化学专业英语试卷(B)

化学专业英语试卷(B)姓名： 班级： 学号： 座号： ………………………………装………………………………订………………………………线………………………………第 2 页 共 9 页商丘师范学院2008——2009学年度第二学期期终考试化学系 化学工程与工艺、化学教育、应用化学专业06级本科（化工升本08-1、化学06-1，化学06-2，化工06-1班）《化学专业英语》试卷题 号一二三四总 分总分人得 分说明：本试卷共7页、四道大题，答卷一律在试卷规定处进行，答在其它处不得分。

一、词汇：（本题分英译汉和汉译英两部分内容，其中英译汉部分包括20个小题，汉译英部分包括10个小题，将正确答案写在每小题后面的横线上，每小题1分，本题满分30分）1. （20分）（英译汉）(1) carbonate__________ (2) monoxide__________ (3) amino acid__________ (4) aromatic__________(5) protein__________ (6) covalent bond_________ (7) raw material__________ (8) chemical shift _________ (9) solute __________ (10) oxygen__________ (11) monatomic__________ (12) polymer__________ (13) pesticide__________ (14) detergent__________ (15) donor__________ (16) nuclear magnetic resonance __________ (17) alkali metal__________ (18) geochemistry__________ (19) electrode__________ (20) alkene__________2.（10分）（汉译英）(21) 无机化学_____________（22）二氧化碳____________ (23) 配体__________ (24) 同分异构体__________ (25) 氯化钠__________ (26) 酸和碱__________ (27) 摘要__________ (28) 离子键__________(29) 甲苯__________ (30) 电子__________二、阅读理解：（本题共3篇短文，15个小题，根据短文内容从各题的A,B,C,D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答案代码填入题后的括号内。

每小题2分，本题满分30分）（一）There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familiar disease. Sincefamilies have similar genes as well as similar environments, familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt (i.e., sodium chloride), has been得 分评卷人得 分评卷人姓名：班级：学号：座号：………………………………装………………………………订………………………………线………………………………studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion, a resistant strain(the "R" Strain)has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities ofsalt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, a sensitive strain ("S" strain) has also been developed.The availability of these tow strains permits investigations not heretofore possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.1. The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out ______ （）A) as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of saltB) to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substanceC) because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressureD) because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives2. The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their ______. （）A) need for sodium 22B) rate of matingC) reaction to saltD) type of blood3. We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to ______ （）A) control high blood pressureB) cure high blood pressure caused by saltC) tell the "S" rats from the "R" ratsD) determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like4. The most beneficial results of the research might be ______ （）A) development of diets free of saltB) an early cure for high blood pressure第 3 页共 9 页姓名：班级：学号：座号：………………………………装………………………………订………………………………线………………………………C) control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressureD) the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims5. Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article? （）A) When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.B) The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.C) The medical field is desperately in need of research.D) A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.(二)Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3000 U.S. adolescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime, it can be expectedthat of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered, 30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killedby a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweighs all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smokingrates among youth have declined. While the decline is impressive, several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second, in the late1970s, smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent. Thestatistic is reversing. Third; several recent studies have indicated high school dropouts have excessivelyhigh smoking rates, as much as 75 percent.Finally, though significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade, nodefinite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began itscurrent effort to determine the most effective measures to reduce smoking levels among youth.6. According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____ （）A) traffic accidentsB) smoking-related diseaseC) murderD) all of these7. Every day there are over_____high school students who will become regular smoker. （）A) 75B) 23C) 30第 4 页共 9 页姓名：班级：学号：座号：………………………………装………………………………订………………………………线………………………………D) 30008. By "dropout" the author means______ （）A) students who failed the examinationB) students who left schoolC) students who lost their wayD) students who were driven out of school9. The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that ________ （）A) NCI has taken effective measuresB) smoking is prevented among high school seniorsC) there are many smokers who have died of cancerD) none of these10. What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________ （）A) smoking rates among youth have declined very littleB) there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsC) high smoking rates are due to the increase in wealthD) smoking at high school are from low socio-economic backgrounds(三)The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their "ticking" .This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example, vibrates or "ticks" 24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years.It will be of great importance in fields such as astrological observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this atomichron is a cesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein's relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18000 miles an hour,the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences第 5 页共 9 页姓名： 班级： 学号： 座号： ………………………………装………………………………订………………………………线………………………………第 6 页 共 9 页predicted.11. Scientists expect that the atomic clocks will be ______（ ）A) more preciseB) absolutely accurateC) more durable D) indestructible12. The heart of the atomichron is _______（ ）A) a cesium atomB) an ammonia moleculeC) a nitrogen atom D) a hydrogen13. From the selection, we may assume that temperature changes_______（ ）A) affect only ammonia moleculesB) may affect the vibration rate of atomsC) affect the speed at which atoms travel D) do not affect atoms in any way 14. Identical atomic clocks may be used to check______（ ）A) the effect of outer space on an atomic clockB) the actual speed of an orbiting satelliteC) the accuracy of predictions based on theories of relativity D) all of Einstein's theories 15. Implied but not stated:_______（ ）A) Precise timekeeping is essential in scienceB) Scientists expect to disprove Einstein's relativity theoriesC) Atomic clocks will be important in space flight D) The rate of vibration of an atom never varies 三、翻译：（本题分英译汉和汉译英两部分内容，每部分10分，本题满分20分）1. (10分) 化学键是一种力或相互作用，它使得原子、离子和分子结合在一起形成更复杂的聚集体。