中考单选题-名词(有答案)
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学科教师辅导教案
学员编号:年级:课时数:学员姓名:辅导科目:学科教师:课程主题:初三中考单项选择题——名词授课时间:
学习目标掌握可数名词和不可数名词的用法和名词所有格的构成及用法
教学内容
一、学习目标
知识目标:
1.掌握可数名词和不可数名词的用法;
2.掌握名词所有格的构成及用法;
3.掌握近义名词的辨析。
4. 掌握名词的句法功能
1.(2017年广东中考真题)Daniel has tried to loseby eating less recently,but two kilos has been put on instead.
A.weight
B.weights
C.height
D.heights
2.(2016年广东中考真题)The broken ______may cut into your hand if you touch it, you should be careful.
A. glass
B. glasses
C. candle
D. candles
3.(2015年广东中考真题) Mickey mouse is one of the most famous ______ in American ______.
A. symbol culture
B. symbol cultures
C. symbols culture
D. symbols cultures
4.(2014年广东中考真题)Katherine was excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on _____ Day.
A. Woman
B. Women
C. Woman's
D. Women's
5.(2013年广东中考真题)—Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat ____ these days. Is it true?
—Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.
A. chicken
B. chickens
C. a chicken
D. the chicken
6.(2012年广东中考真题)The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many _____there.
A. bird B . duck C. sheep D. rabbit
7.(2011年广东中考真题)—I hear you run for half an hour every day.
—Right, we have to. It is one of the ______ in our school.
A. rules
B. plans
C. hobbies
D. choices
8.(2010年广东中考真题)Look! The kites in the sky are in different ___ . Some are big and some are small.
A .size
B .sizes
C .color
D .colors
答案:AACDACAB
【知识梳理】
考点一 名词定义分类及复数变化规则
[知识要点]
名词定义及的分类
名词的定义:名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。
名词分为⎩⎨⎧ 可数名词⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 个体名词:chair ,book 集体名词:people ,family 不可数名词⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 物质名词:rain ,ice ,sunshine 抽象名词:love ,knowledge
名词的单复数形式:
1>规则变化:
构成方法
例子 在词尾加s
girl -girls pen-pens , 以s, x, ch, sh 结尾的加es
bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish- dishes 以f 或fe 结尾的,变f 或fe 为v,再加
es wife-wives ,half-haves, shelf-shelves, thief-thieves
某些以f结尾的词,直接加s roof-roofs屋顶,belief- believes信念
以辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i,再
加es
city-cities, country-countries, family- families, party-parties 以元音字母加y结尾的,直接加s boy-boys, day-days
以o结尾的四个词(两人,两菜)加es,其余的都加s potato- potatoes, tomato- tomatoes,
hero-heroes, negro-negroes (zoo, photo, radio加s)
2>不规则变化:
构成方法例子
形式不变,即单复数相同sheep, deer; Chinese, Japanese, Frenchman – Frenchmen, Englishman –Englishmen (中日不变,英法变,其余后加s变复数。)
变内部元音字母f oo t,t oo th, g oo se, m a n, m ous e-m ic e(老鼠变复数,ous变ic)
词尾加ren或en child-children , ox - oxen
3>.复合名词的复数形式有两种
(1) 将主体词变为复数,如:
sister-in-law → sisters-in-law (嫂子) boy classmate → boy classmates
(2) 将复合词中两个词都变为复数,此种复合词中第一个词须是man或woman,如:
man worker → men workers woman teacher → women teachers
4>.特殊情况
(1) 有些名词只有复数形式,如:
clothes,shorts,pants,scissors(剪刀),goods (商品,货物),glasses(眼镜)
(2) 有些名词以s结尾,但不是复数形式,如:news,maths,physics,politics
(3) 有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义,如:
room(空间)—a room(房间) work(工作)—works(著作)
(4) 不可数名词的数量表达
①不可数名词本身不可数,但可借助单位量词cup, bag, glass, bottle, piece等表示一定的数量,如:a piece of
bread/news/paper一片面包/一条新闻/一张纸
a cup of tea/coffee一杯茶/一杯咖啡, two cups of tea 两杯茶
②还可用much,little,a little,a large amount of,some,any,no,lots of,plenty of等来修饰不可数名词,如:much
money,some milk
(5) 数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式,如:He is a four -year - old boy.
他是个4岁的男孩。
(four - year -old不能说成four - years - old)
a five - foot - deep hole一个五英尺深的洞
[举一反三]
1.---Are there any ________ on the farm?
---Yes, there are some.
A. horse
B. duck
C. chicken
D. sheep
答案:D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断,主语应该是复数名词。只有sheep可用作复数名词。
2.---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange?
---Orange, please.
A. hamburger
B. chip
C. tea
答案:C。该题考查的是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea能喝。