英语阅读

9003 航海英语阅读理解
阅读 1
A ship’s head up, or un-stabilized, radar display has ship’s heading marker fixed at 0000, at the top of the screen. All targets, fixed or moving, then move relative to the ship’s position in the center of the screen and the heading marker. As the ship moves through the water, fixed targets appear to track down the screen on a reciprocal heading at the speed the ship is moving and the ship alters course targets appear to rotate in the opposite direction to that of the ship, so targets appear to move on the radar screen while the ship’s remain fixed, the coasting on a radar display is designed to allow a certain amount of afterglow of target, which in the ship’s head up mode causes smearing and may make the identification of smaller targets difficult. In addition, when target particulars large landmasses are in close proximity interference occurs, which can further inhibit the detection of small targets.
船舶首向上或不稳定雷达显示使得船首向标固定在000度，就是屏幕的上方。所有目标， 无论固定的还是移动的，都相对于屏幕中央的船舶位置和船首标志移动。船舶对水移动时，固定物标看起来在相反首向上以船舶移动的速度在屏幕上追踪，当船舶改变航向时，目标看起来在与船舶相反的方向上旋转，因此，的那个船首向边吃固定时，目标看起来在雷达屏幕上移动。雷达显示器显示器的涂层被设计来允许一定量的目标余辉，这种余辉在首向上模式中造成拖尾效应，而使得小目标的识别更加困难。此外当目标，特别是大块的陆地，在近距离的时候，干扰出现，干扰会进一步妨碍小目标的侦测。
(1) In the ship’s head up mode, if the ship rotates starboard-wise all fixed targets on the screen will appear to______.
A. rotate starboard-wise
B. rotate port-wise
C. remain stationary
D. move on a reciprocal heading at the speed the ship is moving
key: B
(2) Afterglow of targets will _______.
A. have ship’s heading marker fixed at 000?
B. cause the fixed targets to remain fixed
C. inhibit the detection of small target
D. make the identification of smaller targets difficult
key: D
(3) It can be concluded that the instrument referred to in this passage is most likely a/an ____.

A. ordinary radar
B. APPA
C. specially designed radar
D. radar which is out of use

key: A
(4) When radar is set to ship’s head up display, all fixed targets displayed on the screen will appear
to ________.
A. track down the screen on a reciprocal heading at the speed the ship is moving
B. rotate in the same direction as the ship rotates
C. make the identification of smaller targets difficult
D. allow a certain amount of afterglow of targets
key: A
阅读 2
Major coast radio stations all over the world transmit, at regular intervals and in code, weather information for ships within range. Weather in

formation consists of ten parts, of which ships usually make use of three, that is, warning, synoptic situation and forecast. With weather information, mariners are able to keep away from disastrous weather at sea and reduce the danger a great deal. As terrible weather is predicted, ships can take precautions beforehand, by delaying the voyage or seeking shelter in a safe place. If there is a high sea or a long swell, they can take some measures to safeguard the cargo and the ship.
全球大多数海岸无线电台以一定的时间间隔，用代码的形式为其覆盖区内的船舶发送天气信息。天气信息由10个部分构成，船舶通常利用其中的3个部分，即警报、天气大势和预报。借助天气信息，航海者在海上能够远离灾害性天气并大大降低危险。由于恶劣天气可以预报，船舶可以事先采取预防措施，推迟航次，或在一个安全位置庇护。如果有大浪或者长涌，他们可以采取一些措施保护货物和船舶。
(1) Weather information usually tells people something about weather _____.

A. afterwards
B. in advance
C. at the same time
D. when there’s bad weather

key: B
(2) Of the following, _____ is not the way for ships to keep away from bad weather.

A. delaying voyage
B. staying in port
C. speeding up and running away
D. pumping out ballast water

key: D
(3) Weather information for ships is usually transmitted by coast radio stations _____.

A. any time of the day
B. at fixed time
C. in different languages
D. in some parts of the world

key: B
(4) Coast radio stations generally provide weather information for ships _______. ○1 in code ○2 in a certain language ○3 in written form

A. ○1
B. ○1○2
C. ○2
D. ○1○2○3

Key: A
阅读3
Logbook is used to record the full daily events occurring the ship’s stay in a harbor, anchorage, or underway, and they are also requested to produce evidence in case of official about accidents. There are generally four kinds of logbooks in use. The deck logbook, the ship’s logbook, the official logbook and abstract logbook. Logbooks required by law, are to be filled out by master or officers on board every ship, the form of which must be approved by shipping or marine authorities.
Since the logbook is of great importance and its contents are admissible as evidence when they are called for in the accident. Everything recorded in it must be true and accurate. No contradiction should occur in the logbook or other documents. No stoppage is allowed. When a misentry has been made, no erasures or cuts are allowed. The way to put it right is to draw a red line on these parts and a correct entry with signature should be made near or above them. It is also to be borne in mind not to make any comment, estimate or guess in the logbook, but the fact only.
航海日志用于记录船舶在港口，锚地或在航期间每天发生的事件，当官方调查事故时

，要求航海日志提供证据。使用中的航海日志有四种形式，甲板日志，船舶日志，正式的船舶日志和日志摘要。法律规定的航海日志要由每条船的船长或者值班驾驶员填写，航海日志的格式必须经航运公司或海事局批准。
航海日志很重要，在事故中它的内容作为证据使用。记入航海日志中的所有内容必须是真实准确的。日志或其它文件中不能出现矛盾。不允许出现中断。当在航海日志中记入错误内容时，不允许出现涂擦或缩减。修正的方法是在错误的部分上画一条红线，在旁边或上方记入带有签名的正确内容。牢记在日志中不允许做任何评论，估计或猜测，仅有事实存在。
（1） “NO STOPPAGE is allowed” in this passage means ______

A. the vessel cannot stop at sea.
B. no stoppage is allowed for ship’s engine.
C. the crew shall continue work.
D. Logbook shall recorded consecutively.

Key: D
(2) The vessel need keep a full recorder in the logbook except _____.

A. en route
B. ride at anchor
C. alongside a berth
D. under construction

Key: D
(3) There are 4 kinds of logbook in use, which contains the most information regarding cargo
operation?

A. deck logbook
B. ship’s logbook
C. official logbook
D. not mentioned

Key: D
(4) Which is not the function for the deck logbook?
A. full record of ship operate process
B. produce evidence if inquired
C. record all evident for the vessel when in service
D. as finance report for shipping company
Key: D
阅读 4
The ship loaded with genral cargo had parcels of steel pipes 13 inches diameter stowed 6 tiers high in the aft and of the tween decks. Two lengths of 2.25 inch steel wire laid athwartships across the top of the third tier of pipes, taken back over the top of the sixth tier on completion of stowage and tightened by bottle screws secured to the ship’s framing. In very heavy weather the steel pipes broken adrift and extensive damage resulted to framing, bulkhead, air and sounding pipes, etc.. The wire lashings and bottle screws were completely destroyed.
杂货船上装载了数包直径是13英尺的钢管，在尾舱和双二层甲板上堆了6层。两根长度2.25英尺的钢丝横向穿过钢管第三层的顶部，在第六层的顶部折回完成装载，并用螺丝扣固定在船舶的肋骨上。恶劣的天气下，钢管散落对船舶的肋骨、舱壁、空气管线和测深管等造成重大的损坏。钢丝绳和螺丝扣都完全坏了。
(1) The steel pipes did not cause damage to__________.

A. Framing
B. bulkheads
C. air and sounding pipes
D. the aft end of the tween decks

KEY：D
(2) The diameter of the steel pipes is _______inches.

A. not mentioned
B. 13
C. 6
D. 2.25

KEY：B
(3) The steel pipes were lashed with_______ wires.

A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

KEY：A
(4) The steel p

ipes were stowed in ________ties.

A. 2
B. 3
C. 5
D. 6

KEY：D
阅读5
The Mariner’s Handbook is one of a series of printed and digital publications designed to support the mariner. It covers the following contents:information on charts and their use, opertioanl information and regulation, tides and currents, characteristics of the sea, basic meteorology, navigation in ice, hazards and restrictions to navigation, IALA Maritime System.
Many are mandated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for carriage aboard certain classes of vessel. Full details of the UKHO range of printed and digital products can be found in NP131- Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and Publications. On-line and downloadable PC format digital catalogues may be accessed at or www. admiraltyleisure. . The Mariner’s Handbook(NP2009) has been prepared to assist navigators by providing supplemental information concerning the use and limitations of UKHO charts and publications. All mariners are advised to purchase and maintain an up-to-date copy on board their vessel. Much of the content of the Mariner’s Handbook is relevant to navigators of smaller vessels, but it is recognized that the presentaion and language used within it is primarily aimed at professional navigators, typically operating larger merchant or naval vessels.
海员手册是用来支持航海者的一系列印刷和数字版出版物中的一个。它覆盖了以下的内容：海图的信息和使用，操作信息和规则，潮汐和潮流，海洋特性，基本的气象内容，冰中航行，航行危险物和限制区，国际灯标协会的海上系统。
国际海事组织要求各类船舶携带海员手册。在航海出版物131页---英版海图和出版物的目录中可以找到英国水道测量局出版的印刷和数字版的完整详细的信息。在网址www. admiraltyleisure. . 上可以获取在线和下载版的基于个人电脑格式的数字化目录。海员手册提供有关英国水道测量局的海图和出版物的使用与限制的附加信息来帮助航海者。 建议所有的航海者购买并使船上的海员手册保持更新。海员手册的大部分的内容是关于小船的，但要承认其存在和其中使用的语言主要是针对专业的航海者，尤其是操作大型商船和军舰的操作者。
(1) As following, which is not included in The Mariner’s Handbook?

A. hazards to navigation
B. detail meteorology information
C. navigation in ice
D. tides and currents

KEY：B
(2) If you want to obtain any information about UKHO publications, you can refer to ______.
A. The Mariner’s Handbook
B. The International Maritime Orgnization
C. Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and publications
D.
KEY：C
(3) The Mariner's Handbook is very useful for all the following persons except_______.
A. navigators for small vessel
B. all mariners
C. navigators who operate large merchant vessels
D. navigators

who operate naval vessels
KEY：B
(4) Which of following is not true?
A. Mariner's Handbook is not only printed, but also digital publications.
B. IMO demands Mariner's Handbook on board in classes of vessel.
C. All mariners need not to keep Mariner's Handbook up-to-date on board their vessel.
D. You can download PC format Mariner's Handbook at
KEY：C
阅读6
There is clearly desire by shipping companies to increase efficiency of the seafarer by the introduction of ECDIS. This increased efficiency can be achieved " on watch" by having all the navigational information in a central source. " Off watch" it is increased by reducing the time taken to complete chart updating and passage planning. The MAIB report identified the fatigue of the watchkeeper as one of the main causes of marine incidents. If ECDIS reduces fatigue by improving efficiency both on watch and off watch, the system will directly contribute to safety.
The same report also stated that the hydrographic community should band together to promote ECDIS as a factor to improve both safety and efficiency. In fact, new ECDIS-enabled procedures may allow many shipping companies to better manage their core operations, from batter weather routing to increase voyage optimization and increased integration to other shipboard system that affect operational efficiency.
船务公司希望通过对ECDIS 的利用来提高船员的工作效率。在值班时，这种工作效率的提高可以通过在中心源处获得所有的航海信息来达到。在下班时，可以通过降低完成海图更新和航路制定的时间来达到。英国海事调查局的报告将值班员的疲劳确认为造成海上事故的主要原因之一。如果通过ECDIS提高船员在岗和离岗时的工作效率从而减小他们的疲劳，进而直接提高航行的安全。相同的报告也表明水道测量部门应该相互协助通过ECDIS 来提高安全和效率。事实上，新的ECDIS可用程序可以允许许多船务公司通过优化的气象定线来提高航行的优化性和整合影响操作效率的船上其他系统，从而更好的管理其核心业务。
(1) Why are the shipping companies willing to introduce ECDIS?
A. The use of ECDIS will help to reduce the other equipment on board.
B. The use of ECDIS will help to help improve efficiency.
C. The introduction of ECDIS will help seafarers acquire new technology.
D. The introduction of ECDIS will help administration monitor the safety.
KEY: B
(2) What roles do not ECDIS-enabled procedures play in shipping industry?
A. It can optimize the weather routing.
B. It can speed up ship's turnaround.
C. It can better combine with other shipboard systems.
D. It can Revive the chart industry.
KEY: B
(3) About ECDIS increasing efficiency on board, which one is not mentioned in the passage?
A. It integrates all navigational information.
B. It cuts down the time to correct the chart.
C. It trims down the time for passag

e planning.
D. It gives the suggestion to maneuvers the ship to avoid collision.
KEY: D
(4) What is the main reason of marine incidents claimed by MAIB report?
A. The seafarers on duty are of inadequacy of knowledge.
B. The seafarers on duty are under the fatigue condition.
C. The seafarers on duty are doing something unrelated to safety navigation.
D. The seafarers on duty are of being willfully committed.
KEY: B
阅读 7
When a light it affected by its light list number is quoted, the detailed amendment to the list is given in Section V and may be published in an earlier edition than the chart-updating notice. The entire entry for each light amended will be printed(including minor change) and an asterisk(*) will denote which column contain an amendment. In the case of a new light or where a new sequence is added below the main light, an asterisk(*) will appear under all columns. All section V entries are intended to be cut out and pasted into the book. It is emphasized that the List of Lights is the primary source of information on lights and that many alterations, especially those of a temporary but operational nature, are promulgated only as corrections to the List of Lights. Light positions should be regarded as approximate and are intended to indicate the relative positions of lights only. Charts should be consulted for a more authoritative position. The range of a light is normal the nominal range, except when the responsible authority quotes luminous or geographical range.
当受到其灯标表编号影响的灯标被引用时，在第四部分会给出对该灯标详细的修改信心，并以早于海图更新通告的版本出版。每个灯标的全部记录包括小的修改都会被打印并用星号来表示哪个栏目包括改正的信息。对于新的灯标或是在主要灯标下加入一新的序列的情况，在所有栏目下都会标注星号。旨在将第四部分的全部记录剪下贴到书上。强调了灯标表是关于灯标的主要信息来源和许多修改，特别是那些临时但是具有实用性的修改只能作为对灯标表的修改来发布。灯标的位置应该被认为是大概的近似的位置，旨在表明该灯标的相对位置。对于灯标更权威的位置应该参考海图。除非主管机关引用光达能见距离或是地理能见距离，否则灯标的射程一般指额定能见距离。
(1). The detailed amendment to the List of Light is given in ________.

A. Section VI
B. Sections V
C. Section IV
D. Section III

KEY : B
(2). The range of a light is normal ________

A. the nominal range
B. the luminal range
C. the geographical
D. the real range

KEY: A.
(3) All section V entries are intend to be _____

A. cut out and pasted into the book
B. regarded as approximate
C. amended
D. printed

KEY: A
(4) _____ is not indicated by the asterisk(*) in the Notice.
A. The column contain an amendment
B. The column

of a new light
C. The column of a new sequence
D. The column in which the position should be regard as approximate
KEY: D
阅读8
The lifting hooks are of the on-load/off-load release type. They are designed so that they can be
opened simultaneously to release the lifeboat ,either when it is out of the water and its weight is
suspended from the falls or the lifeboat is floating on the water and there is no weight on the falls.
The hook assembly consists of the two side check plates, which form the frame to which attach the
hook, the blocking lever, the reset lever, and the retaining latch. These components all have holes
drilled through them and are connected to the cheek plates via small shafts that pass through the
components and the corresponding holes in the cheek plates. In the assemble arrangement, the
parts are free to individually rotate about their shafts. The entire assemble is made of galvanized
mild steel.
起重吊钩有承载施放和空载施放两种方式。艇钩设计能够同时脱开，以施放救生艇，无论是
救生艇离开水面，吊艇索支撑其重量，还是救生艇降落到水面，吊艇索上没有任何负荷。
起重钩组配包括两个侧夹板，形成将吊钩 制动块，复位块和锁定销连接到其上的框架。这
些组件在其上都具有钻孔通过，并通过 通过这些组件和夹板上相对应的钻孔的小轴 来连接
到夹板上。在组装安排上，这些部件能自由地围绕着他们的轴独立地旋转。整个部件是由锌
的低碳钢制成的。
(1) How do the parts of the hook assemble work?
A. They pivot about their shafts separately
B. They rotate about the shaft jointly
C. They keep steady about their shafts
D. They connect with each other by shafts and rotate freely
KEY: D
(2) What does “on-load release type” mean?
A. To permit the release of the lifeboat when ship is making way through the water
B. To permit the release of the lifeboat when there is a current or tidal stream
C. To permit the release of the lifeboat when the life boat is lowered into rough water
D. All of the above
KEY: D
(3) What hazard may be resulted from the on-load release hook?
A. An inadvertent release of the life boat can be observe
B. They can be opened simultaneously to release the lifeboat
C. They parts are free to individually rotate about their shafts
D. The fore and aft sest leavers must be operated simultaneously
KEY:
(4) Which of the following does not belong to the hook assemble?

A. The lock piece
B. The reset lever
C. The fall wires
D. The retaining latch

KEY: C
阅读 9
Ship handling operations including maneuvering and controlling the ship by means of engines, helm movements and tug assistance. Berthing means bring the ship to her berth until ship is made fast. A ship may berth port or starboard side on or bow or stem on. .
The term “berth” refer to the quay, or wharf, or pier or j

etty when the ship comes alongside, but it may also mean a place in which a vessel is moored or anchored.
The berthing and unberthing maneuvering require great knowledge and skill by the master, officers and the crews as well as an excellent team-work with the rope-runners and the mooring gear。
A ship may berth port or starboard side to, with no wind or tide, with the tide ahead, with the wind onshore or offshore. The pilot and tug skippers must have good local knowledge of the tides, wind conditions, depths and aids to navigation, but they also have to take into the consideration the transverse and axial thrust of the propeller, how the ship responds to the rudder and how much power she develops when running astern.
船舶装卸作业包括通过主机，施舵和拖轮的协助来操纵和控制船舶。靠泊是指将船带到泊位直到将其挽牢。船可以左 右侧靠泊也可以船首或船尾靠泊。
泊位是指船在靠泊时的码头或是突堤，但也可以指船系泊或抛锚的地方。
靠离泊操纵要求船长和驾驶员及船员具有丰富的知识和精湛的技术。在（）和系泊设备的操纵上具有良好的团队合作。
船舶可以在无风无流，顶流，或在近岸风或离岸风下 左舷或又舷靠泊。引航员和拖轮船长不但要熟悉当地的潮流，风，水深和助航设备的状况，而且要考虑到螺旋桨横向和轴向的推力，舵的反应，和倒车时船提供多少动力。
(1) Berthing means bringing the ship to her berth until _____

A. The ship is made fast
B. the ship’s first line is sent ashore
C. the ship is dredging anchor
D. the ship’s pilot disembark

KEY: A
(2) The master, the pilot and the tug skippers must have good local knowledge of the tides.
Skipper is _______.

A. boss of the tug
B. engineer of the tug
C. captain of the tug
D. bosun of the tug

KEY: C
(3) What is true about the berth??? ______
A. the term “berth” simply refer to the quay, or wharf
B. the term “berth” simply refer to the pier or jetty
C. the term “berth” simply refer to not only the quay, or wharf, or pier or jetty, but also a place
where a vessel is anchored.
D. the term “berth” simply refer to the place in the anchorage
KEY: C
(4) Which statement is not true according to the passage_______
A. a ship may berth port or starboard on or bow or stem on
B. the berthing and unberthing manoeuvres require great knowledge and skill by master, officers
and crew, as well as an excellent team-work with the rope –runners and the mooring party ashore
C. berthing means a vessel to her berth until the ship is made fast
D. the only important thing about berthing is the great knowledge of the ship and no more
KEY: D
阅读 10
Every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above and every ship which is certified to carry 15 persons or more engaged in voyages to ports or offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of other Parties

and every fixed and floating platform engaged in exploration and exploitation of the seabed shall be provided with a Garbage Record Book.
Each discharge operation, or incineration shall be record in the Garbage Record Book and signed for on the date of the incineration by the officer in charge. Each completed page of the Garbage Record Book shall be signed by the master of the ship. The entries in the Garbage record Book shall be at least in English, French or Spanish.
The entry for each incineration or discharge shall include date and time, position of the ship, description of the garbage and the estimated amount incinerated or discharged.
The Garbage Record Book shall be kept on board the ship and in such a place as to be available for inspection in a reasonable time. This document shall be preserved for a period of two years after the last entry is made in the record.
In the event of discharge, escape or accidental loss, an entry shall be made in the Garbage Record Book of the circumstances of, and all reasons for, the loss.
所有400总吨及其以上的船舶和经核定可载运15人以上的船舶，航行前往其他的缔约国所管辖的港口或近海装卸站的船舶，以及从事海底矿产勘探和开发的固定和移动平台，均应备有垃圾记录簿。
垃圾记录簿应记录每次排放或是完成焚烧作业的情况，并应负责的高级船员在焚烧或排放当日签署。船长应在垃圾记录簿完成记录的每一页上签字。垃圾记录簿上每项记录至少应用英语，法语或西班牙语书写。
关于焚烧和排放的每一项记录应该包括日期和时间，船舶的位置，所排放垃圾的种类，焚烧和排放每种垃圾的估计量。
垃圾记录簿应保存在船上随时可取来检查的地方，在进行最后一项记录后保存两年。
就垃圾的处理，泄漏和意外丢失的情况。垃圾记录簿应该记录其情况和丢失的所有原因。
(1) _____ shall not be provided with a Garbage Record Book
A. Every ship of 400 gross tonnage and above
B. Every ship which is certified to carry 15 persons or more
C. Offshore terminals under the jurisdiction of other Parties
D. A fishing ship of 350 gross tonnage
KEY: D
(2) The entry for each incineration or discharge shall not include _____.

A. date and time
B. position of the ship
C. particulars of the ship
D. description of garbage

key: C
(3) The Garbage Record Book shall be kept on board the ship for _____ after the last entry is
made on the record.

A. one year
B. two years
C. three years
D. five years

KEY: B
(4) The entries in the Garbage Record Book shall not be _____ according to the passage.

A. in English
B. in Chinese
C. in Spanish
D. in French

KEY: B

阅读11
The magnetic compass is one of the oldest items of navigational equipment. It gets its source of power from the earth's magnetic field. Despite the rising importance and great convenience

of the gyrocompass, the magnetic compass still retains its importance because of its simplicity and reliability. The magnetic compass will remain operative even when a ship is subjected to the following electrical power failure, fire, collision, grounding or other hazards.
Magnetic compass are composed of a compass bowl and a binnacle stand. The bowl is a bowl-shaped container of nonmagnetic material (brass) which serves to contain the magnetic elements, a reference mark, and the fluid. It is supported in the gimbals within the binnacle. The compass card is an aluminium disc graduated in degrees from 00 to 3600 It also shows cardinal and intercardinal points. It can work satisfactorily against an inclination of within 100. The magnetic needle ( made of MK magnetic steel) sticks positively to the float, which is an aluminium, anti-filled chamber in the center of the compass card, and its magnetism never diminishes due to ageing.
磁罗经是航海仪器中最古老的的设备之一。它的动力来源于地球的磁场。尽管电罗经不断提升它的重要性及其更大的方便性，但是磁罗经由于它的简单和可靠性仍然保持着它的重要性。即使一条船受到电力失效，起火，搁浅或者其他危险的时候，它仍然可以保持运转。
磁罗经由罗经盆和罗经柜组成。罗经盆由一个非磁性物质（铜）做成的一个碗状容器，它主要用来包含磁性成分，一个参考的标志和流动的液体。它被支撑在罗经柜子里的平衡架上。罗经刻度盘是一个带有刻度000-360 的铝制圆盘，它也显示了方位和象限基点，它能够在倾斜10 度内令人满意的工作。磁针（由MK磁钢铁制成）总是主动积极的自由浮动。
在罗经刻度盘的中心是非磁性的没有完全充满的容器，因此磁针不会随着时间而消失。
(1) Which of following is one of oldest navigational aids? B

A. Gyro compass
B. Magnetic compass
C. Earth's magnetic
D. Electrical power

KEY: B
(2) which is not included in compass bowl?

A. Nonmagnetic material
B. Magnetic elements
C. Reference mark
D. Fluid

KEY: A
(3) What is the cener of the compass card? A

A. the magnetic needle
B. compass card
C. the float
D. MK magnetic steel

KEY: A
(4) Which is not the reason that there are still magnetic compasses on board despite the rising importance of the gyrocompass? C
A. The magnetic compass are simplicity and reliability
B. The magnetic compass can still be used when electrical power failure
C. The magnetic compass are more accurate than gyrocompass
D. After collision or grounding, the magnetic compass is still operational
KEY: C
阅读12
A recent example of a collapsed stow occurred in February of 2007, when the container ship"Annabella" encountered heavy seas, in the Baltic Sea. The next morning, it was discovered that stack of containers has collapsed in the No. 3 hold. The contain

ers in the hold included hazardous cargo, in the form of Butylene gas. This incident was investigated by the UK Maritime Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) and it was determined that the collapse was due to the lower tier of containers being unable to support the dynamic loads being imparted, during the heavy weather. The report was also critical of the flow of information between the shipper,planners, loading terminal, and the ship's Master.
一个最近的关于积载倒塌的例子发生在2007年一月，当一个集装箱船 ANNABELLA 在波罗的海遭遇大浪，第二天早上发现NO3舱的集装箱倒塌了，包括那些装有危险货物丁烯气体的集装箱。英国的海上事故调查委员会进行了调查，最后确认事故是由于底层的集装箱在大风浪期间没有经受住动态的冲击力。这份报告在托运人，规划师和码头及船长之间进行了信息交流并且给予了鉴定。
(1) The MAIB determined that the collapse was due to _________. D
A. The containers of this stack were stuffed overweight
B. The lower tier containers were not strong enough
C. The containers contained hazardous cargo
D. The lower tier containers could not hold the dynamic loads
(2) A stack of containers had ______ in the No. 3 hold. B
A. Fell down
B. Fallen down
C. Cracked down
D. Broken down
(3) It was implied, according to the passage, that__________. C
A. The accident report should be criticized
B. All the parties including the shipper and loading terminal should be blamed
C. It was very important to share the report among the relevant parties
D. The ship's master has no responsibility for the accident
(4) In February of 2007, the container ship " Annabella" _____C___ heavy weather in the Baltic
Sea.

A. Experienced unexpectedly
B. Got
C. Met
D. Access


阅读13
The principles of safe manning, and guidance regarding their application , are laid out in the annexes to IMO Resolution A. 890 (21) (Annex B) . It is not mandatory for flag Administration to adhere to these principles and guidelines, but where they are followed, responsibility for the application of the principles rests with the ship's owners and manager, with responsibility for approval falling to the relevant Administration. Although comprehensive, the principles and guidelines are not prescriptive, and converting them into a set number of persons on a particular ship requires many subjective assessments to be made. In this respect, it must be recognized that when determined safe safe manning levels, ship owners and managers cannot ignore the commercial pressures of manpower costs. In the same vein, Administrations cannot ignore the pressure manpower and managers can bring to bear by threatening to move their ships to Administrations which might interpret the principles and guidelines more leniently.
安全配员的原则和关于他们应用的指示，在国际海事组织

A890(21)决议的附件中有明确的规定。它对于那些遵循原则和指导方针的船旗国来说是非强制性的，但是如果他们遵循了这些，应用这些决议的责任取决于船东和管理者，和负责批准的相关机构。尽管从全面来看，这些原则和指示并不规范，把他们转换成一定数量的人员配备在一条具体的船上需要许多相关主管的评估。在这方面，必须认识到当决定安全配员水准的时候，船东和管理者不能忽视人力成本的商业上的压力，同样道理，相关机构也不能忽视人力成本的压力，管理者可以通过威胁他们船舶航行而施加给相关的机构，从而这样的解析这些原则和指导方针会更加宽厚些。
(1) It is inferred that some shipowners and managers may move their ships out of the Administrations which_________. C
A. Interpret the principles and guidelines more leniently
B. Interpret the principles and guidelines strictly
C. are threatened by the regulations
D. could not regulate the ships reasonably
(2) For flag administrations, the Annex B of IMO resolution A. 890 (21) is ________.C

A. Compelled to follow
B. Mandatory regulation
C. Just a guidance
D. Invalid

(3) If the State adopts this Annex, then the responsibility for the application of the principles turns on______. A

A. Ship owners and managers
B. The Administrations
C. The shipper
D. The merchants

(4) When determining safe manning levels, ship owners and managers ________. B
A. without considering commercial pressure of manpower costs
B. concern more about manning costs
C. take into count of crew recruiting costs
D. face many challenges

阅读 14
Malacca and Singapore Straits together form the main seaway used by vessels from Europe and India bound for Malaysian ports, ports on the E coast of Sumatera, Singapore and ports farther NE. They provide the shortest route for vessels trading between Persian Gulf and Japan.
IMO-adopted TSS have been established through Malacca Strait between Permatang Sedepa (One Fathom Bank), and through Singapore Strait to the entrance to South China Sea to South Sea in the vicinity of Horsburgh Light, a distance of about 250 miles. Rules for vesssels navigating through the strait are given at 2.13.
Depth in the routes vary between 20 m and about 23m but there are many areas of sandwaves and depths are liable to change. Designated routes for deep-draught vessels are laid down and shown on the charts. Tidal streams are strong. Aids to navigation are difficult to maintain and may be unreliable. There is considerable fishing activity, often adjacent to port entrances. These factors, together with the density and concentration of traffic; make navigation through the Straits difficult, particularly for deep-draught vessels. The long passage through the Straits demands long periods of vigilance to maintain the required safe standard of navigation.
马六甲和新加

坡一起组成了重要的海上航路，船舶从欧洲和印度驶向马来西亚港口，苏门答腊东部沿岸的港口，新加坡和东北部更远的港口。从波斯湾到日本提供了最短的船舶贸易航线。
国际海事组织所采纳的通过马六甲海峡已经建立分道通航制在一拓浅滩和通过新加坡海峡到南中国的入口到在好斯堡灯塔附近的南海之间，距离大于250海里。船舶航行在海峡的规则在2.13里。
航路里的深度变化在20-23米之间，但是有些地区有沙浪影响了深度，为深吃水船的航路在海图上表现出来了。潮流很强。助航设施很难保持原位而且不可靠。有好多捕鱼活动，经常位于港口的进口附近。这些捕鱼活动和密集的交通流融合在一起。在这些海峡航行是很困难的，尤其是对于深吃水船。通过这些海峡要经过很长的航路，因此为了航行安全的标准来看需要保持长时间的高度警觉。
1.What does TSS stand for in this passage? A

A. Traffic Separation System
B. Traffic Safety system
C. Traffic Singapore Strait
D. Transverse Standard Structure

2. If your vessel bounds for the ports on the east coast of Sunatera from Europe, you must transit _______. A

A. Malacca and Singapore Strait together
B. Malacca Strait only
C. Singapore Strait only
D. Neither Malacca Strait nor Singapore Strait

3. Which of following is not true? D
A. Malacca and Singapore Straits is together routes for vessels from Japan to Persian Gulf
B. Depths in the Malacca and Singapore Strait is vary between 20m and 23m
C. The chart described specially designated route for deep draft vessels
D. Deep draft vessels navigate in Malacca and Singapore Straits with less difficulty
4. Which is not the reason that navigation through the straits is difficult? D
A. Tidal streams are very strong
B. Navigational aids may be unreliable
C. There are so many fishing boats adjacent to port entrance
D. There is low density of traffic
阅读15
Position or directions relative to the ship’s fore-and-aft line are expressed as being either
1. Ahead or astern (or dead ahead or dead astern, if precisely so)
2. on the bow, on one side or the other of dead ahead
3. on the beam, at 90°to dead ahead (on one side or the other)
4. on the quarter on one side or the other of dead astern
Bow，beam and quarter can be sub-divided in order to indicate bearings with great precision.
1. Bow. An object may bear either fine or broad on the bow. Fine on the bow means up to about 30°( say two to three points ) on either side of dead ahead. Broad on the bow means between about 30°before the beam（90度）
2. Beam. An object may be either broad on the beam that is about 90°to dead head or before the beam, or abaft the beam. Before and abaft the beam are terms that apply up to about 30° on either side of a beam bearing
3. Quarter. An ob

ject may bear (方位为) on either the port or starboard quarter, up to about 60°on either side of dead astern. An object bearing on the beam is said to abeam.
相对于船舶首尾线的位置或方向可以表达为如下：
1.前或者后（正前方或者正后方，如果精确的话）
2.在船头，在正前方的一边或者另外一边
3.在正横，对于正前方成90度（一边或者另一边）
4.在船尾部分的正后方的一边或者另一边。
船首和正横及船尾部分可以再细分目的为了更加精确的指明方位。
1. 船首。一个物体可以在船首曲线部分（尖细部分）或者船首宽敞部分。曲线部分（船首尖细部分）意思是正前方往两侧大约30 度左右（也就是2-3罗经点）。宽敞部分表明是正横90度到30 之间的部分。
2. 正横。一个物体可以在正前方开始计算（相对于正前方）大约90 度或者90度前后的任何一侧的宽敞部分。正横前或正横后是适用于正横方位任一侧大约30度的术语。
3. 尾舷。 一个物体的方位可以位于从正后方开始，任何一侧大约60 度左右。一方位在正横上的物标方位可以被说成是正横。
? 1. An object bears broad on the bow. It means that _____. C
A. Its bearing is up to 30°on either side of dead ahead
B. Its bearing is two to three points on either side of dead ahead
C. Its bearing is about 30°to 60°on either side of dead ahead
D. Its bearing is up to 60°on either side of dead ahead
2. An object may broad on the beam. It means that___. ① Its bearing is about 90°to dead ahead ② Its bearing is before the beam ③ Its bearing is abaft the beam. D

A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ① or ② or ③

3. An object may bear on either the port or starboard quarter. It means that____. ① Its bearing is about 120°to 240°of dead ahead ② Its bearing is up to about 60°on either side of dead astern ③Its bearing is between about 30°abaft port beam and starboard beam. D

A. ①
B. ①②
C. ③
D. ①②③

4. Which one of the following is incorrect? C
A. The direction of an object should be expressed as being either ahead or astern
B. Sub-dividing bow, beam and quarter is to indicate bearing with great precision
C. Before is a term used to express a bearing about 30°on either side of a beam
D. The direction or astern of an object is relative to ship’s fore-and-aft line

阅读16
The container vessel stowage plan is a diagram of the structure of the container spaces and the cargo on board. The stowage plan is divided into a series of numbered bay plan that show the container spaces for one bay at a time. Each bay plan shows the cell and tier numbers for each container space and provides space for container codes and weight information. The container codes help to identify the container in that space. The weight information helps the planner distribute the weight of the containers. Once fa

miliar with the container codes in the bay plan, personnel will be able to read the bay plans to locate and identify the container in them. Container codes consist of a port code, a container serial number, loading sequence code, and container weight.
集装箱船的配载图是一种关于集装箱空间的结构图。被分隔成一系列带数字的排或行的配载图显示的是在这个时间的集装箱空间的一排或一行。每一个排或行 的图显示的是每个集装箱空间列或层的数字包括了集装箱的代码和重量的信息。代码帮助你识别空间里的集装箱。重量的信息有助于规划师进行重量的分配。一旦你在行或排 图上熟悉了这些数字，相关人员将会定位和识别相关的集装箱。集装箱代码的组成由港口代码，集装箱的序列号，装载序列码和集装箱的重量组成。

⑴ The container vessel stowage plan is _______.D
A. a photo of the containers cargo on board
B. a drawing of the container structure
C. a picture of the container vessel layout
D. a document showing the layout of the container spaces and cargo on board
⑵ _____ excluded in container codes. B

A. a port code
B. container type
C. container weight
D. container serial number

⑶ In the bay plans ______ could not be found. C

A. the cell and tiers numbers
B. container codes
C. container owner
D. container weight

⑷ The bay plan of container vessel shows the containers distribution ______ C

A. transverse
B. vertical
C. longitudinal
D. horizontal


阅读17
Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.
In construing and complying with these rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger.
本规则条款并不免除任何船舶或其所有人、船长或船员由于遵守本规则条款的任何疏忽，或者按海员通常做法或当时特殊情况所要求的任何戒备上的疏忽而产生的各种后果的责任。
在解释和遵行本规则条款时，应充分考虑一切航行和碰撞的危险以及包括当事船舶条件限制在内的任何特殊情况，这些危险和特殊情况可能需要背离本规则条款以避免紧迫危险。
⑴ A vessel shall have due regard to _____ in constraining and complying with these rules.
A. all dangers of navigation and collision
B. all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances
C. all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special circumstances, the limitations of the vessels involved
D. all dangers of navigati

on and collision and to any special circumstances, the limitations of the vessels involved, a departure from these Rules
KEY: B
⑵ According to the passage, you may depart from the Rules, when ____.

A. you are in a close-situation
B. you are in immediate danger
C. no vessels are in sight visually
D. no vessels are visible on radar

KEY: B
⑶ The title of the passage may be _____

A. Dangers of navigation and collision
B. Departure from the Rules
C. Neglect of precaution
D. Responsibility

KEY: D
⑷ The Rules shall not exonerate ____ from the consequences of any neglect.

A. any vessel or the owner
B. the master or the crew
C. the owner, the master, the crew
D. any vessel or the owner, the master or crew

KEY: D
阅读18
At some Brazilian ports weather conditions may prevent the pilot from boarding. Under these circumstance the vessel can be guided into port by signals given from the pilot vessel or from a watch boat.
Signals from a watch boat are given by a black sphere run up to the ?. the position of the spehere in relation to the mast indicate the side that the ship should ? 未打完
在某些巴西港口，天气情况可能妨碍引航员登船。在这种情况下，船舶通过引航船或值班船给出的的信号被引导进港。
⑴if a pilot boat guides you into port, it will display ____.
A. a blank sphere
B. a red signal flag
C. a blank signal flag
D. a red sphere

⑵ One vessel can be guided into port by signals from ____.
A. the pilot boat
B. a ferry boat
C. the pilot boat and a watch boat
D. the pilot boat and a ferry boat

⑶ if the watch boat display a sphere on the port to the mast, you should stear your vessel to ____.
A. portside
B. starboard side
C. ahead
D. astern

⑷ if the pilot boat display a red flag upright, you should ______.
A. turn to port
B. turn to starboard
C. keep amidships
D. reduce your speed

阅读 19
At French ports of any consequence （重要性） pilotage is carried out by pilots commissioned （委任）by the state and belonging to an organization associated with each port authority. It is compulsory for vessels of a certain length or tonnage as laid down for each port. Further details are given in the text of this book.
In naval ports the pilotage service comes under the authority of the Harbor Master and pilotage is provided by naval pilots.
In ports where pilotage is compulsory, requests for a pilot should be made between 12 and 48 hours in advance of arrival, or on leaving the previous port of call if this is later. Pilotage fees are surcharged （额外收费）if the request is late.
Vessels requiring a pilot are required to make the usual signals given in International Code of Signals on entering the pilotage district. Masters are required to tell the pilot, when he boards, the draught, speed and any special conditions affecting the manoeuvrability of their vessels.
在法国任何重要港口，引航由政府委任的

、属于与每一港口当局有关的引航员完成。对于每个港口所规定的一定长度或吨位的船舶来说，引航是强制性的。这本书中的课文给出进一步的细节。
在军港，引航服务在港务局长的授权之下进行，引航由海军引航员完成。
在强制引航的港口，必须在到港之前12-48小时提出引航请求，如果这样做太迟，就在离开上一挂靠港之时提出请求。如果引航请求提出的晚，引航费要额外收费。
要求请求引航的船舶在进入引航区时发出《国际信号码》中给出的通常的信号。要求船长在引航员登船时，向其告知船舶吃水、船速，以及影响船舶可操纵性的任何特殊情况。
(1)At French ports, pilotage is ________ for the vessels of a certain length or tonnage.

A. free
B. voluntary
C. difficult
D. forced

Key: D
(2) If the request of pilot is late, which of following is true?

A. The pilotage will be delayed
B. It will be refused to enter French ports
C. not mentioned
D. You have to pay more pilotage fees

Key: D
(3)When pilot on board, master of the ship is required to tell the pilot a lot of information except _____.

A. ship's draft
B. ship's speed
C. ship's crew members
D. ship's manoeuvrability

Key: C
(4)In naval ports the pilotage service is provided by ____.

A. Harbor Master
B. port authority
C. naval pilots
D. pilots commissioned by the state

Key: C

阅读 20
A general cargo ship sank in front of the Catalonia Coast (Spain) after two hours of her departure, the weather conditions being excellent. The information given by the port authorities revealed that the ship was overloaded at her departure, with an extra weight of 370 T, and that she arrived at the port with ballast, which made her trim aft. Both the ballast water formerly carried and the extra weight on board made the ship leave port overloaded and she did not reach the minimum stability criteria established by the IMO. These studies showed the deficiency of stability as the main reason for the loss of the ship.
The studies concluded that the ship did not have enough reserve of stability to confront a cruise(巡航，巡游) and therefore could not recover from a small heel, which made her heel over completely until she sunk.
一艘杂货船在离港后两小时，在良好天气状况下，在Catalonia 海岸（西班牙）前沉没。港口当局提供的信息揭示，船舶离港时超载，超载重量为370吨，并且船舶到港时载有压载水，使得船舶尾倾。先前载有的压载水和船上超载的重量使得船舶在离港时超载，没有达到国际海事组织规定的最低温性标准。这些研究表明，稳性缺陷是船舶灭失的主要原因。
该研究得出结论：船舶没有足够的稳性储备来面对航行，因此，不能够从小的横倾中复原，这就使得船舶彻底倾侧，直至沉没。
(1)It was concluded th

at the main reason for the loss of the ship is______ .

A. Excessive free surface
B. Excessive shear force
C. Sufficient freeboard
D. Un-proper stability

Key: D
(2)The general cargo ship sank in front of the Catalonia Coast ______.

A. before her reaching the port
B. during her transit to the port
C. Soon after leaving the port
D. right after entering the port

Key: C
(3)The port authorities stated that the ship arrived at the port ______.
A. with cargo and made her trim by the head
B. without cargo and trimmed by the stern
C. with ballast on even keel
D. with ballast and trimmed forward
Key: B
(4)When the accident happened, the weather was ______.

A. boisterous
B. severe
C. not so good
D. favorite

Key: D

阅读 21
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based global navigation satellite system that provides location and time information in all weather, anywhere on or near the Earth, where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. The GPS program provides critical capabilities to military, civil and commercial users around the world. In addition, GPS is the backbone for modernizing the global air traffic system.
The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is an automated tracking system used on ships and by Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) for identifying and locating vessels by electronically exchanging data with other nearby ships and VTS stations. AIS information supplements (补充) marine radar, which continues to be the primary method of collision avoidance for water transport. Information provided by AIS equipment, such as unique identification, position, course, and speed, can be displayed on a screen or an ECDIS.
An Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) is a computer-based navigation information system that complies with International Maritime Organization regulations and can be used as an alternative to paper nautical charts. An ECDIS system displays the information from electronic navigational charts (ENC) and integrates position information from the Global Positioning System and other navigational sensors, such as radar and AIS. It may also display additional navigation-related information, such as Sailing Directions and fathometer（测深仪）.
全球定位系统是基于空间的全球航行卫星系统，它在所有气象条件下在地球上或地球附近的任何地方，在四颗或以上卫星畅通无阻的视线上提供位置信息和时间信息。
自动识别系统是船舶和船舶交通服务所使用的自动跟踪系统，用来通过与附近其他船舶和船舶交通服务站进行电子信息交换，以便识别并定位船舶。
电子海图显示及信息系统是基于计算机的航行信息系统，它符合国际海事组织的规定，可以作为纸质海图的替代手段。电子海图显示及信息系统显示来自电子航用海图的信息，并整合来自全球定位系统和其他导航传感器

，例如雷达和自动识别系统，的信息。它还可以显示额外的与航行有关的信息，例如《航路指南》和测深仪（的信息）。
(1)Which is not the information source of ECDIS system?

A. electronic navigational charts
B. Global Positioning System
Key: D
C. Sailing Directions
D. Vessel Traffic Service

(2)Which equipment is the most important method of collision avoidance at sea?

A. RADAR
B. GPS
C. VTS
D. ECDIS

Key: A
(3)Which of following is not true?
A. Global Positioning System (GPS) is a land-based global navigation satellite system.
B. GPS can provide position and time information in all weather
C. GPS program can be used by military, civil and commercial users
D. GPS also is the backbone for modernizing the global air traffic system
Key: A
(4)______ will display some information, such as ship's position, course and speed.

A .APAR B. GPS C. VTS D. ECDIS
Key: D

阅读 22
With respect to requirements for hospital accommodation, ships carrying 15 or more seafarers and engaged in a voyage of more than three days' duration shall provide separate hospital accommodation to be used exclusively for medical purposes; the competent authority may relax this requirement for ships engaged in coastal trade; in approving on-board hospital accommodation, the competent authority shall ensure that the accommodation will, in all weathers, be easy of access, provide comfortable housing for the occupants and be conducive (有益于，有助于) to their receiving prompt and proper attention.
关于医院住舱条件，运载15名或以上海员并从事三天以上航行的船舶，应配备单独的医院舱室，完全用于医疗目的，对于从事沿海贸易的船舶，主管当局可以放松（降低）该要求，在批准船上医院舱室时，主管当局应确保该舱室在任何气象条件下易于进入，为住院患者提供舒适的住所，并有益于患者得到立即和应有的关注。
(1)The hospital accommodation can be used when______.

A. when no cabin available
B. ship owner use only
C. local pilot use only
D. for patient only

Key: D
(2)the word "exclusively" in this passage can be replaced by______.

A. specially
B. excluded
C. included
D. made public

Key: A
(3)For coastal trade vessels, the standard for carry hospital accommodation can be______.

A. same as ocean going vessel
B. high than ocean going vessel
C. lower than ocean going vessel
D. decided by ship master

Key: C
(4) Which one is not the requirement for hospital accommodation______.

A. for medical purposes only B. convenient to reach
C. comfortable housing D. sufficient decorated

阅读 23
The Chief Officer，or First Mate as he is often called，is the Master's chief officer and head of the Deck Department. He is assisted by a Second Officer (Mate)，a Third Officer(Mate)，and sometimes a Fourth Officer(Mate). Several

companies employ a First Officer as well as a Chief Officer. The Deck Department also includes a Boatswain (Bosun) and a Carpenter，both petty officers，and a number of ratings. These made up of Able Seamen (AB)，Ordinary Seamen (OS) and a middle grade known as Efficient Deck Hands (EDH). There are other grades of seamen. On some ships Navigating Cadets are carried for training purposes.
The Chief Engineer is head of the Engine Department. He is assisted by a Second，Third，Fourth and sometimes Fifth Engineer. An Electrical Officer may also be carried. The engine room petty officers are the Storekeeper and Donkeyman. On tankers there is also a Pumpman. He is also a petty officer. The engine room ratings are Firemen and Greasers. There may also be Engineer Cadets.
The Catering Department is under the Chief Steward. It is divided into a saloon and galley section. The former is headed by the Second Steward，the latter by the Ship's Cook. They are both usually petty officers. They are assisted by several stewards and cooks，and by a number of junior ratings.
The Radio Department often consists of only one man: the Radio Officer. On ships where continuous radio watches are kept there may be three radio officers: a Chief，Second and Third.
（1）.________ is not a petty officer.
A. Boatswain B. Second Steward
C. Radio Officer. D. Storekeeper
（2）.EDH is rank which is higher than________.
A. Second Steward B. AB
C. OS D. Chief Engineer
（3）.Storekeeper belong to ________.
A. Deck Dept B. Engine Dept
C. Catering Dept D. Radio Dept
（4）.There are ________ departments on bard a big ship according to the passage.
A. two B. three
C. four D. five
Key: CCBD

阅读24
The container ship is different from the conventional type and is an innovation noted for easier handling and quicker turnover of cargoes. Cargoes to be carried by this type of ship are pre-packed into containers before being loaded aboard the ship.
Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes. Made of metal or other durable materials，they are watertight after sealing and can therefore be stowed on deck whilst being carried. One of the features of container ships is that some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.
The container ship is becoming increasingly popular in trading circles，and the trend is that the tonnage thereof will grow at a faster pace in future.
（1）.What does "innovation" in the first paragraph mean? ________.
A. making changes
B. the introduction of an antigenic substance into the body against a specific disease
C. The act of introducing something new.
D. revolution
（2）.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes.
A. filled
B. loaded