2006年考研资料英语完形填空真题解析.doc

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2006年考研英语真题及解析

Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?Indeed.It is big enough to have a bit of everything.But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past,today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word “homogenizing”(Line 2,Paragraph 1)most probably means ________.[A]identifying[B]associating[C]assimilating[D]monopolizing22.According to the author,the department stores of the 19th century ________.[A]played a role in the spread of popular culture[B]became intimate shops for common consumers[C]satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D]owed its emergence to the culture of consumption 23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.________.[A]are resistant to homogenization[B]exert a great influence on American culture[C]are hardly a threat to the common culture[D]constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A]To prove their popularity around the world.[B]To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C]To give examples of successful immigrants.[D]To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion,the absorption of immigrants into American society is _______.[A]rewarding[B]successful[C]fruitless[D]harmful Text 2Stratford-on-Avon,as we all know,has only one industry —William Shakespeare —but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC),which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage,Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny totheir revenue.They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors,them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness.It’s all deliciously ironic when you供学习参考Qconsider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor (with a beard)and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate.The sightseers who come by bus —and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side —don’t usually see the plays,and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford.However,the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.It is the playgoers,the RSC contends,who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.Stratford cries poor traditionally.Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.Hilton is building its own hotel there,which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banqueting Room,and so forth,and will be very expensive.Anyway,the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a st year its 1,431seats were 94per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.)The reason,of course,is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.They come entirely for the plays,not the sights.They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean,pointed,dedicated faces,wearing jeans and sandals,eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20seats and 80standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs,we learn that ________.[A]the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B]the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C]the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms [D]the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3that ________.[A]the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B]the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C]the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D]the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line 2,Paragraph 4),the author implies that ______.[A]Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B]Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C]the town is not really short of money[D]the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk,the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.供学习参考Q[A]ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B]the company is financially ill-managed[C]the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D]the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A]is supportive of both sides[B]favors the townsfolk’s view[C]takes a detached attitude[D]is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:theysuddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large,slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.Whatresearchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changes in that biomass over time.According to their latest paper published in Nature ,the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80%within 15years of the start of exploitation.In some long-fished areas,it has halved again since then.Dr.Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar,which were not available 50years ago.That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.In the early days,too,longlines would have been more saturated with fish.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baitedhooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.Furthermore,in the early days of longline fishing,a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.That is no longer a problem,because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline,which future management efforts must take into account.They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists,that of the “shifting baseline”.The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50%of its original levels.Most fisheries are well below that,which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.供学习参考Q[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm’s paper that ________.[A]the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B]there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15years ago[C]the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20%of the original amount[D]the number of large predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying “these figures are conservative”(Line 1,paragraph 3),Dr.Worm means that ________.[A]fishing technology has improved rapidly[B]then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C]the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D]the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr.Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A]people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B]fisheries should keep their yields below 50%of the biomass [C]the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D]people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A]management efficiency[B]biomass level[C]catch-size limits[D]technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird.But the weirdest may be this:artists’only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so.The earliest forms of art,like painting and music,are those best suited for expressing joy.But somewhere from the 19th century onward,more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless,phony or,worst of all,boring,as we went from Wordsworth’sdaffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery.But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war,disaster and the massacre of innocents.The reason,in fact,may be just the opposite:there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all,what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness?Advertising.The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.供学习参考Q[D]Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps.There are two extra choices,which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville,Ind.,home of David Williams,52,and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played).During several years of gambling in that casino,Williams,a state auditor earning $35,000a year,lost approximately $175,000.He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20worth of gambling.He visited the casino,lost the $20and left.On his second visit he lost $800.The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a “Fun Card”,which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.For Williams,these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.(41)________.In 1997he lost $21,000to one slot machine in two days.In March 1997he lost $72,186.Hesometimes played two slot machines at a time,all night,until the boat docked at 5a.m.,then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9a.m.Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.It did know he had a problem.In March 1998a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions,and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem.The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter.Noting the “medical/psychological”nature of problem gambling behavior,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42)________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24signs warning:“Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head,not over it.”Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless,Williams’s suit charges that the casino,knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure”him to “engage in conduct against his will.”Well.(43)________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling”involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44)________.Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45)________.Forty-four states have lotteries,29have casinos,and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on —you might say addicted to —revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995,competition for gamblers’dollars has become intense.The Oct.28issue of Newsweek reported that 2供学习参考Q学160-200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)供2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文介绍了美国无家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。

2006年考研英语真题及答案

2006 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I: Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America‟s popul ation. __1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can‟t possibly __2__. To help homeless people__3__ independence, the federal government must support job training programs, __4__ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.__5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__. One of the federal govern ment‟s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.__11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __14__ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of communityservice at Bentley College in Massachusetts, __19__ it, “There has to be __20__ of programs. What we need is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4. [A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling[D] house13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American societ y is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by t he 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.” Instead of intimate shops catering to “a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.” This turned shopping into a public and democratic act. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today‟s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the f ifteen most common countries of origin spoke English …well‟ or …very well‟ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation‟s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America‟s turbulent past, today‟s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century ________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public‟s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author‟s opinion, the absorption of immigrants in to American society is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Ha thaway‟s Cottage, Shakespeare‟s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC‟s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It‟s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don‟t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a littlesight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of the town‟s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk d on‟t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can‟t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they‟ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford‟s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They allseem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two Paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC‟s contribution to the town‟s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk‟s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympatheticText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today‟s vessels can find the ir prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated withfish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would havebeen available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm‟s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33. By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can‟t work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should restored its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries‟ ________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists‟ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn‟t always so. The earliest forms of a rt, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth‟s daffodils to Baudelaire‟s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it‟s not as if earlier times didn‟t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It‟s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grow out of both positive and negative feeling[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author‟s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy part[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replace the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user‟s gambling activities. For Williams, the se activities become what he calls electronic morphine.(41)________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998, a friend of Williams‟s got him involuntarily c onfined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams‟s gambling problems. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being. (42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams‟s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers‟ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web‟s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino‟s marketing department continued topepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B] It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government.[E] David Williams‟s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don‟t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Our translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments,manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. “Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, “is something else.”Section III: WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300 元做“小贝头”注：Beckham 是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。

2006年考研英语一真题答案(含解析)

2006 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is8 . One of the federal government’s s tudies9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16 . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are _17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, _19 it, “There has to be _20 _of programs. What we need is a package deal.”1．[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore 2．[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain3．[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward4．[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep5．[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not6．[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ7．[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that8．[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending9．[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers10．[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss11．[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only12．[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house13．[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering14．[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas15．[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance16．[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up17．[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating18．[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus19．[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes20．[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。

2006年全国考研英语完形填空真题解析.doc

2006年考研英语完形填空真题解析The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population. 1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can't possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is8 , one of the federal government's studies9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16 . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reedy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it. "There has to be 20 of programs. What we need is a package deal."1.[A]Indeed[B]Likewise[C]Therefore[D]Furthermore2.[A]stand[B]cope[C]approve[D]retain3.[A]in[B]for[C]with[D]toward4.[A]raise[B]add[C]take[D]keep5.[A]Generally[B]Almost[C]Hardly[D]Not6.[A]cover[B]change[C]range[D]differ7.[A]Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8.[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]increasing[D]extending9.[A]predicts[B]displays[C]proves[D]discovers10.[A]assist[B]track[C]sustain[D]dismiss11.[A]Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12.[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[D]house13.[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[D]wandering14.[A]when[B]once[C]while[D]whereas15.[A]life[B]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance16.[A]around[B]over[C]on[D]up17.[A]complex[B]comprehensive[C]complementary[D]compensating18.[A]So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19.[A]puts[B]interprets[C]assumes[D]makes20.[A]supervision[B]manipulation[C]regulation[D]coordination文章背景本文主要介绍了美国社会中的无家可归者，以及他们目前的现状：他们的数量已经增长至地方政府对付不了的地步，需要联邦政府采取措施帮助他们重新获得自立。

2006年考研英语真题答案及解析

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的词只有 C，range 常与 from…to 搭配表示“从……到……范围”。故正确答案为 C。
7.[A] Now that 既然，由于
[B] Although 虽然，尽管
[C] Provided 倘若 [D] Except that 除……外
【答案】 B
2006 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解
Section I Use of English
一、文章结构分析
本文介绍了美国无家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。第一、二段分析问题的严重性，指出在美国无家可归者的数量
不断增长，已经到了联邦政府必须采取措施给他们提供帮助的地步。第三段指出帮助无家可归者的任务相当艰巨，
[B] Since 自从；因为，既然 [C] As 正如
[D] Thus 因而
【答案】 C
【考点】逻辑搭配
【难度系数】 0.604
【解析】这个空要结合其后面的内容，上句谈到是 comprehensive program，后面一句谈到的是 a package deal，两者
显然是指差不多的内容，两者相当的内容，只能是并列结构，只有 C 是表示这种关系的连词，故答案为 C。如果考
9.[A] predicts 预测 [B] displays 陈列，展示
[C] proves 证明
[D] discovers 发现
【答案】 A
【考点】词义辨析
【难度系数】 0.718
【解析】空后说无家可归的数字在这个 10 年的后半期会达到 10 million，显然这是表示将来的数据，对于将来的数
归者在美国人口中的比例越来越大”，空后“无家可归者达到如此高的比例，以至于到了当地政府无法……”。从

2006年考研英语真题及答案完整解析

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. One of the federal government’s studies 9 thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 thestreet. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives16. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4. [A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling[D] house13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reducedby 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheriesthan in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but fora long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioralproblems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。

2006年考研英语真题(含答案解析)[1]

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirecti ons:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (10 poi nts)The homeless make up a grow ing perce ntage of America ' s populati on.大 1 家 homeless ness has reached such proporti ons that localgover nmentscan ' t possibly 大 2 家.To help homeless people the federal gover nment must support job training programs, minimum wage, and fund more low-cost hous ing.大 5 家 every one agrees on the nu mber of America ns who are homeless. Estimates 大 6 家 any where from 600,000 to 3 millio n.大 7 家 the figuremay vary, an alysts do agree on ano ther matter: that the nu mber of the homeless is 大 8 家.Oneof the federalgovernment ' s studies 大 9 家 thatthe nu mber of the homeless will reach n early 19 milli on by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 大 10 家 this growing homeless population has become in creas in gly difficult.大 11 家 whe n homeless in dividuals man age tofind a 大 12 家 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at ni ght, a good nu mber still spe nd the bulk of each day street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a sig nifica nt nu mber of the homeless have serious men tal disorders. Many others, 大 14 家 not addicted or men tally ill, simply lack the everyday大 15 家 skills needed to turn their lives大 3 家 independence,大4家 the大 13 家 the大17 家programsimprove only when there are ----------------- address the manyneedsof the homeless. 大 18家Edward Zlotkowski, director service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 大 19 家it, to be 大 20 家of programs. What ' s needed is a package deal.1. [A] In deed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] sta nd[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4. [A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] gen erally[B] almost[C] hardlycommu nity “There has[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] in flati ng[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter13. [A] searchi ng[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existenee[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coord inationSecti on II Read ing Comprehe nsionPart ADirecti ons:Read the followi ng four texts. An swer the questi ons below each text bychoosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET1 . (40 points)Text 1In spite of Bn dless talk of differe nee, ” America n society is anamaz ing machi ne for homoge nizing people. There is the democratiz inguni formity of dress and discourse, and the casua In ess and abse nee of deferenee ” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed intoa culture of consumption ” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered vast arrays of goods in an elega nt atmosphere.In stead of in timate shops cateri ng to a kno wledgeable elite, ” th ese were stores “nyone could en ter, regardless of class or backgro und. This tur ned shopp ing into a public and democratic act. ” The mass media, advertis ing and sports are other forces for homoge ni zati on.Immigra nts are quickly fitti ng into this com mon culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the Nati onal Immigrati on Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today ' s immigrati on is n either at un precede nted levels nor resista nt to assimilati on. In 1998 immigra nts were 9.8 perce nt of populati on; in 1900,13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, con sider three in dices of assimilati on -- Ian guage, homeow nershipmost com mon coun tries of origi n spoke En glish well ' or v ery well a fter ten years of reside nee. ”The childre n of immigra ntstend to be bilingual and proficient in English. By the third generation,the orig in al la nguage is lost in the majority of immigra nt families. ”Hence the description of America as a g raveyard ” fo r Ianguages. By1996 foreig n-born immigra nts who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rateof 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate amongn ative-bor n America ns.Foreig n-born Asia ns and Hispa nics have higher rates ofin termarriage tha n do U.S.-bor n whites and blacks. ” By the thirdgen erati on, one third of Hispa nic wome n are married to non-Hispa ni cs,and 41 perce nt of Asia n-America n wome n are married to non-Asia ns.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarze negger and Garth Brooks, yet some America ns fear that immigra nts livi ng within the Un ited States rema in somehow immune to the n ati on'assimilative power. ”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seethi ng an ger in America? In deed.It is big eno ugh to have a bit of everythi ng. But particularly whe n viewed aga instAmerica s turbule nt past, today 'social in diceshardly suggest a dark and deteriorati ng social en vir onment.21. The word homogenizing ”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century■[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became in timate shops for com mon con sumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[A] are resista nt to homoge ni zati on[B] exert a great in flue nce on America n culture[C] are hardly a threat to the com mon culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public 'fear of immigra nts.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful in flue nce of America n culture.25. In the author 'opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is■[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two dist in ctly separate and in creas in gly hostile bran ches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Compa ny (RSC), which prese nts superb producti ons of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the tow nsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway ' s Cottage, Shakespeare 'birthplace and the other sights.The worthy reside nts of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a pennyto their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC ' actors, them with theirlong hair and beards and san dals and noisin ess. It 's all deliciouslyironic whe n you con sider that Shakespeare, who earns their liv ing, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of no ise-mak ing.The tourist streams are not en tirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus --the RSC conten ds, who bring in much of the tow n s reve nue becausethey spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of tow n by ni ghtfall.The townsfolk don ' t see it this way and local council does not con tribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Compa ny. Stratford cries poor traditi on ally. Nevertheless every hotel in tow n seems to be addi ng a new wing or cocktail lo un ge. Hilt on is build ing its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Loun ge, the Banquo Banq uet ing Room, and so forth, and will be very expe nsive.Any way, the tow nsfolk can 'un dersta nd why the Royal Shakespeare Compa nyn eeds a subsidy. (The theatre has broke n atte ndance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 perce nt occupied all year long and this year they 'I do better.) The reas on, of course, is thatcosts have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford s most attractive clie ntele.They come en tirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lea n, poin ted, dedicated faces, weari ng jeans and san dals, eati ng their buns and beddi ng dow n for the ni ght on the flagst ones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office ope ns at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we lear n that ______ .[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC 'contribution to the town s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be in ferred from Paragraph 3 that ______ .[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater4), the author implies that _______ .[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because■[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________ .[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the tow nsfolk 'view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3Whe n prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, someth ing stra nge happe ned to the large ani mals. They sudde nly became exti net. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growi ng ani mals were easy game, and were quickly hun ted to exti ncti on. Now somethi ng similar could be happe ning in the ocea ns.That the seas are being overfished has bee n known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have show n is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data fromfisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish speciesin particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. Accord ing to their latest paper published in Nature , the biomassDr. Worm ack no wledges that these figures are con servative. One reas on for this is that fish ing tech no logy has improved. Today 'vesselscan find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proporti on of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real differeneebetween present and past is likelyto be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hookswould have bee n available to trap them, leadi ng to an un derestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fish ing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had bee n hooked.That is no Ion ger a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Wormargue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future managementefforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the shifting baseline. ” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive cha nges which have happe ned in the ocea n because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum susta in able yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes whe n the biomass of a target species is about50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do bus in ess.31. The ext in cti on of large prehistoric an imals is no ted to suggest that■[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm s paper that ________ .[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries hasreduced by 90%[B] there are on ly half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of theorig inal amount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in newfisheries than in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that _______ .[A] fishi ng tech no logy has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that _______ .[A] people should look for a baseli ne that can work for a Ion ger time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocea n biomass should be restored to its orig in al level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries '■[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] tech no logical applicati onText 4Many thi ngs make people thi nk artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists 'only job is to explore emoti ons, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn 'always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for express ing joy. But somewherefrom the 19th cen tury on ward, more artists bega n see ing happ in ess as meanin gless, phony or, worst of all, bori ng, as we went from Wordsworth 'daffodilsto Baudelaire o flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happ in ess becausemoder n times have see n so much misery. But it ' s not as if earlier times did n 't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happ in ess in the world today.After all, what is the one moder n form of expressi on almost completely dedicated to depict ing happ in ess? Advertis ing. The rise of an ti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emerge nee of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happ in ess is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked un til exhausted, lived with few protecti ons and died young. In the West, before mass com muni cati on and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in dan ger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Give n all this, they did not exactly n eed their art to be a bummer too. _______Today the messages the average Wester ner is surro un ded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, n ews an chors, text messe ngers, all smili ng, smili ng, smili ng. Our magaz ines feature beam ing celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an age nda -- to lure us to ope n our wallets --they make the very idea of happ in ess seem un reliable. Celebrate! ” comma nded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could in crease the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depe nds on us forgett ing -is that happ in ess is more tha n pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest pote ntial for loss and disappo in tme nt. Today, surro un ded by promises of easy happ in ess, we n eed art to tell us, as religi on once did, Meme nto mori: remember that youwill die, that everyth ing en ds, and that happ in ess comes not in denyingthis but in liv ing with it. It 'a message eve n more bitter tha n a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By cit ing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that _______ .[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happ in ess[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word bummer ”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably means something■[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author ' opinion, advertising _________ .[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusi on of happ in ess rather tha n happ in ess itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes■[A] happ in ess more ofte n tha n not ends in sad ness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balanee between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappo in ted at the realities of moder n society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirecti ons:In the followi ng article, somese nten ces have bee n removed. For Questi ons 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into eachof the nu mbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not n eed to use in any of the bla nks. Mark your a nswers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 poi nts)On the n orth bank of the Ohio river sits Eva nsville, I nd., home ofDavid Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambli ng in that cas ino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had n ever gambled before the cas ino sent him a coup on for $20 worth of gambli ng.He visited the cas in o, lost the $20 and left. On his sec ond visithe lost $800. The cas ino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which whe n used in the cas ino ear ns points for meals and drin ks, and enables the casino to track the user 'gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electr onic heroin".(41) _______ .In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machi ne in twodays. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot mach ines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard whe n the cas ino ope ned at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the cas ino, charg ing that it should have refused his patr on age because it knew hewas addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams 'got him involuntarily confinedto a treatme nt cen ter for addicti ons, and wrote to inform the cas ino ofWilliams ' gambli ng problem. The cas ino in eluded a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a cease admissi onsletter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the lettersaid that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to prese ntmedical/psychological in formati on dem on strati ng that patr onizing the cas ino wouldpose no threat to his safety or well-bei ng.(42) _______The Wall Street Jour nal reports that the cas ino has 24 sig ns war ning: Enjoy the fun …and always bet with your head, not over it. ” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the IndianaDepartment of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams ' s s uit charges that the casino,knowing he was helplessly addicted to gambling, ”inten ti on ally worked to lure ” him to Fn gage in con duct aga inst his will. ” Well.(43) _______The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says pathological gambling ” involves persistent, recurringand uncon trollable pursuit less of money tha n of thrill of tak ing risksin quest of a win dfall.(44) _______ . Pushed by scie nee, or what claims to be scie nee,society is reclassify ing what once were con sidered character flaws ormoral faili ngs as pers on ality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) _______ .states are to vary ing degrees depe ndent on -- you might say addicted to--revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competiti on for gamblers ' dollars has becomeintense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 milli on gamblerspatr onize 1,800 virtual cas inos every week. With $3.5 billi on being loston Internet wagers this year, gambli ng has passed porno graphy as the Webs most profitable bus in ess.[A] Although no such evide nee was prese nted, the cas inodepartme nt con ti nued to pepper him with maili ngs. cas ino and used his Fun Card without being detected. 'marketi ng And he entered the[B] It is un clear what luri ng was required, give n his compulsive behavior.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have cas inos, and most of theseAnd in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to eve n, he would quit. One ni ght he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambli ng has bee n a com mon feature of America n life forever, but fora long time it was broadly con sidered a sin, or a social disease.Nowit is a social policy: the most importa nt and aggressive promoter of gambli ng in Americais the gover nment.[E] David Williams ' s suit should trouble this gambling nation.But dont bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicaliz ing problems, often defining as addictions gen erati ons expla ined as weak ness of will.[G] The anonym ous, I on ely, un distracted n ature of on li ne gambli ng is especially conducive tocompulsive behavior. But even if the gover nment knew how to move aga inst Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirecti ons:Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and consideredof no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story whe n he observed that it is the in tellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more tha nthat. They have grow n dissatisfied with the role of in tellectual. It isthey, not America, who have become an ti-i ntellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is anwho must accept the obligati on of reveali ng in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reas oning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to asintellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded himbecause, while his accomplishme nts may con tribute to the soluti on ofmoral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other huma n bein gs, hemore and more behavioralwhat earlier, ster nerin tellectual? 46) I shall define him as an in dividual who haselected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way aboutmoral problems.con sciously, articulately, questions, then by asking which seems appropriate in which he has obtained. 47)He explores such problems first fin ally by suggesti ng factual by ask ing factual action and moral in formati on and fran kly, moral questions, the light of the His function is —analogous —to that —of ——a judge,encounters moral issues even in the everyday performanee of his routineduties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidenee, or doctor his reports.49) Bu―his primary task is not to think— about the moral code which governs his activity, any—more than abus in essma n is expected to dedicate his en ergies to an explorati on ofrules of con duct in bus in ess. During most of his wak ing life he will take his code for gra nted, as the bus in essma n takes his ethics.The defi niti on also excludes the majority of teachers, despite thefact that teachi ng has traditi on ally bee n the method whereby manyintellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and morethan ear n their salaries, but most of them make little or no in depe ndentreflecti ons on huma n problems which in volve moral judgme nt. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of huma n kno wledge is one thin g, liv ing in "public and illustrious thoughts, ” as Emers on would say, is somethi ng else.Secti on III Writ ingPart A51. Directi onsYou want to con tribute to Project Hope by offeri ng finan cial aid toa child in a remote area. Write a letter to the departme nt concern ed, ask ing them to help find a can didate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your pla n.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming ”in stead.Do not write the address. (10 poin ts)Part B52. Directi ons:Study the follow ing photos carefully and write an essay in whichyou should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words n eatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 poi nts)有两幅图片，图1把崇拜写在脸上；图2花300元做“小贝头”注:Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。

2006年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2006年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. 【B1】homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly 【B2】.To help homeless people 【B3】independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 【B4】the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. 【B5】everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates 【B6】anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 【B7】the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 【B8】, one of the federal government’s studies 【B9】that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to 【B10】this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 【B11】when homeless individuals manage to find a 【B12】that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 【B13】the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 【B14】not addicted or men tally ill, simply lack the everyday 【B15】skills needed to turn their lives 【B16】. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 【B17】programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 【B18】Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 【B19】it. “There has to be 【B20】of programs. What we need is a package deal”.1．【B1】A．IndeedB．LikewiseC．ThereforeD．Furthermore正确答案：A解析：这道题考查对上下文句子关系的把握。

2006年考研英语真题及解析

Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America?Indeed.It is big enough to have a bit of everything.But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past,today’s social indices hardly suggesta dark and deteriorating social environment.21.The word“homogenizing”(Line2,Paragraph1)most probably means________.[A]identifying[B]associating[C]assimilating[D]monopolizing22.According to the author,the department stores of the19th century________.[A]played a role in the spread of popular culture[B]became intimate shops for common consumers[C]satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D]owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.________.[A]are resistant to homogenization[B]exert a great influence on American culture[C]are hardly a threat to the common culture[D]constitute the majority of the population24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph5?[A]To prove their popularity around the world.[B]To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C]To give examples of successful immigrants.[D]To show the powerful influence of American culture.25.In the author’s opinion,the absorption of immigrants into American society is_______.[A]rewarding[B]successful[C]fruitless[D]harmfulText2Stratford-on-Avon,as we all know,has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.There is the Royal Shakespeare Company(RSC),which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon.And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny totheir revenue.They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors,them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness.It’s all deliciously ironic when youconsider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor(with a beard)and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate.The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays,and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford.However,the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.It is the playgoers,the RSC contends,who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights)pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company.Stratford cries poor traditionally.Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.Hilton is building its own hotel there,which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banqueting Room,and so forth,and will be very expensive.Anyway,the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy.(The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a st year its1,431seats were94per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.)The reason,of course,is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele.They come entirely for the plays,not the sights.They all seem to look alike(though they come from all over)—lean,pointed,dedicated faces,wearing jeans and sandals,eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the20seats and80standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at10:30a.m.26.From the first two paragraphs,we learn that________.[A]the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B]the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C]the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D]the townsfolk earn little from tourism27.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that________.[A]the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B]the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C]the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D]the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28.By saying“Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Line2,Paragraph4),the author implies that______.[A]Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B]Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C]the town is not really short of money[D]the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29.According to the townsfolk,the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A]ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B]the company is financially ill-managed[C]the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D]the theatre attendance is on the rise30.From the text we can conclude that the author________.[A]is supportive of both sides[B]favors the townsfolk’s view[C]takes a detached attitude[D]is sympathetic to the RSCText3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.Smaller species survived.The large,slow-growing animals were easy game,and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.Whatresearchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing.They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass(the amount of living biological matter)of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changes in that biomass over time.According to their latest paper published in Nature,the biomass of large predators(animals that kill and eat other animals)in a new fishery is reduced on average by80%within15years of the start of exploitation.In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr.Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative.One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved.Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar,which were not available50years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.In the early days,too,longlines would have been more saturated with fish.Some individuals would therefore not have been caught,since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them,leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing,a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked.That is no longer a problem,because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline,which future management efforts must take into account.They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists,that of the“shifting baseline”.The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about50%of its original levels.Most fisheries are well below that,which is a bad way to do business.31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A]large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B]small species survived as large animals disappeared[C]large sea animals may face the same threat today[D]slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32.We can infer from Dr.Myers and Dr.Worm’s paper that________.[A]the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by90%[B]there are only half as many fisheries as there were15years ago[C]the catch sizes in new fisheries are only20%of the original amount[D]the number of large predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33.By saying“these figures are conservative”(Line1,paragraph3),Dr.Worm means that________.[A]fishing technology has improved rapidly[B]then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C]the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D]the data collected so far are out of date34.Dr.Myers and other researchers hold that________.[A]people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B]fisheries should keep their yields below50%of the biomass[C]the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D]people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A]management efficiency[B]biomass level[C]catch-size limits[D]technological applicationText4Many things make people think artists are weird.But the weirdest may be this:artists’only job is to explore emotions,and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so.The earliest forms of art,like painting and music,are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the19th century onward,more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless,phony or, worst of all,boring,as we went from Wordsworth’sdaffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war,disaster and the massacre of innocents.The reason,in fact,may be just the opposite:there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all,what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising.The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media,and with it,a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.[D]Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps.There are two extra choices,which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville,Ind., home of David Williams,52,and of a riverboat casino(a place where gambling games are played).During several years of gambling in that casino,Williams,a state auditor earning$35,000a year,lost approximately $175,000.He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20worth of gambling.He visited the casino,lost the$20and left.On his second visit he lost$800.The casino issued to him,as a good customer,a“Fun Card”,which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks,and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities.For Williams,these activities become what he calls“electronic heroin”.(41)________.In1997he lost$21,000to one slot machine in two days.In March1997he lost$72,186.He sometimes played two slot machines at a time,all night,until the boat docked at5a.m.,then went back aboard when the casino opened at9a.m.Now he is suing the casino,charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted.It did know he had a problem.In March1998a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions,and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem.The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers,and wrote to him a“cease admissions”letter.Noting the“medical/psychological”nature of problem gambling behavior,the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42)________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has24signs warning:“Enjoy the fun...and always bet with your head,not over it.”Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health.Nevertheless,Williams’s suit charges that the casino,knowing he was“helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to“lure”him to“engage in conduct against his will.”Well.(43)________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says“pathological gambling”involves persistent,recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest ofa windfall.(44)________.Pushed by science,or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45)________.Forty-four states have lotteries,29have casinos,and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering.And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995,competition for gamblers’dollars has become intense.The Oct.28issue of Newsweek reported that2160-200words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points)2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文介绍了美国无家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。

2006年考研英语完型填空真题

Section IThe homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. __1_ homeless ness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly __2__. To hel p homeless people __3__ independence, the federal government must support job trai ning programs, __4__ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. __5__ ev eryone a gre es on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anyw here from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on anoth er matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__, one of the federal gove rnment’s s tudies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has bec ome increasingly di fficult. __11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give the m three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk o f each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are add icted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious ment al disorders. Many others, __14__ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyd ay __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy n otes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community s ervice at Bentley College in Massachusetts, __19__ it, “There has to be __20__ of pro grams. What’s need is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2. [A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3. [A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4. [A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5. [A] Generally [B] Almost [C] Hardly [D] Not6. [A] cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ7. [A]now that [B]although [C]provided [D]Except that8. [A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending9. [A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers10. [A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss11. [A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only12. [A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house13. [A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering14. [A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas15. [A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance16. [A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up17. [A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compen sat ing18. [A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus19. [A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes20. [A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination答案：Section I Use of English (10 points)1. A2. B3. D4. A5. D6. C7. B8. C9. A 10. A11. C 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D。

2006年考研英语真题答案及解析

【答案】 C
【考点】逻辑搭配
【难度系数】 0.524
【解析】空前谈到无家可归者最终能够找到一个可以给他们提供一日三餐和夜里睡觉的庇护所，空后说他们中的大
部分人仍然在大街上流浪。这两句显然构成让步关系，C 符合语境，故答案为 C。
12.[A] lodging 寄宿处[B] shelter 庇护处
[C] dwelling 住所，公寓
者代入文中，语意上讲不通。for 表示目的，帮助某人，前面不定式已经表示了目的，“为了帮助无家可归的人为了
独立”语意也不通。toward 表示“趋向，接近”，后面常接抽象名词，符合文意。故正确答案为 D。
4.[A] raise 提高
[B] add 增加，添加
[C] take 拿走
[D] keep 保持
[C] hardly 刚刚，几乎不
[D] not 不
【答案】 D
【考点】逻辑搭配
【难度系数】 0.448
【解析】空所在的句子显然是表达人们对无家可归者的数量看法，后面谈到人们的看法从 600,000 到 3 million 不等，
这说明人们在这一数量上没有达成一致，因此这个空只能填入一个否定词，C 和 D 比较，显然 D 代入句中句意更加
[D] Thus 因而
【答案】 C
【考点】逻辑搭配
【难度系数】 0.604
【解析】这个空要结合其后面的内容，上句谈到是 comprehensive program，后面一句谈到的是 a package deal，两者
显然是指差不多的内容，两者相当的内容，只能是并列结构，只有 C 是表示这种关系的连词，故答案为 C。如果考
【答案】 D
【考点】词义辨析
【难度系数】 0.46

2006年考研英语参考答案及详细解答（3）

Text 3篇章导读本⽂主要是⼀篇阐述型的⽂章。

中⼼是哥伦⽐亚号航天飞机失事的调查经过。

第1⾃然段作者⾸先提出因为有太多的情感和太多的⾃负，所以这个调查很难进⾏。

在第2⾃然段，调查组的领导⼈Gehman很谨慎地说，如果要真知道这个飞机的左翼出现问题的话，美国航空航天局的研究⼈员肯定会实施营救的，但⽬前问题在于美国航空航天局的研究⼈员有没有反对过或决定反对过进⾏调查，在4、5、6、7段作者讲述了在听证会上的主题即美国航空航天局拒绝接受军事部门提供的卫星照⽚。

本⽂的关键词为“inquiry”、“accident”、“Gehman”、“NASA”等等。

思路解析31「答案」[B]「解析」题⼲问：“本⽂最可能选⾃标题为……的⽂章”。

正确选项为[B]“对哥伦⽐亚号事件的调查”，“inquiry”和“accident”为本⽂的中⼼关键词，很显然⽂章的中⼼关键词作为整篇⽂章的⼤标题。

⽽选项[A]“Gehman对哥伦⽐亚号失事的评论”，在这篇⽂章中作者的态度相当谨慎，就事论事，没有涉及太多的评价。

选项[C]“阐述航天飞机的安全”，离题太远。

选项[D]“美国航空航天局正在被揭露的问题”，⽂中确实讲到美国航空航天局存在问题，但只是⼀部分，⽽不能作为整体。

32「答案」[B]「解析」题⼲问：“在句⼦‘since they could place’中的‘they’所指的是……”。

正确选项为[B]“回答”，对该句进⾏句型分析后，得出“they”指代的对象为前⾯的“answers”，“answer”为在听证会上的回答。

选项[A]“赔偿⾦”，选项[C]“决定”和选项[D]“问题”都与原⽂语境不相符合。

33「答案」[A]「解析」题⼲问：“根据作者，导致哥伦⽐亚号航天飞机失事的主要原因是……”。

⽂中作者明确讲述了导致航天飞机失事可能主要是因为其左翼受到了损坏，因此选项[A]“⼀个很可能左翼受到的损坏”为正确选项。

⽽选项[B]“故意拒绝卫星图⽚”，选项[C]“有⼀种多愁善感以及所涉及的⼀种⾃负”和选项[D]“航天机构在执⾏任务中的⾏动迟缓”都不是导致事件直接引发的原因。

2006年考研英语完型填空题真题解析

一、完型填空参考译文：无家可归者占美国人口的比例越来越大。

而且，无家可归者已经增加了地方政府都无法应对的地步。

为了帮助无家可归者走向独立，联邦政府必须支持就业培训项目、提高最低工资并资助建设更多低价住房。

美国到底有多少无家可归者大家的意见并不一致，估计是在60万到300万之间。

尽管人们估计的数字可能各不相同，分析家们对另外一个问题的意见的确是一致的：无家可归者的数量正在增长。

联邦政府的一项研究预测，在本十年结束之前，无家可归者的数量将接近1900万。

想办法帮助这些越来越多的无家可归者任务越来越艰巨。

即使无家可归者找到了住处，白天有三餐，晚上能安眠，还是会有很多人每天大部分时间流落街头。

部分问题是，许多无家可归的成年人都是酒鬼或者瘾君子；而相当多的无家可归者患有严重的精神病；还有许多人虽然不喝酒吸毒，精神也正常，但就是没有使自己翻身的基本生活能力。

《波士顿环球日报》记者克里斯。

雷迪认为只有通过全面规划来解决这些无家可归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。

用马塞诸塞州本特里学院社区服务部主任爱德华。

布罗特科瓦斯克的话来说就是：“各种规划必须协调运行，我们需要的是一篮子计划。

”二、参考答案及要点分析：1. D.本句接第一句。

前句说无家可归者的比例越来越大，接下来的这句话表示递进，所以选furthermore.A选项表示“的确”，B选项likewise意思为“同理，同样”，C选项therefore 表示因果关系，三个错误选项干扰性最大的是A选项，因为从逻辑上来分析，它入选的可能也很大，但相比之下递进的意思更符合逻辑。

难度：☆☆☆☆2. B这里表示第一句中提到的问题已经让地方政府无法应付了，因此选择cope（应付，应对）。

A选项stand表示“容忍”，C选项approve表示“同意”，D选项retain表示“保留”，均不合题意。

难度：☆☆3. D本句表示“帮助无家可归的人走向独立”，故选择toward.本题的干扰项是C选项的with.虽然我们学过to help sb. with…这样的句型，但该句型表示的是“帮助某人做/学什么”的意思，如help me with my English（帮助我学习英语），help me with my exercises（帮助我做作业）。

考研英语2006答案解析

其次今年的阅读理解给我们导航的反馈不一样。有很多人说今年的阅读好难，虽然今年的间接题很多，但是你会发现以往都会暗示作者推断什么，今年也出现暗示和推论但一定把范围缩小，会给你一些专有名词数字等等。
今年在阅读B这一块开了一个很大的玩笑，原先的题目设计不知道是怎么样的，但有一点从十一月份各个培训学校的老师，包括北京东方导航的老师在各大网站进行预测的时候都从测试学的角度认为今年出这个新题型是考排序题，所以今年刚好把这个颠过来了，虽然只有十分，但是我们可以认为这个题在十一月份会被换掉，而且我在考试之前还提到由于我们的评分标准不统一，所以在这一块还有争议，到底是五个空全部排列完整得分，还是部分排列得分。今天拿到7选5很多同学比较担心，但今年的7选5确实比去年难度有所降低，去年的文章有一个A选项，这个A选和文章当中的很多段落有关系。我们做阅读B考察的是在相对比较小的语言环境当中讨论的主题对象只有一个，所以我们可以在各个段落找到不同的要点，把空前面和后面的东西与ABCD选项的文章进行对应，而没有必要全部把文章读完。今年比较明显的单词对应要干净的多。我甚至都逼着同学说，你41、42、43都想选的话那一定是老师设计出来的干扰项，而今年这样的现象就不再存在。
郑景婷：第二篇文章里面主要是讲的莎士比亚的故居，它的问题是旅游给我们带来的问题。在第四篇文章里面比较抽象，同学普遍反应这一篇文章比较难，讲到了社会科学方面，讲到了艺术的各种形式在表达形式上有横向和纵向的比较。题材并不是最重要的，最主要的是今天英语考完之后有两种看法，一个觉得很难，一个是觉得今年阅读没有很难的地方。从总体来说我们的考生应当把我们的注意力集中到我们的题干以及题目干扰项的设计上。
while这个词是当的意思，此外它还有尽管的意思，所以如果你“尽管”的意思出不来的话，问题会比较严重一些，所以这个词要注意一下。还有大家说到了Contribut原来是贡献，在这里是促成的意思。在第四个句子里面难度很高，不仅有插入语，而且还有变相的比较级的比较否定，如果你看不出来这一块会比较麻烦，这一块大概会占到1分。当然前面四个句子都比较难，最后一个句子比较简单一些，最后一个句子有预期上的调度和调整，要么就是根本没有。其实我们都可以预测到，它的这个翻译，每次必考的就是这些，有词意的选择，有代词，有比较级，有被动语态，有倒装句，这就是今年的翻译，在难以程度和翻译上没有什么新意。基本上是一个句子难一个句子简单，难度比较充分。

2006年考研英语真题与答案解析

2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates 6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. 7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8 . One of the federal government’s studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16 . Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1.[A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore2.[A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain3.[A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward4.[A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep5.[A] Generally [B] Almost [C] Hardly [D] Not6.[A] cover [B] change [C] range [D] differ7.[A] Now that [B] Although [C] Provided [D] Except that8.[A] inflating [B] expanding [C] increasing [D] extending9.[A] predicts [B] displays [C] proves [D] discovers10.[A] assist [B] track [C] sustain [D] dismiss11.[A] Hence [B] But [C] Even [D] Only12.[A] lodging [B] shelter [C] dwelling [D] house13.[A] searching [B] strolling [C] crowding [D] wandering14.[A] when [B] once [C] while [D] whereas15.[A] life [B] existence [C] survival [D] maintenance16.[A] around [B] over [C] on [D] up17.[A] complex [B] comprehensive [C]complementary [D] compensating18.[A] So [B] Since [C] As [D] Thus19.[A] puts [B] interprets [C] assumes [D] makes20.[A] supervision [B] manipulation [C] regulation [D] coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgea ble elite” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation—language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent ofAsian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fea r that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when vie wed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggesta dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century ________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is _______.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny totheir revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when youconsider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share ofnoise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)—lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2, Paragraph 4), t he author implies that______.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because ________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. Whatresearchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that ________.[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount[D] the number of large predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old33. By saying “these figures are conservative” (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] then catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’ ________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’sdaffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda—to lure us to open our wallets—they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!” commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget—what our economy depends on us forgetting—is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer” (Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably means something ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replace the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes ________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”. (41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions” letter. Noting the“medical/psychological” nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,” intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest ofa windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science,society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on—you might say addicted to—revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketing department continu ed to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B] It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of the intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems.He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals—the average scientist, for one. (48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicatehis energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50) They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in “public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2006年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文介绍了美国无家可归者日益增多这个社会问题。

【Selected】2006年考研英语完形填空真题答案解析.doc

20GG年考研英语完形填空真题答案解析1.A逻辑关系题(总分关系)根据要填的空所在语句的前一句“无家可归者在美国人口中所占比例越来越大”与后一句“无家可归者所占的比例已经达到如此地步以至于…”，并不难发现后一句是对前一句的一个例证和强调。

ABCD四个选项中，A.Indeed的确，一般表示强调;B.LiAewise类似地，表示前后两句的相似性;C.Therefore因此，是一个因果连词，强调结果;而D.Furthermore进一步说，表示递进关系。

因此，只有A选项符合前后两句间的例证强调关系，故为正确答案。

2.B词义辨析题(动词辨析)考察动词的辨析，首先要找到空所在那句话的主干，即“homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan’tpossibly__”，该句给出了动作的发出者(主语)，即localgovernment，那么只要判断出该主语可以发出选项中的哪个动作，问题就迎刃而解了;此外，空后没有其他成分，即宾语，因此，填入的动词应为不及物动词。

ABCD四个选项中，A.stand，忍受，及物动词，不符合句子结构;B.cope，处理，忍受，不及物动词，放在原句中表达完整意思，“…已达到政府无法忍受的地步”，为正确选项;C.approve，批准，通常“批准”的是文件，与原句语言环境不符;而D.retain，保留，与无家可归人的数量搭配在一起不合适。

因此，正确答案为B.cope。

3.D固定搭配题(介词辨析)选项中的四个介词都可以与help搭配，分别构成：A.helpsb.indoingsth.帮助某人做某事;B.helpsb.for为…而帮助某人;C.helpsb.withsth.帮助某人处理某事;D.helpsb.toward…帮助某人向(某个方向发展)。

结合语境具体信息，“Tohelphomelesspeople__independence,thefederalgovernmentmust…”，“为帮助无家可归人__独立，联邦政府必须支持就业培训计划…”，D选项toward最符合题意，故为正确答案。

2006年考研英语完型填空真题

Section I The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s America’s population. __1_ homeless population. __1_ homeless ness has reached such proportions that local government can’t can’t possibly __2__. To hel possibly __2__. To hel p homeless people __3__ independence, the federal government must support job trai ning programs, __4__ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. __5__ ev eryone a gre es on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anyw here from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on anoth er matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__, one of the federal gove rnment’s rnment’s s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has bec ome increasingly difficult. __11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give the m three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk o f each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are add icted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious ment al disorders. Many others, __14__ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyd ay __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy n otes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community s ervice at Bentley College in Massachusetts, __19__ it, “There “There has to be __20__ of pro has to be __20__ of pro grams. What’s What’s need is a package need is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore 2. [A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain 3. [A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward 4. [A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep 5. [A] Generally [B] Almost [C] Hardly [D] Not 6. [A] cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ 7. [A]now that [B]although [C]provided [D]Except that 8. [A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending 9. [A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers 10. [A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss 11. [A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only 12. [A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house 13. [A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering 14. [A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas 15. [A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance 16. [A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up 17. [A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compen sat ing 18. [A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus 19. [A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes 20. [A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination 答案：Section I Use of English (10 points) 1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. A 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. A 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D 。