化学专业英语试卷B答案
化工专业英语试题及答案
2014~2015学年秋季学期化工专业英语期末考试一、简单词汇翻译（每题1分，共20分）1、Alkali ( )2、sulphuric ( )3、ammonia ( )4、polymer ( )5、polyethylene( )6、polyurethane ( )7、cyclohexane ( ) 8、hydrogen( )9、nitric ( ) 10、profitability( )11、Seale-up ( ) 12、leaching( )13、corriosion ( ) 14、distillation( )15、gradient ( ) 16、exothermic( ) 17、polycarbonate( )18、isothermal( )19、cybernetics ( ) 20、filtration( )二、句子翻译（每题5分，共30分）1、Once the pilot plant is operational,performance and optimization data can be obtained in order to evaluate the process from an economic point of view.___________________________________________________________2、By contrast,the chemical engineer typically works with much larger quantities of material and with very large equipment.___________________________________________________________3、pressure drives the equilibrium forward ,as four molecules of gas are being transformed into two.___________________________________________________________4、What industry needs to achieve in the process is an acceptable combination of reaction speed and reaction yield.___________________________________________________________5、The ammonia and air mixture can be oxidized to dinitrogen and water.___________________________________________________________6、The important point to keep in mind is that all energy of all kinds must be included,although it may be converted to a single equivalent.___________________________________________________________三、化工专业名词书写（每题一分，共24分）1、加热（）2、焙烧（）3、吸收（）4、冷凝（）5、沉降（）6、结晶（）7、粉碎（）8、电解（）9、搅动（）10、离心（）11、平衡（）12、体积（）13、催化剂（）14、一（）15、二（）16、三（）17、四（）18、五（）19、六（）20、七（）21、八（）22、九、（）23、十（）24、氮基化合物（）四、表达方式运用，用括号里的单词翻译下列句子（每题5分，共20分）1、化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。
化工专业英语练习题 参考答案
练习一参考答案1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1)A process is any operation or series of operations that causes a physical or chemical change in asubstance or a mixture of substances .The material that enters a process is referred to as input or feed the process,and that which leaves is called output or product.2)As a chemical engineer,you might be called on to design individual process units (such as reactors,distillation columns,heat exchangers),supervise the operation of a process,or modify a process design to accommodate a change in the feed or in the desired product characteristics.As a rule,to any of these things you must know the amounts,compositions,and conditions of the materials that enter and leave each process unit,and if you are working with an existing units,you must be able to measure enough of these quantities to verify that the process is doing what it was designed to do.3)Founded in 1839from a small production firm for pharmaceutical products,B.Braun has grown steadilyinto a multinational company dealing with medical products,medical technology,pharmaceutical and biotechnology.2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1）包括的一系列操作，如混合、蒸发、过滤，无论产物是什么，这些操作都基本同，从而导致了单元操作的概念。
化学化工专业英语试卷及答案
2011年春季学期应用化学专业《08级化学化工专业英语试卷答案》1. state-of-the-industry 中文：工业发展水平（1分）2. alkyl ether sulfate中文：烷基醚硫酸盐（酯）（1.5分）3. W/O 英文：water in oil，(oil emulsion) ；中文：油乳胶（油包水）（1.5分）4. 2,6-Dimethy-2,7-octadien-6-ol 画出结构式：（4分）5. The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.英文：Hydrophoby ；中文：疏水性（亲油性）(1.5分)6. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency.英文：Wetting agent ；中文：润湿剂(1.5分)7. The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.英文：Detergency ；中文：去污性（力）(1.5分)8. An attribute which is related to benefit not directly but through association or suggestion.英文：Signal attribute ；中文：信号属性(1.5分)9. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.英文：ammonia ；中文：氨气(2分)10. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.英文：Carbon dioxide ；中文：二氧化碳(2分)11. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen.英文：Fluorine ；中文：氟(2分)12. KH2PO4Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2分)13. ZnSO4·7H2O Zinc sulfate hept(a)hydrate (2分)14.3-methyl-2-ethyl(-1-)butene (3-methyl-2-ethyl but-1-ene) (3.5分) 15.4-(1-ethyl-butayl)-5-hydroxy-2-hexayne-1-al (7.5分)16. A good example of such a versatile attribute is fragrance. (2分)译文：这样一个多功能属性的好例子就是香味。
生化英文试题及答案
生化英文试题及答案1. Translate the following terms into English:- 酶- 核酸- 代谢- 脂质Answer:- Enzyme- Nucleic Acid- Metabolism- Lipid2. Match the following biochemical processes with their descriptions:- Glycolysis- Fermentation- Respiration- PhotosynthesisA. The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy.B. The breakdown of glucose to produce energy in the absence of oxygen.C. The process by which cells generate energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.D. The process by which cells convert glucose into pyruvate.Answer:- Glycolysis: D- Fermentation: B- Respiration: C- Photosynthesis: A3. What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?Answer:ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, serves as the primary energy currency of the cell. It is used to power various cellular processes, such as muscle contraction, active transport across cell membranes, and synthesis of biomolecules.4. List the four types of RNA and their functions:Answer:- mRNA (messenger RNA): Carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.- tRNA (transfer RNA): Transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.- rRNA (ribosomal RNA): Forms part of the ribosome, which is the site of protein synthesis.- snRNA (small nuclear RNA): Involved in the processing of pre-mRNA in the cell nucleus.5. Describe the structure of a typical protein.Answer:A typical protein is composed of one or more polypeptide chains, each made up of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. The structure of a protein can be described at four levels:- Primary structure: The linear sequence of amino acids. - Secondary structure: Local folding patterns such as alpha-helices and beta-sheets.- Tertiary structure: The overall three-dimensional shape of the protein, stabilized by hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.- Quaternary structure: The arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains in a multi-subunit protein.6. What are the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?Answer:The main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells include:- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.- Prokaryotic cells have a simpler genome, often in the form of a single circular DNA molecule, whereas eukaryotic cells have a more complex, linear DNA organized into multiple chromosomes.- Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells.- Prokaryotic cells reproduce by binary fission, while eukaryotic cells reproduce by mitosis and meiosis.7. Explain the concept of enzyme specificity.Answer:Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to catalyze a particular chemical reaction involving specific substrates. This specificity is due to the unique shape of the enzyme's active site, which allows it to bind only to certain molecules, ensuring that the enzyme can only catalyze the intended reaction.8. What is the role of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) in cellular respiration?Answer:The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle, plays a central role in cellular respiration by oxidizing acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into carbon dioxide, while generating NADH and FADH2, which are electron carriers that feed into the electron transport chain to produce ATP.。
化学化工英语试题及答案
化学化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is a chemical element?A. WaterB. OxygenC. HydrogenD. Carbon答案：B, C, D2. The chemical formula for table salt is:A. NaOHB. NaClC. HClD. NaHCO3答案：B3. What is the process called when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation答案：C4. In the periodic table, which group contains alkali metals?A. Group 1B. Group 2C. Group 17D. Group 18答案：A5. What is the name of the process where a substance decomposes into two or more substances due to heat?A. CombustionB. OxidationC. ReductionD. Decomposition答案：D6. Which of the following is a physical property of a substance?A. ColorB. TasteC. SolubilityD. Reactivity答案：A7. What is the term for a compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water?A. BaseB. AcidC. SaltD. Neutral答案：B8. The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction:A. Mass is lostB. Mass is gainedC. Mass remains constantD. Mass can be converted into energy答案：C9. Which of the following is a type of chemical bond?A. Ionic bondB. Covalent bondC. Hydrogen bondD. All of the above答案：D10. What is the name of the process where a substance absorbs energy and changes from a liquid to a gas?A. MeltingB. VaporizationC. SublimationD. Condensation答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The symbol for the element iron is ________.答案：Fe2. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________.答案：0 to 143. A compound that produces a basic solution when dissolvedin water is called a ________.答案：base4. The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties is called a ________.答案：atom5. The process of separating a mixture into its individual components is known as ________.答案：separation6. The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter is called ________.答案：chemistry7. The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid is called ________.答案：condensation8. A(n) ________ reaction is a type of chemical reactionwhere two or more substances combine to form a single product. 答案：synthesis9. The volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressureis directly proportional to the number of ________.答案：moles10. The process of converting a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase is known as ________. 答案：sublimation三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain what is meant by the term "stoichiometry" in chemistry.答案：Stoichiometry is the calculation of the relative quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.It is based on the law of conservation of mass and involvesthe use of balanced chemical equations and the molar massesof substances to determine the amounts of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product or the amounts ofproducts formed from a given amount of reactant.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.答案：A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, and boiling. A chemical change, on the other hand, involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances. Examples include combustion and rusting.3. What are the three main types of chemical bonds, and givean example of each.答案：The three main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. An example is the bond between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) in table salt (NaCl). A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, as seen in water (H2O) where hydrogen atoms share electrons with oxygen. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where a "sea" of delocalized electrons is shared among positively charged metal ions, as in sodium metal。
绍兴文理学院2021级大一化学专业英语上学期期末考试试卷附答案
2021级大一英语上学期期末考试试卷附答案Part II Reading Comprehension (30 %)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneScience is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience.It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After anexperiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist’s colleagues, who review the work. Einstein was right when he said: “No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.”In August 1996, NASA announced the discovery in Antarctica of a meteorite(流星) from Mars that might contain evidence of ancient life on another world. As President Clinton said that day, the possibility that life existed on Mars billions of years ago was potentially one of the great discoveries of our time.After the excitement wore down and initial papers were published, other researchers began looking at samples from the same meteorite. Some concluded that the “evidence of life”was mostly contamination from Antarctic ice or that there was nothing organic at all in the rock.Was this a failure of science, as some news reports trumpeted?No! It was a good example of the scientific method working the way it is supposed to. Scientists spend years on research, announce their findings, and these findings are examined by other scientists. That’s how we learn. Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two. It’s a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead.21. The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to state that ____________.A) most scientific discoveries are not reliableB) mass media is misleading because it looks at the research results onlyC) scientific research is a process filled with reverses and requires slow and patientworkD) repeated experiments are necessary before medicine can be used in patients22. Publication of a scientific finding signifies __________.A) a challenge to fellow scientists to prove it wrongB) the end of a processC) the beginning of a new scientific inquiryD) the soundness of the result23. Einstein’s words are used to show that he thought___________.A) experiments have proved him rightB) scientists do not need so many experimentsC) one experiment is not enough to prove him wrong.D) scientific ideas are never free from challenge24. NASA’s announcement of the discovery of evidence of ancient life on Mars shows _________.A) the way human beings learn about natureB) the failure of the scientific methodC) the fruitlessness of human search for life on another worldD) the excitement brought by scientific findings25. It can be inferred from the passage that the media is interested in __________.A) the process of scientific researchB) the results of scientific researchC) the scientists who do the researchD) the effects of scientific research on human lifePassage TwoNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and anotherduring his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.26. Normally a student would at least attend __________classes each week.A) 36B) 12C) 20D) 1527. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed _______.A) to live in a different universityB) to take a particular course in a different universityC) to live at home and drive to classesD) to get two degrees from two different universities28. American university students are usually under pressure of work because_________.A) their academic performance will affect their future careersB) they are heavily involved in student affairsC) they have to observe university disciplineD) they want to run for positions of authority29.Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because_________.A) they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB) they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC) such positions help them get better jobsD) such positions are usually well paid30. The student organizations seem to be effective in _________.A) dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB) ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC) evaluating students’performance by bringing them before a courtD) keeping up the students’enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage ThreeDoreen Sykora is now a junior at Mcgill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well prepared for my examinations. But I would go in to class to take the exam, and I would fall apart. I could not answer the questions correctly-----even though I knew the answers! I would just blank out because of nervousness and fear.”Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is stressed about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. “Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly and carefully. I breathe easily and let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I’m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well.”For Hitoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.31. Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto were filled with nervousness and fear during examinations because they were__________.A) not ready and unaware of the answersB) physically so weak that they fell apartC) subject to test anxietyD) unable to write or think clearly32. The higher the students’worry level is, __________.A) the less calm and relaxing they areB) the more difficult they will be trained to manage fearC) the more stressed and tense they areD) the longer courses they will take to manage fear33. What’s the purpose of some special university student-help courses?A) To help students to reduce test anxiety.B) To show a stress level experienced by students.C) To learn more knowledge about test anxiety.D) To have a better understanding of test anxiety.34. What’s the meaning of “blank out”in paragraph one?A) To be like a blanket.B) To be sure of an answer.C) To be relaxed.D) To be unable to think clearly.35.Which of the following best sums up the organization of the passage?A) Examples----theories----ideas.B) Problem----strategy----examples----results.C) General statement----examples----result.D) Strategy----experiment----examples.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (15 %)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.36. The president made a _______ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.A) vigorousB) tediousC) flatD) harsh37. It is not easy to learn English well but if you _______, you will succeed in the end.A) hang upB) hang aboutC) hang onD) hang onto38. Remember that customers don’t _______ about prices in that city.A) debateB) bargainC) disputeD) consult39. The newcomers found it impossible to _______ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.A) suitB) adaptC) regulateD) coordinate40. A _______ to this problem is expected to be found before long.A) resultB) functionC) settlementD) solution41. You have nothing to _______ by refusing to listen to our advice.A) gainB) graspC) seizeD) earn42. One day I _______ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.A) came acrossB) came aboutC) came afterD) came at43. A peculiarly pointed chin is his memorable facial _______.A) markB) featureC) traceD) appearance44. I hope that you’ll be more careful in typing the letter. Don’t _______ anything.A) omitB) leakC) lackD) withdraw45. Our new house is very _______ for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.A) adaptableB) convenientC) availableD) comfortable46. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply_______.A) appreciatedB) approvedC) appealedD) applied47. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _______ on benches, chairs or boxes.A) having seatedB) seatingC) seatedD) having been seated48. He is _______ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A) optimisticB) optionalC) outstandingD) obvious49. The clothes a person wears may express his _______or social position.A) curiosityB) statusC) determinationD) significance50. I don’t know the word. I had to _______ a dictionary.A) throw upB) make outC) refer toD) take over51. Look at these beautiful Japanese stamps. Roger gave them to me in _____ for two sets of 1988 British special issue.A) exchangeC) shiftD) switch52. It is rather _____ that the research team as a whole still has little idea about the cause of that fatal disease.A) rewardingB) demandingC) embarrassingD) requiring53. The people of African interior began to _____ gold in exchange for the goods they needed from abroad.A) desireB) affordC) offerD) receive54. We should not blame her for what happened yesterday, because that was outside her _____of responsibility.A) fieldB) limitC) extentD) range55. The students put forward some suggestions _____ consideration.B) worthyC) worthD) worthy of56. The author of the report is well _____ with the problem in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.A) acquaintedB) informedC) enlightenedD) advised57. After years of hard work, he finally gained ______ to the university which he longed for many years.A) accessB) commitmentC) opportunityD) reward58. _____ you have passed the driving test successfully, you can drive on your own.A) By nowB) Now and againC) Now thenD) Now that59. Within first seven seconds of meeting, people will form their opinion about others through unspoken communication like _____, postures and attitudes.A) signsB) gesturesC) symptomsD) symbols60. It had never _____ to me that our football team won the game.A) struckB) occurredC) hitD) meant61. The students ______ in cleaning the classroom according to the arrangement.A) alternateB) adaptC) adoptD) admit62. Have you any ______plans about how to deal with these difficulties? We need to be practical-minded.A) abstractB) consistentC) concreteD) contrary63. The professor was afraid that unless the train speeded up he would miss his _______ to New York.A) junctionB) connectionC) seatD) carriage64. When writing about controversial topics, some authors try to be _______ without favoring either side.A) reflectiveB) persuasiveC) impressiveD) objective65. Many factors such as too much stress, bad living habits can lead to poor ______ and ill health.A) experienceB) appearanceC) performanceD) competencePart IV Cloze (10 %)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds (语声), and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.Let’s look at this 66______ in more detail, because it is language, more than anything else, 67_____ distinguishes man from the rest of the 68_____ world.Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by 69_____ of cries: for example, many birds utter (发声) 70_____calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter 71_____ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. 72_____ these various means of communication differ in important ways 73_____ human language. For instance, animals’cries do not 74_____ thought and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that 75_____ us to divide a human utterance (发声) into 76_____.We can change an utterance by 77_____ one word in it with 78_____: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north”, 79_____ who can change one word and say “aircraftapproaching from the north”or “tanks approaching from the west”; but a bird has a single alarm cry, 80_____ means “danger!”This is why the number of 81_____ that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case 82_____ point; it has about twenty different calls, 83_____ in human language the number of possible utterances is 84_____. It also explains why animal cries are very 85_____ in meaning.66. A) recognitionB) function67. A) itB) that68. A) nativeB) animal69. A) waysB) methods70. A) datingB) exciting71. A) identicalB) different72. A) ButB) Therefore73. A) fromB) about74. A) inferB) explain75. A) encouragesB) enforces76. A) soundsB) words77. A) spellingB) saying78. A) oursB) another79. A) soB) but80. A) thisB) that81. A) signsB) signals82. A) inB) at83. A) sinceB) while84. A) limitless85. A) ordinaryB) alikeC) classificationD) definitionC) asD) whatC) humanD) physicalC) meansD) approachesC) warningD) boringC) similarD) unfamiliarC) AfterwardsD) FurthermoreC) withD) inC) interpretD) express C) enablesC) voicesD) speechesC) replacingD) pronouncingC) theirsD) othersC) orD) andC) whichD) itC) gesturesD) marksC) ofD) forC) anyhowD) somehowC) changeableD) ceaselessC) commonD) generalPart V Writing (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Online Self-access Learning. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 一些人认为上机自主学习方式好;2. 也有一些人认为传统的授课方式好;3. 我的看法。
专业英语B1【考试试卷答案】
专业英语B1【考试试卷答案】《专业英语》试卷B适用专业：考试日期：考试时间：120分钟考试形式：闭卷试卷总分：100分一、填空（18分）1.The four strokes of a four-stroke engine are: 、、、。
2.The lubrication system has fours functions, they are: 、、、。
3. TDC is the abbreviation(缩写) for ，ABS is the abbreviation for。
4.An valve which allows the fresh charge of fuel／air into the combustion chamber。
5.An valve which allows the spent gases to escape to the atmosphere via the exhaust system。
6.Generally, an engine consists of two mechanisms and five systems. They are 、、、、、and the lubrication system。
二、英译汉（共82分）The automobiles now running on streets are so various in style and design that you can hardly imagine what the automobiles looked like one hundred years ago. With the development of auto industry, automobiles have been changed greatly and remodeled from time to time. But, however different the auto models, automobiles are basically the same in structure. In other words, any automobile is composed of four sections such as engine, chassis, body and electrical system..The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel(also called a compression-ignition engine).Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission。
2023年化学期末考试题目与解答(英文)
2023年化学期末考试题目与解答(英文) 2023 Chemistry Final Exam Questions and Answers1. Define the term "molecule" and provide an example.3. Describe the process of chemical bonding.4. Discuss the concept of chemical equilibrium.Chemical equilibrium is a state in a chemical reaction where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentrations of reactants and products.5. Explain the difference between an exothermic and endothermic reaction.An exothermic reaction releases heat to its surroundings, while an endothermic reaction absorbs heat from its surroundings.6. Define the term "pH" and its significance in chemistry.pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, indicating the concentration of hydrogen ions present. It is important in chemistry as it affects the properties and behavior of substances in a solution.7. Discuss the role of catalysts in chemical reactions.Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They work by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy for the reaction to occur.8. Describe the properties and uses of the following elements: carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.9. Explain the concept of oxidation and reduction in chemical reactions.Oxidation is the loss of electrons by a substance, while reduction is the gain of electrons. Together, they make up redox reactions where electrons are transferred between reactants.10. Discuss the environmental impact of chemical processes and the importance of green chemistry.Chemical processes can have negative effects on the environment through pollution and waste generation. Green chemistry aims to design chemical products and processes that minimize their impact on human health and the environment.These are just a few examples of the topics that may be covered in the 2023 Chemistry Final Exam. Make sure to review your notes, textbooks, and practice problems to prepare thoroughly for the exam.。
化学专业英语化学专业英语课期末考试试卷含答案
化学专业英语试卷学号：姓名：成绩: 一：把下列单词或词组译成英文本题共 30 分,每小题 1 分1. NiClO42 nickel perchlorate3. FeCl2 iron2chloride5. AlNO33 aluminum nitrate7. MnO2 manganese dioxide9. N2O3 dinatrogen trioxide11. NaClO sodium hypochloride13. P2O5 diphosphorous pentaoxide15. KMnO4 patassium permangate17. 盐酸hydrochloric acid19. KCN patassium cyanide21. 5-甲基-4-丙基壬烷5-methyl-4-propylnonaane23. 四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride25. 中和neutralize27. 比热容specific heat capacity29. 酸酐anhytride 2. CuSO4 copper sulfate4. CoCO3 cobalt carbate6. CaC2H3O22 calcium acetate8. H2SO410. 六氰合铁Ⅱ酸钾12. Ag2SO3 sliver sulfite14. 草酸铅 lead cyanate16. ZnOH2 zinc hydroxide18. 磷酸根 phosphate20. 2,3-二甲基戊烷2,3-dimethylpentane22. 2,3,7-三甲基-5-乙基辛烷2,3,7-trimethyl-5-ethyloct ane24. 石蕊试纸litmus paper 26. 滴定titration28. 非电解质electrolyte 30. 配位化合物complex compound三. 把下列短文译成汉语本题共 40 分,每小题 10 分1. Without chemistry our lives would be unrecognisable, for chemistry is at work all around us. Think what life would be like without chemistry - there would be no plastics, no electricity and no protective paints for our homes. There would be no synthetic fibres to clothe us and no fertilisers to help us produce enough food. We wouldn’t be able to travel because there would be no metal, rubber or fuel for cars, ships and aeroplane. Our lives would be changed considerably without telephones, radio, television or computers, all of which depend on chemistry for the manufacture of their parts. Life expectancy would be much lower, too, as there would be no drugs to fight disease.没有化学反应我们的生活将会大变样,化学就在我们周围;没有化学生活会是什么样子——没有塑料,,家里没有电,也没有防护漆;不会给我们合成纤维,没有化肥帮助我们生产足够的食物;我们不能旅行,因为不会有金属、橡胶或燃料汽车、船只和飞机;我们的生活将会大大改变了没有电话、收音机、电视或电脑,所有这些依赖化学生产的部分;没有药物来抵抗疾病,预期寿命将低得多;2． The first and second laws of thermodynamics and the meaning of entropy will be discussed. and expanded upon in this lesson. It will be shown that energy transformations on a macroscopic scale — that is, between large aggregates of atoms and/or molecules —can be understood in terms of a set of logical principles. Thus thermodynamics provides a model of the behavior of matter in bulk. The power of such a model is that it does not depend on atomic or molecular structure. Furthermore, conclusions about a given process .based on this model, do not require details of how the process is carried out.探讨热力学第一和第二定律和熵的意义.和扩展在这个知识;也就是说它将表明能源在宏观上的转换,根据一组逻辑原则可以理解能量在大量的原子或分子内的转换;因此热力学定理提供了一个物质体积变化的模型;这样一个模型的能力在于它不依赖于原子或分子结构;此外,给定进程的结论依托于这种模式,不需要的详细说明过程是如何进行的3．Preparation of Cuen2cdaH2O: H2cda 4-羟基-2,6 吡啶二酸 g, mmol was dissolvedin water 10 mL and the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 7~8 with aqueous NaOH solution molL-1, then adding it dropwise to a methanol solution 10mL ofCuClO42·6H2O , and ethylenediamine mmol under stirring at room temperature.After the resulting small quantity of precipitates was filtered off, dark blue crystals suitable for X-ray structure analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of the filtrate at room temperature.制备CUen2cdaH2O:使克,的4 -羟基2、6吡啶二酸溶解在10ml水中加入氢氧化钠水溶液调整到pH值7 ~ 8,然后将它一滴一滴地添加到CuClO42·6H2O,的乙醇溶液和乙二胺,在室温下搅拌;在室温下,缓慢蒸发滤液,得到深蓝色晶体,用x射线分析它的结构4. Measure 50 ml of vinegar with a pipette and pour into a 250-ml beaker. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Fill a burette with a 1 N solution of sodium hydroxide NaOH and draw out the excess as described above. From the burette add NaOH to the beaker of vinegar until 1 drop of NaOH produces a pale pink color in the solution. Maintain constant stirring. The appearance of pink tells you that the acid has been neutralized by the base and there is now 1 drop of excess base which has turned the indicator. Read the burette and record this reading as the volume of base used to neutralize the acid. One molecule of NaOH neutralizes one molecule of acetic acid, or one gram-molecular weight of NaOH neutralizes one gram-molecular weight of acetic acid. Calculate the amount of acetic acid present in the vinegar. Report this amount as the percentage of acetic acid. 用移液管吸取50ml醋加入到250毫升烧杯,加2滴酚酞指示剂;在滴定管中加入1M的氢氧化钠溶液,去除刻度线以上的溶液,将氢氧化钠溶液加入到醋中,并不断震荡,至到加入一滴氢氧化钠溶液变成粉红色;出现粉红色的颜色,表示酸中和了碱,而且多余的一滴碱使指示剂变色;阅读并纪律中和酸消耗碱的体积;一个分子的氢氧化钠中和一个分子的醋酸,或一个分子重量的氢氧化钠中和一个分子重量的醋酸反应;计算醋酸在醋的量;报告醋酸的百分比;。
化学专业英语试卷
2009 —2010学年第一学期化学与材料学院（系）07级应用化学专业《专业英语》期末试卷1.Write the structural formula or Chinese name for each of the following(2% for each answer):（1）barium ion: （2）chlorate ion:（3）potassium ion: （4）carbonic acid:（5）ammonium ion: （6）pyrrole:（吡咯）（7）polystyrene: (聚苯乙烯) （8）p-hydroxybenzoic acid:(对羟基苯甲酸)（9）benzonitrile (苄腈) （10）critical pressure: （临界压力）（11）methanal: （甲醛）（12）buffer solution :（缓冲溶液）（13）alkali burette:（碱式滴定管）（14）extract ：(萃取) （15）tetrasulfur dinitride: （S4N2）（16）aldose:（醛醣）（17）sodium dihydrogenphosphate (磷酸二氢钠)（18）zinc oxide:（19）6-ethyl-4-methyldecane:（20）quantitative analysis: （定量分析）2.Write the English name for each of the following(2% for each answer):（1）IBr: （2）天平（balance）（3）阴离子(anion) （4）H2SO3（5）滴液漏斗: （dropping funnel）（6）CuNO3:（7）AgF: （8）滴定（n.）:(titrate)（9）Ca(MnO4)2: （10）辛醇:（11）十三烷：（12）(CH3CH2)2Hg: (diethylmercury)（13）CH3CHCH CH2CH3:（14）CH3CH2CHCOOHCH3:（15）CHOHONH2：（2-amino-5-hydroxybenzaldehyde）3.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:(1)Pick the size of your separatory (sep.) funnel. You will usually use 125 or250-mL, large scale reactions (1–10 g) can require 500-mL or 1-L sizes.Remember that your sep. funnel will contain the solvent and wash liquid which must be thoroughly mixed.(5% for the answer)参考答案：挑选出你要的分液漏斗的大小。
高中英语化学单选题50题
高中英语化学单选题50题1. 在实验室中，我们常用到的化学仪器“坩埚钳”，其英文名称是（）A. Crucible TongB. Crucible ClipC. Crucible PliersD. Crucible Forceps答案：D。
坩埚钳的正确英文表述是Crucible Forceps，A 选项Crucible Tong 一般指坩埚钳的不常见表述；B 选项Crucible Clip 通常指夹子，并非坩埚钳；C 选项Crucible Pliers 不是坩埚钳的标准英文表述。
2. 以下表示“氢气”的化学用语是（）A. HB. H₂C. 2HD. 2H₂答案：B。
H 表示氢元素或一个氢原子；2H 表示两个氢原子；2H₂表示两个氢气分子；H₂表示氢气。
3. 生活中常见的铁制品生锈，其主要化学成分是（）A. FeOB. Fe₂O₂C. Fe₂O₂D. Fe(OH)₂答案：B。
铁生锈的主要成分是氧化铁，即Fe₂O₂ 。
FeO 是氧化亚铁；Fe₂O₂ 是四氧化三铁；Fe(OH)₂ 是氢氧化亚铁，都不是铁生锈的主要成分。
4. 化学实验中，“加热”常用的英文表述是（）A. HeatB. WarmC. HotD. Cool答案：A。
Heat 有加热的意思；Warm 通常指温暖的；Hot 指热的；Cool 指凉爽的，所以应选择Heat。
5. 以下化学元素符号表示“铜”的是（）A. CaB. CuC. CoD. Cr答案：B。
Ca 表示钙；Cu 表示铜；Co 表示钴；Cr 表示铬，所以选择B 选项。
6. 下列化学方程式书写正确的是（）A. 2H₂O 通电2H₂ + O₂↑B. 4Fe + 3O₂ 点燃2Fe₂O₂C. Mg + O₂ 点燃MgO₂D. H₂ + CuO 加热Cu + H₂O答案：A。
A 选项水通电分解生成氢气和氧气，化学方程式书写正确。
B 选项铁在氧气中燃烧生成四氧化三铁，化学方程式应为3Fe + 2O₂ 点燃Fe₂O₂。
化学专英试题及答案
化学专英试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. The term "stoichiometry" refers to the:A. Study of chemical reactionsB. Calculation of amounts of reactants and products in chemical reactionsC. History of chemistryD. Physical properties of substances2. Which of the following is not a state of matter?A. SolidB. LiquidC. GasD. Energy3. The SI unit for the amount of substance is the:A. CoulombB. JouleC. MoleD. Newton4. In the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing:A. Atomic massB. Atomic numberC. ElectronegativityD. Ionization energy5. The process of converting a solid to a liquid is called:A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Decomposition二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The chemical symbol for the element oxygen is ________.2. The law that states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of molecules is known as________'s law.3. The process of a substance changing from a liquid to a solid is called ________.4. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________, with 7 being neutral.5. A compound that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water is known as an ________.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. Explain what is meant by the term "valency" in chemistry.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.3. What is the significance of the Avogadro's number in chemistry?4. Discuss the role of catalysts in chemical reactions.四、计算题（每题10分，共20分）1. If 5 moles of a gas occupy 22.4 liters at standard temperature and pressure (STP), calculate the volume occupied by 10 moles of the same gas at STP.2. A 1.5 M solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is mixed witha 3.0 M solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a 1:1 volume ratio. Calculate the molarity of the resulting solution.五、实验题（每题15分，共30分）1. Describe a laboratory procedure to test for the presence of chloride ions in a solution.2. Outline the steps to prepare a standard solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) for titration.答案：一、选择题1. B2. D3. C4. B5. C二、填空题1. O2. Boyle3. Solidification4. 0, 145. Acid三、简答题1. Valency refers to the combining power of an element, which is the number of hydrogen atoms it can combine with or replace in a chemical reaction.2. A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition, while a chemical change involves a transformation that results in theformation of new substances.3. Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23) is significant becauseit represents the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) in one mole of a substance.4. Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process, thus facilitating the reaction without altering the overall chemical equilibrium.四、计算题1. 44.8 liters2. 0.75 M五、实验题1. To test for chloride ions, add a small amount of silver nitrate solution to the test solution. If a white precipitate forms, it indicates the presence of chloride ions.2. To prepare a standard solution of KMnO4, dissolve a known mass of the compound in a minimal amount of distilled water, then dilute it to a known volume in a volumetric flask. The concentration can be calculated using the mass and volume of the solution.。
化学专业英语真题答案解析
化学专业英语真题答案解析化学是自然科学中的重要学科之一，在全球范围内都有广泛的研究和应用。
随着国际化和交流的加强，掌握好化学专业英语已经成为化学学生的必备能力之一。
为了帮助化学学生更好地应对英语考试，下面将针对化学专业英语真题进行解析，为大家详细解答各道题目。
第一题：The equation —— gives the action of the solvent on solute. What is the term that can be used to describe this equation?A. Complexation equationB. Partition coefficient equationC. Solubility equationD. Reaction equation正确答案：C. Solubility equation解析：这道题目考查了化学中关于溶解性的概念。
答题关键是理解题干中“the action of the solvent on solute”所涉及的内容，也就是溶解过程。
根据知识点可以得知，溶解度方程是用来描述溶解过程的，所以正确答案是C. Solubility equation。
第二题：According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy of a system and its surroundings will ______ during a chemical reaction.A. increaseB. decreaseC. remain constantD. fluctuate正确答案：C. remain constant解析：第一题涉及到了热力学中的第一定律。
根据第一定律的表述，能量在化学反应中是守恒的，也就是说系统和周围环境的能量总量不会发生变化。
因此，正确答案是C. remain constant。
英语化学考试题及答案
英语化学考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a property of matter?A. MassB. DensityC. ColorD. Volume答案：C2. The chemical formula for water is:A. H2OB. H2SC. CO2D. O2答案：A3. What is the name of the process where a substance changes from a solid to a liquid state?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation答案：C4. Which element has the atomic number 8?A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. CarbonD. Hydrogen答案：A5. The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction:A. The mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.B. The mass of the reactants is greater than the mass of the products.C. The mass of the reactants is less than the mass of the products.D. There is no relationship between the mass of reactants and products.答案：A6. What is the pH of a solution that is neither acidic nor basic?A. Less than 7B. Greater than 7C. Equal to 7D. Cannot be determined答案：C7. Which of the following is a physical change?A. Burning of woodB. Rusting of ironC. Dissolving of sugar in waterD. Photosynthesis答案：C8. The process of converting a liquid into a gas is called:A. VaporizationB. CondensationC. SublimationD. Melting答案：A9. What is the chemical symbol for sodium?A. NaB. MgC. FeD. Cu答案：A10. The valency of hydrogen is:A. +1B. -1C. +2D. -2答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The symbol for carbon dioxide is ________.答案：CO22. The atomic number of sodium is ________.答案：113. The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid is called ________.答案：condensation4. A solution with a pH of 4 is ________.答案：acidic5. The valency of oxygen is usually ________.答案：-26. The element with the chemical symbol Fe is ________.答案：iron7. The chemical formula for calcium carbonate is ________.答案：CaCO38. The process of a substance changing from a liquid to a solid is called ________.答案：freezing9. The symbol for the element with atomic number 17 is________.答案：Cl10. The pH of pure water at room temperature is ________.答案：7三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a compound and an element. 答案：A compound is a substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means and consists of only one type of atom.2. What is a chemical equation and how is it written?答案：A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction, showing the reactants and products and the conditions under which the reaction occurs. It is written by placing the reactants on the left side, the products on the right side, and the reaction conditions above or below the line separating the reactants and products.3. Describe the process of photosynthesis.答案：Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll pigments. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen in the presence of sunlight.4. What is the significance of the law of conservation of mass in chemistry?答案：The law of conservation of mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. This law is significant in chemistry because it helps to balance chemical equations and ensures that the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products in a chemicalreaction.5. Explain the concept of valency.答案：Valency is a measure of the combining power of an element, indicating the number of hydrogen atoms it can displace or combine with. It is a key concept in writing chemical formulas and understanding how elements react with each other.6. What is the difference between a physical and a chemical change?答案：A physical change is a change in the state or appearance of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, and dissolving. A chemical change involves a change。
化工英语试题及答案
化工英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a type of catalyst used in chemical reactions?A. Homogeneous catalystB. Heterogeneous catalystC. Biological catalystD. Inert catalyst答案：D2. The process of converting raw materials into products in a chemical plant is known as:A. SynthesisB. DistillationC. ReactionD. Processing答案：D3. What is the term used to describe the separation of a mixture into its individual components?A. FiltrationB. EvaporationC. DistillationD. Crystallization答案：C4. In chemical engineering, what does the acronym "P&ID" stand for?A. Process and Instrumentation DiagramB. Product and Industry DesignC. Plant and Industrial DevelopmentD. Power and Industrial Devices答案：A5. Which of the following is a common method for measuring the concentration of a solution?A. SpectrophotometryB. ChromatographyC. TitrationD. All of the above答案：D6. What is the main purpose of a heat exchanger in a chemical process?A. To increase the temperature of the reactantsB. To cool down the productsC. To transfer heat between two fluidsD. To separate components of a mixture答案：C7. Which of the following is a unit of measurement for pressure?A. Pascal (Pa)B. Newton (N)C. Joule (J)D. Coulomb (C)答案：A8. What is the term used to describe a chemical reaction that produces energy in the form of heat or light?A. Endothermic reactionB. Exothermic reactionC. Isothermal reactionD. Photochemical reaction答案：B9. In the context of chemical engineering, what does the term "yield" refer to?A. The amount of product produced per unit of timeB. The percentage of theoretical product that is actually producedC. The efficiency of a chemical processD. The amount of raw material used in a process答案：B10. Which of the following is a type of pollution control technology used in chemical plants?A. ScrubbersB. FiltersC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The chemical formula for water is __________.答案：H2O2. The SI unit for temperature is __________.答案：Kelvin (K)3. The process of converting a solid into a liquid by heating is called __________.答案：Melting4. A __________ is a device used to control the flow of a fluid in a pipeline.答案：Valve5. The __________ is a type of diagram that shows the relationship between different parts of a chemical process. 答案：Flowchart6. The term __________ refers to the study of the physical and chemical properties of materials.答案：Material Science7. The __________ is a type of equipment used to separate liquid mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. 答案：Distillation Column8. The __________ is a type of chemical reaction where two ormore substances combine to form a new compound.答案：Synthesis Reaction9. __________ is a method used to remove impurities from a substance by passing it through a semipermeable membrane.答案：Dialysis10. The __________ is a unit of measurement for the amount of substance in a system.答案：Mole三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous catalyst.答案：A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in thesame phase as the reactants, usually a liquid or gas. A heterogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in a different phase from the reactants, typically a solid.2. Describe the purpose of a control system in a chemical process.答案：A control system in a chemical process is used tomonitor and adjust the process variables to maintain the desired operating conditions. This ensures the process runs efficiently, safely, and produces the desired product quality.3. What are the three main types of distillation processes?答案：The three main types of distillation processes aresimple distillation, fractional distillation, and vacuum distillation.4. Discuss the importance of safety measures in a chemical plant.答案：Safety measures in a chemical plant are crucial to prevent accidents, protect the health of workers, and minimize environmental impact. They include proper equipment design, training of personnel, emergency response plans, and adherence to safety regulations.。
《专业英语》课程试卷(B)及答案
《专业英语》课程考试试卷（B）一、短语翻译（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、风味化合物；2. 生物合成代谢途径3. 累积反馈调节4. 葡萄糖异构酶5、蛋白质浓度的分析过程6、菌种保藏7、好氧微生物和厌氧微生物8、对数生长期9、发酵周期10三羧酸循环;二、根据专业词汇的构词法翻译下列专业词汇（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、micromolecule;2、transacetylation；3、phenoxymethylpenicillin;4、Acetyl-CoA;5、isodehydrogenase；6、hemicellulase;7、double-stranded DNA; 8、rate-limiting step；9、oligosaccharides；10、dihydroxyacetone;三、阅读理解（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）(一) Regulation of Branched Metabolic PathwayBiosynthetic metabolic pathways often have a common enzyme sequence and then branch leading to more than one end-product. Microorganisms have evolved feedback mechanisms, whereby a build-up of one end-product cause a feedback effect on the first enzyme of the branch leading to that product. In addition, mechanisms exist whereby the end-product of a branched pathway causes partial feedback inhibition of the first enzymes of the common sequence so that the flux of substrate passing through this sequence is proportionately reduced. This effect is achieved by use of isoenzymes, concerted feedback regulation and cumulative feedback regulation. These regulatory effect can be of two types: inhibition of enzyme activity and repression of enzyme synthesis. Where isoenzymes (multiple enzyme forms capable of catalysing the same reaction) are involved, the synthesis or inhibition of each enzyme form may be regulated by a different end-product. With concerted feedback regulation, only one enzyme is involved, but more than one product must be present to inhibit activity or repress enzyme synthesis. With cumulative feedback regulation, each end-product causes partial inhibition or repression and all end-products are required to completely block activity or synthesis.1.In the first sentence, ‘a common enzyme sequence’ means:(1)the reaction sequence catalysed by the enzymes(2)that the enzyme has the same amino acids sequence2.In concerted feedback regulation the enzyme is inhibited and repressed by(1)several kinds of end-products(2)only one kind of end-product3.The isoenzymes means:(1)the enzymes have different functions(2)the enzymes are capable of catalysing the same reaction4.With cumulative feedback regulation, each end-product causes:(1)complete inhibition and repression(2)partial inhibition or repression(二）Immobilization of enzymesEnzymes are often used as nonrecoverable chemical reagents, in which case they are added to the substrate incubated at the required temperature and pH for a period and subsequently destroyed. Amylase, proteases and other inexpensive bulk enzymes are used in this way. Alternatively, enzymes may be attached to an inert support (immobilized). This offers the advantages of (1) recovery andre-use of the enzymes, in batch reactors; or (2) the development of continuously operated enzyme reactions similar to continuous fermentation systems used for microorganisms; (3) the possibility of multi-enzyme systems; and (4) the enzyme does not remain in the processed solution. However, there are some disadvantages, the enzyme may be stabilized by immobilization but it may also lose activity, and the process becomes technically more complex.There are many ways to immobilize enzymes, the common procedures involve (1)absorption to an insoluble support of either organic or inorganic origin. Cellulose, dextran, nylon and bentonite are some of the many carriers that have been used. Attachment may be by physical adsorption, ionic binding or covalent bonding. (2) Entrapment methods in which the enzyme is localized within a polymer matrix are popular and include gel or fiber entrapment and microencapsulation in which the enzyme is enclosed within sperical semipermeable polymer membranes. (3) A simple but effective procedure is to immobilize the enzyme within the host cell by heat treatment or covalent cross-linking following by pelleting the cells.Are the following statements true or false?（1）Amylase, proteases and other inexpensive bulk enzymes are destroyed after the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is completed ( )（2）The advantages of immobilization of the enzymes include the stability of the enzymes and the increase of the enzyme activity ( )（3）By immobilization of the enzymes, it is possible to operate the enzyme reactions continuously ( )（4）In the last paragraph, the word “insoluble support” has the same meaning as the word “carrier”四、英译汉（共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）(1) Controls over the enzymes of different pathways allow cells to direct the flow of nutrients, building materials, waste products, hormones, and so on in suitable ways. When you eat too much sugar, enzymes in your liver cells act on the excess, converting it first to glucose and then to glycogen or fat. When your body uses up glucose and needs more, enzymes break down glycogen to release its glucose subunits. In this case, a hormone called glucagon(胰高血糖素) acts as a control over enzyme activity. It stimulates the key enzyme in the pathway by which glycogen is degraded, and it inhibits the enzyme that catalyzes glycogen formation..(2) For a virus to multiply. It must first infect a cell. At the onset of infection, the virus introduces into the cell its genetic material—RNA or DNA—accompanied in many instances by essential proteins. They replicate inside specific host cells by using the biosynthetic systems of the host under the direction of the viral genomes. Bacterial viruses which infect fermentation process microbial strains have caused serious problems particularly in the cheese starter culture and the glutamic acid fermentation.五、汉译英（共5小题，每小题4分，共20分）1. 很显然，要通过这些途径增加并引导代谢物质流向，在必要时，就必须除去这些限制。
化学专业英语试卷B答案
2013—2014学年度第一学期应用化学专业《专业英语》课程试卷（A）注意事项：1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置；2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题。
一、词汇填空 （写出下列每个词汇对应的英汉单词）（共20小题，每空1分，共20分）1、 分子 （ molecule ）2、 物理性质 （ physical property ）3、 硬度 （ hardness ）4、 电解质 （ electrolyte ）5、 熔点 （ melting point ）6、 沸点 （ boiling point ）7、 离子键 （ ionic bond or electrovalent bond ）8、 晶体 （ crystal ）9、 硅 （ silicon ）10、钾 （ potassium ）11、溶解度 （ solubility ）12、构型 （ configuration ）13、挥发性 ( volitility ）14、正电荷 （ positive charge ）15、phosphorus （ 磷 ）16、alcohol （ 乙醇 ）17、acetone （ 丙酮 ）18、base （ 碱 ）19、acid （ 酸 ）20、ether （ 乙醚 ）二、给下列无机化合物的英语名称（共10小题, 每小题2分，共20分）1、 NaCN Sodium cyanide2、 Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide3、 KMnO 4 Potassium permanganate4、 H 2SO 4 Sulfuric acid5、 ZnSO 4 zinc sulfate or zinc sulphate6、 FeS Iron (II) sulfide or Ferrous sulfide7、 H 3PO 4 phosphoric acid8、 H 2SO 3 Sulfurous acid9、 HClO 4 Perchloric acid10、FeCl 3 iron (III) chloride or ferric chloride二、给下列有机化合物的英语名称（共5小题, 每小题4分，共20分）1. 甲乙醚 ethyl methyl ether2.对甲基苯酚 4-methyl phenol3.苯乙烯 styrene4.CH3CH＝C(CH2CH3) CH2 OH 2-ethyl-2-buten-1-ol5.(CH3)3CCH2CH2OH 4,4-dimethyl-1-butanol or 4,4-dimethyl butanol三、英译汉（共10小题, 每小题4分，共40分）1、Carbon-sodium and carbon-potassium bonds are largely ionic incharacter; carbon-lead, carbon-tin, carbon-thallium and carbon-mercury bonds are essentially covalent.碳-钠键和碳-钾键有较大的离子性，碳-铅键，碳-锡键，碳-铊键和碳-汞键基本上属于共价键。
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化学专业英语试卷B答
案
文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
2013—2014学年度第一学期
应用化学专业《专业英语》课程试卷（A）注意事项：1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置；
2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题。
一、词汇填空（写出下列每个词汇对应的英汉单词）（共20小题，每
空1分，共20分）
1、分子（ molecule ）
2、物理性质（ physical property）
3、硬度（ hardness ）
4、电解质（ electrolyte ）
5、熔点（ melting point ）
6、沸点（ boiling point ）
7、离子键（ ionic bond or electrovalent bond ）
8、晶体（ crystal ）
9、硅（ silicon ）
10、钾（ potassium ）
11、溶解度（ solubility ）
12、构型（ configuration ）
13、挥发性 ( volitility）
14、正电荷（ positive charge ）
15、phosphorus（磷）
16、alcohol （乙醇）
17、acetone （丙酮）
18、base （碱）
19、acid （酸）
20、ether （乙醚）
二、给下列无机化合物的英语名称（共10小题, 每小题2分，共20分）
1、NaCN Sodium cyanide
2、Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide
3、KMnO4 Potassium permanganate
4、H2SO4 Sulfuric acid
5、ZnSO4 zinc sulfate or zinc sulphate
6、FeS Iron (II) sulfide or Ferrous sulfide
7、H3PO4 phosphoric acid
8、H2SO3 Sulfurous acid
9、HClO4 Perchloric acid
10、FeCl3 iron (III) chloride or ferric chloride
二、给下列有机化合物的英语名称（共5小题, 每小题4分，共20分）
1.甲乙醚 ethyl methyl ether
2.对甲基苯酚 4-methyl phenol
3.苯乙烯 styrene
4.CH3CH＝C(CH2CH3) CH2 OH 2-ethyl-2-buten-1-ol
5.(CH3)3CCH2CH2OH 4,4-dimethyl-1-butanol or 4,4-dimethyl butanol
三、英译汉（共10小题, 每小题4分，共40分）
1、Carbon-sodium and carbon-potassium bonds are largely ionic in character;
carbon-lead, carbon-tin, carbon-thallium and carbon-mercury bonds are essentially covalent.
碳-钠键和碳-钾键有较大的离子性，碳-铅键，碳-锡键，碳-铊键和碳-汞键基本上属于共价键。
2、The reactivity of organometallic compounds increases with the percent ionic character of the carbon-metal
bond.
金属有机化合物的反应活性随着碳金属键中离子性所占的百分数的增大而增强。
3、Organometallic compounds of lithium and magnesium are of great importance in organic synthesis.
锂和镁的金属有机化合物在有机合成上有重大的意义。
4、Unlike absorption, in which solute molecules diffuse from the bulk of a gas phase to the bulk of a liquid
phase, in adsorption molecules diffuse from the bulk of the fluid to the surface of the solid adsorbent,
forming a distinct adsorbed phase.
在吸收过程中，溶质分子从气相主体中扩散的液相主体中。
但是在吸附过程中，分子从流体主体中
扩散到固体吸附剂的表面，形成一个独立的吸附相。
5、Equipment for extraction must be capable of providing intimate contact between two phases so as to affect
transfer of solute between them and also of ultimate effecting a complete separation of the phases.
提取的设备必须能够让两相有紧密的接触，使得两相中溶质的转移得以实现。
同时这个设备还要让两相的分离得以实现。
6、Any potential application of adsorption has to be considered along with alternatives, notably distillation,
absorption and liquid extraction.
任何可能的对于吸附的应用必须和其他的分离手段一起考虑来比较优劣，例如蒸馏，吸收和液相萃
取。
7、Leaching refers to the extraction of a soluble constituent from a solid by means of a solvent.
浸提指的是通过使用一种溶剂把一种可溶性组分从固体中分离出来的提取办法。
8、Separation of the compounds of a mixture by distillation takes advantages of the fact that different
substances can differ in the degree to which they can be vaporized under the conditions of the experiment.
通过蒸馏来分离混合物中的组分利用的是这样一个原理：不同的物质在同一个实验条件下气化的程
度有区别。
9、In a mixture of two completely immiscible liquids, each exerts its own vapor pressure independently of the
other.
在一个由两个完全不互溶的液体所形成的混合物中，每一种液体都形成各自独立的蒸气压，相互不影响。
10、On both large and small scale crystallization is the most important method for the purification of solid
organic compounds
无论是在大规模还是小规模上，结晶都是一种非常重要的提纯固体有机物的方法。