常用词根词缀

......常用词性后缀

名词后缀

-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor

-acy, 表示/性质，状态，境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy

-ance, -ence表示/性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度/ importance, diligence, difference, obedience

-ancy, -ency, 表示/性质，状态，行为，过程/ frequency, urgency, efficiency

-dom, 表示/等级，领域，状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom

-hood, 表示/资格，身份，年纪，状态/ childhood, manhood, falsehood

-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示/行为的过程，结果，状况/ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction

-ism, 表示/制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism

-ity, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity

-ment, 表示/行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument

-ness, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness

-ship, 表示/情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业/ hardship, membership, friendship -th, 表示/动作，性质，过程，状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth

-tude, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)

-ure, 表示/行为，结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)

“学术”

-grapy, 表示/……学，写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography

-ic, ics, 表示/……学……法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics

-ology, 表示/……学……论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)

-nomy, 表示/……学……术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)

形容词后缀

“属性，倾向，相关”

-able, -ible, visible, flexible

-ent,-ant violent

-al

-ar

-ary

-ac,ical

-ing

N-ish foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)

-ive active, sensitive, productive

-ory

“想像，类似”

-ish

-ly

-like

-ly manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

-some

-y

“充分”

-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various

-ent, violent

“方向”

-ern, eastern.western

-ward, downward

“倍数”

-ble,double, treble

-ple, triple

-fold, twofold, tenfold

-most, foremost, topmost

-less, 表示否定countless, stainless, wireless

--ior interior

动词后缀

-ize, ise, 表示/做成，变成，……化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize -en, 表示/使成为，引起，使有/ quicken, weaken, soften, harden

-fy, 表示/使……化，使成/ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify

-ish, 表示/使，令/ finish, abolish, diminish, establish

-ate(-adj), 表示/成为……，处理，作用/ separate, operate, indicate

副词后缀

(adj)-ly：bad→badly坏地,恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地

-wise(OE)：clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地); like→likewise同样地

-wards/ward：out→outwards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地inward 内心的

纯否定no- non- in- /im /il /ir dis- un- neg-

错误，坏等否定mal- miss-

相反，对立anti-/ant contra-/contro-/counter ob-/ab-

共同，相等co-/con-/com-/col/cor- sy-/syn-/syl-/sym- equa-/equi-

方向，到达ad ac ab af ag al ap ar as at

附近，周围by- para-

小Mini- , micro ., -ette(cigarette, cassette) -et ,(wallet, ballet, pocke,ticket)

大Macro, magn- mega- grand- maj-/ max-/ may-

以前，前面Ante- /anti- (anticipant, antique, antecedents, ancient ,)fore- for- pro- pre- 之后，后面After- ex- back- post-

超过，上Super/sup- over- up extra-

下Sub- under- vice- down-

外面Out- ex-/ec-/ ef/ es-

内Interr- in- /il-/ im- /ir-