★组织学与胚胎学-重要英文注释★

Chapter1 绪论组织学 histology组织 Tissue器官 organ上皮组织 Epithelial Tissue结缔组织 Connective Tissue肌组织 Muscular Tissue神经组织 Nervous Tissue一般化学显微技术 LM / light microscope石蜡切片法 Paraffin sectioning苏木精 Hematoxylin伊红 Eosin电镜技术 EM / electron microscope透射电镜 transmission election microscope扫描电镜 scanning electron microscope组织化学术 Histochemistry 细胞化学术 Cytochemistry免疫细胞化学术 Immunocytochemistry原位杂交 In Situ Hybridization组织培养技术 Tissue Culture组织工程 Tissue EngineeringChapter2 上皮组织上皮组织 epithelial tissue极性 polarity单层扁平上皮 Simple squamous epithelium内皮 endothelium间皮 mesothelium单层立方上皮 simple cuboidal epithelium单层柱状上皮 simple columnar epithelium假复层纤毛柱状上皮 Pseudostratified siliated columnar epithelium 复层扁平上皮 Stratified squamous epithelium变移上皮 transitional epithelium复层柱状上皮 stratified columnar epithelium腺上皮 glandular epithelium腺 gland导管 duct微绒毛 microvillus纤毛 cilium紧密连接 tight junction中间连接 intermediate junction 粘着小带 zonula adherens桥粒 desmosome 黏着斑 macula adherens缝隙连接 gap junction 通讯连接 communication junction基膜 basement membrane半桥粒 hemidesmosome质膜内褶 plasma membrane infoldingChapter3 结缔组织间充质 mesenchyme疏松结缔组织 loose connective tissue成纤维细胞 fibroblast巨噬细胞 macrophage浆细胞 plasma cell肥大细胞 mast cell脂肪细胞 fat cell未分化的间充质细胞 undifferentiated mesenchymal cell 白细胞 white blood cell纤维fiber胶原纤维 collagenous fiber弹性纤维 elastic fiber网状纤维 reticular fiber基质 ground substance纤维粘连蛋白 fibranectin组织液 tissue fluid致密结缔组织 dense connective tissue脂肪组织 adipose tissue网状组织 reticular tissueChapter4 血液血清 serum红细胞 erythrocyte / red blood cell白细胞 leukocytes / white blood cell / WBC中性粒细胞 neutophilic granulocyte嗜酸性粒细胞 eosinophilic granulocyte / Eosinophils 嗜碱性粒细胞 basophilic graulocyte / basophil血小板 blood plateletChapter5 软骨和骨软骨 cartilage软骨细胞 chondrocyte软骨基质 cartilage matrix软骨囊 cartilage capsule骨组织 osseous tissue骨板 bone lamella骨祖细胞 osteoprogenitor cell成骨细胞 osteoblast骨细胞 osteocyte破骨细胞 osterclast骨外膜 periosteum骨内膜 endosteumChapter6 肌组织肌组织 Muscle tissue肌膜 sarcolemma肌浆 sarcoplasm骨骼肌 skeletal muscle肌原纤维 myofibril肌节 carcomere粗肌丝 thick filament细肌丝 thin filament横小管 transverse tubule肌浆网 sarcoplasmic reticulum纵小管 longitudinal tubule终池 terminal cisternae三联体 triad心肌 cardiac muscle平滑肌 smooth muscleChapter7 神经组织神经细胞 nerve cell神经元 Neuron神经胶质 Neuroglial cell神经胶质细胞 Neuroglial cell神经元 Neuron(nerve cell)尼氏体 nissl body神经原纤维 neurofibril树突 dendrite轴突 axon星形胶质细胞 astrocyte血脑屏障 blood brain barrier神经纤维 nerve fiber有髓神经纤维 myelinated nerve fiber神经末梢 nerve ending运动神经末梢 motor nerve ending突触 synapse化学突触 chemical synapseChapter10 循环系统被膜 capsule皮质 cortex髓质 medulla心内膜 endocardium心肌膜 myocardium心外膜 epicardium起搏细胞 pacemaker cell移行细胞 transitional cell蒲肯野纤维 Purkinji fiber内膜 tunica intima内皮 Endothelium中膜 Tunica Media外膜 Tunica Adventitia外弹性膜 external elastic membrane动脉 Artery中动脉 medium-sized artery小动脉 small artery微动脉 arteriole毛细血管 capillary连续毛细血管 Continuous capillary有孔毛细血管 Fenestrated capillary血窦 sinusoid静脉 VeinChapter11 皮肤角质形成细胞 kerationocyte基底层 stratum basale棘层 stratum spinosum颗粒层 stratum granulosum透明层 stratum lueidum角质层 stratum corneum角质细胞 horny cell黑素细胞 melanocyte真皮 dermis乳头层 papillary layer网织层 reticular layer皮下组织 hypodermis毛 hair皮脂腺 sebaceous gland汗腺 sweat glandChapter12 免疫系统免疫系统 Immune System主要组织相容性复合分子 major histocompatibility complex molecules / MHC 淋巴细胞 lymphocyteT细胞 T lymphocyteB细胞 B lymphocyte抗原提呈细胞 antigen presenting cell树突状细胞 dendritic cell DC淋巴组织 lymphoid tissue弥散淋巴组织 duffuse lymphoid tissue淋巴小结 lymphoid nodule小结帽 cap中枢淋巴器官 central lymphoid organ胸腺 thymus薄层结缔组织被膜 capsule皮质 cortex胸腺细胞 thymocyte髓质 medulla胸腺小体 thymic corpuscle胸腺屏障 blood-thymus barrier淋巴结 lymph node副皮质区 paracortex zone胸腺依赖区 thymus dependent area皮质淋巴窦 cortical sinus髓质 medulla髓索 medullary sinus髓窦 medullary sinus脾 spleen白髓 white pulp动脉周围淋巴鞘 periarteriallymphatic sheath红髓 red pulp脾索 splenic cord脾血窦 splenic sinus扁桃体 tonsilChapter13 内分泌系统内分泌系统 Endocrine system甲状腺thyroid gland滤泡上皮细胞 Follicular epithelial cell甲状腺激素Thyroid hormone克汀病Cretins降钙素calcitonin生长抑素somatostatin甲状旁腺激素parathyroid hormone主细胞Chief cell嗜酸性细胞Oxyphil cell球状带Zona glomerulosa束状带Zona fasciculata网状带Zona reticularis盐皮质激素Mineralocorticoid醛固酮Aldosterone糖皮质激素Glucocorticoid雄激素androgy远侧部Pars distalis生长激素细胞STH somatotroph催乳激素细胞PRL mammotroph促甲状腺激素细胞TSH thyrotroph促性腺激素细胞gonadotroph促肾上腺皮质激素细胞 corticotroph生长激素细胞Somatotroph分泌生长激素Growth hormone催乳激素细胞Mammotroph催乳素Prolaction/PRL中间部Pars intermedia结节部Pars tuberalis黑素细胞刺激素细胞melanotroph垂体细胞pituicyte赫令体 Herring body催产素Oxytocin抗利尿激素 Antidiuretic hormone/ADH激素催产素Oxytocin, OT血管加压素vasopressin, VP抗利尿激素antidiuretic hormone,ADHChapter14 消化管消化管 Digestive Tract粘膜 Tunica mucosa上皮epithelium固有层Lamina propria粘膜肌层Muscularis mucosa粘膜下层submucosa肌层Tunica muscularis外膜adventitia纤维膜fibrosa浆膜serosa食管esophagus胃stomach胃小凹Gastric pit胃底腺 Gastric gland壁细胞 parietal cell主细胞 chief cell颈粘液细胞 neck mucous cell内分泌细胞 endocrine cell未分化细胞 undifferentiated cell泌酸细胞oxyntic cell贲门腺 Cardiac gland幽门腺Pyloric gland小肠small intestine潘氏细胞Paneth cell大肠Large intestine阑尾appendixChapter15 消化腺消化腺 Digestive Gland腺泡 alveolus浆液性腺泡Serous alveolus粘液性腺泡Mucous alveolus混合性腺泡 Mixed alveolus导管duct闰管Intercalated duct纹状管Striated duct舌下腺Sublingual gland胰腺pancreas泡心细胞 centroacinar cell胰岛pancreatic islet肝 Liver肝小叶hepatic lobule肝细胞 hepatocyte肝血窦 Hepatic sinusoid窦周隙Disse 隙胆小管 Bile canaliculus胆囊gall bladderChapter16 呼吸系统呼吸系统 respiratory system纤毛细胞 ciliated cell杯状细胞 goblet cell刷细胞 brush cell小颗粒细胞 small granule cell细支气管 bronchiole终末细支气管 terminal bronchiole克拉拉细胞 Clara cell呼吸性细支气管 respiratory bronchiole肺泡管 alveolar duct肺泡囊 alveolar sac肺泡 pulmonary alreoli肺泡隔 alveolar septum肺巨噬细胞 pulmonary macrophage尘细胞 dust cell肺泡孔 alveolar pore气血屏障 blood-air barrierChapter17 泌尿系统Chapter18 男性生殖系统男性生殖系统 Male reproductive system精原细胞spermatogonium初级精母细胞 primary spermatocyte次级精母细胞 secondary spermatocyte精子细胞 spermatid精子形成 spermiogenesis精子spermatozoon睾丸间质细胞Leydig细胞Chapter19 女性生殖系统女性生殖系统 Female reproductive system卵巢ovary原始卵泡 primordial follicle初级卵泡 primary follicle透明带 zona pellucida放射冠corona radiata卵泡膜 follicular theca透明带zona pellucida次级卵泡 secondary follicle卵丘cumulus oophorus内膜层Theca interna外膜层Theca externa成熟卵泡 mature follicle排卵 ovulation黄体corpus luteum颗粒黄体细胞Theca lutein cell膜黄体细胞Granular lutein cell闭锁卵泡 atretic follicle间质腺Interstitial gland子宫uterus内膜endometrium肌层 myometrium外膜 perimetrium月经周期menstrual cycle月经期menstrual phase增生期proliferative phase分泌期secretory phaseChapter20 胚胎学绪论胚胎学embryology胎儿fetusChapter21 胚胎发生总论受精fertilization精子获能capacitation受精卵zygote卵裂球blastomere胚泡blastocyst植入implantation上胚层epiblast下胚层hypoblast中胚层mesoderm内胚层endoderm外胚层ectoderm绒毛膜chorion羊膜amnion脐带umbilical cord胎盘placenta人绒毛膜促性腺激素HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin孪生twins先天性畸形congenital malformation致畸因子teratogen致畸敏感期susceptible periodChapter22 颜面和四肢的发生唇裂cleft lip腭裂cleft palateChapter23 消化系统和呼吸系统的发生麦克尔憩室Meckels’ diverticulum先天性脐疝congenital umbilical herniaChapter24泌尿系统和生殖系统的发生多囊肾polycystic kidney异位肾ectopic kidney马蹄肾horseshoe kidney肾缺如agenesis of kidney膀胱外翻Extrophy of bladder睾丸决定因子testis-determining factor尿道下裂Hypospadia雄激素不敏感综合征 Androgen insensitivity syndrome泌尿系统 Urinary system。