过去完成时教案

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授课学案

学生：授课教师：颜丹丹班主任：科目：初三英语

上课时间： 2016 年月日时—时

授课容

【专题导入】

原句：An apple a day, keeps the doctor away.

ate an apple

slept

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Had eaten an apple slept now

定从：I had eaten an apple before I slept. (After I had eaten an apple, I slept.)

【考点梳理】

一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点

概念：过去完成时（past perfect tense）表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。

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那时以前那时现在

构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，它的否定句是在had后边加not，变一般疑问句是把had提前。其中 had 通用于各种人称。

E.g. I had reached the station before 9：00 o'clock.

I had not reached the station before 9：00 o'clock.

Had you reached the station before 9：00 o'clock？（思考如何回答）

.

.

二、用法：

1、表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。这个过去的时间状语有by, by the time of ,等介词短语或者是when，before，after等引导的从句。如：

⑴由by, by the end of, by then 等引导的状语从句。

By the time they arrived, the bus had left.

翻译：昨夜十点钟之前他已经上床睡觉了。 He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night.

⑵由when，before，after等引导的从句。

They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教师)

⑶在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去

完成时。，表示在谈话或产生某种想法之前发生的事情。

例如：He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。

She wondered who had left the door open. 她想知道是谁没关门。

I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出

去了。

2、表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for 或since 等

连用.如:

She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago.

I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。

三、过去完成时-语法判定

根据“标志”由时间状语来判定

一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：

by ， by the end of ，by then, 或者when，after， before 等引导的状语从句。

以及句子中会出现的already,just,once等词语。也会有for……或since……

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to

Beijing.

注意：我们不一定非得用过去完成时表示过去先发生的事件，因为有时句意非常清楚。

⑴before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先

后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。

例如： After he had finished his homework, he went to bed./After I finished my work,

I went home.

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

.

⑵动作的顺序往往十分清楚时，我们通常用一般过去时表示依次发生的事件。I got out of the taxi, paid the fare, tipped the driver and dashed into the 例如：station.

【经典例题】1. He ______ in Shanghai University for four years before he ______ Beijing.

A. studied, had gone

B. had studied, went

C. has studied, goes

D. had studied, had gone

。在学习的动作发生在去之前，因此第一个空尠他去之前在上大学学习了解析：4年。应用过

去完成时。此题选B

2.The students ________ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ____ in the

office.

had written, left B. were writing, has left A. C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

因此“忘了书”D。“把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，答案代表时

间的一点，表示在“同学们这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when 正忙于……”这一背景下， when所引导的动作正在发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

3. Xiao Pei said she ______ Hainan for 3 months.

A. has been in

B. had been in

C. had been to

D. had gone to

都是短暂性的动词have gone to 。小培说她去了三个月?have been to 和解析：

B. 应选短语。所以适应表示状态的had been in.

（教师版打印，学生版解析不打印）

【举一反三】一、单选

1 When Li Ming hurried home， he found that his mother ____already____to hospital.

A has； been sent

B had； sent

C has； sent

D had； been sent

2 We ____five English songs by the end of last term.

A had learned

B learned

C have learned

D will have learned

3 Han Mei told me she _____lunch， so she was very hungry.

.

.

A has had

B hasn't have

C have had

D hadn't had

many buildings _____built in the city. 4 By the end of 1976，A have been B have C had been D will