国际经济学试题答案

《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）Ch1-Ch31. The Un ited States is less depe ndent on trade tha n most other coun tries be causeA) the Un ited States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B) the Un ited States is a “ Superpower ”C) the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anythi ng.D) the Un ited States in vests in many other coun tries.E) many countries invest in the United States.2. Because the Con stitutio n forbids restrai nts on in terstate trade,A) the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B) the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.C) the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it i nvo Ives a finan cial in termediary in New York State.D) the U.S. may not impose export duties.E) the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3. I nternatio nal econo mics can be divided in to two broad sub-fieldsA) macro and micro.B) developed and less developed.C) monetary and barter .D) intern atio nal trade and intern ati onal mon ey.E) static and dyn amic.4. I nternatio nal mon etary an alysis focuses onA) the real side of the intern ati onal economyB) the intern atio nal trade side of the intern ati onal economyC) the intern ati onal inv estme nt side of the intern ati onal economyD) the issues of intern ati onal cooperatio n betwee n Cen tral Ban ks.E) the mon etary side of the intern ati onal economy, such as curre ncy exc han ge.5. The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA) trade betwee n Asia and the U.S. has grow n faster tha n NAFTA trade.B) trade in services has grow n faster tha n trade in goods.C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products.D) In tra-Europea n Union trade exceeds intern atio nal trade by the Europe an Union.E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada.6. The gravity model expla ins whyA) trade betwee n Swede n and Germa ny exceeds that betwee n Swede n an dSpa in.B) co un tries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C) capital rich countries export capital intensive products.D) intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of trad e betwee n n eighbori ngcoun tries.E) Europea n coun tries rely most ofte n on n atural resources.7. Why does the gravity model work?A) Large econo mies became large because they were en gaged in intern ati on al trade.B) Large econo mies have relatively large in comes, and hence spe nd more on gover nment promotio n of trade and in vestme nt.C) Large econo mies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a productive activity will take place within the borders of that countryD) Large econo mies tend to have large in comes and tend to spe nd more o n imports.E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8. We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably mo re with the United States than with many other countries.A) This is expla ined by the gravity model, since these are all large coun tries.B) This is expla ined by the gravity model, since these are all small coun tries.C) This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are small coun tries.D) This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large co un tries.E) This is explained by the gravity model, since they do not share borders.9. In the present, most of the exports from China areA) manu factured goods.B) services.C) primary products in clud ing agricultural.D) tech no logy inten sive products.E) overpriced by world market sta ndards.10. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative a dva ntage gains from trade because itA) is produci ng exports in directly more efficie ntly tha n it could alter nativelyB) is produci ng imports in directly more efficie ntly tha n it could domestic ally.C) is producing exports using fewer labor units.D) is produci ng imports in directly using fewer labor un its.E) is produci ng exports while outsourci ng services.11. The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the principle of comparative advantage result toA) differe nces in tech no logyB) differe nces in prefere nces.C) differences in labor productivity.D) differe nces in resources.E) gravity relati on ships among coun tries.12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its con sumptio n bun dleA) in side its producti on possibilities fron tier .B) on its product ion possibilities fron tier .C) outside its production possibilities frontier.D) in side its trade-part ner's product ion possibilities fron tier .E) on its trade-part ner's producti on possibilities fron tier .13. Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in theUn ited States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japa n are $10 per hour . Pro duction costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA) U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B) U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 un its per hour and Japa n's 20 un its per hour.C) U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 un its per hour and Japa n's 30 un its per hour.D) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 25 units per hour.E) U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 40 units per hour.14. In a two-country , two-product world, the statement “ Germanyenjoys a comparative adva ntage over France in autos relative to ships Is equivale nt toA) France hav ing a comparative adva ntage over Germa ny in ships.B) France hav ing a comparative disadva ntage compared to Germa ny in autos and ships.C) Germa ny hav ing a comparative adva ntage over France in autos and ships.D) France hav ing no comparative adva ntage over Germa nyE) France should produce autos.15. If the Un ited States' product ion possibility fron tier was flatter to the wid get axis, whereas Germa ny's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA) the Un ited States has no comparative adva ntageB) Germa ny has a comparative adva ntage in butter.C) the U.S. has a comparative adva ntage in butter .D) Germa ny has comparative adva ntages in both products.E) the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51. The Ricardia n model of intern ati onal trade dem on strates that trade can be mutually ben eficial. Why , the n, do gover nments restrict imports of someg oods?A) Trade can have substa ntial effects on a coun try's distributi on of in comeB) The Ricardia n model is ofte n in correct in its predicti on that trade can be mutually ben eficial.C) Import restricti ons are the result of trade wars betwee n hostile coun triesD) Imports are on ly restricted whe n foreig n-made goods do not meet domest ic sta ndards of qualityE) Restricti ons on imports are in ten ded to ben efit dom estic con sumers.2. Japa n's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA) japa nese rice farmers have sig nifica nt political power.B) Japa n has a comparative adva ntage in rice producti on and therefore expo rts most of its rice crop.C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in fre e trade in rice.D) there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engaging in free trade in rice.E) Japa n imports most of the rice con sumed in the country3. In the specific factors model, which of the following is treated as a specif ic factor?A) LaborB) LandC) ClothD) FoodE) Tech no logy4. The specific factors model assumes that there are _______ goods and _______ f actor(s) of producti on.A) two; threeB) two; twoC) two; oneD) three; twoE) four; three5. The slope of a coun try's product ion possibility fron tier with cloth measure d on thehoriz on tal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors mo del is equal to ____________ and it ________ as more cloth is produced.A) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB) -MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC) -MPLF/MPLC; is con sta ntD) -MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE) -MPLC/MPLF; is con sta nt6. Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produc e cloth will be equal toA) the slope of the producti on possibility fron tier .B) the average product of labor in the product ion of cloth times the price of cloth.C) the ratio of the marg inal product of labor in the product ion of cloth to th e marg inal product of labor in the product ion of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.D) the marginal product of labor in the producti on of cloth times the pric e of cloth.E) the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the producti on of cloth.7. I n the specific factors model, which of the followi ng will in crease the qua n tity of labor used in cloth producti on?A) a n in crease in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an in crease in the price of food relative to that of clothC) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal perce ntage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal perce ntage in crease in the price of food and cloth8. A country that does not en gage in trade can ben efit from trade only ifA) it has an absolute adva ntage in at least one good.B) it employs a unique tech no logyC) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identical.D) its wage rate is below the world average.E) pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.9. I n the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are ______ for mobile factors, ________ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ f or fixed factors used to produce the imported good.A) ambiguous; positive; n egativeB) ambiguous; n egative; positiveC) positive; ambiguous; ambiguousD) n egative; ambiguous; ambiguousE) positive; positive; positive10. The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competi ng in dustries will be _______ jobs and ________ pay because they are relatively ___A) fewer; lower; mobileB) fewer; lower; immobileC) more; lower; immobileD) more; higher; mobileE) more; higher; immobile11. There is a bias in the political process aga inst free trade becauseA) there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unempl oyme nt rate.B) the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C) those who gain from free trade can't compe nsate those who lose.D) foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.E) those who lose from free trade are better orga ni zed tha n those who ga in.12.In the 2-factor , 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ i nA) tastes and prefere nces.B) military capabilities.C) the size of their econo mies.D) relative abundance of factors of producti on.E) labor productivities.13. If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measured on the horiz on tal axis), the n the absolute value of the slope of it s producti on possibility fron tier is equal toA) the opport un ity cost of good X.B) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y .C) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y .D) the opport un ity cost of good Y .E) the cost of capital (assu ming that good Y is capital inten sive) divided by t he cost of labor .14. In the 2-factor , 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade will _________ t he o wners of a coun try's _______ factor and will ________ the good that uses that factor inten sively .A) be nefit; abundant; exportB) harm; abundant; importC) ben efit; scarce; exportD) ben efit; scarce; importE) harm; scarce; export15. The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model mea ns that, un like in the Ricardia n model, it is likely thatA) coun tries will con sume outside their producti on possibility fron tier .B) coun tries will ben efit from free intern ati onal trade.C) coun tries will not be fully specialized in one product.D) comparative adva ntage will not determ ine the direct ion of trade.E) global product ion will decrease un der trade.16」f Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land r ich, and if food is relatively land inten sive the n trade betwee n these two, fo rmerly autarkic coun tries will result inA) a n in crease in the relative price of food in the U.S.B) an in crease in the relative price of food in Japa n.C) a global in crease in the relative price of food.D) a decrease in the relative price of food in both coun tries.E) an in crease in the relative price of food in both coun tries.17. Start ing from an autarky (no-trade) situati on with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Country H is relatively labor abundant, the n once trade beg insA) rent will be un cha nged but wages will rise in H.B) wages and rents should rise in H.C) wages and rents should fall in H.D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18. The Leo ntieff ParadoxA) failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B) supported the validity of the Ricardia n theory of comparative adva ntage.C) supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D) failed to support the validity of the Ricardia n theory .E) proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.B) An in crease in a coun try's labor supply will in crease producti on of both th e capital-inten sive and the labor- inten sive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's in dustries.E) Factor en dowme nts determ ine the tech no logy that is available to a count ry, which determ ines the good in which the country will have a comparative adva ntage.20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A) An in crease in a coun try's labor supply will in crease producti on of the labor- inten sive good and decrease producti on of the capital-inten sive go od.B) An in crease in a coun try's labor supply will in crease producti on of both th e capital-inten sive and the labor- inten sive good.C) In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D) Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors across borders.E) Factor en dowme nts determ ine the tech no logy that is available to a count ry, which determ ines the good in which the country will have a comparative adva ntage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) in crease s in the international marketplace, thenA) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B) all coun tries would be better off.C) the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D) the terms of trade of all coun tries will improve.E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worse n.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) in crease s in the international marketplace, thenA) world relative qua ntity of cloth supplied will in crease.B) world relative qua ntity of cloth supplied and dema nded will in crease.C) world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D) world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E) world relative qua ntity of food will in crease.3.If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend toA) have no effect on terms of trade.B) improve the terms of trade of the United States.C) improve the terms of trade of all countries.D) because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.E) raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.4.lf Slove nia were a large country in world trade, the n if it in stituted a large set of subsidies for its exports, this mustA) decrease its marginal prope nsity to con sume.B) have no effect on its terms of trade.C) improve its terms of trade.D) harm its terms of trade.E) harm world terms of trade.5.lnternal econo mies of scale arise whe n the cost per un itA) falls as the average firm grows larger.B) rises as the in dustry grows larger .C) falls as the in dustry grows larger .D) rises as the average firm grows larger .E) rema ins con sta nt over a broad range of output.6. External econo mies of scale will _______ average cost whe n output is _______ b y _______ .A) reduce; in creased; the in dustryB) reduce; in creased; a firmC) in crease; in creased; a firmD) in crease; in creased; the in dustryE) reduce; reduce; the in dustry7. If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each coun try, we should not expect to seeA) perfect competiti on in these in dustries.B) in tra-i ndustry trade betwee n coun tries.C) in ter-i ndustry trade betwee n coun tries.D) high levels of specializati on in both coun tries.E) in creased productivity in both coun tries.8. A lear ning curve relates _______ to ________ a nd is a case of ________ r eturns.A) unit cost; cumulative product ion; dyn amic decreas ing retur nsB) output per time period; l ong-run marginal cost; dyn amic in creas ing retur n sC) unit cost; cumulative producti on; dyn amic in creas ing returnsD) output per time period; l ong-run marginal cost; dyn amic decreas ing retur nsE) labor productivity; educati on; in creas ing margi nal retur ns9. Patter ns of in terregi onal trade are primarily determ ined by _____ rather tha n _______ because factors of producti on are gen erally _______ .A) exter nal econo mies; n atural resources; mobileB) internal economies; external economies; mobileC) exter nal econo mies; populatio n; immobileD) internal economies; population; immobileE) populati on; exter nal econo mies; immobile10. Monopolistic competition is associated withA) product differe ntiatio n.B) price-taking behavior .C) explicit con sideratio n at the firm level of the strategic impact of other fir ms' pric ing decisi ons. D) high profit margins in the long run.E) in creas ing returns to scale.11. A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA) positive mon opoly profits because each sells a differe ntiated product.B) zero econo mic profits because of free en tryC) positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differe ntiated productD) n egative econo mic profits because it has econo mies of scale.E) positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12. The most com mon form of price discrimi natio n in intern ati onal trade isA) dump ing.B) non-tariff barriers.C) Vol un tary Export Restrai nts.D) prefere ntial trade arran geme nts.E) product boycotts.13. Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. firm purchases 18% o f a foreig n firm .In the sec ond, a U.S. firm builds a new product ion facility in a foreign country . Both are ________ , with the first referred to as ________ and the sec ond as _______ .A) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; greenfieldB) foreig n direct inv estme nt (FDI) in flows; gree nfield; brow nfieldC) foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brownfieldD) foreig n direct inv estme nt (FDI) in flows; brow nfield; gree nfieldE) foreig n direct inv estme nt (FDI); in flows; outflows14. Specific tariffs areA) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C) import taxes calculated as a fract ion of the value of the imported goods.D) the same as import quotas.E) import taxes calculated based solely on the origi n country15. A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff is t hatA) domestic con sumers will purchase the foreig n good regardless of the tarif f.B) the in dustry may n ever "mature."C) most in dustries require tariff protecti on whe n they are mature.D) the tariff may hurt the in dustry's domestic sales.E) the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16. In the country levying the tariff, the tariff willA) in crease both con sumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the con sumer and producer surplus.C) decrease con sumer surplus and in crease producer surplus.D) in crease con sumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) decrease con sumer surplus but leave producers surplus un cha nged.17. If the tariff on computers is not cha nged, but domestic computer produc ers shift from domestically produced semic on ductors to imported comp onen ts, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA) in crease.B) decreaseC) rema in the same.D) depe nd on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E) no Ion ger apply .18. Whe n a gover nment allows raw materials and other in termediate produc ts to en ter a country duty free, this gen erally results in a(a n)A) effective tariff rate less tha n the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates. E) rise in only the effectiv e tariff rate.19. Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imp ositi on of a tariff on imports would lead to an in crease in domestic welfare i f the terms of the trade rectangle exceed the sum of theA) reve nue effect plus redistributio n effect.B) protective effect plus reve nue effect.C) con sumptio n effect plus redistributi on effect.D) product ion distorti on effect plus con sumptio n distorti on effect.E) terms of trade gai n.20. The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs are disma ntleda nd removed,A) gover nment tariff reve nue will decrease, and therefore n ati onal economi c welfare will decreaseB) gover nment tariff reve nue will decrease, and ther efore n atio nal econo mic welfare will in crease.C) deadweight losses for producers and con sumers will decrease, hence i ncreasing national economic welfare.D) deadweight losses for producers and con sumers will decrease, hence decr eas ing n atio nal econo mic welfare.E) gover nment tariff reve nue will in crease, hence in creas ing n ati onal econo mic welfare.21. Which orga ni zati on determ ines procedures for the settleme nt of in terna tional trade disputes?A) World BankB) World Trade Orga ni zati onC) Intern ati onal Mon etary Orga ni zatio nD) Intern ati onal Bank for Reco nstructio n and Developme ntE) The League of Natio ns22. Today U.S. protect ionism is concen trated inA) high-tech in dustries.B) labor- inten sive in dustries.C) in dustries in which Japa n has a comparative adva ntage.D) computer inten sive in dustries.E) capital-inten sive in dustries.23. The quantitative importance of U.S. protection of the domestic clothing in dustry is best expla ined by the fact thatA) this in dustry is an importa nt employer of highly skilled labor .B) this in dustry is an importa nt employer of low skilled labor .C) most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S. are poor countries.D) this in dustry is a politically well orga ni zed sector in the U.S.E) the tech no logy invo Ived is very adva need.24. The optimum tariff is most likely to apply toA) a small tariff imposed by a small countryB) a small tariff imposed by a large coun try.C) a large tariff imposed by a small countryD) a large tariff imposed by a large countryE) an ad valorem tariff on a small country25. The media n voter modelA) works well in the area of trade policy .B) is not in tuitively reas on able.C) tends to result in biased tariff rates.D) does not work well in the area of trade policy.E) is not widely practiced in the United States.。