution. A major point stressed in both the Surgeon General’s Report and the National Academy of Science’s Report is that methods used to determine the exposure of the nonsmoking population to ETS must be improved. In this dissertation, a semi-real time system for monitoring ETS are proposed and compared with other systems. Several new tracers for ETS are proposed. The generalization and decay of ETS in an indoor environmental laboratory is studied. A new technique for analyzing microgram and sub microgram amount of nicotine is developed. A unique exposure study to ETS is to carry out wherein never-smokers are exposed to ETS. Much evidence has accumulated that fine particulate matter in the atmosphere affects human health and atmospheric properties. To monitor airborne particles, it is necessary to separate various particle sizes in the atmosphere and to determine the chemical compositions of the particles. A new high flow rate, multichannel parallel plate denuder sampling system has been developed which is capable of determining the particle size distributions and the semi-volatile organic compounds which can be lost from particles during sampling.11.Put the following passage into English. (10%)在本《国际标准》中，”文摘”一词的意义是：对原文献内容准确、扼要而不加解释或评论的表述。

2019苏州大学学科教学(英语)333教育综合与889英语教学论考研复习全析【含真题答案】

2019苏州大学学科教学（英语）333教育综合与889英语教学论考研复习全析【含真题答案】《2019苏州大学333教育综合考研复习全析（含真题答案）》分为八册，由东吴苏大考研网依托多年丰富的教学与辅导经验，组织官方教学研发团队与苏州大学教育学院的优秀研究生共同合作编写而成。

全书内容紧凑权威细致，编排结构科学合理，为参加2019苏州大学考研的考生量身定做的必备专业课资料。

2019苏州大学333教育综合考研复习全析（含真题答案）全书编排根据参考书目：《教育学（王道俊）》《当代教育心理学（修订版）（陈琦、刘儒德）》《中国教育史（孙培青）》《简明中国教育史（王炳照）》《外国教育史（张斌贤）》《外国教育史教程（吴式颖）》《教育心理学（张大均）》结合往年苏州大学考研真题内容，帮助报考苏州大学考研的同学通过苏大教材章节框架分解、配套的课后习题讲解及相关985、211名校考研真题与解答，帮助考生梳理指定教材的各章节内容，深入理解核心重难点知识，把握考试要求与考题命题特征。

通过研读演练本书，达到把握教材重点知识点、适应多样化的专业课考研命题方式、提高备考针对性、提升复习效率与答题技巧的目的。

同时，透过测试演练，以便查缺补漏，为初试高分奠定坚实基础。

适用院系：马克思主义学院：学科教学（思政）（专业学位）教育学院、教育科学研究院：教育管理硕士（专业学位）、职业技术教育硕士（专业学位）文学院：学科教学（语文）（专业学位）社会学院：学科教学（历史）（专业学位）数学科学学院：学科教学（数学）（专业学位）物理与光电·能源学部：学科教学（物理）（专业学位）医学部：学科教学（生物）（专业学位）外国语学院：学科教学（英语）（专业学位）材化部：学科教学（化学）（专业学位）适用科目：333教育综合内容详情本书包括了以下几个部分内容：一、考试重难点（复习笔记）：通过总结和梳理《教育学》、《当代教育心理学》、《中国教育史》、《简明中国教育史》、《外国教育史》、《外国教育史教程》、《教育心理学》七本教材各章节复习和考试的重难点，浓缩精华内容，令考生对各章节内容考察情况一目了然，从而明确复习方向，提高复习效率。

研究生英语读写佳境（苏州大学）2013版复习资料

Part I Reading ComprehensionTest One ~ Four 任选两篇+ 书本外的两篇Test OneSometimes negative reactions do not result from actual interaction but rather from the fixed, preconceived beliefs we have about other people. These over-generalized beliefs or "stereotypes" frequently shape people's perceptions of each other.有时消极反应并不是源于实际交互从固定的,而是先入为主的信仰我们对他人。

这些过于宽泛的信念或“刻板印象”经常形状人民对彼此的看法。

Stereotypes originate and develop from numerous sources such as jokes, textbooks, movies, and television. Movies about cowboys and Indians portray cowboys as "civilized" and Indians as wild and "primitive." A child who knows about the American Indians only through watching these movies will have a distorted and false image of this group of people. Stereotypes perpetuate inaccuracies about religious, racial, and cultural groups.刻板印象产生和发展从许多来源,如笑话、教科书、电影和电视。

苏州大学研究生英语期末考试题库

Unit2选词填空(注意词性，动词形式，单复数形式)1.Green plants elaborate organic compounds from inorganic by means ofphotosynthesis.2.Many court cases in the past 15 years have shown that a competent physician whocarries out euthanasia will suffer no prosecution .3.Euthanasia has been a very controversial issue in Europe since at least 1963.4.The facts he had collected through on-the-spot observation provided him withammunition for his argument.5.We will never take compassion on snake-like scoundrels.6.76% of those who participated in the poll gave almost the same response .7.John’s arthritis is getting so unbearable these days that he has to be hospitalized .8.hatred against those spreading rumors about him surged within him.9.Despite some exceptions, compassionate killing are dealt with very moderatelyin British courts.10.The advocates of euthanasia have been working with such great zeal that theyare regarded as quite radical in some European countries.句子翻译1. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness.长期以来“山雨欲来”的安乐死问题又沸沸扬扬的演变成一场激烈的公共辩论，双方都声称是为了最终的正义。

研究生英语期末考试大题

Unit 11. A topic is what the essay or research paper is about. Choosing a topic for your literature review or research paper requires careful consideration.2. Four principles of deciding on a topicInteresting、Important、Manageable、Adequate3. A research question is a statement that identifies the focus of your topic. It is the question that your study or your paper wants to answer.4.A research question, therefore, serves two purposes:1) It identifies the specific objectives your research or your paper will address.2) It determines the size of your research or the length of your paper.5. A working title refers to the title you think of initially for the essay which you are going to write, which may be changed as you read more articles and become more involved in the research.6. A good title must briefly but accurately reflect the main ideas of the essay or indicates the topic you will be discussing in the essay.7. a typical title is composed ofsubject matter、key words of the method、key words of the contentUnit 21.Source materials are any information which you take from books, journal articles,websites, newspapers, lectures, etc.2.The reasons find source materials are:3.1) to show where your idea in your essay is originated;4.2) to show that you have done research to find "evidence" for your viewpoint, forreferencing a source will give your essay academic "weight";5.3) to show that you have a better understanding of the opinions and even controversiesin the subject you have studied;6.4) to allow your readers to find the original sources themselves if necessary.7.How to evaluate source materials1)Is the material a primary or a secondary source?2)Is the source the latest one?3)Is the author a reliable scholar or an expert in the field?4)Does the author have biases or prejudices?5)Has the author been cited frequently in the field?6)Are the author’s arguments supported by evidence such as statistics, experiment,recent scientific findings?7)Are different opinions considered and weighed or simply ignored?8)Are the author’s arguments and conclusions convincing?8.Remember that the sources you are going to use should be:9.1) recent source materials which give new information and results of your discipline;10.2) unbiased publications which are more trustworthy;11.3) from writers who are the authorities of a certain field and whose works are frequentlycited.12.Scanning is the strategy used to look up a specific detail in an entire essay or a book,Hence, scanning is very useful for locating specific information (such as a specificdefinition, name, date, statistic, or a fact without reading the entire essay or book.)13.How to scan1)keep in mind at all times what you are searching for (e.g., the definition of a term,the effect of a phenomenon);2)search thesis statements and topic sentences in paragraphs for the informationyou want to gain;3)use the knowledge of the essay organization(such as cause-effect, comparison-contrast, problem-solution) to find what you are looking for;4)pay attention to signal words such as numbers, letters, steps, the words such as first,second, and next, or words that are bold-faced, italics, or in different sizes, fonts, etc.5)14.How to skimthe title and subtitles;the abstract (if there is one);the introduction and thesis;the first or last paragraphs of the essays/chapters;headings and subheadings;the conclusion and summaries;the first sentence or the last sentence of each paragraph;highlighted texts such as words in bold or italic text;graphs, tables or diagrams.15.A topic sentence consists of two parts: the topic and a comment which is made about thetopic.16.How to guessing word meaning from context1)Use restatement or synonym clues such as in other words, that is, also known as,sometimes called as.2)Use collocation knowledge to guess the meaning from the neighboring words in thesentences.3)Use antonym or contrast clues such as but, however, unlike, in contrast, instead of,while.4)Use definition clues such as is defined as, or an appositive phrase.5)Use explanation clues such as because, as a result, consequently.6)Use example or anecdote clues such as for example, such as, like.Guessing word meaning through affixes and rootsMany academic words, especially words and terms in disciplines are built up from roots that have a meaning. 1. multi- 多种的2. nano- 纳米9. micro- 微小8. semi- 半；duct 引导mon text structures are:1)Problem and solution. (signal words: the problem is, the solutions are and so on.)2)Cause and effect. (signal words or phrases: because, for, due to, therefore, as a result,consequently, one important factor/cause is, etc.)3)Comparison and contrast. (signal words or phrases: in comparison, however, similarly,by contrast, and so on.)4)Advantages and disadvantages. (signal words: on the contrary, compared with, theadvantage is, etc.)5)Order and sequence. (signal words: first, second, then, additionally, etc.)6)Description and list. (signal words: for example, for instance, a good case in point is,etc.)7)Definition and classification. (signal words: the definition is, can be divided / classifiedinto, and so on.)18.Critical reading means19.recognizing an author’s purpose;20.recognizing tone and persuasive elements;21.recognizing implicit bias.22.Note-taking is of significance for recording the main ideas that will form the backboneof your research paper, gathering specific evidence to support your main ideas and recording the exact wording of the sources you may want to quote in your paper.23.Content of a good note includes:24.1) a summary of main ideas and chief findings of the source;25.2) a paraphrase of the important ideas;26.3) direct quotations of the key statements;27.4) statistics such as percentages and dates;28.5) author's name, title of the book or article, title of the journal, and page ranges.29.Writing a short summary of a paragraph/paragraphs is an important part of note-taking.It is also a good way to have a better understanding of what you have read.the summary will not only help you to understand and memorize the ideas of the essay but also facilitate the writing of your own research paper.15.Essential tips of write a summary1)Read the paragraph or the whole article until you have fully understood it.2)Highlight the topic sentences and underline the important ideas, data, the major findingsand chief conclusions.3)Use your own words to combine these important ideas in the same order as the original.4)Use the author’s key words and phrases but avoid using the same vocabulary andstructures as the original.5)Avoid adding your own interpretation or comment.6)Note down the source of the essay with correct bibliographic form, such as author, yearpublished, article title, journal title, volume number (issue number), page numbers, etc. Unit 41. A literature review i s a very important part of the research project. It may be a self-contained review or a part of the introduction to an academic essay. In either case, its purpose is to demonstrate a clear understanding of the topic being investigated.Namely, your literature review must tell what has been done on the topic, what different scholars have said about their own research, what major findings have been published, and what controversial areas exist.2.Before writing, to be critical, you must ask questions like these about each book orarticle you read:1)Is the problem clearly defined? Is its significance clearly established?2)Could the problem have been approached more effectively from another perspectiveor on another theory?3)Is the author's research orientation (e.g. descriptive, critical, empirical) appropriate?4)Is there a theoretical framework and is it appropriate to the research (e.g.psychological, developmental, cognitive, feminist)?5)Has the author evaluated the literature relevant to the problem/issue? Does theauthor include literature taking positions she or he does not agree with?6)How reliable are the basic components of the study design (e.g. population, variables,outcome)? How accurate and valid are the methods used? Is the analysis of the data accurate and relevant to the research question? Are the conclusions validly based upon the data and analysis?7)Does the author avoid using one-sided examples, or rhetorically-charged languageand tone? Is there an objective basis to the reasoning?8)In what ways does this book or article contribute to your understanding of theproblem under study, and in what ways is it useful for practice? What are the strengths and limitations?3.While writing your literature review, it is important for you to take the following tips:4.1) indicate the objective of the literature review;2)search for materials relevant to the topic being investigated;3)read the materials carefully and critically before determining which literaturecontributes most to your topic;4)discuss the findings and conclusions of each article in a critical way;5)describe the relationship of each work to others under consideration;6)organize your review in a logical order (e.g. those in support of the topic, thoseagainst it, those offering alternatives);7)explain if possible their similarities and differences;8)identify gaps in the literature for further study or point out what is left to explore;9)indicate the way forward for further research.5.The steps of writing a self-contained literature review are the followings:1)write a summary of each article you have gathered for your literature review;2)combine the summaries logically, by using connective phrases or sentences;3)write an introductory paragraph, including the definition of the topic and itsbackground information;4)make your comments, if necessary, on the past studies.6. a literature review as a part of an essay is not a mere combination of summaries ofmaterial sources. The choice of previous research and even ideas and findings in a previous article is completely based on the research questions you set out to answer in your essay.In other words, you should avoid including in your literature review all ideas and findings in the previous articles.Most important is that such a literature review should contain your critical comments on the previous studies, especially their weaknesses or limitations so that your present study will be more rational and significant rather than being a repeat.The literature review as a part of the essay will be shorter than a self-contained literaturereview, introducing the main findings of each work only.7.Citation, the way to use sources, is a major part of a literature review and is also frequentlyused in supporting your arguments.There are two methods. One is quoting (copying the exact words of the author) and the other is paraphrasing (rewriting what the writer said in your own words).8.Citation consists of two parts: i) citation of the content and ii) documentation of itssource.9.documentation which means the identification of the source of the ideas and quotationsused in the literature review or／and in your research paper. In other words you have to tell the reader that you used the source and where it came from. Failing to document your sources, whether intentionally or unintentionally, is plagiarism,Hence documentation includes the identification not only of the words and sentences you copied but also of the ideas and information you borrowed.10.In-text documentation, or rather, a brief parenthetical acknowledgement in the text,contains two parts：i)the last name of the author(s) and ii) the date of their publication in parentheses as shown in the underlined parts of the foIlowing passage.11.Plagiarism is kind of theft, referring to the use of others' ideas, findings, arguments, data,and words without appropriate citation or documentation.12.According to Gibaldi (1999), plagiarism is committed when a person fails to giveappropriate citation and documentation when13.1) he/she copies a sentence from the sources;14.2) he/she paraphrases another's argument;15.3) he/she presents another's line of thinking.16.Paraphrasing is a complete rewriting or restating. It is a condensed version of anotherauthor's work, or putting the author's words into your own words though you should avoid any interpretation of the source materials.Appropriate paraphrasing means rewriting with substantial changes in language and organization.Unit 51.There are two major kinds of academic paper: primary research paper and secondaryresearch paper.2. A primary research paper is the study of a subject through firsthand investigation,involving presenting original ideas and information on your own. In most cases you need to conduct a survey or an experiment to obtain new findings. Hence it is sometimes called "survey-or-experiment-based research".3. A secondary research paper, however, involves gathering and analyzing the researchfindings from other people's research. To illustrate your argument, you need to borrow and use evidence and findings available on the topic in the library or on the Internet.Hence it is sometimes called "library-or-lnternet-based research".4.The introduction section is the start of a research article and its main purpose is to givea clear picture of what the article is about and what the attitude of the author is.5.An introduction usually includes the following elements:1)Introduce the topic or problem with which the research essay is concerned.2)Give a clear definition of the topic and of the related key terms.3)Provide the relevant background information/context of the topic.4)Review the previous related studies and point out their limitation if necessary.5)State the purpose/objective of the essay.6)Introduce the theoretical perspectives the essay might use.7)Justify your choice of the topic or give the reasons for your research.8)Explain how the essay will be organized (the outline of the essay).6.Functions of introduction sectionsIntroduction to the topicBackground informationJustificationDefinition of key termsWriter’s purposeThesis statementOutline of structure7.Steps to write the body section of the secondary research essay:1)Evaluate all source materials you have gathered;2)Design the structure or organization of you essay according to research questions,such as cause and effect, or comparison and contrast;3)Arrange the arguments in a logical order according to the chosen structure;4)Select and organize source materials to illustrate the ideas of the topic sentencesrespectively.mon types of organization when write the body of the secondary research essayA.Effect analysisThe structure of effect analysis may be used to analyze the effect of a certain phenomenon such as global warming ,nuclear radiation, the use of genetically modified organisms and so on.B.Cause analysis.To analyze the causes for a phenomenon such as earthquakes, climate changes, sleep deprivation and breast cancer, you may use the body structure of causal analysis.C. C. Pro-and-con analysisD.The structure may be used to weigh both advantages and disadvantages of atechnology such as GM food, nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, synthetical biology, Web 3.0 and so on.parison analysisF.To compare and contrast two subjects such as computers and human brains, ororganic food and traditional food, you may either use the subject-to-subject body structure or the point- to-point body structure.9.The methods section, which is a detailed breakdown of the experiment or survey,questions an experiment or survey should answer:10.1) What are your research questions?11.2) How is your research carried out?12.3) How is your data collected?13.4) How are your results obtained?14.Points one should make clear to readers when writing the body of a primary researchessay:1）subjects of the experiment (How were they chosen?);2）the materials (What equipment or tools were used? Where and in what condition was the experiment conducted?);3）the procedure (How did you design your study and what steps did you follow when the data were collected?);4）the criteria (What criteria are used for selecting subjects?);5）the survey (How the questionnaire is designed and administered? How are the samples or respondents chosen? And how the interview is conducted--by telephone or door to door?)6）statistical analysis (How were statistics analyzed?).15.The results section describes the statistical results and the findings of the research, whichdirectly answers your research questions. It deals with the facts rather than the opinions.The opinions such as evaluation and commentary should be saved in the discussion section.16.Contents of results section when Writing the body of a primary research essay1）an overview of the experiment or a summary of the findings;2）detailed presentation of the representative data and/or graphic aids and their locating and/or analysis;3）detailed presentation of the findings.17.Functions that the conclusion can serve:1)to summarize the main ideas or key findings in the essay;2)to make some comments on the findings;3)to compare your results with previous results;4)to explain unexpected results;5)to explore possible implications;6)to point out its limitations of the work covered by your essay;7)to mention further research that might be required.18.An abstract, composed after your research paper is finished and placed before the maintext, is a condensed summary of the paper's key information. The main purpose is to enable the readers to be informed of the basic content and chief results of your paper quickly and accurately.19.What an abstract should include:1)the statement of the problem;2)the purpose or objective of the study;3)the methods or brief description of the experiment;4)the important data or results of any statistical analysis;5)the chief findings;6)the principal conclusions or recommendations.20.Rules for writing a reference list:1）Place the reference list after the last section of the essay.2）Do not include sources which have not been cited in the text of the essay.3）Start each item in the list at the left margin. If an item extends to more than one line, indent the additional lines.4）Use the last or family name and initials (not full names) for all authors.5）Arrange the items in the alphabetical order of authors’ family names.21.In this case you need to use cautious language to avoid the possibility of people sayingthat you are wrong. The cautious language is called hedging.mon hedging expressions:1）Certain introductory verbs and phrases such as seem, tend, look like, appear to be, think, believe, our knowledge, it is our view that, we feel that;2）Certain modal lexical verbs such as believe, assume, suggest, estimate;3）Certain modal auxiliary verbs such as will, must, would, may, might, could, can;4）Certain adverbs of frequency and degree such as often, sometimes, usually, approximately, roughly, about, occasionally, generally, somewhat, somehow, a lot of;5）Certain modal adverbs and adjectives such as probably, possibly, perhaps, conceivably, possible, probable, un/likely, presumably, virtually, apparently;6）Certain modal nouns such as assumption, possibility, probability, claim, estimate, suggestion；7）Certain it-clauses s uch as it could be the case that…, it might be suggested that…, it may be possible to obtain…, it is important to develop…, it is useful to study…;8）Certain if-clauses such as if true, if anything.23.Proofreading is the final step of writing an academic essay. It is about searching yourwriting for basic grammatical and mechanical errors to make sure that your paper is free from any errors before submitting your paper to your teacher or a journal.24.checking globally1) The title and abstract 2) The introduction section 3) The conclusion section4) The body section 5) Topic sentences 6) Citation 7) ReferenceChecking grammatically1) Sentence fragments 2) Dangling Modifiers 3) Ambiguous Pronoun Reference4) Problems of Agreement 5) Problems of Tense 6) Problems of Articles7) Uncountable nouns8) Misused words9) Choppy sentences10) Run-on sentences。

苏州大学《语言学概论英语》2022-2023学年第一学期期末试卷

苏州大学《语言学概论英语》2022-2023学年第一学期期末试卷课程名称：语言学概论英语专业：英语语言文学班级：英语语言文学2021级考试形式：闭卷考试满分：100分---注意事项：1. 本试卷共四部分，总分100分，考试时间为120分钟。

2. 请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上的答案无效。

3. 所有题目必须回答，选择题请将正确答案的字母填在答题纸上，其余题目请将答案写清楚。

---第一部分选择题（共20题，每题2分，共40分）1. 语言学中的“语音学”主要研究（）A. 词汇的意义B. 句子的结构C. 语音的产生、传递和感知D. 语言的历史演变2. “语法”是指（）A. 语言的发音规则B. 词汇的组成C. 句子结构和形成规则D. 语言的社会功能3. 在语义学中，词的“指称”指的是（）A. 词的发音B. 词所指代的实际事物或概念C. 词在句中的位置D. 词的语法功能4. “形态学”研究的是（）A. 词的结构和形式B. 句子的组成C. 语音的分类D. 语言的社会使用5. 语音学中的“音位”是指（）A. 发音的具体声音B. 语言中的最小的语音单位C. 句子的语调D. 词汇的语音特征6. “语用学”主要关注（）A. 语言形式的变化B. 语言的社会和文化背景C. 语言的语音特征D. 语言的历史演变7. “句法”研究（）A. 词的发音规则B. 句子的组成和结构C. 语法规则的变异D. 词汇的使用频率8. 语言学中的“语境”是指（）A. 语言的词汇量B. 语言的历史背景C. 语言使用中的社会和文化背景D. 语言的语法规则9. 语言的“功能”指的是（）A. 语言的发音特征B. 语言在交流中的作用C. 语言的书写形式D. 语言的词汇变化10. “普遍语法”理论由（）提出A. 乔姆斯基B. 皮尔斯C. 维特根斯坦D. 赛义德11. 在“结构主义语言学”中，语言被看作是（）A. 社会行为的产物B. 一种抽象的符号系统C. 一种行为习惯D. 一种个体创作12. “词汇语义学”主要研究（）A. 词汇的意义和用法B. 句子的语法结构D. 语言的社会变体13. 语言的“语言变化”指的是（）A. 语音、词汇和语法的变化B. 语言的书写方式变化C. 语言的社会功能变化D. 语言的语境变化14. “社会语言学”研究（）A. 语言的历史演变B. 语言的社会使用情况C. 语言的心理机制D. 语言的语法规则15. “言语行为理论”由（）提出A. 奥斯汀B. 维特根斯坦C. 乔姆斯基D. 哈贝马斯16. “语用学”中的“会话含义”是指（）B. 语言的隐含意义C. 语言的语音特征D. 语言的语法规则17. “句法树”用于表示（）A. 词汇的排列顺序B. 句子的结构和层次C. 语音的变化D. 语言的演变历程18. “生成语法”理论强调（）A. 语言的社会使用B. 语言的语法结构和规则C. 语言的历史发展D. 语言的发音特点19. 语音学中的“音素”指的是（）A. 语言中的发音单位B. 词的结构C. 句子的组成部分D. 词汇的变化20. 语言的“隐喻”研究属于（）A. 语法学B. 语音学C. 语义学D. 语用学---第二部分填空题（共10题，每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的基本研究领域包括**________**、**________**、语音学、形态学和语用学。

综合医学英语(研究生、期末考试、总结)

医学英语期末试题一、单选题1. anis.s.smal.tha.i.ca.onl.b.see.wit..microscop.i.._____C_____.A.miniorganismB.macrogrganismC.microorganismD.microcell2. .disease tha.ha..sudde.an.sever.onse.i.describe.a.______C________.A.chronicdC.acuteD.infectious3. .disease tha.ha.lon.duratio.an.slo.progressin.i.describe.a.______A________.A.chronicdC.acuteD.infectious4. Abnorma.an.uncontrolle.growt.o.tissu.i.terme.a.____B______.A.anemiaB.neoplasia 瘤形成C.parasitism 寄生病D.toxicity5. Heat.pain.redness.an.swellin.ar.th.characteristi.sign.o._____C______.A.immunityB.feverC.inflammationD.healing6. Scientifi.nam.fo.windpipe i._____A_______.A.trachearynx 喉C.pharynx 咽D.bronchi7. Scientifi.nam.fo.throat（咽喉.i._____C_______.A.trachearynxC.pharynxD.bronchi8. Scientifi.nam.fo.voic.bo.i._____B_______.A.trachearynxC.pharynxD.bronchi9. Difficult.i.breathin.i.calle._____D_______.A.aphasia 失语症B.apnea 窒息C.dysphonia 发声困难D.dyspnea 呼吸困难10. Difficult.i.swallowin.i.calle._____A_______.A.dysphagia 吞咽困难B.dysplasia 发育不良C.dysphoniaD.dyspnea11. .wor.elemen.fro.whic.othe.word.ar.forme.i.calle._____C_______.A.prefixB.suffixC.rootbining vowel12. .wor.par.a.th.beginnin.o..wor.i..(n).____D______.A.originbining formC.previewD.prefix13. .wor.par.a.th.en.o..wor.i.a(n)._____C_____.A.vowelbining formC.suffixD.insertion14. Th.opposit.o.hypertension i.____C______.A.hypoglucemiaB.hyperglucemiaC.hypotensionD.hyperglycemic15. Th.prefi.i.th.word.prefi.an.pretest mean._____A______.A.beforeB.finalC.fixedD.superior16. Th.g.i.th.term.cough an.radiograp.i.pronounce.a.______C_______.A.gB.hC.fD.t17. Th.p.i.th.ter.pneumonia i.pronounce.a._____D________.A.pB.hC.fD.n18. Th.suffixe.-ia.-sis.an.-ism al.refe.t._____A_______.A.condition ofB.disease ofC.problem ofD.specialty of19. Th.plura.o.seru.i._____B_______.A.serumsB.seraC.seriaD.serina20. Th.singula.o.thromb.i._____B_______.A.thrombB.thrombusC.thrombsD.thrombis21. Th.suffixe.-sis.-ian.an.-ics ar.foun.i.____D____.A.verbsB.adjectivesC.adverbsD.nouns22. Th.suffixe.-ic.-ous.an.-a.ar.foun.i.____B____.A.verbsB.adjectivesC.adverbsD.nouns23. puterize.tomography.Thi.ter.represent..(n.____B______.bining formB.acronym 首字母缩略词C.synonym 同义词D.clipping24. .dentis.i..physicia.wh.specialize.i.stud.o.___A___.A.teethB.skeletonC.skinD.stomach25. Whic.branc.o.medicin.i.concerne.wit.disease.o.th.kidneys._____C_____A.psychologyB.pulmonologyC.nephrologyD.neurology26. .ter.fo.inflammatio.o.th.lung.i.______B______.A.bronchitisB.pneumoniaC.pleurisy 胸膜炎ryngitis27. A.endotrachea.tub.i.place.______A________.A.within the tracheaB.beyond the tracheaC.under the tracheaD.over the trachea28. .gastroenterologis.i..physicia.wh.specialize.i.stud.o._________B__________.A.mouth and teethB.stomach, intestines, and related structuresC.musculoskeletal systemD.respiratory system29. .genera.ter.fo.inflammatio.o..join.i.______A________.A.arthritisB.conjunctivitis 结膜炎C.epididymitis 附睾炎D.myocarditis30. Chondrosarcom.i..tumo.tha.originate.i._____D_______.A.boneB.muscleC.tissueD.cartilage31. .tonsillectom.i._____C_______.A.removal of a jointB.removal of a tumorC.removal of a tonsil 扁桃体D.removal of a cavity32. Th.neuromuscula.junctio.i.betwee..muscl.an.._____B_______.A.glandB.neuronC.boneD.gonad33. Polymyositi.i.inflammatio.o.man._____C_______.ansB.glandsC.musclesD.bones34. Th.ter.fo..conditio.o.diseas.o.unknow.etiology（病原学.i._____D_______.A.hypertrophic 肥厚的B.chronicC.acuteD.idiopathic35. Deat.o.tissu.i.calle.______A______.A.necrosis 坏死B.inflammationC.infectionD.spasm 痉挛36. Th.cervica.regio.i.th.regio.o.th.____D______.A.brainB.legC.HeartD.neck37. Difficult.i.digestin.i.calle.______C______.A.apepsia 不消化B.eupepsia 消化良好C.dyspepsiaD.dysphonia38. Th.quadricep.muscl.group（四头肌.i.mad.u.o._____B_______.A.smooth and cardiac muscle fibersB.four muscles in the thighC.three muscles in the legD.fascia筋膜and tendon sheaths腱鞘39. Th.contro.cente.o.th.cel.i.th.____D____.A.membraneB.lysosome 溶酶体C.ribosome 核糖体D.nucleus40. .simpl.devic.fo.listenin.t.sound.withi.th.bod.i..____B____.A.cystoscope 膀胱镜B.stethoscope 听诊器C.barometer 气压计D.speculum 窥器41. Remova.o.tissu.fo.microscopi.stud.i.a(n.____A____.A.biopsyB.aeration 通气C.endoscopyD.CT scan42. Hepatosplenomegal.mean.____D____.A.removal of the liver and spleenB.prolapse下垂of the liver and spleenC.hemorrhage of the liver and spleenD.enlargement of the liver and spleen43. Th.cardiovascula.syste.include.th.hear.an.____C____.A.lungsB.digestive organsC.blood vesselsD.endocrine system44. Erythrocyt.i.th.scientifi.nam.fo..____B____.A.white blood cellB.red blood cellC.lymphocyteD.muscle cell45. Leukocyt.i.th.scientifi.nam.fo.a___A____.A.white blood cellB.red blood cellC.lymphocyteD.muscle cell46. .deficienc.o.hemoglobi.result.i.th.disorde.called____C____.A.hypertensionB.chromatosis 色素沉着C.anemiaD.hemophilia 血友病47. .neoplasti.overgrowt.o.whit.bloo.cell.i.calle.____A____.A.leukemiaB.anemiaC.fibrosisD.cystitis 膀胱炎48. Th.ga.tha.i.supplie.t.tissue.b.th.respirator.syste.i.____C____.A.sulfur 硫磺B.neon 氖C.oxygenD.carbon dioxide49. Th.ga.tha.i.eliminate.b.th.respirator.syste.i.____D____.A.sulfurB.NeonC.OxygenD.carbon dioxide50. Th.tube.tha.carr.ai.fro.th.trache.int.th.lung.ar.th.____D____.A.arteriesB.Nares 鼻孔C.VeinsD.bronchi二、完形填空Part II ClozeTh.proble.o.carin.fo.th.wea.an.sic.ha.existe.fro.th.earlies.times.Th.Romans.i.time.o.war.establishe.infirmaries, e.t.trea.sic.a rge.citie.an.wer.buil.ou.o.public.5..I..way.th.Roma.influenc.was53th.establishmen.o.hospitals.5..Christianit.grew.th.car.o.th.sic.becam.th.dut.o.th.Church.Th.monast erie.an.convent.provide.mos.o.th.hospitals.Th.custo.o.makin.pilgrimage.(朝圣.als.helpe.advanc.the.5.o.hospitals.Thos.pilgrimage.wer.ofte.long.an.th.traveler.ha.t.sto.overnigh.a.smal.inns.5.th.road.Thes.inn. wer.calle.hospitalia.meanin..guest.Th.inn.connecte.wit.th.monasterie.devote.themselve.t.carin.fo.traveler.wh.wer.il.o.weary.an.th.na m.hospita.becam.connecte.wit.carin.fo.the.5..fortabl.o.hygienic.th.hospital.were.5.clea.o.orderly.I.fact.many.5.hospita.woul.p u.tw.o.mor.patient.i.th.sam.bed.Bu.i.wasn'rge.town.o.England.Soon.th.ide.o.publi.hospital.bega.t.spre a.an.the.appeare.al.ove.Europe.51.A.fo.who...B.i.whic.. C.whic...D.who52.A.fund.B.affair..C.figure.D.interests53.A.capabl.o..B.respectfu.o.C.accessibl.t.D.responsibl.for54.A.Wit..B.Fo..C.I. D.As55.A.traditio..B.for..C.Ide..D.skill56.A.t..B.fro..C.Acros..D.along57.A.afflicte..B.affiliate..C.addicte..D.affirmed58.A.clos.t..B.fa.fro..C.carefu.abou..D.considerat.of59.A....B.suc..C.othe..D.another60.A.i...B.b..C.u.t..D.until答案：51.C.52.A..53...54...55.C56...57...58...59...60.D三、阅读理解（一）k.Elsinor.lie.i.a.inlan.Californi.valle.whic.i.teemin.an.steamin.wit.ho.springs.Rimme.b.shagg.mountain.whos.fore k.Elsinorei.th.ver.personificatio.o.peace—bu.o.i.rest.th.curs.o.Tondo.k.ha.ha..colorfu.history.Muc.o.i.lie.burie.i.legend.an.i.i.difficul.t.separat.fac.fro.fiction.Ther.hav.bee.storie.o.undergroun.volc k.bottom.erupting.killin.fis.an.discolorin.th.water.Ther.hav.bee.storie.o..playfu.se.serpen.tha.live.i.it.depths.k.wa..famou.resor.i.th.Nineties.Bu.lon.befor.th.firs.whit.ma.ha.se.foo.alon.t ke.thi.par.o.Californi.ha.bee.th.hom.o.th.Sobob.Indians.Thei.chie.wa.Tondo..ster.an.unforgivin.man.H.ha..daughter.Mornin.Star.wh.wa.i.lov.wit.Palo.so.o.th.chie.o.th.Palas..neighborin.tribe.Th.Soboba.an.Pala.wer.swor.enemies.Fo ..tim.th.lover.me.secretly.The.on.da.the.wer.discovere.b.Tondo.Hi.rag.wa.terribl.t.behold.H.forbad.th.lover.eve.t.mee.again.Mornin.Sta.trie.i.ever.wa.t.appeas.he.father’eless.tha.h.woul.neve.giv ke.a.th.drear.Novem ke.singin.th. mournfu.deat.son.o.thei.people.whil.Tond.stoo.o.th.shor.an.curse.th.lovers.curse.th.blu.wate.int.whic.the.al.walke.t.thei.death. k.whic.cause.wate.t.spou.int.th.ai.lik. ter.i.becam.know.tha.thre.hundre.spring.o.boilin.mu.an.wate.wer.bor.i.th.valle.durin.tha.upheaval.Th.spring .reeke.wit.sulphur.k.remaine.peaceful.The.boat.wer.overturne.fo.n.apparen.reason.an.fe.o.thei.occupant.eve k.neve.t.reappear.In 1833 and again in 1846, fish in the lake suddenly died.nd.The.invade.th.countrysid.unti.th.harass e.inhabitant.calle.fo.help.i.bar.ther.wa.n.trac.o..volcano.th.bottoml es.pits.o.th.othe.disturbance.o.legen.o.fact.Th.copiou.winte.rain.o.1951—ke.Bu.wha.menac.doe.it.hauntin.beaut.hol.today.Fo.tomorrow?ke.The.no.grizzle.hea.an.murmu.tha.th.Grea.Tondo ’ke.Onl.time.th.wis.an.silen.one.ca.tell.61.Which of the following statements is true of Lake Elsinore?A.I.i.considere.b.legen.t.b.ric.i.golb.B.I.wa.onc.famou.a..beautifu.resort.C.I.i.locate.i..volcani.crate.i.California.e.t.b.th.cente.o..minin.village.62.Probably Tondo’s rage was due the fact that .A.Mornin.Sta.wa.to.youn.t.marryB.Tondo’.trib.an.Palas’.trib.wer.enemiesC.Pal.mistreate.hi.Sobob.gir.friendD.Pala.vowe.mee.Mornin.Sta.i.secret63.According to the old-timers, on two occasions .k.turne.redk.wate.sproute.int.th.airC.th.Gnat.invade.th.countrysidek.suddenl.died64.The word “jinx”(Line 1, Paragraph 6) probably means .A.spel.o.ba.luc.B.ho.ai.currentC.strang.tranquilit.D.stor.o.unusua.duration65.Which can be considered the best title for the passage?A.Th.Curs.o.Tondo.k.Elsinore.C.Th.Mysteriou.India.Tribes.D.Th.Tragi.Lov.o.Mornin.Star.(二)Despit.Denmark’.manifes.virtues.Dane.neve.tal.abou.ho.prou.the..r.t.b.Danes.Thi.woul.soun.weir.i.Danish.Whe.Dane.tal.t.foreigner. nguage.th.genera.small-mindednes.an.self-indulge.c.o.thei.countryme.an.th.hig.taxes.N.Dan.woul.loo.yo.i.th.ey.an.say.“Denmar.i..grea.country..You’r.suppose.t.figur.thi.ou.fo.y.urself....wher.almos.hal.th.nationa.bud.e.goe.towar.smoothin.ou.life’.inequalities.an.ther.i.plent.o.mone..o.school s.da.care.retrainin.programmes.jo.seminars-Dane.lov.seminars..hre.day.a..stud.centr.hearin.abou.wast.managemen.i.almos.a.goo.a.. sk.trip.I.i..cultur.bombarde.b.English.i.advertising.po.music.th.Internet.an.despit.al.th.Englis.tha.Danis.absorbs—ther.i.n.Danis.Academ.t.defen.agains.i.—n.where.a.th.sayin.goes,.F..hav.to.muc.an.fewe.hav.to.little .”an..foreigne.i.struc.b.th.sw...egalitarianis.tha.prevails.wher.th.lowlies.cler.give.yo..leve.gaze.wher.Si.an.Madam.hav.disappeare.fro.co age.eve.Mr.an.Mrs.It...natio.o.recyclers—abou.5..o.Danis.garbag.get.mad.int.somethin.new.an.n.nuclea.powe.plants.It’..natio.o.tireles.planner.Train.ru.o.time.Thing.operat. wel.i.general... Suc..natio.o.overachiever...brochur.fro.th.Ministr.o.Busine..an.Industr.says.“Denmar.i.on.o.th.world’aniz..countries.wit.virtuall.n.pollution.crime.o.poverty.Denmar.i.th.mos..orruption-fr e.societ.i.th.Norther.Hemisphere.”So.o.course.one’.hear..ift.a.an.sightin.o.Danis.sleaze.skinhea.graffit.o.buildings(“Foreign...Ou.o.Denmark.”).broke.bee.bottle.i.th. gutters.drunke.teenager.sl.mpe.i.th.park...nd.Yo.driv.throug..Danis.town.i.c.me.t.a.en.a..ston.wall.an.o.th.othe.sid.i..fiel.o.barley..ni..clea.line.tow.here .countr.there.I.i.no..natio.o.jay-walkers.Peop..stan.o.th.cur.an.wai.fo.th.re.ligh.t.change.eve.i.it’..a.m....there’.no..ca.i.sight.Howev er.Dane.don..thin.o.themselve.a...a.nting-at-2-a.m.-for-the-green-ligh.people——that’.ho.the.se.Swede.an.G..mans.Dane.se.themselve.a.jazz.people.improvisers.mor.fre.spirite.tha.Swedes.bu.th.trut.is.thoug.on.sh oul.no.sa.it)tha.Dane.ar.ver.muc.lik.German.an.Swedes.Orderlines.i..mai.sellin.point.Denmar.ha.fe..atura.resources.limite.manufactur in.capability.it.futur.i.Europ.wil.b.a..broker.banker.an.distributo.o.goods.Yo.sen.you.good.b.containe.shi.t.Copenhagen.an.thes.bright. young.English-speaking.utterl.honest.highl.discipline.peopl.wil.ge.you.good.aroun.t.Scandinavia.th.Balti.States.an.Russia.Airports.sea ports.highways.an.rai.line.ar.ultramoder.an.well-maintained...Th.orderlines.o.th.societ.doesn’.mea.tha.Danis.live.ar.les.m..s.o.lonel.tha.your.o.mine.an.n.Dan.woul.tel.yo.so.Yo.ca.hea.pl.nt.abou. bitte.famil.feud.an.th.sorrow.o.alcoholis.an.abou.perfectl.sensibl.peopl.wh.wen.of.on.da.an.kille.themselves.A.orderl.societ..a.no.exe mp.it.member.fro.th.hazard.o.life.Bu.ther.i..sens.o.entitlemen.an.securit.tha.Dane.gro.u.with.Certai.thing.ar.your.b.virtu.o.citizenship.an.yo.shouldn’.fee.ba....takin.w ha.you’r.entitle.to.you’r.a.goo.a.anyon.else.Th.rule.o.t..welfar.syste.ar.clea.t.everyone.th.benefit.yo.ge.i.yo.los.you.j.b.th.step.yo.tak.t.ge..ne.one.an.th.orderli nes.o.th.syste.make.i.possibl.fo.th.countr.t.weathe.hig.unemploymen.an.socia.unres.with.u..sens.o.crisis.66.Th.autho.think.tha.Dane.adop..__.attitud.toward.thei.country.A.boastfu.B.modes.C.deprecatin.D.mysterious67.Whic.o.th.followin.i.NO..Danis.characteristi.cite.i.th.p.ssage?A.Fondnes.o.foreig.culture.B.Equalit.i.society..C.Linguisti.tolerance.D.Persisten.planning.68.Th.author’.reactio.t.th.statemen.b.th.Ministr.o.Busines..n.Industr.i.___.A.disapprovin.B.approvin.C.noncommitta.D.doubtful69.Accordin.t.th.passage.Danis.orderlines.___.A.set.th.peopl.apar.fro.German.an.SwedesB.spare.Dane.socia.trouble.besettin.othe.peopleC.i.considere.economicall.essentia.t.th.countryD.prevent.Dane.fro.acknowledgin.existin.troubles70.A.th.en.o.th.passag.th.autho.state.al.th.followin.EXCEP.tha.___.rme.o.thei.socia.benefitsB.Dane.tak.fo.grante.wha.i.give.t.themC.th.ope.syste.help.t.tid.th.countr.overD.orderlines.ha.alleviate.unemploymentANSER66-70 B A D C D四、Summary writing （写作）Directions: In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 250 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the essay.通常, 王华林的一天是这样的。

研究生英语综合教程答案(苏大版)

Unit 1Text B Answer to questions1.It means the speech for the defence in which the prosecution’s case was answered point bypoint, rebuttal or vindication2.Because an apology in politics merely leads to fresh accusations and further demands forembarrassing details.3.Self-destructive; it was halfway between the two meanings: half defiant vindication, halfadmission of guilt.4.(1) Everyone has to apologise for his life, sooner or later. When we appear at the LastJudgment and the Recording Angel reads out a list of our sins, we will presumably be given an opportunity to apologise, in the old sense of rebuttal, and in the new sense too, by way of confession and plea of repentance. (2) It is well to apologise (in the new sense), but promptly, voluntarily, fully and sincerely. If the error is a matter of opinion and un-punishable, so much the better — an apology then becomes a gracious and creditable occasion, and an example to all. (3) An enforced apology is a miserable affair. (4) A ready apology is the mark of a gentleman, more particularly if it is not necessary. It is the opposite of revenge.5.(1)The way in which he apologized: climbing the stupendous mountain strongholdbare-footedly in the depths of winter and making his kowtow to Hildebrand, Pope Gregory VII; (2) the nature and result of the apology: insincere, tragic, not healing to both parties, not accepted.6.The ball is in your/his/her court means it’s your/his/her turn to take action or reply. The titlesuggests that one could derive great power or strength, morally speaking, if they are ready to apologise when necessary.Further reading1.utility2.infallible3.extensions4.consciousness5.progress6.tendency, coded/rooted/stipulated7.DNA8.infallibilityTranslationE-C毋庸置疑，任何人都要为自己的一生辩护，不管是今生还是来世。

苏州大学英语真题答案解析

苏州大学英语真题答案解析在备战苏州大学英语考试时，了解过去真题的解析是非常重要的。

通过分析真题，我们可以了解题型的特点和解题思路，提高应试能力。

本文将针对苏州大学英语真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地应对考试。

第一部分：听力（约20分钟）苏州大学英语听力考试一般包含短对话和长对话两个部分。

短对话通常围绕日常生活中的实际情境展开，涵盖的内容包括购物、交通、旅行等；长对话则更加具体，涉及生活经验和社会话题。

在解答短对话时，考生需要注意对话中的关键信息。

这些信息可能包括时间、地点、人物以及他们的意图和感受等。

因此，提高听力辨别能力至关重要。

在练习时，可以选择一些与日常生活相关的对话进行听力训练，提高对话中关键信息的捕捉能力。

对于长对话，考生需要更多的上下文推断能力。

考生需要仔细听取对话中的细节信息，并据此推断对话双方的意图和观点。

此外，考生还需要注意对话的整体结构和逻辑关系，以便更好地理解对话的内容。

第二部分：阅读理解（约30分钟）苏州大学英语阅读理解部分一般包含多篇文章，每篇文章后面跟有若干道相关问题。

这些问题可能是根据文章内容进行信息理解、推理判断、观点评价等。

考生需要在有限的时间内准确把握文章的中心思想和主要观点，从而更好地回答问题。

在解答阅读理解问题时，考生需要善于利用关键词。

阅读理解中常常会出现一些关键词，如“因此”、“然而”、“总之”等，这些关键词往往能够帮助考生抓住文章的转折点和结论。

此外，考生还需要注意文章的段落结构和逻辑关系，以便更好地理解文章的整体结构和文意。

第三部分：完形填空（约20分钟）苏州大学英语完形填空部分一般包含一篇较长的文章。

文章内容可能涉及社会、文化、科技等各个领域。

考生需要根据文章的上下文，选择正确的词语或短语，完成文章的空缺。

解答完形填空时，考生需要注重上下文的连接关系。

文章中的每个空缺都是逻辑和语义的延伸，因此，考生需要仔细阅读前后句之间的逻辑关系，以便更好地推测出正确答案。

苏州大学_研究生英语读写佳境_词汇填空选择

Test OnePart Ⅰ VocabularySection ADirections: There are thirty incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. His career was not noticeably__________by the fact that he had never been to college.他未受过高等教育并未(阻碍)他的事业受到关注A) prevented B) restrained C) hindered D) refrained2. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be_______in deeper.当陷入流沙，不要挣扎，不然你势必会被更深地(吸入)A) absorbed B) pushed C) heaved D) sucked3. To_______for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.为（补偿）他不愉快的经历，他喝上一杯可能更对他有好处A) commence B) compromise C) compensate D) compliment4. All visitors are requested to_________with his regulations.所有的访问者被要求（遵守）他的规则A) comply B) agree C) assist D) consent5. The captain__________the horizon for approaching ships.船长（仔细检查）船靠岸A) scanned B) scrutinized C) explored D) swept6. The vast majority of people in any given culture will________to the established standards of that culture.大部分成年人无论哪个人沉溺于文化必须遵循那个文化既定的标准A) confine B) conform C) confront D) confirm7. Although he was on a diet, the food__________him enormously.尽管他在节食期间，但食物对他仍有巨大的(诱惑)A) inspired B) tempted C) overcame D) encouraged8. His argument doesn't suggest that mankind can_________to be wasteful in the utilization of these resources.他的观点并不能表明人类在利用资源时能够（承担得起）这种浪费A) resort B) grant C) afford D) entitle9. If you want this painkiller, you will have to ask the doctor for a____________ .如果你在这止痛药，你必须要有医生的（处方）A) receipt B) recipe C) subscription D) prescription10. Some fish have a greater__________for acid water than others.一些鱼比其他鱼对酸性的水有更强的（忍受力）A) tolerance B) resistance C) dependence D) persistence11. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in______with its surroundings.那个国家有一个村落看上去生活都与周遭（融洽）A) coincidence B) harmony C) uniform D) alliance12. The court considers a financial_________to be an appropriate way of punishing him.法院认为财政的(处罚)会是一个对他最好的惩罚A) payment B) obligation C) option D)penalty13. It is true that_________a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much research time.(培育)一种野生的植物作为主要的农作物如小麦需要有大量的研究期A) multiplying B) breeding C) magnifying D) generating14. The government has devoted a larger slice of its national_________to agriculture than most other countries. 政府比其他国家在他们的农业上投入更大部分的（预算）A) resources B) potential C) budget D) economy15. In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is__________ .在这个贫穷的国度，生存是一个主导的产业，其他的都是(奢侈)A) luxury B) accommodation C) entertainment D) refreshment16. The students showed ____________when solving the difficult math problem.当解决困难的数学问题时，学生们会显示出其（独创性）A) ingenuity B) validity C) impurity D) infinity17. The document is__________unless it is officially stamped.这个档案是(无效)的，除非有官方的印鉴A) valid B) deliberate C) confidential D) invalid18. She showed taste and _______________in furnishing her home.她展示她对家中布置家具的品味和（辨别力）A) recognition B) discrimination C) realization D) normalization19. Do you have a ___________of ownership for this car?你有这车的产权(证)吗？A) document B) label C) passport D) certificate20. The original canal was twice__________for the larger modern boats.为适合更大的现代船只，这条运河在原基础上两次(拓宽)A) broadened B) brightened C) flattened D) strengthened21. A building__________the idea of the architect.建筑（表达）了设计师的理念A) embodies B) embraces C) integrates D) deviates22. The boy __________up the room again by dropping bits of paper everywhere.男孩再次（弄乱）了房间，到处扔满了碎纸屑A) messed B) threw C) confused D) upset23. People had been conscious of the problem before, but the new book made them aware of its________ .人们能够认识到之前的问题，但新书能够使他们认识(多数)的问题A) manuscript B) multitude C) masterpiece D) magnitude24. His________habits soon exhausted all the money he had inherited.他（荒唐）的行径很快耗尽了所继承的所有财产A) significant B) extravagant C) exquisite D) fantastic25. The story was___________; it was complete untrue.这个故事是(捏造的)，它完全是不真实的A) facilitated B) fascinated C) fabricated D) formulated26. He_______several paragraphs from the newspaper article to read at the meeting.他从报纸摘录了几段以备晚上阅读A) concentrated B) omitted C) distracted D) extracted27. The young man __________himself bitterly for his behavior that evening.年轻人为昨天晚上的行为苦苦地自(责)A) approached B) reproached C) praised D) encouraged28. In the sentence ―She lives alone by himself‖, the word alone is___________ .这个单词“alone”的意思是（多余的）A) artificial B) necessary C) suitable D) redundant29. At present, China has signed many_________trade agreements with other countries.目前为止，中国与其他国家签署了许多（互惠）的商业贸易协定A) comprehensive B) reciprocal C) favorable D) advantageous30. A country isn't respected if it__________an international agreement.一个（亵渎）国际协议的国家是不会得到尊重的A) simplifies B) cancels C)postpones D)violatesSection BDirections: For each of the italicized words or phrases, four choices are given. Choose the one that best explainsor defines the italicized part.1. The plane took a dramatic dive along the trajectory of the mighty Angle Falls – the longest waterfall in the world – as it down into Devil‘s Canyon.垂直落下A) ascended B) fell C) dropped D) plummeted2. It was one of the most awe-inspiring sights I have ever , but almost equally incredulous was the fact that we were the only ones there!见过，看到过A) saw B) beheld C) looked at D) thought about3. But the Pemon are extremely hosts. From the moment we arrived, it was clear that they were genuinely excited to share their culture and learn about us.亲切、热情A) compassionate B) attractive C) gracious D) unfriendly4. Our quickly disappeared and before we knew it, we were dancing alongside the Pemon.拘束感A) embarrasment B) oppression C) suppression D) inhibitions5. As much as I found the trip , I would not say it is for everyone.令人愉快的A) cheerful B) exhilarating C) interesting D) charming6. Three of the five nights were spent in hammocks, which did not suit everyone‘s natural .轮廓(体形)A) outline B) inclinations C) tendency D) contours7. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the of ultimate righteousness.维护(斗蓬)A) excuse B) mantle C) consideration D) protection8. Reasons for the latest of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find.汹涌(热烈地讨论)A) uprising B) upgrading C) surge D) rolling9. He was sentenced to nine months' imprisonment for providing poison to a lonely 83-year-old woman suffering from severe back pains, as well as deafness and blindness.早期的A) initial B) serious C) deadly D) initiative10. Some zealous actions by pro-euthanasists have supplied to those who contend that legalizing active voluntary euthanasia would be the sin edge of the wedge for a variety of abuses.口实(军火弹药)A) arguments B) reasons C) evidence D) ammunition11. The proposal produced a storm of in France.义愤(这个提议在法国引起了公愤A) offense B) outrage C) criticism D) hatred12. Hitler's horrifying program of the weakest members of society regularly comes up in European debates on euthanasia.消除(清除) 清除最弱的社会群体A) exterminating B) destroying C) extinguishing D) expelling13. From the time when we first begin to make friends with the opposite sex, to when we start dating and , till we finally take the plunge and get married, few of us realize that we are gambling all along.确定恋爱关系A) going steady B) becoming regular C) getting absorbed D) getting normal14. To many of us, gambling is, in many cases, a non-toxic drug against boredom and .冷漠（无聊）A) indifference B) cynicism C) unfeeling D) apathy15. If a man makes gambling , he will not only lose his property gained through years of toil, he will also lose his dignity and conscience.偏执、着迷A) an instinct B) an obsession C) a good idea D) an impulse16. Ever since then, he had developed an palm and got so addicted to gambling that nothing and nobody can stop him.自此以后，他更加(贪)财而赌博上瘾到没有任何事情和人能够阻止他A) irritating B) annoying C) restless D) itching17. We can accomplish this by encouraging an interest in so many other activities that gambling itself will lose its fascination as an to a colorless and dreary existence.如同opiate，(鸦片)A) change B) remedy C) modification D) opiate18. This idea is more today than before.这个主意比以前更适合于今天A) difficult to see B) actually legal C) favored D) appropriate19. The ice will fast on a warm day like this.溶解A)freeze B) dissolve C)melt D) flow20. New duties were on wines and spirits.新的关税将征收于酒与汽水A) removed B) cut C) imposed D) checked21. But whenever a new and fast method of transport comes up, Americans are quick to the old.但当一个新的、快速的传输方法被推出，美国人会很快地(抛弃)旧的(方法)A) destroy B) improve C) discard D) decide22. All foreign troops must from the country.外国军队必须(撤出)这个国家A) retire B) retain C) withdraw D) revise23. There was no of poison in the coffee the chemist analyzed.化学分析出来咖啡中没有毒药的(痕迹)A) trace B) taste C) color D) smell24. You always follow your own instead of thinking of our feelings.你经常跟随着自己的倾向而不是依据我们的感知A) conducts B) profits C) occupations D) inclinations25. The farm ministers scheduled an emergency meeting in Luxemburg in hopes of easing the worldwide mad cow .疯牛病引起的（惊慌）A) panic B) peril C) hazard D) alarmTest TwoPart ⅠVocabulary6. A washing machine of this type will certainly _____ up to normal domestic use.A) hold B) stand 足够承受C) come D) take7. Passengers are_____ not to leave their cases and packages here.A) commanded B) informed C) notified D) ordered8. Could you possibly ______ me at the next committee meeting?A) stand in for B) make up for C) fall back on D) keep in with9. Complete the form as _____ in the notes below.指示，说明书A) insisted B) specified C) implied D) devised10. We couldn't ______ the old lady to travel by air.劝诱老妇人坐飞机A) initiate B) inquire C) induce D) indicate11. A promising executive should be ready to welcome tight ______ and hard work.A) deposit B) bid C) speed D) budget预算12. Guess whom I ______ into this morning. bump into 撞击A) hit B) stepped C) bumped D) met13. The new director of the television station wants to ______ its programs.使多样化, 作多样性的投资A) divide B) decide C) diversify D) divert14. The educational plan will fail because it has no______ . 前景A) vacation B) version C) vision D) variation15. Mark ___offered to help me to learn English . 认真地A) on duty B) in vain C) on purpose D) in earnest16. The international community imposed ______ on that country for its terrorism.A) sanctions B) safeguards C) tariffs D) measures 国际合作sanctions批准17. Don't be carried away by mere_____ in this matter.情绪化A) sentiment B) sensitivity C) session D) sensation18. Difficulties and hardships have ______ the best qualities of the young geologist.A) brought out B) brought aboutC) brought forth D) brought up19. The hall was very crowed with over fifty people ______ into it.A) pushed B) packed C) stuck D) stuffed20. If the land belongs to you, why don't you lay ______ to it?A) label B) demand C) right D) claimSection B1. Many laughs followed statements such as ―It was nice meeting you, too.‖A) special B) mundane C) sour D) funny2. The Chamber of Commerce local business.A) restrains B) controls C) boosts D) oversees3. In our life, it is likely for us to have some with others.A) conflict B) friction C) harmony D) connection4. as a mature student, I often sneaked in to the back of the student sessions.A) serving B) Masquerading C) escort D) dressing up5. The Irish people have a hatred toward the British government after the Irish famine.A) forged B) influence C) indulge D) inquiry6. Other experts that some laughter is indeed aggressive in nature.A) concede B) announce C) assert D) insist7. If these bad weather conditions , the game will be canceled.A) stay B) persist C) permit D) insist8. The doctor did not the possibility of food poisoning.A) foresee B) accept C) rule out D) foretell9. There are differences between these two words.这两个单词之间有微妙的区别11. A statement by the two companies uses the phrase ―increased cooperation‖, thereby inferring quite accurately that the two firms already work together.A) claimed B) issued C) predicted D) reported12. The simple plan into a complicated scheme.简单的计划（进化）成复杂的进程表A) evolved B) summarized C) exaggerated D) transformed13. They give top to protecting endangered animals.他们把濒危灭绝的动物以最优保护A) favor B) assistance C) significance D) priority14. Most traditional folk songs are of anonymous origin.Test ThreePart I VocabularySection ADirections: There are twenty five sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A), B), C), and D). Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.1. Fears that globalization is imposing a deadening cultural uniformity are as as Coca-Cola, McDonald‘s, and Mickey Mouse these days.A) troublesome B) enticing C) ubiquitous D) disgusting2. If critics of globalization were less obsessed with ―Coca-colonization,‖ they might notice a rich feast of cultural mixing that fears about Americanized uniformity.A) lies beneath B) belies C) disapproves D) strengthens3. The beauty of globalization is that it can free people from the of geography.A) restraint B) tyranny C) demoralization D) imposition4. For a start, many ―American‖ products are not as all-American as they seem.A) characteristic B) archetypal C) synthetic D) artificial5. Most of the world has adopted the metric system born from the French Revolution; America persists with measurements inherited from its British-colonial past.A) time-honored B) antique C) antiquated D) consistent6. The biggest publisher in the English-speaking world is Germany‘s Bertelsmann, whichAmerica‘s largest, Random House, in 1998.A) ate quickly B) eroded C) hammered D) gobbled up7. People‘s culture—in the sense of their shared ideas, beliefs, knowledge, inherited traditions, and art—may scarcely be eroded by mere commercial artifacts that, despite all the furious branding, embody at best _____values.A) unconvincing B) flimsy C) superficial D) commercial8. Most developed countries have become intensely , but many Americans burn with fundamentalist fervor—like Muslims in the Middle East.A) secular B) pious C) religious D) superstitious9. Latin American salsa, Brazilian lambada, and African music have all carved out globalfor themselves. In most countries, local artists still top the charts.A) fans B) enthusiasts C) musicians D) niches10. Germans once objected to soccer because it was deemed English; now their soccer team isof national pride.A) an embellishment B) the embodiment C) emblematic D) an embarrassment11. ―What's happening now is the trisection of world power,‖ he continued. ―nations on the bottom, smokestack countries in between, and knowledge-based economies on top.‖A) Agrarian B) uncivilized C) underdeveloped D) underprivileged12. The electric-light bills must be very modest indeed, for there are no flashing signs to the eye, no gaudily dressed windows to tempt the feet to loiter.A) arrest B) assault C) shield D) glisten13. If you have the (as I once had) actually to walk into one of these establishments wearing a ready-made suit, you will regret it.A) rashness B) audacity C) tenacity D) shrewdness14. Meanwhile, the tailors themselves, so neat, so clean, so , are busy with the pins and the chalk.A) gracious B) spruce C) deft D) polished15. My usual trouser man is smaller and livelier, more bustling, more cheerful gossip. A long and intimate acquaintance with trousers has made him far more democratic and earthy.A) hostile to B) sensitive to C) detached from D) given to16. When I was young, I lived much outside my own country. I found this very profitable in diminishing the intensity of prejudice.A) insular B) hypothetical C) irrational D) foolproof17. The first step—waking up to the of the world's environmental problems—has in a sense been under way for more than two decades.A) dimensions B) impacts C) urgency D) irreversibility18. Environmental concerns were viewed by many Third World leaders in 1972 as ―luxury problems‖ that only rich nations could afford to deal with. Although this view is still by some, it has a thoroughly unconvincing ring.A) loathed B) espoused C) rectified D) verified19. Meanwhile, foreign-aid donations have stagnated since the mid-1980s, and $ 1.2 trillion worth of foreign debt has accumulated, sapping financial earnings and the credit-worthiness of low-income countries.A) undermining B) illustrating C) underlying D) magnifying20. While the rich may on the upper decks and protect themselves for a while, they too are ultimately threatened.富人可以聚集在甲板上A) shelter B) congregate C) relax D) watch indifferently21. A sustainable society is one that satisfies its needs without the prospects of future generations.A) disturbing B) neglecting C) jeopardizing D) penalizing22. The Merrill Center the new wave of ―green architecture,‖ a catchall term for design and construction practices that take into account a whole checklist of environmental goals.A) revolutionizes B) quantifies C) epitomizes D) parallels23. In summer the garden helps keep the building cool by it under a layer of moist material. In winter it insulates against cold. 夏天，公园用一层潮湿的材料屏蔽出凉爽A) shadowing B) relieving C) benefiting D) shielding24. Relying on an incomplete accounting system, one that does not measure the destruction of natural capital associated with gains in economic output, we our productive assets, satisfying our needs today at the expense of our children.A) reduce greatly B) drain C) deplete D) liquidate25. Boosters of Western culture can point to increased efforts to preserve and protect the environment. Yet they make no mention of some less aspects of Western culture, such as cigarettes and automobiles.A) civilized B) salubrious C) ostensible D) formidableSection BDirections: There are twenty five sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. In order to repair barns, build fence, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeed be__________.A. restlessB. skilledC. strongD. versatile27. It is a(n) ___________ that the French eat so much rich food and yet have a relatively low rate of heart disease.A) analogy B) paradox C) correlation D) illusion28. He said that ending the agreement would _________ the future of small or family-run shops, lead to fewer books being published and increase prices of all but a few bestsellers.A) venture B) expose C) jeopardize D) legalize29. These continual ________ in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.A) transformations B) relations C) fluctuations D) expeditions30. The conference discussed, ________, the possibility and measures of environmental pollution protection.A) all the same B) in the long runC) among other things D) to the point31. Under the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat ________ by steam.A) towed B) pressed C) tossed D) propelled32. Parents often faced the ________ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.A) paradox B) junction C) dilemma D) premise33. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his________ as he developed his own technique.A) descendants B) predecessors C) successors D) ancestors34. A 1994 World Bank report concluded that ________ girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.A) assigning B) admitting C) involving D) enrolling35. It seems somewhat ___________ to expect anyone to drive 3 hours just for a 20- minute meeting.这看上去有些荒谬，让任何一个人驾驶3个小时的车程只为了20分钟的会议A) eccentric B) impossible C) absurd D) unique36. Professor Smith explained the movement of light___________ that of water.Smith教授解释从水的运动类推出光的运动A) by analogy with B) by virtue of C)in line with D)in terms of37. The hands on my alarm clock are __________, so I can see what time it is in the dark.在我手上的手表会发亮的，所以我可以在黑暗中看到时间A) exotic B) gorgeous C) luminous D) spectacular38. The Government‘s policies will come under close ________ in the weeks before the election.政府的政策会在本周的选举前会受到审查A) appreciation B) specification C) scrutiny D) apprehension39. Anyone not paying the registration fee by the end of this month will be _________ to have withdrawn from the program.任何人本月月底不交会费会被视同放弃程序A) contemplated B) deemed C) acknowledged D) anticipated40. Police and villagers unanimously _________ the forest fire to thunder and lightning.警察与村民异口同声地将森林火灾归咎于雷电与闪电A) ascribed B) approached C) confirmed D) confined41. You shouldn‘t _______ your father‘s instructions. Anyway he is an experienced teacher.你不能不服从你父亲的指示，无论怎样他是一个经历丰富的老师A) deduce B) deliberate C) defy D) denounce42. The company management attempted to _______information that was not favorable to them, but it was all in vain.公司管理层努力封锁消息，这对他们不利，况且这也是徒劳的。

苏大文正(电气班)专业英语复习资料

句子翻译1、P1电路或电网络由以某种方式连接的电阻器、电感器和电容器等元件组成。

如果网络不包含能源，如电池或发电机，那么就被称作无源网络。

换句话说，如果存在一个或多个能源，那么组合的结果为有源网络。

在研究电网络的特性时，我们感兴趣的是确定电路中的电压和电流。

2、P4三相电路不过是三个单相电路的组合。

因为这个事实，所以平衡三相电路的电流、电压和功率关系可通过在三相电路的组合元件中应用单相电路的规则来研究。

这样看来，三相电路比单相电路的分析难不了多少。

3、P17逻辑变量我们讨论的双值变量通常叫做逻辑变量，而象或和与这样的操作被称为逻辑操作。

现在我们将简要地讨论一下这些术语之间的关联，并在此过程中，阐明用标示“真”和“假”来识别一个变量的可能值的特殊用途。

4、P86控制系统三个基本的性能指标是稳定性、满意的稳态精度和满意的暂态响应。

如果已知系统的传递函数，劳斯-胡尔维茨判据会告诉我们系统是否稳定。

如果系统稳定，可以确定各种类型输入时系统的稳态精度。

为了确定暂态响应的特性，我们需要知道特征方程的根在s平面上的位置。

遗憾的是，特征方程通常不能分解成因式并且是高阶的。

根轨迹技术是一种当任意单一参数，如增益或时间常数，从零变到无穷时确定特征方程的根的位置的一种绘图方法。

因此，根轨迹不仅提供系统绝对稳定性而且提供稳定裕量的信息，稳定裕量是描述暂态响应特性的另一种方法。

如果系统是不稳定的或暂态响应不令人满意，根轨迹给出可能改进响应的方法并很方便地定性描述这些改进的效果。

5、P89正如图2-3A-4中指出，增加极点将使根轨迹远离该极点；增加零点将把根轨迹拉向零点。

随着到根轨迹的距离的减小，它们的作用强度会增加。

零点可以提高系统的相关稳定性，因为零点对根轨迹或部分根轨迹有拉的作用，使根轨迹远离虚轴，向更左的左半平面移动。

相位滞后补偿情况类似，使用零、极点来进行补偿。

然而，增加的零、极点对靠近原点，比图2-3A-6b所示的更近，是为使靠近原点的根轨迹可以显示出来。

苏州大学《英语视听说四》2022-2023学年第一学期期末试卷

苏州大学《英语视听说四》2022-2023学年第一学期期末试卷课程名称：英语视听说四专业：英语班级：英语2021级考试形式：闭卷考试满分：100分---注意事项：1. 本试卷共四部分，总分100分，考试时间为120分钟。

2. 请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上的答案无效。

3. 所有题目必须回答，选择题请将正确答案的字母填在答题纸上，其余题目请将答案写清楚。

---第一部分选择题（共20题，每题2分，共40分）1. 在听力理解中，听众通常需要注意（）A. 语法的复杂性B. 说话者的语速C. 单词的拼写D. 文本的长度2. 观看视频时，理解情境的关键是（）A. 观看时的情绪B. 对话的语气和表情C. 文字的准确性D. 音乐的选择3. 在英语口语中，流利度指的是（）A. 发音的准确性B. 语法的复杂性C. 连续说话的能力D. 词汇的丰富性4. 学习英语听力时，最有效的方法是（）A. 只听慢速英语B. 听各种语速的材料C. 只听母语者的发音D. 仅依赖字幕5. 在对话中，使用“填充词”的主要目的是（）A. 增强语法的复杂性B. 让对话更生动C. 给自己时间思考D. 表达具体的观点6. 理解口语表达的文化背景是（）A. 不必要的B. 非常重要的C. 仅在考试中重要D. 只对写作有帮助7. 在进行小组讨论时，良好的倾听技巧包括（）A. 一直打断别人B. 只关注自己的观点C. 给出反馈和总结D. 忽略非语言信息8. 视听材料的选择应考虑（）A. 内容的娱乐性B. 学习者的兴趣和水平C. 媒体的流行程度D. 视频的时长9. 在演讲中，非语言交流指的是（）A. 使用的专业术语B. 说话的流利程度C. 肢体语言和面部表情D. 声音的音调10. 学习英语口语时，语音语调的重要性在于（）A. 提高词汇量B. 增强沟通效果C. 增加听力难度D. 确保语法正确11. 听力练习中的“预测”技巧主要是（）A. 根据上下文推测信息B. 完全依赖听到的内容C. 只关注单词的发音D. 记忆每一句话12. 口语表达中的“准确性”通常指（）A. 说话的流利性B. 使用正确的词汇和语法C. 说话的音量D. 使用的句子长度13. 在参加口语考试时，考生应该（）A. 随意回答问题B. 组织思路，清晰表达C. 尽量不与考官目光接触D. 避免使用例子14. 观看外语电影有助于提高（）A. 文法能力B. 听力和口语能力C. 阅读速度D. 写作技巧15. 听写练习的主要目的是（）A. 提高听力理解B. 增强词汇记忆C. 改善书写能力D. 提高语法水平16. 在口语练习中，反馈的作用是（）A. 帮助了解自己的错误B. 增加练习的难度C. 让学习者感到紧张D. 保持学习的动力17. 在进行小组讨论时，最重要的原则是（）A. 每个人都能发表意见B. 强调个人观点C. 让最强的发言者主导D. 只关注一个话题18. 听力理解中的“语境”是指（）A. 听到的每个单词B. 说话的背景和场合C. 听力材料的长度D. 说话者的情绪19. 学习英语的最佳方式是（）A. 只看英语电影B. 多方位接触英语C. 只听英语广播D. 完全依赖教科书20. 提高口语表达的一个有效方法是（）A. 练习模仿和复述B. 避免使用新词汇C. 只在课堂上练习D. 不与他人交流---第二部分填空题（共10题，每题2分，共20分）1. 听力理解的关键在于对 **________** 和 **________** 的捕捉。

苏州大学研究生英语考试模拟作文

As we all know, people can’t live without each other. We affect each other all the time in one way or another. Therefore, it is necessary to get on well with one another in harmony.（和谐）
Health, wealth and happiness have always been what many people want to get. Different people have different opinions about them. Some people think health can bring us happiness, while some others think only wealth can make us live a happy life.
In my opinion, studying abroad is good for us to broaden ourminds（拓宽视野）and learn how to adapt to(适应)the society better, whichishelpfulfor our future development.
There are many ways of establishing（建立）harmonious relationship between people. Firstly, A smile can always shorten the distance from others. we should fill the world with love. Secondly, we should show our respect for others. We should care for each other and help those in need. In addition, being tolerant（容忍）and easy-going（随和）are also very important.

江苏大学研究生英语学术论文写作复习重点2019修订

考试题型：一．回答问题二．文体对比stylistic features: subjective(主观的)/objective(客观的)三．语篇分析---textual development /analogy四．语篇改写句子和句子之间衔接词语少了There are numerous reasons for……at first, …….secondly, ….In addition, /additionally,/furthermore, …/what is more,Chapter 1 Introduction to Academic Research Writing1.1The nature of Academic ResearchScientific: Unbiased and objective conclusionRigorous: Relevance, accuracy, and completenessSystematic: Organization of procedure following a certain logical sequenceValid& reliable: Essential scientific proof for justifiabilityReplicable: Same results yielded if repeating exactly the same procedureOriginal: Contributing to the existing stock of knowledgeResponsible: Acknowledge sourcesCritical: Openness to critical scrutiny1.3 Types of Academic PaperA professional paper is a formal printed document in which professionals present their views and research findings on any deliberately chosen topic.1) Research paper 2) Academic Report 3) Review Article4)Brief/Rapid Communication 5) Course paper 6)Thesis & Dissertation1.4 The Style of English Academic Writing （记忆方法A b C C E F R）Generally, English Academic writing is:1) formality(正式性)-- to avoid using contractions, colloquialisms, abbreviations andacronyms, phrasal verbs, asking questions and second person pronoun (you) in addressingreaders.2) complexity(复杂性)--Written language is relatively more complex than spoken languageGrammatically: more clauses and embedding;more attributing adjectives;more prepositional phrases;more passive than spoken language.Lexically: fewer but longer words/ phrases;more nominalizations;more lexical variation.3) explicitness(表意清楚)—avoiding vague expression or ambiguity.Explicit in expressing ideas;Explicit in signposting the organization of the ideas;Explicit in acknowledging the sources.4) accuracy(准确)--Academic writing uses vocabulary accurately. Most subjects have words with narrow specific meanings.6) conciseness(简洁明了)Use more content words rather than function wordsEliminate unnecessary qualifiersInvolve less passive sentences6) impersonal and objective(客观性)--Written language is in general objective rather than personal. It therefore has fewer words that refer to the writer or the reader. This means that the main emphasis should be on the information that you want to give and the arguments you want to make, rather than you.Impersonality: Pronouns are uncommon while passive commonHedging: the avoidance of too definite statements or conclusions to make the writing safer and more objectiveLanguage used in hedging:1) Introductory verbs e.g. seem, tend, look like, appear to be, think, believe, doubt, be sure, indicate, suggest2) Certain lexical verbs e.g. believe, assume, suggest3) Certain modal verbs e.g. will, must, would, may, might, could4) Adverbs of frequency e.g. often, sometimes, usually5) Modal adverbs e.g. certainly, definitely, clearly, probably, possibly, perhaps, conceivably,likely6) Modal adjectives e.g. certain, definite, clear, probable, possible7) Modal nouns e.g. assumption, possibility, probability8) That clausese.g. It could be the case that...It might be suggested that...There is every hope that...9) To-clause+e.g. It may be possible to obtain...It is important to develop...It is useful to study...Here are some examples of cautious or tentative style.7) responsibility(负责任)---Academic writing refers to information from a range of print, digital and other sources, all of which must be clearly referenced in your text references other writers’ work.Plagiarism(剽窃) The definition of plagiarism：Plagiarism is the act of using another person’s language or ideas without acknowledgment. (The word plagiarism is derived from a Latin word for kidnapper.) A dictionary defines it as 'the use or imitation of words and ideas of another person and the representation of them as one's original work. 'Two types of plagiarism: ①deliberate ②unintentionalTo avoid plagiarism: ①paraphrasing ②summary ③synthesisTwo ways provide the correct acknowledgement:1. Summary and citation: Smith (2009) claims that modern states power in new ways.2. Quotation and citation: According to Smith: 'The point is not that the state is in retreat but that it is developing new forms of power...'(Smith.2009.103)如果遇到分析题，就是先判断是否属于剽窃，再写剽窃的定义，再FOR EXAMPLE。

研究生英语读与译课本翻译期末考试总结

1、When Chou en-lai’s door opened they saw a slender man of more than a average heightwith gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩来的房门打开时，他们看到一个身材修长的人，身高中等偏上，目光炯炯有神，面部轮廓分明，称得上清秀。

2、If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday eveningdoes not wish to get into trouble , he will return the umbrella to No.10 Broad Street. He is well known.上周日傍晚，有人曾见某君在市教堂取走雨伞一把。

取伞者若不愿卷入纠纷，还是将伞送回布劳德街十号为妙。

此君是谁，人尽皆知。

3、I have pinned a note on the notice board as reminder of our meeting next week. （词类转换）我在布告牌上别了个纸条用来提醒我们下周见面。

4、This essay is a proof of his capability of using the “right” word at the right place.（词类转换）这篇文章说明他把词用的很得体。

5、The complexity of the road map puzzled the truck driver. （词类转换）交通图非常复杂，使卡车司机如坠迷雾。

6、Admission by Invitation Only.（词类转换）非请莫入。

7、He loses no time in practicing English. （词类转换）他抓紧一切时间学习英语。

苏州大学《英语读写一》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷

苏州大学《英语读写一》2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷课程名称：英语读写一专业：英语班级：英语 2021 级考试形式：闭卷考试满分：100 分---注意事项：1. 本试卷共四部分，总分 100 分。

考试时间为 120 分钟。

2. 请将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上的答案无效。

3. 所有题目必须回答，选择题请将正确答案的字母填在答题纸上，其余题目请将答案写清楚。

---第一部分选择题（共 20 题，每题 2 分，共 40 分）1. 阅读理解的主要目的是（）A. 理解文章的主旨B. 记忆细节信息C. 提高词汇量D. 增强语法能力2. 在写作中，段落的主题句通常出现在（）A. 开头B. 中间C. 结尾D. 随意位置3. 以下哪个词的意思与“happy”最接近（）A. SadB. JoyfulC. AngryD. Tired4. 阅读一篇文章时，找出作者的观点通常需要（）A. 注意标点符号B. 理解语法结构C. 识别信号词D. 记住每个细节5. 文章的“引言”部分的主要作用是（）A. 提供背景信息B. 总结全文C. 论证观点D. 给出例证6. 写作时，使用连接词的目的是（）A. 增加文章长度B. 使句子更加复杂C. 提高文章的流畅性D. 降低语法难度7. 在学术写作中，引用他人观点时应该（）A. 忽略来源B. 精确引用并注明来源C. 随意修改内容D. 只用作者的名字8. 文章的“结论”部分通常包含（）A. 新的信息B. 个人观点C. 总结和展望D. 细节例证9. 在写作过程中，避免使用（）A. 具体例子B. 模糊的表述C. 适当的连接词D. 清晰的句子结构10. 进行批判性阅读时，读者应关注（）A. 文章的形式B. 作者的意图和偏见C. 文章的长度D. 语言的难度11. 在写作中，使用主动语态的优势是（）A. 增加文章的复杂性B. 使句子更加清晰C. 避免重复D. 增强正式感12. 理解词汇的上下文含义可以帮助读者（）A. 更快地记忆单词B. 提高阅读速度C. 更准确地理解文章D. 简化阅读过程13. 当写作时，应确保句子结构（）A. 随意B. 单一C. 多样D. 复杂14. 文章的主题通常是（）A. 作者的个人经历B. 文章讨论的主要思想C. 文章的字数D. 文章的出版日期15. 在进行语言学习时，听说读写四项技能中，哪项技能最重要（）A. 听B. 说C. 读D. 写16. 写作中的“草稿”阶段主要用于（）A. 完成最终版本B. 记录初步想法和结构C. 进行语言修改D. 准备发表17. 阅读时，快速浏览以获取大意的技巧是（）A. 精读B. 扫读C. 略读D. 理解18. 进行文献综述时，应该（）A. 只选择相同观点的文章B. 考虑不同观点和研究C. 忽略来源D. 仅列出参考文献19. 在写作时，清晰度的提高主要依赖于（）A. 复杂的句子结构B. 简洁的语言表达C. 长篇大论D. 多用外来词20. 进行有效的时间管理有助于（）A. 提高写作质量B. 减少学习压力C. 提升阅读效率D. 以上皆是---第二部分填空题（共 10 题，每题 2 分，共 20 分）1. 阅读理解的过程包括 ______、分析和评估。

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Unit2A1,Green plants elaborate organic compounds from inorganic by means of photosynthesis2,Many court cases in the past 15 years have shown that a competent physician who carries out euthanasia will suffer no prosecution.3,Euthanasia has been a very controversial issue in Europe since at least 1936.4,The fact he had collected through on-the-spot observation provided him with anmmunition for his argument.5,We will never take compassion on snake-like scoundrels.6,76% of those who participated in the poll gave almost the same response.7,John’s arthritis is getting so unberable these days that he has to be hospitalized.8,Hatred against those spreading rumors about him surged(up) within him.9,Despitc some exception,compassionate killings are dealt with very moderately in British courts. 10,The advocates of euthanasia have been working with such great zeal that they are regarded as quite radical in some European coutries.B1,The long simmering enthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce debate,with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate rightousness.2,And so the euthanasists have begun to press their case with greater force.3,Cancer patients and sufferers from multiple sclerosis are the most frequent subejects of euthanasia in Holland...4,Last fall 19 distinguished British doctors wrote an open letter calling for the legalization of euthanasia for AIDS patients in the advanced stages of their illness.5,Some zealous actions by pro-euthanasists have supplied ammunition to those who contend that legalizing active voluntary euthanasis would be the sin edge of the wedge for a variety of abuse.6,Even in the Netherlands ,the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround even those with elaborate safe guards.T1，不少病入膏肓者为了求得解脱往往要求医生使用致命药物；也有一些病人家属觉得彻底治愈病人已经无望，因此要求医生不要对病人进行保命式的治疗。

最近，安乐死这一问题再欧洲国家已酿成一场激烈的大争论。

Quite a few terminally ill patients would often like their doctors to administer lethal drugs to them to be relieved of suffering; there are also some of their families who would prefer that doctors withdraw any life-prolonging treatment since there is no hope of effecting an ultimate cure. This problem has lately boiled over into a fierce public debate in some European countries. 2，反对者认为安乐死无异于谋杀，是不符合伦理道德的。

而倡导者认为既然病人自己觉得生不如死，干嘛不让他们以一种体面、人道的方式结束自己的生命？我们应该尊重病人的最终选择。

Those who are opposed to ‘Euthanasia’believe that it is no different from murder and that it is unethical, while the pro-euthanasists contend that since the incurably ill consider their existence more of a torment and suffering, why not let them end their lives in a decent andhumane way? We ought to respect the patients’final decision.3，人们对安乐死可能被人滥用，或不必要使用的担心不无道理，但只要从政府和有关方面措施得力，医院严格控制，这个问题最终或许可以得到解决。

The fear that ‘mercy killing’will be abused or used unnecessarily is not groundless. But with effective measures rigorously taken by the government and the departments concerned, and under tightly controlled conditions in hospitals, this problem would most probably be resolved in the end.Unit 3A1,Very many of the things we bend over backwards to do involve taking some risk.2,Joe said that the first time he was at the conference he was just like babe in the woods.3,Sometimes,even a chance remark may result in tragedy.4,The odds are usually in favor of those who are brave enough.5,Mind you: she always smites with her tongue.6,Dick is not the king of person who likes to splash his money about.7,You can rest assrued that the sun is not always shining on him.8,I asked him to beat a hasty retreat but my words wrer like water off a duck’s back.B1,...a business transaction,even a chance remark may result immediately or ultimately in tragedy. 2,To many of us,gambling is ,in many cases a non-toxic drug against boredom and apathy,and may well help preserve good temper,patience and optimism.3,As a matter of fact,few of us have the right to condemn gambling as few of us can say that they never gamble-even if it is only investing a few pence in a football sweep or a “lucky dip”.4,If a man makes gambling an obsession-almost a form of insanify-he will not only lose his property gained through years of hard work.5,...if one sticks to his limits,it is more a game of fun than the root of all evils.6,...the gambling itself wil lose its fascination as an opiate to colorless and dreary existence.T1，我们这么冒险城市，无非是为了与自己或命运赌一把，并从中实现自我的价值。

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