Uncertainty Avoidance(不确定性规避)

Uncertainty Avoidance(不确定性规避)
According to Hofstede(1998), uncertainty avoidance refers to the lack of tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty and the need for formal rules and high-level organizational structure.
Uncertainty Avoidance includes two forms:
•Low uncertainty Avoidance •High uncertainty Avoidance
Cultures of low uncertainty avoidance have less concern about ambiguity and uncertainty and have more tolerance for a variety of opinions. （U.S.,Canada,Great Britain…）
Cultures of high uncertainty avoidance have a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.(France,Japan…)
1.There is a strong winglingness to live day by day. 2.People have low level of stress.
high
1.Superordinates may say “I don’t know.” 2.Less formal organizational structures are desired.
low
Superordinates have all the answers. Formal organizational structures are desired.
Differences are tolerated Sometimes rules can be broken.
More emotional resistance to change More loyalty to one’s employer Initiative of subordinates is discouraged
Differences are dangerous Rules can be broken.
Some characteristics of business culture.
low
highBiblioteka lowhighlow
high
The Score of Uncertainty Avoidance Index
high
Low Uncertainty Avoidance High Uncertainty Avoidance
Less emotional resistance to change Little loyalty to one’s employer Initiative） of subordinates is encouraged
10个国家和地区不确定性回避得分 100
上 80 (50,70) 中 60 下 40
20 0 美 国 不确定性回避 46 德 国 65 日 本 92 法 国 86 荷 兰 53 香 港 29 印 尼 48 西 非 54 中 国 60 俄 国 90
16
Influence
Each country has each culture, we can not treat any countries at the same attitude. In the business, a American clerk will never understand why staff should stay in the same company for all his/her life. So there will be conflict between them because that is culture influence that not every culture can be adapt to another culture. In a word, influence is inevitable.
low
There is greater anxiety about the future. People have high level of stress.
high
People are more risk-taking.
One hopes for success.
low
People are less risk-taking. Failure is feared.