助动词用法讲解

助动词用法讲解
助动词一般没有词意，不能单独作谓语动词。

其作用在于帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定、疑问等。

1、助动词be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法
（1）be后跟现在分词构成进行时态。

Who is playing the violin?谁在拉小提琴？
She was reading a book then.那时她正在读书。

（2）be后跟过去分词构成被动语态。

He was asked to do the work.有人要他干这件工作。

You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀请你参加会议。

（3）be 后跟不定式作谓语，有如下几种情况：
①表示计划、安排将要发生的事。

Who are we to meet?我们要见谁呀？
I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要与约翰一起吃晚饭。

②表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。

You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必须去见校长。

You are not to enter the room without permission.未经允许你不能进入房间。

③表示义务、责任等，同should。

You are to be back before 5.你得在5点钟以前回来。

What is to be done?该干什么。

④表示可能性，与情态动词may, can同义。

Such books are to be found in any library.这种书任何图书馆都有。

Not a sound was to be heard.一点声响也没有。

⑤表示后来发生的事，可以用来表示命运或注定
They say good-bye, little knowing that they were never to meet again.他们告别了，没想到再也不能相见了。

He was to regret the decision.他有一天会后悔做出这一决定的。

⑥用于习语
Where am I to go? 我该向何处去？
What am I to do? 我该怎么办？
2、助动词have(has, had, having)的用法
（1）助动词have可以构成完成时或完成进行时
He has been a doctor for 10 years.他当医生十年了。

This is the place I have been longing to visit.这就是我一直渴望参观的地方。

（2）和不定式构成谓语，表示客观上不得不做的事情。

We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.我们己经误了火车，我们只能等下一列。

-Do we have to start work?我们得立刻工作吗？
-No. We don't have to.不，不必了。

3、do(does, did) 的用法
（1）构成疑问句或否定句
How did you know about it?你是怎样知道这件事的。

He does not smoke. 他不抽烟。

（2）加强语气。

He did tell that.他的确告诉了此事。

Do come and see us.一定来看我们。

（3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。

-You like popular music, don't you?你喜欢流行音乐，是吧？
-Yes , I do.是的，我喜欢。

He speaks French as fluently as she does.他讲法语和她讲的一样流利。

（4）用于倒装句中。

Never did he pay attention to my words.他从不注意我的话。

Only then did I understand the importance of English.只是那时，我才了解到英语的重要性。

（5）构成否定的祈使句。

Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心。

Do not hesitate to come for help.只管来求助。

4、shall(should)和will(would) 的用法
（1）shall(should)用于第一人称的将来时中，单纯表示来
I shall think it over.我要好好考虑一下。

When shall I see you again?我何时再见到你？
I rang up to tell her that I should leave for London. 我打电话告诉她我要去伦敦。

（2）will用于第二、第三人称的将来时态中，在现代英语中可以用于所有人称He will be 30 next month. 他下月将是30岁。

You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英语小测验。

He wanted to know when you would finish the writing.他想知道你何时完成写作。