全部倒装和部分倒装知识点

全部倒装和部分倒装

英语最基本词序“主语部分+谓语部分”通常十分固定。如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，这就叫做倒装。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前，称为完全倒装；如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。

一、全部倒装

1.以here, there,now,then开头的句子,谓语动词要放在句子主语之前。这种句子谓语动词常是不及物动

Here comes the train！ There goes the bell！

注意：如果句子的主语是人称代词，则不能使用倒装结构。Here it comes！ There it goes！

2.有些动词短语以副词out，in，up，down，away结尾，构成不及物动词短语。为了使句子更形象，常将

这些副词提前到句首。句中的谓语动词要放在句子主语的前面，构成全部倒装。（注意，句子主语是

名词。如果是人称代词，不能用倒装结构。）

Up went the rocket. Up it went.

3.为了强调表示地点的介词短语，常将这个介词短语放在句首，构成全部倒装。注意，这时句子的谓语

动词通常是不及物动词。

In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.

4.表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。

Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.

5.so／neither／nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者，其倒装结构为“so ／neither／nor＋助动词／系动词

／情态动词＋主语”（so表示肯定意义，neither／nor表示否定意义）。

She has finished her homework，so has her brother. She hasn’t gone there，neither／nor has he.

但如果so表强调，即强调前面所说的情况的真实性时，其结构是“so＋主语＋助动词／系动词／情态动

词”，主语同前一个句子的主语指的是同一人或物。

She knows little English，so she does.

一. 部分倒装

1.用于疑问句中。 How did you do that﹖ Did you see the film

yesterday﹖

2.用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中。如果我们将连词if省略，应把

were,had，should提到主语前面。

If you had come yesterday， you would have seen him.Had you come yesterday,you would have seen him.

3.用于as引导的让步状语从句中。as引导的让步状语从句引起的倒

装有以下几种形式：

1) 副词置于句首。

Much as I like it (＝Although I like it very much), I will not buy it.

2) 动词原形置于句首。

Wait as you may(＝Although you may wait), he will not see you.

3) 形容词或名词置于句首。

Proud as the nobles are (＝Although the nobles are proud), they are afraid to see me.

Child as he is (＝Although he is a child), he can tell right from wrong.

如果名词前有形容词修饰时，as 引导的倒装句中要保留不定冠词。

A bad-tempered man as he is (＝Although he is a bad-tempered man), he loves me deeply.

4.具有否定意义的副词或连词(not，hardly，no sooner, not until, seldom，not once，at no time，never，little

等) 置于句首时，句子（主句）采用部分倒装。

Little do we know about him. No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.

Seldom does he come back on Sundays. Not until he came back did I know about it.

5.only修饰句子的状语（从句）位于句首时，句子（主句）要用部分倒装。

Only then did I realize the importance of English.

如果only修饰的是句子的其它成分，则无需倒装。

Only socialism can save China.(only修饰的是句子的主语，故仍用正常语序。)

6.not only…but also… 连接两个并列分句时，第一个分句应使用部分倒装。

Not only does he do well in his lessons, but also he often helps others with their lessons.

7.so…that结构中的倒装。有时要强调so所修饰的形容词或副词，常将so 连同它所修饰的形容词或副词一

起提到句首。这时，主句要用倒装结构。

He runs so fast that he is far ahead of others.→So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.

He is so clever that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book. →So clever is he that he can work out all the difficult problems in the book.（全部倒装）

倒装的原因有二：

1)由于一定语法结构的需要，Have you known Mr. Davis long?你认识戴维斯先生很久了吗?

Where have you been?你刚才到哪里去了?

Was the car damaged by a truck?这辆小轿车是让大卡车给撞坏的吗?

2)由于强调

Only then did I fully understand what my father said.只有到那时，我才充分理解我父亲讲的话。

倒装结构的基本用法在下列情况下，通常用倒装句。.

1)在问句中，What does your father do?你父亲干什幺工作? How are you?你身体好吗?

Is he singing of is his brother?是他在唱，还是他弟弟在唱? Was your school setup in 1958?

1) 在“there + be”结构里， There are many tall buildings in Hong Kong.香

港有很多高建筑物。

There is a plane at the airport.飞机场上有一架飞机。

3)在以here(这里)，there(那里)等副词开头的某些句子里(须用现在一

般时)，

There goes our director.我们的主任走了。

There goes then bell.铃响了。Here is a ticket for you.这儿有张票给你。 Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。

如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语动词的词序则不变。

There he comes.他来了。 Here it is.在这儿(或这就是)。

4)虚拟结构中的条件从句省去it时这时were，had和should须移至主语之前。

He would do more work were he in your place.如果他是你的话，他会干更多工作。

Should I earn more money，I should live better.如果我能赚更多的钱，我会生活得好些。