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射线检测工艺规程(另加附录)

射线检测工艺规程1．主题内容与适用范围：本规程规定了锅炉钢溶化焊对接接头(以下简称焊缝)射线检测人员要求、器材、照相检测工艺及焊缝的质量评定内容。

本规程依据GB3323-87《钢溶化焊对接接头射线照相和质量分级》要求编写，适用于锅炉部件2-50mm范围对接焊缝的工业X 射线检测，满足《蒸汽锅炉安全技术监督规程》的要求。

本公司系锅炉部件制造单位，射线检测对象主要是锅炉承压部件壁厚≥2mm钢管对接焊缝。

根据《蒸汽锅炉安全技术监察规程》焊缝射线照相的质量要求为AB级。

作为本规程的补充，还应根据工件要求及焊缝部位编制具体参数的射线检测工艺卡，工艺卡由Ⅱ级以上人员进行编制。

2．规范性引用文件和标准GB3323-87 《钢溶化焊对接接头射线照相和质量分级》国质检锅[2003]248号《特种设备无损检测人员考核与监督管理规则》GB4792-1984 《放射卫生防护基本标准》GB8703-1988 《幅射防护规定》GB11533-1989 《标准对数视力表》GB11924-1989 《幅射安全培训规定》GB16357-1996 《工业X射线探伤放射卫生防护标准》JB/T7902-1995 《线型像质计》HB7684-2000 《射线照相用线型像质计》DL/T821-2002 《钢制承压管道对接焊接接头射线检验技术规程》GB/T12605- 《钢管环缝溶化焊对接接头射线透照工艺和质量分级》3．检测人员检测人员必须经过技术培训，按《特种设备无损检测人员考核与监督管理规则》考核取得与其工作适应的资格证书。

检测人员的健康状况应符合GB8703的有关规定，上岗前应按GB11924的规定进行幅射安全知识的培训。

检测人员的校正视力不得低于(小数记录值为，评片人员还应辩出400mm距离处高为、间隔为的一行印刷字母，其视力每年至少检查一次。

视力测试方法应符合GB11533的规定。

4．安全防护放射卫生防护应符合GB4792、GB16357的有关规定。

01射线检测通用工艺规程_NB_T47013(2019)

1适用范围1.1本工艺规程适用于承压设备金属熔化焊对接接头的x射线和γ射线检测技术和质量分级要求。

1.2本部分适用的金属熔化焊焊接接头的金属包括钢、铜及铜合金、铝及铝合金、钛及钛合金、镍及镍合金。

焊接接头的型式包括板及管的对接接头对接焊缝（以下简称“对接焊缝”)、插入式和安放式接管角接接头对接焊缝(以下简称“管座角焊缝”）。

1.3承压设备其它金属材料、支承件和结构件的焊接接头的射线检测也可参照使用。

1.4本工艺规程规定射线检测技术等级分为三级：A级—低灵敏度技术；AB级—中灵敏度技术；B级—高灵敏度技术。

1.5如采用本工艺规程未引用的检测标准,应遵照原标准要求进行检测。

2编制依据NB/T 47013.1 承压设备无损检测第1部分：通用要求NB/T 47013.2 承压设备无损检测第2部分：射线检测3一般要求3.1射线检测人员3.1.1检测人员必须经过培训，按照国家特种设备无损检测人员考核的相关规定取得相应的无损检测资格。

3.1.2无损检测人员资格分为Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级。

3.1.3不同资格的无损检测人员，只能从事与该资格相应的无损检测工作。

3.1.4从事射线检测的人员在上岗前应进行辐射安全知识的培训，并按照有关法律、法规、标准的要求取得相应证书。

3.1.5射线检测人员的视力不应低于5.0，测试方法按GB 11533规定进行。

从事评片的人员每年检查一次视力。

3.2检测设备和器材3.2.1X 射线机、γ射线机（Ir192或Se75）、X射线管道爬行器、γ射线管道爬行器（Ir192或Se75），应视检测工程的具体情况选用适合的射源种类、仪器型号。

3.2.2观片灯3.2.2.1.观片灯的主要性能应符合GB／T19802的有关规定。

3.2.2.2.为评定黑度为4.5的射线底片，观片灯的最大亮度不得低于316228Lx。

3.2.3黑度计3.2.3.1.黑度计可测量的最大黑度值应不小于4.5，测量值的误差应不超过0.05。

射线检测通用工艺规程

射线检测通用工艺规程1主题内容与适应范围1.1 本规程规定了熔化焊对接接头的X射线和γ射线检测的一般方法和要求。

1.2 本规程适用于本公司对接焊接接头的射线检测。

2总则射线检测除符合本规程的规定外，还应遵守国家颁布的有关法令、法规、标准、本公司其它相应规程和图样及专用工艺文件的要求。

3一般要求3.1检测人员要求从事射线检测的人员必须按照《特种设备无损检测人员考核与监督管理规则》的要求取得相应无损检测资格，各级检测人员只能从事与其等级相应的无损检测工作。

3.1.1未持证的实习人员只能在持证人员的指导下，从事检测的辅助工作。

3.1.2 I级人员在II、III级人员的指导下或按照工艺要求进行检测操作，记录检测数据并整理检测资料。

3.1.3 II，III级人员负责编写专用工艺，指导并参与实际操作，评定检测结果，签发检测报告。

3.2射线防护射线检测应尽可能安排在曝光室内进行，由于设备结构及其他原因需要现场拍片时，应按有关规定划定控制区和管理区、设置警告标志，检测作业人员应备有相关的报警器或剂量仪，以测定工作环境的射线剂量。

3.3设备与器材检测人员应按下列条件或探伤专用工艺的要求选用设备与器材。

3.3.1射线源及射线能量的选择根据工件厚度及现有设备条件选用适当的透照设备(RF200、RF250、RF300、XXH300、GHC300、γ射线机)，射线能量的选择参照JB4730.2图1“不同透照厚度允许的X射线最高管电压”及表4“γ射线源和能量1MeV以上X射线设备的透照厚度范围”的要求和相应曝光曲线进行。

3.3.2 胶片探伤用胶片应采用中粒或细粒胶片，如无特殊说明推荐使用天III或天Ⅴ胶片(胶片规格为300×80mm、300×100mm、150×80mm、180×80mm)3.3.3 增感屏钢制压力容器焊缝及钢制压力管道对接焊缝检测必需采用金属增感屏，根据公司目前压力容器及钢制压力管道生产情况，推荐使用铅箔增感屏，增感屏规格为前屏厚0.03mm，后屏厚0.1mm。

特种设备射线检测通用工艺规程讲解

1、范围本规程规定了承压设备金属熔化焊对接接头的X射线检测技术和质量分级要求。

本规程适用于承压设备受压元件的制造检测中对接焊缝、管座角焊缝和管子管板角焊缝的射线检测。

用于制作焊接接头的金属材料包括碳素钢、低合金钢、不锈钢。

本规程规定的射线检测技术分为三级：A级一一低灵敏度技术；AB级一- 中灵敏度技术；B级一一高灵敏度技术。

承压设备的有关支承件和结构件的对接焊接接头的射线检测，也可参照使用2、规范性引用文件下列文件中的条款，通过在本规程中的引用而成为本规程的条款。

凡是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单（不包括勘误的内容）或修订版不适用于本规程。

凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本规程。

NB/T47013-2015承压设备无损检测GB11533-2011标准对数视力表GBZ117-2015工业X射线探伤放射卫生防护标准GB18871-2002电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准GB11924-1989辐射安全培训规定GB/T12604.2-2005无损检测术语射线检测HB7684-2000射线照相用线型象质计JB/T7902-2006线型象质计JB/T7903-1999工业射线照相底片观片灯3、一般要求射线照相检验的一般要求除应符合NB/T47013.1-2015的有关规定外，还应符合下列规定。

3.1 射线检测人员3.1.1从事射线检测人员上岗前应进行按GB11924的规定进行辐射安全知识的培训，并取得放射工作人员证。

3.1.2射线检测人员未经矫正或经矫正的近（距）视力和远（距）视力应不低于5.0 （小数记录值为1.0），测试方法应符合GB11533的规定。

从事评片的人员应每年检查一次视力。

3.2 射线胶片3.2.1射线胶片系统分为6类，即C1、C2、C3、C4、C5、C6类。

C1为最高类别，C6为最低类别。

胶片系统的特性指标和常见牌号胶片所属的胶片系统类别见附录A （资料性附录）。

3.2.2 A级和AB级射线检测技术应采用C5类或更高类别的胶片，B级射线检测技术应采用C4类或更高类别的胶片。

01焊缝射线检测通用工艺规程

压力容器射线检测通用工艺规程1、总则1.1、本规程规定了钢制压力容器主要受压元件的熔化焊对接接头的χ射线检测技术和质量分级要求。

1.2、本规程适用于本企业的钢制压力容器制造过程中所有A、.B类焊缝的射线照相检测。

本规程规定的射线检测技术分为三级：A级—低灵敏度技术；AB级—中灵敏度术；B级—高灵敏度技术。

1.3、本规程不适用于钢制压力容器制造、安装过程中C、D类焊缝的射线照相。

2、引用标准GB11533 标准对数视力表GBZ117 工业χ射线探伤放射卫生防护标准GB18871 电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准GB/T19348.1 无损检测工业射线照相胶片第1部分: 工业射线胶片系统的分类GB/T19348.2 无损检测工业射线照相胶片第2部分:用参考值方法控制胶片处理GB/T19802 无损检测工业射线照相底片观片灯最低要求JB/T7902射线照相用线型象质计NB/T47013.1 承压设备无损检测第1部分: 通用要求NB/T47013.2 承压设备无损检测第2部分: 射线检测3、一般要求3.1、射线检测人员3.1.1、从事射线检测的人员必须符合NB/T47013.1-2015的有关要求3.1.2、从事射线检测的人员上岗前应进行辐射安全知识的培训，并取得放射工作人员证。

3.1.3、从事评片的人员未经矫正或经矫正的近距视力和远距视力应不低于5.0(小数记录值为1.0)，测试方法应符合GB11533的规定，应每年检查一次。

3.2、射线胶片3.2.1、A级和AB级射线检测技术应采用C5类或更高类的胶片，B级射线检测技术应采用C4类或更高类的胶片3.3、观片灯3.3.1、观片灯的主要性能应符合JB/T19802的有关规定，最大亮度应能满足评片的要求。

3.4、黑度计3.4.1、黑度计可测的最大黑度应不小于4.5，测量值的误差应不超过±0.05。

3.4.2、黑度计首次使用前应进行核查，以后至少每6个月进行一次核查。

射线检测工艺规程

射线检测工艺规程1.1 适用范围1.1.1 本规程适用锅炉压力容器和压力管道熔化焊对接接头的射线检测。

1.1.2 锅炉、压力容器和压力管道的制造与现场组焊。

1.1.3 焊接工艺评定及焊工考试的试件，产品焊接试板或工艺纪律检查试板的焊缝。

1.2 焊缝表面要求1.1.1 射线检测前，焊缝及热影响区（包括焊缝余高）的表面质量应经外观检查合格。

表面的不规则状态在底片上的图像应不掩盖焊缝中的缺陷或与之相混淆，否则表面应经修整合格后方可进行检测。

1.1.2 具有延迟裂纹倾向材质的焊缝，射线检测应在焊后24小时后方可进行。

1.3 探伤设备1.3.1 射线机、观片灯、黑度计等射线检测设备应经调试合格并符合有关标准规定。

1.3.2 使用射线检测设备，必须严格按其操作规程进行操作。

1.4 胶片与增感屏1.4.1 胶片：工业X胶片按工程（产品）设计或施工及验收规范、标准所要求的无损检测标准的规定选用。

胶片必须在有效期内使用。

胶片应存放在阴凉干燥的地方避免潮湿、高温和爆晒，并远离射线源。

1.4.2 增感屏：按工程（产品）设计或施工及验收规范、标准所要求的无损检测标准的规定选用，可优先选用金属增感屏，应保持增感屏的表面平整。

不准有油脂、污物、斑痕及机械损伤。

1.5 线型象质计选择、放置1.5.1 线型象质计：按工程（产品）设计或施工及验收规范、标准所要求的无损检测标准有关规定选用相应系列的象质计，线型象质计的型号和规格应符合GB5618-85的规定。

1.5.2 线型象质计应放在射线源一侧的工件表面上，被检焊缝区的一端（被检区长度的1/4部位），中间一根钢丝的影像应位于底片两端1/4部位，且细丝朝外。

当射线源一侧无法放置象质计时，也可以放在胶片一侧工件表面上，但象质计应提高一级或通过对比试验，使象质指数达到规定的要求。

当象质计放在胶片一侧表面上时，应附加“F”标记以示区别。

1.5.3 采用射线源置于园心位置的周向曝光时，象质计应在内壁每隔90°放置一个。

射线检测工艺规程

1.适用范围本规程适用于厚度2~80mm的钢、镍及镍合金材料制承压设备、承压设备管子及压力管道环向金属熔化焊焊接接头射线透照检测和缺陷等级评定。

焊接接头的型式包括板及管的对接接头对接焊缝、插入式和安放式接管角接接头对接焊缝。

承压设备支承件和结构件的焊接接头的射线检测也可参照适用。

本规程规定了射线探伤基本的技术要求和通用的工艺守则，每种型式的产品射线探伤，必须另行编制工艺卡，以具体指导探伤操作，工艺卡的内容必须符合本规程的要求。

2. 引用标准、法规本规程以现行的有关标准和规范为依据。

NB/T47013-2015《承压设备无损检测》GB3323-2005 《钢熔化焊对接接头射线照相和质量分级》TSG G0001-2012《锅炉安全技术监察规程》GB16357-1996 《工业X射线探伤放射卫生防护标准》TSG Z8001-2013《特种设备无损检测人员考核细则》GB18465-2001 《工业γ射线探伤放射卫生防护标准》GB/T16507-2013 《水管锅炉》GB/T16508-2013 《锅壳锅炉》TSG D0001-2009 《压力管道安全技术监察规程工业管道》TSG 21-2016《固定式压力容器安全技术监察规程》TSG D0001-2009 《压力管道安全技术监察规程》GB11533 标准对数视力表3．术语和定义3.1透照厚度 W射线照射方向上材料的公称厚度。

多层透照时，透照厚度为通过的各层材料公称厚度之和。

3.2工件至胶片距离b沿射线束中心测定的工件受检部位射线源侧表面与胶片之间的距离。

3.3射线源至工件距离 f沿射线束中心测定的射线源与工件受检部位近源侧表面之间的距离。

3.4焦距 F沿射线束中心测定的射线源与胶片之间的距离。

3.5射线源尺寸 d射线源的有效焦点尺寸3.6圆形缺陷长宽比不大于 3 的气孔、夹渣和夹钨等缺陷。

3.7条形缺陷长宽比大于 3 的气孔、夹渣和夹钨等缺陷。

3.8透照厚度比 K一次透照长度范围内射线束穿过母材的最大厚度和最小厚度之比。

承压设备管子和压力管道对接焊接接头射线检测通用工艺规程

1 范围本标准适用于壁厚T≥2mm的碳素钢、低合金钢、奥氏体不锈钢、镍及镍合金、铜及铜合金制承压设备管子及压力管道的熔化焊环向对接焊接接头射线检测。

2 引用标准JB4730—2005 承压设备熔化焊对接焊接接头射线检测质量分级GBZ117—2006 工业X射线探伤放射卫生防护标准3 人员资格3.1 从事射线检测的人员上岗前应进行辐射安全知识的培训和考核。

3.2 射线检测人员必须按照《特种设备无损检测人员考核与监督管理规则》的要求，参加培训并经考核合格取得相关资格后，方可从事检测工作，签发报告者必须持有射线检测Ⅱ级及以上资格证书。

3.3 射线检测人员未经矫正或经矫正的近(距)视力和远(距)视力应不低于5.0(小数记录值为1.0)，从事评片的人员应每年检查一次视力。

4 仪器、工具和材料4.1 X射线机见表1表1 X射线机型号4.2 胶片系统：胶片系统按GB/T1938.1—2003分为四类，即T1、T2、T3、T4类。

T1为最高类别，T4为最低类别。

AB级射线检测技术应采用T3类或更高类别的胶片。

胶片的本底灰雾度不大于0.3。

4.4 观片灯：观片灯的主要性能应符合JG/T7903的规定。

4.5 黑度计：黑度计性能要求应符合JB/T4730.2—2005标准中3.4.1和3.4.2的要求。

4.6 增感屏：增感屏的选择按JB/T4730.2—2005标准中3.5的要求选用。

4.7 像质计：选用通用线型像质计或专用等径金属丝像质计。

4.7.1 像质计的材料选用按JB/T4730.2—2005标准中3.6.2要求选用。

5 一般要求5.1 表面要求和射线检测时机对接焊接接头的表面应外观检测合格后方可进行射线检测，对有延迟裂纹倾向的材料，至少在焊接完成24小时后进行射线检测。

5.2 射线检测技术等级选择应符合制造及设计图样规定，我厂一般采用AB级射线检测技术进行检测。

对重要设备和特殊焊接工艺制作的对接焊接接头，可采用B级技术进行检测。

对接焊缝射线检测工艺规程NDT

CONTROLLED □Array UNCONTROLLED □COPY NO.:RT EXAMINATION PROCEDURE1 General1.1 This procedure is applied to the x-ray radiographic examination of butt welds for pressure vessels constructed in accordance with ASME Code Section ⅧDiv1, 2010 ED. and 2011 AD.1.2 This procedure shall be supplemented, when necessary, with the examination instructions defining more specific variables, which will be prepared by NDE Level Ⅲpersonnel.2 Qualification of Examination Personnel2.1 Any person engaged in radiographic examination shall be qualified and certified as a radiographic examiner in accordance with BAOSE’s “Written Practice for NDE Personnel Training, Qualification and Certification”(QC ND-011).2.2 The NDE LevelⅠshall receive the necessary instruction or supervision from a certified NDE LevelⅡor LevelⅢExaminer. The NDE LevelⅡshall receive the instruction or supervision from a NDE Level ⅢExaminer.2.3 According to the respective responsibility range, all examiners shall complete the examination conforming to the referencing ASME Code Sections, standards and written instructions. They shall assure the working quality.3 Equipment, Tools and MaterialsThe LevelⅡExaminer shall select the equipment, tools and materials to assure that they are in compliance with the following conditions and the requirement of the examination instruction.3.1 One of the x-ray equipment shall be selected from Table 1.3.2 FilmAGFA TESTIX C7 film shall be used in our Company. Depending on the x-ray penetration thickness, other suitable industrial radiographic film shall be selected. When using two films method, two different types of film shall be selected.3.3 Intensifying ScreenA suitable lead screen shall be selected from Table 2.3.4 Densitometer and Step Wedge FilmThe digital densitometer listed in Table 3 shall be used for judging radiograph density. The densitometer shall be checked against a calibrated step wedge film at least every 90 days by theNDE Level Ⅱor Ⅲ Examiner, in accordance with T-262 of Section Ⅴ. The step wedge calibration film shall have been verified within the last year by the National Calibrating Measuring Center, with a national standard unless, prior to first use, it was maintained in a light-tight and waterproof sealed package as supplied by the manufacturer. Step wedge calibration film may be used without verification for one year upon opening, provided it is within the manufacturer ’s stated shelf life.3.5 Image Quality Indication(IQI) 3.5.1 Type and material of IQIs3.5.1.1 The wire type IQI presented as Fig. 1 and T ab.4 shall be used. The wire type IQI shall be manufactured and identified in accordance with the requirements in SE-747.3.5.1.2 The wires shall be fabricated from material or alloy with same or less radiation absorption than the material being radiographed.Fig 1MATERIAL GROUP NUMBER LARGEST WIRE NUMBER3.5.2 IQI Selection3.5.2.1 The designated essential minimum wire diameter shall be as specified in Table53.5.2.2 For welds with reinforcements, the thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness plus the estimated weld reinforcement not to exceed the maximum permitted by the Section ⅧDivision 1. For welds without reinforcements, the thickness on which the IQI is based is the nominal single wall thickness. In both cases backing rings or strips shall not be considered as part of the weld thickness in IQI selection.3.5.3 Placement of IQIs3.5.3.1 The IQI(s) shall be placed on the source side of the part being examined. When configuration or size prevents placing the IQI(s) on the part or weld, the IQI(s) may be placed on a separate block in compliance with para. T-277.1 of Section V. The separate block shall be placed as close as possible to the part being radiographed.3.5.3.2 Where inaccessibility prevents hand placing the IQI(s) on the source side, the IQI(s) shall be placed on the film side in contact with the part being examined. A lead letter “F” shall be placedadjacent to or on the IQI(s).3.5.3.3 The IQI(s) shall be placed on the weld so that the length of the wires is perpendicular to the length of the weld. The identification number(s) and, when used, the lead letter “F” shall not be in the area of interest, except when geometric configuration makes it impractical.3.5.4 Number of IQIs3.5.4.1 When one or more film holders are used for an exposure, at least one IQI image shall appear on each radiograph.3.5.4.2 If the density of the radiograph anywhere through the area of interest varies by more than minus 15% or plus 30% from the density adjacent to the designated wire of a wire IQI, within the minimum/maximum allowable density ranges specified, then an additional IQI shall be used for each exceptional area or areas and the radiograph retaken.3.5.4.3 For cylindrical components or spherical components where the source is placed at the center of the component for a single exposure, at least three IQIs, spaced approximately 120deg. apart, are required.3.5.5 IQI SensitivityRadiography shall be performed with a technique of sufficient sensitivity to display the essential wire of a wire IQI, which is essential indication of the image quality of the radiograph. The radiographs shall also display the identifying numbers and letters. If the essential wire do not show on any film in a multiple film technique, but do show in composite film viewing, interpretation shall be permitted only by composite film viewing.3.6 “B” MarkA lead symbol “B”, with minimum dimensions of 13mm in height and 1.6mm in thickness, shall be attached to the back of each film holder during each exposure to determine if backscatter radiation is exposing the film.3.7 Location MarkersThe image of the location markers for the coordination of the part with the film shall appear on the film without interfering with the interpretation, with such an arrangement that is evidence that complete coverage was obtained. Location markers shall be placed on the part, not on the exposure holder/cassette.3.7.1 Single-Wall Viewing(a) Source Side MarkersLocation markers shall be placed on the source side when radiographing the following:(1) Flat components or longitudinal joints in cylindrical or conical components will be accordingto Fig. 2.(2) Curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the “source -to-material” distance is less than the i nside radius of the component;(3) Curved or spherical components whose convex side is toward the source. (b) Film Side Markers(1) Location markers shall be placed on the film side when radiographing either curved orspherical components whose concave side is toward the source and when the “source -to-material” distance is greater than the inside radius.D: Source to material distance t ：thickness of workpieceFig 2(2) As an alternative to source side placement in 3.7.1(a), location markers may be placed on the film side when the radiograhp shows coverage beyond the location markers to the extent demonstrated by Fig.3, i.e. : L eff =（X+M f +X ）.(c) Either Side MarkersLocation markers may beplaced on either the source side or film side when radiographing either curved or spherical components whose concave side is toward the source and the “source -to-material” distance equals the inside radius of the component.adjacent to the weld (or on the material in the area of interest) for each radiograph.3.8 A system shall be used to produce permanent identification on the radiograph traceable to the contract, component, weld seam, or part numbers，as appropriate. On the radiograph, the following shall be plainly and permanently included and in any case this information shall not obscure the area of interest. (See Fig.4)(1) BAOSE (2)Job No. (3)Weld No. (4)Center mark. (5) Position No.(6)Repair mark, if used. (7)Location Marks. (8)Date of making radiographFig 43.9 Facilities for Viewing Radiographs3.9.1 Illuminator used to view radiographs shall be verified that it has sufficient intensity to be visible for the essential wire diameter of IQI and can diffuse the light uniformly. When the radiograph is smaller than the viewing portion of illuminator or will include low density areas, the masks shall be provided to exclude any extraneous light.3.9.2 In order to obtain the necessary brightness through the radiograph at least 30cd/m2, the viewing equipment shall have the following illumination:3.10 Viewing RoomSubdued background lighting shall be provided such that the intensity shall not cause troublesome reflection, shadows or glares on the radiograph.4Check of Surface to be RadiographedPrior to starting of radiographic examination, the Examiner shall check or verify that the surface to be radiographed satisfies the following conditions.4.1 The reinforcement of butt welded joints is within the value specified in Section ⅧDivision 1 as shown in Table 7.4.2 Any surface irregularities, such as weld ripples, splashing, undercut and surface roughness, cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity.GENERAL NOTES:(a) For double welded butt joints, this limitation on reinforcement given above shall apply separately to bothinside and outside surfaces of the joint.(b) For single welded butt joints, the reinforcement limits given above shall apply to the outside surface of thejoint only.(c) Thickness of weld reinforcement shall be based on the thickness of the thinner of the materials being joined.(d) The weld reinforcement thickness shall be determined from the higher of the abutting surfaces involved.(e) Weld reinforcement may be removed if so desired.5 Setup for ExposureLevel Ⅰor levelⅡindividual shall set up the equipment, tools and materials for exposure in accordance with the examination instruction so all requirements for radiograph will be met. The setup information shall be truly and clearly recorded as described in paragraph9.5.1 Arrangement of Film，IQI and Markers.5.1.1 Film cassette, IQI and markers shall be placed in accordance with Fig. 4. The Examiner who performs the exposure shall carefully insert the specified film into cassette and attach the “B” mark on its back.5.1.2 If the density of the radiograph anywhere through the area of interest varies by more than –15% or +30% from the density adjacent to the designated wire of a wire IQI within the minimum and maximum allowable density ranges specified in Table 8, then two IQIs shall be used. One shall be placed on the lightest area of interest and the other shall be placed on the darkest area of interest.5.2 Geometric Condition for Exposure.5.2.1 Source-to-object distance and distance from source side of object to the film shall meet the requirements of geometric unsharpness(Ug). The geometric unsharpness of radiograph shall not exceed what described in Table 9.△Each radiograph of a composite set shall have a minimum density of 1.3.The geometric unsharpness Ug of the radiograph shall be determined in accordance with: Ug = F*d/DWhere:F = source size: the max. projected dimension of the radiating source (or effective focal spot ) in the planeperpendicular to the distance D from the weld or object being radiographed.d= distance from source side surface of the weld or object being radiographed to the film.D= Distance from source of radiation to weld or object being radiographed.D and d shall be determined at the approximate center of the area of interest.5.2.2 The density and sensitivity within the effective viewing area for one film shall conform to the requirement specified. The effective examination length can be determined by means of method of actual examinations.5.2.3 In general, the direction of the central beam of radiation shall be perpendicularly centered on the area of interest. When special defects need be detected, it shall be based on the examination instruction prepared by the Level ⅢExaminer.6 Film ProcessingThe Examiner shall develop the exposed films in accordance with the film processing procedure. The processing data shall be recorded. The chemical composition of developer and fixer, temperature and time shall be according to the recommended practice of the film manufacturer.6.1 Manual Processing SequenceThe manual processing sequence see Tab10.6.2 Processing Quality Requirements.The processed radiographs shall be free of mechanical, chemical or other blemishes. Such blemishes include, but are not limited to:a) fogging.b) processing defects such as streaks, water marks, or chemical stains.c) scratches, finger marks, crimps, static marks, smudges, or tears.d) loss of detail due to poor screen-to-film contact.e) false indications due to defective screens.7 Evaluation of Radiographs7.1 Prior to evaluating the radiographs, the NDE level ⅡorⅢshall check if the information in radiographing record and the exposure location drawing of the component or product are completeand correct.7.2 Prior to being interpreted, the radiographs shall be checked whether their own quality is conformed to the specified requirements. Otherwise, the radiograph has to be retaken.7.3 In addition to the requirement described in Paragraph 6.2, the requirement of radiograph quality also includes:7.3.1 Density LimitationThe transmitted film density near the discernible minimum wire of an IQI on radiograph and the area to be interpreted shall be within the limitations specified in Table 8.7.3.2 “B” Mark.The bright image of “B” mark shall not appear on a darker background of the radiograph. If dark im age of “B” appears on the lighter background, it should not be taken as a reason that radiograph quality is unaccepted.7.3.3 IQIThe IQI images and designated wire of wire IQI specified shall appear on the radiograph so as to ensure the quality level of inspection meeting the requirement of Table T-276 of Section Ⅴ.8 Acceptance Standards8.1 Acceptance standards for the radiographic examination of welds shall refer the ASME Code Section ⅧDiv.1,UW-51(full RT) and UW-52(spot RT)for pressure Vessels.8.2 Indications shown on the radiographs of welds and characterized as imperfections are unacceptable for pressure vessel welds that are full radiographed under the following conditions .a) Any indication characterized as a crack or zone of incomplete fusion or penetration.b) Any other elongated indication on the radiograph which has a length greater than:6mm for t up to 19mm1/3 t for t from 19mm to 57mm19mm for t over 57mmwhere t is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable reinforcement.c) Any group of aligned indications that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length of12t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L.L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group.d) Rounded indications in excess of those specified by the acceptance standards given in Appendix 4 of Section ⅧDiv. 1 for pressure vessels.8.3 For pressure vessels, the acceptability of welds examined by spot radiography shall be judged by the following standards.a) Welds in which indications are characterized as cracks or zones of incomplete fusion orpenetration shall be unacceptable.b) Welds in which indications are characterized as slag inclusions or cavities shall beunacceptable if the length of any such indication is greater than 2/3t (t: weld thickness) excluding any allowable reinforcement.c) If several indications within the above limitations exist in line, the welds shall be judgedacceptable if the sum of the longest dimensions of all such indications is not more than t in a length of 6t and if the longest indications considered are separated by at least 3L of acceptable weld metal (L: length of the longest indication).d) The maximum length of acceptable indications shall be 19mm. Any such indicationsshorter than 6mm shall be acceptable for any plate thickness.e) Rounded indications are not a factor in the acceptability of welds not required to be fullyradiographed.9 Records9.1 The records shall include the Radiographic Examination Report, RT Interpretation Sheet and Radiographic Sketch of Location. These records shall be properly kept in file at least for 3 years. 9.2 The record and report mentioned above shall be prepared by the operator and interpreter respectively and reviewed by the RT Level ⅡorⅢand approved by the RT Level ⅢExaminerprior to submission to the AI for his review and acceptance.9.3 The forms of RT report, interpretation, location record and specific Instruction Card see page the Appendix.MT EXAMINATION PROCEDURESTATEMENT OF DEMONSTRATION CERTIFICATIONWe hereby certify that the Magnetic Particle Examination Procedure (QCD-014, Rev.5) has been demonstrated on a test specimen with known defect to the satisfaction of the AI according to ASME Code Section V，T-150 as required by Section VIII, Div.1 Appendix 6.1 General1.1 This procedure is applied to the magnetic particle examination of ferromagnetic materials and welds for ASME Code items.1.2 The magnetic particle examination method is suitable for detecting cracks and other discontinuities on or near the surface in ferromagnetic materials.1.3 This procedure is applied to wet continuous magnetization by yoke, which shall only be applied to detect discontinuities that are open to the surface of the part.1.4 This procedure shall be certified by demonstration to the satisfaction of the AI prior to implementation.2 PersonnelThe NDE personnel who is engaged in magnetic particle examination shall be qualified and certified according to BAOSE’s Written Practice (QC ND-011).3 Written Procedure Requirements3.1 RequirementsMagnetic Particle examination shall be performed in accordance with this written procedure (and the instruction cards as supplementary means), which shall, as a minimum, contain the applicable requirements listed in Table 1. The written procedure shall establish a single value, or range of values, for each requirement.3.2 Procedure QualificationThis procedure shall be demonstrated to the satisfaction of the AI prior to initial use. When procedure qualification is specified, a change of a requirement in Table 1 identified as an essential variable shall be require requalification of the written procedure by demonstration. A change of a requirement identified as a nonessential variable does not require requalification of the written procedure. All changes of essential or nonessential variables from those specified by the written procedure shall require revision of, or an addendum to, the written procedure.4 Magnetization Equipment and Calibration4.1 The magnetizing equipment to be used is Yoke, with Type CDX-4L (made by Jiangsu Sheyang Shengong Flaw Detection Factory).4.2 Frequency of calibrationMagnetizing Equipment with an ammeter shall be calibrated at least once a year, or whenever the equipment has been subjected to a major electric repair, periodic overhaul or damage. If equipment has not been in use for a year or more, calibration shall be done prior to first use.4.3 Calibration for lifting power of Yokes4.3.1 Prior to use, the magnetizing power of electromagnetic yokes shall have been checked within the past years. The yoke shall be checked whenever it has been damaged or repaired.4.3.2 Each alternating-current electromagnetic yoke shall have a lifting power of at least 44N（4.5kg）at the maximum pole spacing that will be used.4.4 Calibration for Light MeterThe digital light meter of type QZ-CZ ( made by Shanghai Sanhuan Instrument Co.,Ltd.), used for measuring light intensity in the examination area during the specified time interval, shall bechecked every 12 months by the designated Measuring & Testing Centre.Table 1 Requirements of A Magnetic Particle Examination Procedure5 Examination Medium5.1 The examination medium shall be the finely divided ferromagnetic particles which have high permeability and low retentivity. The size and shape of the magnetic particles shall be suitable for forming magnetic particle indications.5.2 The black magnetic particles in conditioned oil as suspension vehicle (Type MT-BO, wet color contrast), made by Shanghai Xin Meida Flaw Detection Material CO., Ltd., shall be used. The particle size shall be not less than 320 meshes.5.3 The fluid medium for the magnetic suspension fluid shall be conditioned oil in a sprayer. The temperature of the wet particle suspension and the surface of the part shall not exceed 57℃.5.4 Concentration of wet magnetic particle suspensions5.4.1 The initial bath concentration of suspended magnetic particles shall be assured by Shanghai Xin Meida Flaw Detection Material CO., Ltd.5.4.2 The bath concentration shall be maintained within 1.2 to 2.4 ml per 100ml of vehicle for nonfluorescent particles unless otherwise specified by the particle manufacturer. In order to enhance the contrast of examined area, the contrast enhancer solvent (FA-5) may be sprayed over the examined surface before applying the black magnetic suspension vehicle.6 Steps of magnetic particle examination are as following:7 Magnetization Procedure7.1 Yoke Technique7.1.1 The alternating current electromagnetic yokes shall be used for localized magnetization to form a longitudinal magnetic field.7.1.2 Pole spacing shall not exceed 200mm and be less than 75mm.7.1.3 The field strength of yokes can be empirically determined by measuring its lifting power.7.1.4 Wet particle applied from aerosol spray cans may be applied before and/or after magnetic current is applied. It shall be applied in a method that they will not be permitted to pool in any area.7.1.5 Accumulations of excess dry particles in examinations shall be removed with a light air stream from a bulb or syringe or other source of low pressure dry air.7.1.6 Direction of magnetizationAt least two separate examinations shall be carried out on each area. The second examination shall be with the lines of magnetic flux approximately perpendicular to those used for the first examination in that area.7.1.7 The area to be examined shall be restricted to the area which is equal to 1/4 maximum pole spacing on both sides of the line through two poles. The pole spacing shall at least have 25mm overlap for adjacent areas.7.1.8 Post-examination treatment8 Magnetic Field AdequacyThe applied magnetic field shall have sufficient strength to produce satisfactory indications, but shall not be so strong that it causes masking of relevant indications by nonrelevant accumulations of magnetic particles. Factors that influence the required field strength include the size, shape and material permeability of the part; the technique of magnetization; coatings; the method of particles application; the type and location of discontinuities to be detected.9 Examination Requirements9.1 Surface conditioning and Preparation9.1.1 Satisfactory results are usually obtained when the surface are in the as-welded, as-rolled, as-cast, or as-forged conditions. However, surface preparation by grinding or machining may be necessary where surface irregularities could mask indications due to discontinuities.9.1.2 Prior to magnetic particle examination, the surface to be examined and all adjacent areas within at least 25mm) shall be dry and free of all dirt, grease, lint, scale, welding flux and spatter, oil, or other extraneous matter that could interfere with the examination.9.1.3 Cleaning may be accomplished using detergents, organic solvents, descaling solution, paint removers, vapor degreasing, sand or grit blasting, or ultrasonic cleaning methods.9.1.4 If nonmagnetic coatings are left on the part in the area being examined, it shall be demonstrated that indications can be detected through the existing maximum coating thickness applied. When AC yoke technique is used, the demonstration must be in accordance with Mandatory AppendixⅠof Article 7 of ASME Code SectionⅤ.9.2 Unless specified on the drawings or other technical documentation, the magnetic particle examination shall be carried out on the parts with finished surface condition, or finished-machined condition and final heat treatment condition.9.3 The small opening, slots or holes in the parts can be blocked to prevent the magnetic particle from getting into.9.4 Examination shall be conducted with sufficient overlap (at least 10%) to assure 100% coverage at the established sensitivity.9.5 The repaired area shall be reexamined according to the original examination procedure.9.6 A minimum light intensity of 1000Lx is required to ensure adequate sensitivity during the examination and evaluation of indications. To achieve this minimum light intensity, the C201C flashlight shall be used as light source and the distance from the light source to the surface to be examined shall not exceed 800mm.10 Evaluation of indications and acceptance standards10.1 Evaluation of indicationsIndications will be revealed by retention of magnetic particles. All such indications are not necessarily imperfections, however, since excessive surface roughness, magnetic permeability variations (such as at the edge of heat affected zones), etc., may produce similar indications .An indication is the evidence of a mechanical imperfection. Only indications which have any dimension greater than 1.5mm shall be considered relevant.a) A linear indication is one having a length greater than three times the width.b) A rounded indication is one of circular or elliptical shape with a length equal to or less than three times the width.c) Any questionable or doubtful indications shall be reexamined to determine whether or not they are relevant.d) Broad areas of particle accumulation which might mask indications from discontinuities are prohibited, and such areas shall be cleaned and reexamined.10.2 Acceptance standards (According to Section Ⅷ, Div.1 Appendix 6 ) These acceptance standards shall apply unless other more restrictive standards are specified for specific materials or applications.All surfaces to be examined shall be free of :a) relevant linear indications;b) relevant rounded indications greater than 5mm;c) four or more relevant rounded indications in a line separated by 1.5mm or less, edge to edge;d) an indication of an imperfection may be larger than the imperfection that causes it; however, the size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation.10 DemagnetizationWhen residual magnetism in the part could interfere with subsequent processing or usage, the part shall be demagnetized in time after completion of the examination.11 CleaningPost-test cleaning is necessary where magnetic particle material could interfere with subsequent processing or usage.12 Records and report13.1 The examination details and results shall be recorded by the operator. When necessary, the permanent records may be made by adhesive tape, photograph or other means.13.2 NDE report shall be prepared by the NDE Level II and approved by the NDE Level Ⅲprior to submission to the AI for acceptance.13.3 Report form is shown in Appendix.。

01射线检测通用工艺规程-NB-T47013

XXXX压力容器设备有限公司射线检测通用工艺规程1 适用范围1.1 适用于承压设备的制造、安装、在用检测中对接焊接接头的X射线检测。

用于制作焊接头的金属材料包括碳素钢、低合金钢、不锈钢、铜及铜合金、铝及铝合金和钛及钛合金、镍及镍合金。

1.2 承压设备其他金属材料、支承件和结构件的焊接接头的射线检测也可参照使用。

2 编制依据NB/T 47013.1-2015《承压设备无损检测》第1部分：通用要求NB/T 47013.2-2015《承压设备无损检测》第2部分：射线检测3 一般要求3.1 射线检测人员3.1.1 从事射线检测人员上岗前应进行辐射安全知识的培训，并取得放射工作人员证和无损检测人员资格证书。

3.1.2 射线检测人员未经矫正或经矫正的近（距）视力和远（距）视力应不低于5.0（小数记录值为1.0）,测试方法应符合GB 11533的规定。

从事评片的人员应每年检查一次视力。

3.2 射线胶片3.2.1 胶片系统按照GB/T 19348.1分为六类，即C1、C2、C3、C4、C5和C6类。

Cl 为最高类别，C6为最低类别，胶片系统的特性指标见NB/T 47013.2附录B。

3.2.2 胶片处理方法、设备和化学药剂可按照GB/T 19384.2的规定，用胶片制造商提供的预先曝光胶片测试片进行测试和控制。

3.2.3 不使用超过胶片制造商规定的使用期限的胶片。

胶片按制造商推荐的温度和湿度条件予以保存，并避免受任何电离辐射的照射。

3.3 观片灯观片灯的主要性能符合GB/T 19802的有关规定，最大亮度能满足评片的要求。

3.4 黑度计3.4.1 黑度计可测的最大黑度应不小于4.5，测量值的误差应不超过±0.05。

3.4.2 黑度计至少每6个月校验一次。

校准黑度计用的标准黑度片必须在有效期内，并通过计量部门的鉴定(2年）新购置的标准黑度片只要在有效期内也允许。

3.5 增感屏3.5.1 X射线照相能量在500KV以下时选用增感屏的材料应是铅屏。

承压设备管子和压力管道对接焊接接头射线检测通用工艺规程

3.3 射线检测人员未经矫正或经矫正的近(距)视力和远(距)视力应不低于5.0(小数记录值为1.0)，从事评片的人员应每年检查一次视力。

4 仪器、工具和材料4.1 X射线机见表1表 1 X射线机型号4.2 胶片系统：胶片系统按GB/T1938.1—2003分为四类，即T1、T2、T3、T4类。

T1为最高类别，T4为最低类别。

AB级射线检测技术应采用T3类或更高类别的胶片。

胶片的本底灰雾度不大于0.3。

4.4 观片灯：观片灯的主要性能应符合JG/T7903的规定。

4.5 黑度计：黑度计性能要求应符合JB/T4730.2—2005标准中3.4.1和3.4.2的要求。

4.6 增感屏：增感屏的选择按JB/T4730.2—2005标准中3.5的要求选用。

4.7 像质计：选用通用线型像质计或专用等径金属丝像质计。

4.7.1 像质计的材料选用按JB/T4730.2—2005标准中3.6.2要求选用。

5.2 射线检测技术等级选择应符合制造及设计图样规定，我厂一般采用AB级射线检测技术进行检测。

对重要设备和特殊焊接工艺制作的对接焊接接头，可采用B级技术进行检测。

对接焊接接头X射线检测工艺规程

对接焊接接头X射线检测工艺规程1.0目的及适用范围为保证射线检测工作质量，提供正确可靠的检测数据，特制定本规程。

1.2.1本规程适用于碳素钢、低合金钢、不锈钢压力容器，常压容器的纵向和环向对接接头；1.2.2本规程适用于透照厚度为2～50mm的钢熔化焊对接接头的X 射线照相方法；1.2.3材料为铜及铜合金、铝及铝合金和钛及钛合金、镍及镍合金的纵向和环向及钢结构对接接头的X射线检测可参照进行；2.0编制依据2.1本规程依据JB/T4730-2005.2?承压设备无损检测?编制；2.2本规程依据GB16357-1996?工业X射线探伤卫生防护标准?编制；2.3本规程参照GB18871-2002?电离辐射防护与辐射源平正常然标准?编制。

3.0射线防护3.1射线防护应符合GB18871-2002?电离辐射防护与辐射源平正常然标准?和GB16357-1996?工业X射线探伤卫生防护标准?的要求；3.2曝光室场地必须是经卫生防疫部门放射性平安检测合格，并由国家相应卫生部门颁发?放射装置使用许可证?方可使用；3.3工程现场进行X射线检测时，必须采纳射线平安剂量仪，检测出平安区域，并在平安区边界位置悬挂警示牌，必要时应设专人监护。

夜间检测操作时应使用红色警示灯，防止人员误进受到辐射损害；3.4从事本规程的检测人员应严格遵守公司制订的?射线工作平安治理制度?和?X射线机平安操作规程?。

4.1在射线检测之前，对接焊接接头的外表应经外瞧检测并合格。

外表的不规那么状态在底片上的影像不得掩盖或干扰缺陷影像，否那么应对外表作适当修整；除非另有，射线检测应在焊后进行。

对有延迟裂纹倾向的材料，至少应在焊接完成24h后进行射线检测；射线检测技术等级选择应符合制造、安装、在用等有关标准及设计图样。

承压设备对接焊接接头的制造、安装、在用时的射线检测，一般应采纳AB级射线检测技术进行检测。

对重要设备、结构、特不材料和特不焊接工艺制作的对接焊接接头，可采纳B级技术进行检测；5.2由于结构、环境条件、射线设备等方面限制，检测的某些条件不能满足AB级〔或B级〕射线检测技术的要求时,经检测方技术负责人批准，在采取有效补偿措施〔例如选用更高类不的胶片〕的前提下，假设底片的像质计灵敏度到达了AB级〔或B级〕射线检测技术的,那么可认为按AB级〔或B级〕射线检测技术进行了检测；5.3承压设备在用检测中，由于结构、环境、射线设备等方面限制,检测的某些条件不能满足AB级射线检测技术的要求时,经检测方技术负责人批准,在采取有效补偿措施〔例如选用更高类不的胶片〕后可采纳A级技术进行射线检测，但应同时采纳其他无损检测方法进行补充检测。

对接焊接接头射线检测工艺规程

对接焊接接头射线检测工艺规程引言对接焊接接头的射线检测是一种常用的无损检测方法，用来检查焊缝的质量和完整性。

通过射线检测，可以发现焊接接头中的内部缺陷，例如气孔、夹渣、裂纹等。

本文档将介绍对接焊接接头射线检测的工艺规程，包括准备工作、检测设备和仪器的选择、检测方法及评定标准等。

1. 准备工作在进行对接焊接接头射线检测之前，需要进行以下准备工作：1.1 清洁焊接接头表面：使用适当的清洁剂和工具，清洁焊接接头表面的污垢和油脂。

确保焊接接头表面干净，并且没有影响射线检测结果的杂质。

1.2 确定射线源和检测设备：根据焊接接头的材料和尺寸，选择合适的射线源和检测设备。

常用的射线源有X射线和γ射线，常用的检测设备有X射线机和γ射线机。

1.3 设置辐射防护措施：在进行射线检测之前，必须设置辐射防护措施，以保证操作人员和周围环境的安全。

建议在检测区域周围设置辐射屏蔽设施，并向操作人员提供必要的辐射防护装备。

2. 检测设备和仪器的选择2.1 射线源选择：根据焊接接头的材料和厚度，以及所需的检测灵敏度，选择适当的射线源。

X射线常用于检测较小厚度和更高灵敏度的焊接接头，而γ射线则适用于检测较厚的焊接接头。

2.2 检测设备选择：根据焊接接头的形状和尺寸，选择适当的检测设备。

常用的检测设备有X射线机和γ射线机，它们应具备合适的功率和分辨率，以满足检测需求。

2.3 筛选仪器和辅助设备：除了射线源和检测设备外，还需要选择合适的仪器和辅助设备。

例如，放射性密度计、曝光定时器、底片夹和荧光屏等。

3. 检测方法3.1 曝光设定：根据焊接接头的材料和厚度，确定曝光时间和曝光量。

曝光时间和曝光量应根据焊接接头的要求和相关标准进行合理设定。

3.2 检测操作：将焊接接头放置在检测台上，并将射线源适当位置放置。

根据所选择的射线源和检测设备的工作原理，将焊接接头照射，产生射线图像。

3.3 图像评价：根据射线图像，判断焊接接头是否存在缺陷。

将射线图像与评定标准进行对比，确定焊接接头是否合格。

01焊缝射线检测通用工艺规程

压力容器射线检测通用工艺规程1、总则1.1、本规程规定了钢制压力容器主要受压元件的熔化焊对接接头的X射线检测技术和质量分级要求。

1.2、本规程适用于本企业的钢制压力容器制造过程中所有A、.B类焊缝的射线照相检测。

本规程规定的射线检测技术分为三级：A级一低灵敏度技术；AB级一中灵敏度术；B级一高灵敏度技术。

1.3、本规程不适用于钢制压力容器制造、安装过程中C、D类焊缝的射线照相。

2、引用标准GB11533 标准对数视力表GBZ117 工业X射线探伤放射卫生防护标准GB18871 电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准GB/T19348.1无损检测工业射线照相胶片第1部分：工业射线胶片系统的分类GB/T19348.2 无损检测工业射线照相胶片第2部分:用参考值方法控制胶片处理GB/T19802 无损检测工业射线照相底片观片灯最低要求JB/T7902 射线照相用线型象质计NB/T47013.1 承压设备无损检测第1部分：通用要求NB/T47013.2 承压设备无损检测第2部分：射线检测3、一般要求3.1、射线检测人员3.1.1、从事射线检测的人员必须符合NB/T47013.1-2015的有关要求3.1.2、从事射线检测的人员上岗前应进行辐射安全知识的培训，并取得放射工作人员证。

3.1.3、从事评片的人员未经矫正或经矫正的近距视力和远距视力应不低于5.0（小数记录值为1.0），测试方法应符合GB11533的规定，应每年检查一次。

3.4、黑度计3.4.1、黑度计可测的最大黑度应不小于4.5,测量值的误差应不超过±0.05。

3.4.2、黑度计首次使用前应进行核查，以后至少每6个月进行一次核查。

47013射线照相通用工艺规程

射线检测通用工艺规程1.适用范围：适用于压力容器受压元件的制造、安装、在用检测中对金属熔化焊焊接接头的射线检测。

用于制作焊接接头的金属材料包括钢、铜及铜合金、铝及铝合金、钛及钛合金、镍及镍合金。

承压设备其他其他金属材料、支承件和结构件的焊接接头的射线检测，也可参照使用。

本部分规定的射线检测技术分为三级：A级－低灵敏度技术；AB级－中灵敏度技术；B级－高灵敏度技术。

承压设备对接焊接接头的射线检测，一般应采用AB级射线检测技术进行检测。

对重要设备、结构、特殊材料和特殊焊接工艺制作的对接焊接接头，可采用B级技术进行检测。

1．探伤人员资格：2.1 无损检测人员资格分为Ⅲ（高）级、Ⅱ（中）级、Ⅰ（初）级。

取得不同无损检测方法各资格级别的人员，只能从事与该方法和该资格级别相应的无损检测工作，并负相应的技术责任。

2.2各级人员的职责范围：2.2.1 Ⅲ级人员：审核或签发检测报告，解释检测结果，仲裁Ⅱ级人员对检测结论的技术争议。

2.2.2 Ⅱ级人员：编制探伤工艺卡，熟练地调节仪器，独立进行检测工作，正确评定检测结果，并对报告负责。

2.2.3 Ⅰ级人员：在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级人员指导下，按工艺要求完成检测工作。

2.3 从事射线检测地人员：●上岗前应进行辐射安全知识的培训，并取得放射人员工作证；●未经矫正或经矫正的近（距）视力和远（距）视力不低于5.0（小数记录值1.0），测试方法应符合GB11533的规定，从事评片的人员应每年检查一次视力。

3．射线检测设备：3.1射线装置本规程所适用的射线装置为X射线机。

3.2观片灯观片灯的主要性能应符合GB/T 19802的有关规定，最大亮度应能满足评片的要求。

3.3黑度计（光学密度计）3.3.1黑度计可测的最大黑度应不小于4.5，测量值的误差应不超过±0.05。

3.3.2黑度计首次使用前应进行核查，以后至少每六个月应进行一次核查，形成核查报告。

核查方法可参照NB/T47013.2附录B的规定进行。

管道环焊缝射线检测工艺规程（修改版）

管道环焊缝射线检测工艺规程（修改版）管道环焊缝射线检测工艺规程ZJ/GC 01－031.范围本规程规定了射线检测人员资格、所用设备、器材、检测工艺和质量分级等。

本规程适用X射线照相方法和AB级质量要求检查壁厚为2－30mm的低碳钢和低合金钢质石油天然气长输、集输管道及其它石油管线的环向对接焊缝。

2. 规范性引用文件下列文件的条款通过本规程引用而成为本规程的条款。

凡其是注日期的引用文件，其随后所有的修改单（不包括勘误的内容）或修订不适用于本规程。

凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本适用于本规程。

SY4056 石油天然气钢质管道对接焊缝射线照相及质量分级GB4792 放射线卫生防护基本标准GB561 线型象质计GB/T12605 钢管环焊缝熔化焊对接接头射线照相工艺及质量分级ZJ/GD03 现场射线检测安全规定3.检测人员3.1从事射线探伤人员必须经专业技术培训，掌握一定的探伤基础知识和操作技能及安全、卫生防护知识，并持有相关部门颁发的相应资格证书。

3.2 评片人员具备校正视力≦1.0，具能判别出400mm距离处高0.5mm、间距0.5mm的一组印刷字母。

3.3 进行射线检测时，检测人员必须严格遵守国家标准GB4792《放射线卫生防护基本标准》和ZJ/GD03 《现场射线检测安全规定》中的有关规定。

当工作环境不符合本规范工艺要求和安全规定时，检测人员有权拒绝探伤。

4. 设备和器材4.1 公司现有设备及其透照厚度范围见表1。

表14.2 在满足射线穿透力的前提下，宜使用较低管电压，曝光量不低于15mAmin，以提高射线照相灵敏度，如管径小于或等于114mm的对接环缝采用双壁双影法时，可适当提高管电压，以减少曝光时间和增大宽容度。

4.3 胶片和增感屏4.3.1 在满足灵敏度要求的情况下，X射线一般选用J2型胶片，如天津III型、上海A、乐凯等。

4.3.2 射线透照采用铅箔增感屏，不得采用荧光增感屏和荧光金属增感屏。

NBT47013.2-2015射线检测工艺规程(钢质对接焊缝)

NB/T 47013.2-2015射线检测工艺规程1 目的本规程规定了射线检测工作的一般要求和操作方法，更好地促进检测人员X射线检测操作的规范化和适用性。

2 适用范围2.1 本部分规定了承压设备金属熔化焊焊接接头X射线检测技术和质量分级要求。

适用于熔化焊焊接接头的金属为钢、镍及镍基合金、铜及铜合金。

焊接接头的型式为对接接头对接焊缝（以下简称“对接焊缝”）。

2.2 承压设备其他金属材料、支承件和结构件的焊接接头的射线检测也可参照使用。

注：a. 钢和镍及镍合金的透照厚度范围2～110mm；b. 铜及铜合金的透照厚度范围2～80mm；c. 上述材料承压设备管子和压力管道的透照厚度≥2mm。

3 编制依据本规程的编制依据包括但不限于以下相关规范及技术标准3.1 NB/T 47013.1-2015 承压设备无损检测第1部分：通用要求3.2 NB/T 47013.2-2015 承压设备无损检测第2部分：射线检测3.3 NB/T 47013.2-2015 承压设备无损检测第2部分：射线检测第1号修改单3.4 GB 11533 标准对数视力表3.5 GB/T 12604.2 无损检测术语射线照相检测3.6 GB 18871 电离辐射防护及辐射源安全基本标准3.7 GB/T 19348.1 无损检测工业射线照相胶片第1部分：工业射线照相胶片系统的分类3.8 GB/T 19348.2 无损检测工业射线照相胶片第2部分：用参考值方法控制胶片处理3.9 GB/T 19802 无损检测工业射线照相观片灯最低要求3.10 GBZ 117 工业X射线探伤放射防护标准3.11 GB/T 23910 无损检测射线照相检测用金属增感屏3.12 JB/T 7902 射线照相用线型像质计3.13 TSG Z8001-2013 特种设备无损检测人员考核规则4 职责4.1 质量技术部负责操作指导书编制和安全管理，项目部拍片人员按操作指导书进行拍片并记录；4.2 评片人员负责底片质量控制和底片评定（初评、复评），记录审核，报告编发；4.3 射线责任师负责操作指导书、底片、报告审核，并对检测过程进行质量控制。