厦门大学 厦大 2002年英语语言文学基础知识 考研真题及答案解析

厦门大学2002年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题招生专业外国语言学及应用语言学_考试课程_英语语言文学基础知识研究方向外国语言学及应用语言学各方向Part I Basic English(50%)A.Sentence Completion:(30%)Directions:Each of the sentences below has one or more blank spaces indicatingwhere a word(or words)has been omitted.Each sentence is followed byfive words or sets of words lettered from A)to E).Select the letteredword or set of words which,when inserted to replace the blanks,best fitsin with and completes the meaning of the sentence as a whole.Do it onthe Answer Sheet.1.His theories,though criticized by economists of more orthodox bent,have had enormous________on government fiscal policy.A)restraint B)impact C)acceptance D)tension E)reliance2.Unwilling to admit that his program of tax abatement had failed to achieve its goal,the mayorattempted to_________the attention of the electorate from the problem by________the issue with irrelevant statistics.A)capture…complicating B)focus…confutingC)divert…obfuscating D)remove…buttressingE)compelling…falsifying3.The deliberately alienated quality of his paintings is a reflection of the disconnection he sees asexperience by those whose values are derived only from________.A)enterprise B)reading C)experience D)inspiration E)materialism4.Although many people advocate personal sacrifice for the public good,their________oftenends at the point where the call for their personal________begins.A)self-control…resentment B)altruism…involvementC)intention…supplication D)participation…invocationE)contention…dispersal5.Her credentials for the position were________in every respect but one;she could not speak aword of Turkish!A)flawless B)essential C)inconsequentialD)pedestrian E)unacceptable6.Even though he had planned carefully for almost every conceivable________,his ambitiousproject wound up a dismal failure when an________power outage brought all the machinery to a complete standstill.A)day…inevitable B)facet…insufficientC)succession…automatic D)possibility…obsoleteE)eventuality…unanticipated7.His attitude toward social welfare legislation,based entirely on his perception of himself as aself-made man,________him the support of the voters in the state's economically depressed urban areas.A)earned B)cost C)divested D)evoked E)replicated8.Many businesses that manufacture recreational products operate profitably during periods of________,but their inherent dependence upon a________economy becomes apparent when the economic cycle starts downward.A)regression…mature B)inflation…plannedC)prosperity…flourishing D)stability…fluctuatingE)depression…contracting9.Since the author frequently________other scholars,his objection to disputes is not onlyirrelevant,but also________.A)supports…overbearing B)provokes…frighteningC)quotes…curious D)ignores…peevishE)attacks…surprising10.There is perhaps some truth in that waggish old definition of a scholar--a siren that callsattention to a fog without doing anything to________it.A)describe B)cause C)analyze D)dispel E)thicken11.The newborn human infant is not a passive figure,nor an active one,but what might be calledan actively________one,eagerly attentive as it is to sights and sounds.A)adaptive B)selective C)inquisitiveD)receptive E)intuitive12.Opponents of the expansion of the market economy,although in________,continued toconstitute________political force throughout the century.A)error…an inconsequential B)retreat…a powerfulC)disarry…a disciplined D)jeopardy…an ineffectiveE)command…a viable13.Nature's energy efficiency often________human technology:despite the intensity of lightfireflies produce,the amount of heat is negligible;only recently have humans developed chemical light-producing systems whose efficiency________the firefly's system.A)engenders…manipulates B)reflects…simulatesC)outstrips…rivals D)inhibits…matchesE)determines…reproduces14.Scholars'sense of the uniqueness of the central concept of"the state"at the time when politicalscience became an academic field quite naturally led to striving for a correspondingly ________mode of study.A)thorough B)distinctive C)dependable D)scientific E)dynamic15.Just as astrology was for centuries________faith,countering the strength of establishedchurches,so today believing in astrology is an act of________the professional sciences.A)an individual…rebellion by B)an accepted…antagonism towardC)an underground…defiance against D)a heretical…support forE)an unknown…concern about16.Despite the fact that the two council members belonged to different political parties,they________the issue of how to finance the town debt.A)complicated B)avoided C)attested to D)reported on E)agreed on17.The notion that cultural and biological influences________determine cross-cultural diversityis discredited by the fact that,in countless aspects of human existence,it is cultural programming that overwhelmingly accounts for cross-population variance.A)jointly B)completely C)directly D)equally E)eventually18.Because medieval women's public participation in spiritual life was not welcomed by the maleestablishment,a compensating________religious writings,inoffensive to the members of the establishment because of its______,became important for many women.A)involvement with…privacy B)attention to…popularityC)familiarity with…scarcity D)dissatisfaction with…profundityE)resistance to…domesticity19.Dependence on foreign sources of heavy metals,though________,remains________forUntied States foreign policy.A)deepening…a challenge B)diminishing…a problemC)excessive…a dilemma D)debilitating…an embarrassmentE)unavoidable…a precedent20.Although his attempts to appear psychotic were so________as to be almost________,thereis evidence that Ezra Pound was able to avoid standing trial for treason merely by faking symptoms of mental illness.A)spontaneous…amusing B)contrived…believableC)clumsy…ludicrous D)stylized…distressingE)sporadic…premeditated21.The________questions that consistently structure the study of history must be distinguishedfrom merely________questions,which have their day and then pass into oblivion.A)recurrent…practical B)instinctive…factualC)ingrained…discriminating D)philosophical…randomE)recurring…short-lived22.Despite the apparently bewildering complexity of this procedure,the underlying________isquite________.A)simplicity…calculated B)principle…elementaryC)confusion…imaginary D)purpose…effectiveE)theory…modern23.In television programming,a later viewing time often________a more________audienceand,therefore,more challenging subjects and themes.A)requires…critical B)shows…affluentC)implies…mature D)eliminates…realisticE)invites…general24.The cultivation of the emotion of natsukashii,interpretable as"pleasant sorrow,"bringsJapanese to Kyoto in the spring,not to________the cherry blossoms in full bloom but to ________the fading,falling flowers.A)mourn…exclaim over B)honor…protectC)describe…rejoice over D)arrange…preserveE)enjoy…grieve over25.Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations is still worth reading,more to appreciate the current________of Smith's valid contributions to economics than to see those contributions as the ________of present-day economics.A)disregard…outgrowths B)reaffirmation…concernsC)relevance…precursors D)acceptance…byproductsE)importance…vestiges26.At several points in his discussion,Graves,in effect,________evidence when it does notsupport his argument,tailoring it to his needs.A)addresses B)creates C)alters D)suppresses E)substitutes27.Regardless of what________theories of politics may propound,there is nothing that requiresdaily politics to be clear,thorough,and consistent--nothing,that is,that requires reality to conform to theory.A)vague B)assertive C)casual D)vicious E)tidy28.Exposure to sustained noise has been claimed to________blood pressure regulation in humanbeing and,particularly,to increase hypertension,even though some researchers have obtained inconclusive results that________the relationship.A)sharpen…conflate B)increase…diminishC)aggravate…buttress D)disrupt…neutralizeE)impair…obscure29.After a slow sales start early in the year,mobile homes have been gaining favor as________to increasingly expensive conventional housing.A)a reaction B)an addition C)an introductionD)an alternative E)a challenge30.Just as such apparently basic things as rocks,clouds,and clams are,in fact,intricatelystructured entities,so the self,too,is not an"elementary particle,"but is________ construction.A)a complicated B)a convoluted C)a distorted D)an amorphous E)an illusoryB.Cloze:(10%)Directions:Fill in the blanks with a single word each.Do it on the Answer Sheet.The majority of(1)are content to confine their activities to members of the family, colleagues at work or(2).The most popular type of joke is one that leads the victim into a totally(3)course of action,(4)making a long and pointless journey.There are more (5)individuals,however,who pull off spectacular hoaxes on a much larger(6).One of the most famous British(7)was staged in1910by a group of six young people from Cambridge.Their aim was(8)the commander and crew of H.M.S.(Her Majesty's Ship) Dreadnought that they were the(9)of Abyssinia and his entourage.First,they sent a(10), supposedly from the Foreign Office,to the ship's commander.In it they announced that the party would(11)by train early that afternoon and asked him to make the necessary(12)to welcome them.When the party arrived,they were given a marvelous(13),including a red carpet at the station and a pipe band aboard the(14).The Emperor then inspected the warship and its personnel.During the(15),different members played different parts.(16)was a foreign office guide;another an interpreter who had(17)a few words from a Swahili phrase book.Needless to say,the victims were(18)when the hoax was revealed,and some officers even(19)the group leader with physical violence.Parliament was none too pleased, (20)!1. A.clowns B.jokers edians D.clients2. A.superior B.strangers C.fellow students D.new acquaintances3. plicated B.strenuous C.voluntary D.unnecessary4. A.for example B.like C.except D.such as5. A.daring B.timid C.scrupulous D.exacting6. A.side B.period C.scale D.view7. A.plays B.hoaxes C.journeys D.traditions8. A.in convincing B.convinced C.convinces D.to convince9. A.Emperor B.ruler C.Queen D.representatives10. A.phone call B.telegram C.gift D.declaration11. A.arrive B.depart C.take off D.carry12. A.schemes B.amendments C.arrangements D.details13. A.conference B.performance C.appreciation D.reception14. A.plane B.ship C.stage D.train15. A.tour B.recess C.negotiation D.rehearsal16. A.there B.Some C.One D.It17. A.included B.learned C.imitated D.regarded18. A.furious B.delighted C.amused D.reflective19. A.demanded B.appealed C.conducted D.threatened20. A.too B.neither C.either D.thoughC..Error identification and correction(10%)Directions:Directions:In the following passage there are10mistakes ineach underlined sentence.Identify them and correct them in theanswer sheet.What makes societies innovate?Genius and talent seem to know few national borders,(1)and yet some counties clearly do well at invention and innovation than others.Why is this?Some countries nourish a climate that consistently encourages the new,the practical and the useful.The United States shines here.(2)In other cases, circumstances—reduce bursts of invention and enthusiasm of new technology.Japan is the classic example.(3)Innovation—putting new ideas and technologies on practical use--differs from pure discovery and invention.(4)The United States,as the world’s most innovative and technologically advanced society,has hardly monopolized critical discoveries or inventions.(5)Until World War II,the most great science was done in Europe:from Issac Newton’s to Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution.Major breakthrough in technology also often originated in Europe.(6)The radio,for instance,was discovered by an Italian Guglielmo Marconi in1895.Why does the West now dominate invention and innovation?(7)The secret lays in a belief that science and technology matter for national power,economic growth and human well-being.This is a product of the Renaissance that,until recently,didn’t have much place in Asian or African societies.Japan was the first Asian nation to adopt the Western faith.(8)Having(like China)isolated itself,Japan was stunned by arrival of US warships in1853with superior weapons.Rather than remain vulnerable, the Japanese went to the West in search of new technologies and methods.By1950 the Japanese had caught up so well that they humbled the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War.Now the faith is ernments and industries across the world are spending billions on research and development.(9)Any country or company is likely to thrive unless it constantly innovates.(10)Who gets complacent and loses drive and imagination will be left behind.Part II Linguistic and literature(50%)A.Directions:Answer the following linguistic questions in separate blank answer sheetsprovided at your test center.(20%)nguage testing can be classified into these five categories based on different purposes:aptitude test,placement test,diagnostic test,achievement test and proficiency test.Write an essay about the aims of these tests and give examples if you can.(5%)2.Give a brief description of the history of English language.(5%)3.What is the relationship between language and culture?(Examples are needed to support youidea.)(5%)4.What does linguistics mainly cover?(5%)B.Literature and Discourse(30%)Directions:Write down your answers to the questions in this part of the test in separate blank answer sheets provided at your test center.a)Answer THREE of the following questions.Each of your answer should be at least in80words.(7%each)1.How do you think of Shakespeare’s position in the history of Englishliterature?2.How do you think of Hemingway’s world and his attitude towards life?3.Why Marx praised the English critical realists of the19th century as“thepresent brilliant school of novelists in England”?4.How do you think of the creative features and social significance of JosephConrad’s novels?5.What do you know about text,context and discourse?b)Briefly explain THREE of the following literary terms.(3%each)1.stream of consciousness2.point of view3.narrator4.modernism5.black humorAnswer SheetName:_____________Registration No.______________Score:___________ Part I Basic English(50%)A.Sentence Completion(30%)1.[A][B][C][D][E]16.[A][B][C][D][E]2.[A][B][C][D][E]17.[A][B][C][D][E]3.[A][B][C][D][E]18.[A][B][C][D][E]4.[A][B][C][D][E]19.[A][B][C][D][E]5.[A][B][C][D][E]20.[A][B][C][D][E]6.[A][B][C][D][E]21.[A][B][C][D][E]7.[A][B][C][D][E]22.[A][B][C][D][E]8.[A][B][C][D][E]23.[A][B][C][D][E]9.[A][B][C][D][E]24.[A][B][C][D][E]10.[A][B][C][D][E]25.[A][B][C][D][E]11.[A][B][C][D][E]26.[A][B][C][D][E]12.[A][B][C][D][E]27.[A][B][C][D][E]13.[A][B][C][D][E]28.[A][B][C][D][E]14.[A][B][C][D][E]29.[A][B][C][D][E]15.[A][B][C][D][E]30.[A][B][C][D][E]B.Cloze:(10%)1.[A][B][C][D][E]11.[A][B][C][D][E]2.[A][B][C][D][E]12.[A][B][C][D][E]3.[A][B][C][D][E]13.[A][B][C][D][E]4.[A][B][C][D][E]14.[A][B][C][D][E]5.[A][B][C][D][E]15[A][B][C][D][E]6.[A][B][C][D][E]16.[A][B][C][D][E]7.[A][B][C][D][E]17.[A][B][C][D][E]8.[A][B][C][D][E]18.[A][B][C][D][E]9.[A][B][C][D][E]19.[A][B][C][D][E]10.[A][B][C][D][E]20.[A][B][C][D][E]C..Error identification and correction(10%)1______________6______________2______________7______________3______________8______________4______________9______________5______________10______________。