英语修辞学笔记整理
现代大学英语第五册修辞总结
高级英语第五册修辞方法（Rhetorical Device）1. Simile:L1-17: It is something like… behind bars.L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.(justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream)L5-5: Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (dumb as an ox)L5-50: First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (comparing his longing for the raccoon coat with the expression of a hungry homeless child looking longingly at the bread at a bakery window.)L5-123: It was like digging a tunnel. (comparing his teaching to the hard work of digging a tunnel.)L5-147: I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (comparing his angry shouts to the bellowing ofa bull)L7-2: …united with others of our country in everything…like the fingers of the hand.(comparing the relationship between black and white to fingers of the hand)L7-10: Yet even then I had been going over my speech...as bright as flame. (comparing each word of his speech to bright flame)L7-16: For in those days I was what they called ginger—colored...like a crisp ginger cookie.(comparing the narrator to a cookie)L7-20: My saliva became like hot bitter glue.L7-21: The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs... hypersensitive snails. (comparing the black boys to animals)L7-27: A blow to my head as I danced about sent my right eye popping... my dilemma.L7-45: I roiled away as a fumbled football rolls off the receiver’s fingertips...L7-46: 1 was limp as a dish rag.2. Metaphor:L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (the long night of physical slavery)L1-5: The Negro. . . his own emancipation proclamation. (“signs with the pen and ink of assertive manhood his own emancipation proclamation”)L1-14: … when the unjust… is eliminated. (measurement, a scale of dollars)L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality. （owning a key to open a door）L1-25: the battering rams of the forces of justice;the junk heaps of historyLet us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. (“the tragic walls” and “the battering rams”)L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. (low-hovering clouds of despair; gigantic mountains of evil)L4-3: Killing the Angel in the HouseL4-5: The image of a fishermanL4-7: A room of one’s ownL5-1: There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier. (comparing the limitation set by Lamb to a frontier)L5-20: My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Mixed metaphor, comparing at the same time the narrator’s brain to a precision instrument and also to a machine that has gears.)L5-34: In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (comparing the competing for friendship to an athletic event)L5-98: Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. (comparing Polly’s mind to the extinct crater of a volcano)L5-115: Poisoning the well: (comparing “the personal attack on a person holding some thesis” to “poisoning the well”)L5-151: The rat. (comparing Petey to a rat)L6-41: I’ve never met anyone… the second time around. (The metaphor of record player is used.)3. Allusion:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. (a biblical allusion: the 1ion and the lamb shall lie down together; every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid)L5-64: We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak… (An implied allusion to Robin Hood, whose trysting place was under a huge oak tree in Sherwood Forest.)L5-138: I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat.L10-8: Overnight… surreal episodes…（a sword of Damocles）4. Parody:L10-25: Is our democracy… of liberty? (This is a parody of a line in Patrick Henry’s speech: “Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?”)5. Metonymy:L4-1: No demand was made upon the family purse. (“purse” stands for money)L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. (Butcher’s bills stand for meat bought from a butcher. )L5-23: She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions. But 1 was not one to let my heart rule my head. (to let my heart rule my head: Metonymy. “Heart”stands for “feelings and emotions” and “head” for “reason and good sense”.)L5-105: …surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. (X-rays stand for X-rays photographs)L10-2: Anthrax panic… chambers (“Congress” stands for its members)6. Synecdoche:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.city hall (the naming of a part to mean the whole. Here, the naming of the building for the government)L4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. (bread and butter: This set phrase means food and the most important and basic things. )7. Transferred epithet:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. (the tragic walls)L5-40: I said with a mysterious wink… (the wink was not mysterious)L7-6: our bare upper bodies touching and shining with anticipatory sweat (In “anticipatory sweat”, the adjective “anticipatory “ is a transferred epithet.)L7-25: He kept coming, bringing the rank sharp violence of stale sweat. (the rank sharp violence: Logically rank and sharp modify “stale sweat”, not “violence”.)8. Oxymoron:9. Hyperbole:L5-5: It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (exaggerating for effect)L5-50: … he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (It’s an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”)L5-135: You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.L5-135: I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.10. Understatement or litotes:L5-61: This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first 1 was tempted to give her back to Petey. (no small dimensions)11. Contrast:L3-22: A contrast is made between old Shanghai and Shanghai in the 1990s.L8-3: While Oppenheimer was interrupting…. had invented the subject. (an implied contrast)L10-25: How do we… poise? (paranoia vs. poise)12. Antithesis:L1-5: As long as. . . can never be free. (mind vs. body, enslaved vs. free)L1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. (psychological freedom vs. physical slavery)L1-7: …love is identified… denial of love (1ove vs. power, a resignation of power vs. denial of love)L1-19: For through violence… but you can’t murder hate. (You may murder a murderer but you can’t murder murder.)L1-25: outer city of wealth and comfort vs. inner city of poverty and despair;wealth vs. poverty (economic);comfort vs. despair(mood, psychology)dark yesterdays vs. bright tomorrows;segregated schools vs. integrated educationon the basis of the content of their character vs. on the basis of the color of their skincontent(substance) vs. color (superficial)character(fundamental) vs. skin (outward appearance)L1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow.dark yesterday VS. bright tomorrowL5-27: It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.beautiful dumb vs. ugly smartL5-50: Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.Desire waxing vs. resolution waningL5-153: Look at me—a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future.Look at Petey—a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Brilliant, intellectual and assured vs. knot-head, jitterbug and never know where his next meal is coming from”13. Parallelism:L1-6: … confrontation of the forces… the status quo.forces of power demanding change(present participle)forces of power dedicated to the preserving of the(past participle) status quoL1-8: What is needed… and anemic.power without love is reckless and abusivelove without power is sentimental and anemicL1-8: Power at its best… against love.power at its best love implementing demands of justicejustice at its best power correcting against loveL1-10: And, in the thinking of that day…moral fiber.the absence of vs. a want ofworldly goods vs. (qualities)L1-19: For through violence… but you can’t murder hate.Three sentences “T hrough violence you may murder… but you can’t murder…”L1-20: And I have seen too much hate…. too great a burden to bear.I have seen too much hateI’ve seen too much hate onI’ve seen hate on…too many Klansmen…L1-25: There are 11 sentences beginning with “let us be dissatisfied until” and two short sentences of “let us be dissatisfied”.L12-5: The armies of… The legions of…The armies of… are marshaled against it.The legions of… will march against it.L12-16: A novelist’s characters… celebrity.a novelist’s characters hope for immortalitya profile journalist’s for celebrityL12-24: It is the disrespect… to preserve.(disrespect) for powerorthodoxiesparty linesideologies…;that I would like to celebratethat I urge all to preserve14. Epigram:L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality.15. Paradox:L1-18: Without recognizing this…that don’t explain.paralleled paradoxes: solutions that don’t solveanswers that don’t answerexplanations that don’t explainL1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. (to make a way out of no way)16. Chiasmus:L1-9: It is precisely this collision… of our times. (immoral power vs. powerless morality)L6-6: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.17. Anaphora:L1-25: let us be dissatisfied…18. Alliteration:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. ( lion, lamb, lie)L7-2: Live with your head in the lion’s mouth...or bust wide open. (death and destruction)L7-9: Some of the others tried to stop them…slipping and sliding over the polished floor.(slipping and sliding)19. Onomatopoeia:L3-14: clickRhetorical Devices一、明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
英语 修辞笔记
SimileDefinition: a direct comparison between two or more unlike things; normally introduced by like or asMy heart is like a singing bird.I wandered lonely as a cloud.MetaphorDefinition: a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.He has a heart of stone.College is a comma of a sentence of life.PersonificationDefinition: a figure of speech in which a thing, quality, or idea is represented as a person The baby crocodile thought hard. At last he had a good idea.In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the colony, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Over on the east side the ravager strode boldly, smiting his victims by scores. (O. Henry: The Last Leaf) Transferred EpithetDefinition: a figure of speech in which the epithet is transferred from the appropriate noun to modify another to which it does not really belongHe behaved with guilty caution and rather enjoyed stealing a march on Doctor Ed.Sometimes they threw (him) bits of food, and got scant thanks; sometimes a mischievouspebble, and a shower of stones and abuses.MetonymyDefinition: the name of something is used to represent a more general but closely related thing The kettle is boiling.This film star has a large wardrobe.SynecdocheMore hands are needed at harvest time.Nowadays more and more people have a liking for cotton.HyperboleDefinition: a figure of speech based on extravagant exaggeration.Bob loves running risks, and he once dived from the overhanging cliff of ten thousand feet high into the sea.Litotes (Understatement)Definition: a figure of speech in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of the contrary As lean was his horse as is a rake,and he was not right fat, I undertake.(Geoffrey Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales)ParadoxDefinition: Apparently self-contradictory statement, the underlying meaning of which is revealed only by careful scrutiny.More haste, less speed.He who praises everybody praises nobody.ParallelismIt consists of phrases or sentences of similar construction and meaning placed side by side, balancing each other.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.AntithesisDefinition: Contrast of ideas expressed by parallelism of strongly contrasted words.A mother takes twenty years to make a man of her boy, and another woman takes twenty minutes to make a fool of him .AlliterationDefinition：the commencement of two or more words of a word group with the same letter.Don’t speak humming and hawing, but speak out.Love’s Labour’s Lost. (by Shakespeare)AnaphoraChildren are a comfort, children are amusing, and children are sometimes a nuisance. ChiasmusDefinition: a device that consists of two balanced statements, the second of which reverses the order of the words in the first, with or without a repetition of words.Eat to live, and not live to eat. (Benjamin Franklin)Irony (反语）Definition: a figure of speech in which the intended meaning is the opposite of that expressed by the words used; usually taking the form of sarcasm or ridicule in which laudatory expressions are used to imply condemnation or contempt.Eg. If people keep telling you to quit smoking cigarette, don’t listen… They’re probably trying to trick you into living.Innuendo(暗讽）Definition: a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout way at something disparaging or uncomplimentary to the person or subject mentioned.Eg. ---It’s rather cold today, isn’t it?---But the weatherman said it would be warm. He must take his readings in a bathroom!Sarcasm（讽刺）A mild form of irony, it is just the opposite. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, andits aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked.Magnus Frankly, I have been accustomed to regard your President as a statesman whose mouth was the most efficient part of his head.Pun(双关)The use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more meanings or different associations, or the use of two or more words of the same or nearly the same sound with different meanings, so as to produce a humorous effect.On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you!We must all hang together, or we shall all hang separately.Parody（仿拟）Wall Street owns the country. It is no longer a government of the people, by the people and for the people, but a government of Wall Street , by Wall Street and for Wall Street.Give me Green World, or give me yesterday.Give me liberty, or give me death!(Patrick Henry)Onomatopoeia(拟声)Father always chuckles when he reads the funny papers.Ladies cackled constantly at the cock-tail party.。
高级英语修辞手法总结(最常考)
英语修辞手法1.Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等.例如:1>.Hewaslikeacockwhothoughtthesunhadrisentohearhimcrow.2>.Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.3>.Einsteinonlyhadablanketon,asifhehadjustwalkedoutofafairytale.2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如：1>.Hopeisagoodbreakfast,butitisabadsupper.2>.Somebooksaretobetasted,othersswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.3.Metonymy借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1>.Thekettleboils.水开了.2>.Theroomsatsilent.全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lendmeyourears,please.请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:acompleteShakespeare莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:Ihadthemuscle,andtheymademoneyoutofit.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如:1>.Thereareabout100handsworkinginhisfactory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有100名工人.2>.HeistheNewtonofthiscentury.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3>.Thefoxgoesverywellwithyourcap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.?5.Synaesthesia通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。
英语修辞手法总结
英语修辞手法总结
1. 嘿，simile（明喻）呀，就像“她的笑容像阳光一样灿烂”，这不是一下子就让你感受到她笑容的温暖了嘛！
2. 哇哦，metaphor（隐喻），比如“时间是小偷”，多形象地表达了时间悄悄偷走东西的感觉呀！
3. 嘿呀，personification（拟人），像“风在怒号”，把风当成会发怒的人，是不是很有趣呢？
4. hyperbole（夸张）可太有意思啦，“我能吃下一头牛”，这得是多大的食量呀，哈哈！
5. understatement（低调陈述），“这不算太坏”，其实可能已经挺糟糕了，但这么说就感觉还好啦。
6. irony（反讽），“你可真聪明啊”，但其实是说反话，在讽刺呢，这种感觉很奇妙吧！
7. euphemism（委婉语），“他去见上帝了”，多委婉地说一个人去世了呀。
8. metonymy（转喻），“白宫决定了”，其实是说美国政府呢，很巧妙吧！
9. synecdoche（提喻），“帆来了”其实说的是船来了，这种指代很特别呢！
10. alliteration（头韵），“Sally sells seashells by the seashore”，读起来朗朗上口，很有意思吧！
我觉得英语修辞手法真的是让语言变得丰富多彩，充满魅力呀！它们能让我们更生动、更形象地表达自己的想法和感受呢！。
英语修辞学知识要点
英语修辞学知识要点Chapter 1 Syntactic Devices1. Long and Short Sentences 长句和短句2. The Simple Sentence 简单句3. The Compound Sentence 复合句4. The Complex Sentence 复杂句5. Simple,Compound and Complex Sentences简单句、复合句和复杂句6. Branching Sentences 分支句（松散句和圆周句）7.The Active and the Passive Voiced Sentences 主动句和被动句8. Syntactic Schemes of Balance平衡句｛排比句(parallelism)；对偶句(antithesis)；逆转反复句(chiasmus)｝9. Syntactic Schemes of Inversion倒装句10. Syntactic Schemes of Omission 句子的省略｛省略句(ellipsis)；局部省略句(fragmentary elliptical sentence)；连词省略/散珠(asyndeton)；跳脱(aposiopesis)｝11. Syntactic Schemes of Addition or Insertion 添加句｛连词叠用(polysyndeton)；修正法/换语(epanorthosis)；注释法(exegesis)；扩充法(exergasis) ；并列法(apposition) ；插入法(parenthesis)｝12.Syntactic Schemes of Repetition 反复句｛二项式(binomials)；三项式(trinomials)；多项式(catalogues)；首语重复(syntactic anaphora)；尾语重复(syntactic epiphorea)；首尾语重复(syntactic framing)｝13. Syntactic Schemes of Climax and Anti-climax 层进和突降14. Rhetorcal Question 修辞问句15. Apodioxis 断然拒绝16. Apostrophe 顿呼17. Syntactic Schemes with "it" it句18. Existential Sentences 存在句Chapter 2 Lexical Devices1.Lexical optionsShort words or long words 长短词Common words or learned words 普通词和书面词Formal,informal or colloquial words 正式词、非正式词和口语词General or specific words 一般词和特殊词Concrete or abstract words 具体词和抽象词Referential or emotive words 指称词和情感词Choice between synonymous words 近义词的选择2.choice of abbreviationsAcronyms 首字母缩略词ClippingsBlends 混合词3.Lexical repetitionImmediate repetition连接反复Lexical anaphora 首语反复Lexical epistrophe 尾语反复Symploce首尾语反复Anadiplosis链形反复distant or intermitten repetition间隔反复root repetition 词根反复ploce换义反复Chapter 3 Phonetic Devices and Prose Rhythm 1. Phonetic Devices语音词格Alliteration头韵Assonance元韵Consonance 辅韵Homeoteleuton谐缀格Onomatopoeia拟声Combined use of Phonetic Devices2. Prose Rhythm散文节奏Stress重音Pitch语调Pause and tempo停顿和语速Chapter 4 Figures of Speech1.Simile明喻2.Metaphor暗喻3.Analogy类比4.Personification\physicalification拟人\拟物5.Metonymy借代6.Synecdoche提喻7.Antonomasia换称8.Syllepsis一笔双叙9.Zeugma轭式搭配10.Paradox隽语11.Oxymoron矛盾修饰法12.Hyperbole夸张13.Understatement低调陈述14.Euphemism委婉语15.Irony反语16.Innuendo讥讽17.Sarcasm讽刺18.Transferred Epithet 移就19.Pun双关（antanaclasis语音双关；paronomasia语义双关)20.Epigram警句21.synesthesia通感22.palindrome 回文Chapter 5 Allusions典故的来源和改引。
英语修辞手法总结
英语修辞手法总结Lesson one1 We can batten down and ride it out.—metaphor2. Wind and rain now wiped the house. ----metaphor(暗喻)3 Everybody out the back door to the cars!--elliptical sentence (省略句)4. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. ----simile (明喻)5. But the cars wouldn’t start; the electrical systems had been killed by water. personification(拟人)6. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. -----simile7. …it seized a 600,00 gallon Gulfport oil tan k and dumped it 3.5 miles away. ----personification(拟人)8 Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.-simile9 Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantagepoint--transferred epithet10. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished. 明喻11. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads----metaphor; simile12. …the Salvation Army’s canteen trucks and Red Cross volunteers and staffers were going wherever possible to distribute hot drinks, food, clothing and bedding.Lesson two Marrakech1 The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. (Elliptical sentence省略句)2 提喻or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects?3 押头韵They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve fora few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard (Para 3)4间接请求I could eat some of that bread.5夸张移就暗喻A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.（Transferred epithet 移就Metaphor暗喻）6移就暗喻Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there wasa frenzied rush of Jews. (Transferred epithet 移就）7 类比in just the same way, a couple of hundred years ago, poor old women used to be burned for witchcraft when they could not even work enough magic to get themselves a square meal.7 提喻still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.8 明喻long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls.9 暗喻she accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden.10 拟声词Onomatopoeia as the strokes flew northward the Negroes were marching southward -a long, dusty column, infantry, screw- gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.11 明喻their feet squashed into boots that looks like blocks of wood…Sim ile12 省略句Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive13 明喻And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scrapes of paper.Lesson threeMetaphor(暗喻)1 the conversation had swung from Australian convicts of the 19th century to the english peasants of the 12th century.2 the conversation was on wings.3.And no one has any idea where it will go as it meander or leaps and sparkles or just glows .——mixed metaphor4The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.——metaphor 【1.on the rock 为英语习语，这里引用了隐喻的修辞手法，把婚姻比喻成触礁的船只】【2.to get out of the bed on the wrong side 也是英语习语。
高级英语中的修辞手法总结带课文中例句
高级英语中的修辞手法总结带课文中例句
高级英语中常见的修辞手法包括：
1. 隐喻（Metaphor）：隐喻是一种不直接说明事物，而是通过比较或比喻来暗示某一事物的修辞手法。
例如，“爱情是一座城堡，每个人都在寻找自己的归属”（隐喻，将爱情比喻为城堡）。
2. 反讽（Irony）：反讽是一种表面说一套，实际上表达的却是与字面意思
相反的修辞手法。
例如，“我很喜欢去健身房锻炼，只是我的床喜欢把我困住”（反讽，表达的是作者不想去健身房）。
3. 排比（Parallelism）：排比是一种通过使用结构相似的句式来表达相近
或相同意思的修辞手法。
例如，“他跳得高，跑得快，游得远”（排比，强调他各方面都很优秀）。
4. 拟人（Personification）：拟人是一种将非人类事物赋予人类特性的修辞手法。
例如，“月亮害羞地躲进了云层里”（拟人，将月亮人格化）。
5. 夸张（Hyperbole）：夸张是一种通过夸大或缩小事物来表达强烈情感的修辞手法。
例如，“他高兴得像中了彩票一样”（夸张，强调他非常高兴）。
以上是高级英语中常见的修辞手法及例句，希望对你有所帮助。
英语修辞归纳
一、Figure of Emphasis强调修辞1.Repetition 重复1.1. Immediate Repetition连续重复Scrooge went to bed again, and thought, and thought, and thought it over and over, and could make nothing of it.1.2. Intermittent repetition间隔重复When Della had finished crying, she went to the window and looked out sadly at a grey cat walking along a grey fence in a grey backyard.1.2.1.Anaphora 首语重复Let that be realized. No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.1.2.2.Epiphora 尾语重复… and that government of the people, by the people, and for the people.1.2.3.Simploce/ Epidiplosis首尾重复( a combination of anaphora and epiphora)Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death1.2.4.Anadiplosis 联珠/顶真/尾首反复运用顶真修辞手法，不但能使句子结构整齐，语气贯通，而且能突出事物之间环环相扣的有机联系。
20种英语修辞手法整理
20种英语修辞手法整理英语修辞手法是英语写作中常用的一种技巧，通过巧妙地运用修辞手法，可以增加文章的表现力和吸引力，使读者更加有兴趣阅读。
本文将整理介绍20种常见的英语修辞手法。
一、比喻（Metaphor）比喻是一种常见的修辞手法，用于通过将两个不相干的事物进行比较，以增强表达的效果。
例如：“他是一只勇敢的狮子。
”二、暗喻（Implicit Metaphor）暗喻是一种通过隐晦的方式进行比喻的修辞手法，不直接明示被比较的事物。
例如：“他是个夜猫子。
”三、拟人（Personification）拟人是将非人事物赋予人的特质或行为的修辞手法。
例如：“大地张开了它温暖的怀抱。
”四、夸张（Hyperbole）夸张是一种通过夸大事物的说法来产生强烈效果的修辞手法。
例如：“我等了一万年。
”五、对比（Contrast）对比是一种通过将两个不同或相反的事物进行相互对比，以突出差异或强调某一方面的修辞手法。
例如：“他的言行恰恰相反。
”六、排比（Parallelism）排比是一种通过对句子或短语进行平行结构的修辞手法，以强调重点或增加语句的节奏感。
例如：“奋斗，拼搏，追求，努力。
”七、倒装（Inversion）倒装是一种颠倒语序的修辞手法，常常用于疑问句或为了强调某一部分。
例如：“Never have I seen such a beautiful sunset.”八、反问（Rhetorical Question）反问是一种用疑问句的形式表达肯定或否定的修辞手法，常用于强调某一观点或引起读者思考。
例如：“难道你不想成功吗？”九、比较（Comparison）比较是通过将两个事物进行对比，以凸显共同点或差异的修辞手法。
例如：“学习就像是爬山，充满了艰辛和挑战。
”十、设问（Hypophora）设问是一种在文章中提出问题，并在下文中进行回答的修辞手法，常用于引起读者的关注和思考。
例如：“你知道成功的秘诀是什么吗？答案很简单——努力。
英语修辞学笔记整理
英语修辞学Ⅰ. Phonetic figure of speech 语音修辞1.Alliteration 押头韵Bread not bombs.Cut crimes with jobs not jails.Time and tide waits for no man.2.Assonance 押元音Let us help you extend yourself.Could anything ever replace the taste of old grape and apple juice. Haste makes waste.Spend dime save your time.3.ConsonanceWomen don’t angonize,organize.Farms not arms.4.Aposiopesis 中间间断法Another step forward,you will…5.Pun 双关To Engla nd I will steal,and there I’ll steal.If we don’t hang together,we hang separately.On Sunday they pray for you,on Monday they prey on you.You earn your living.You urn your dead.Ⅱ.Syntactic figure of speech句法修辞1. Repetition 重复There is no,no,no,life.2. Anaphora 句首重复I want to know,I want to know who is the girl.3.Epiphora 句尾重复Reading makes a full man,conference a ready man and writing an exact man.4.Simploce 首尾重复Those who are toil to death,those who are worried to death,those who are bored to death.5.Parallelism 平行结构It was not anger,nor surprise,nor disapproval,nor horror,nor any of emotions that she has been prepared for.Kind hearts are the gardens,kind thoughts are the roots,kind words are the flowers,kind deeds are the fruits.6.Antithesis 对照It was the season of light,it was the season of darkness;it was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair.When poverty comes in at the door,love flies out of at the window.7.Climax 高潮I came，I saw, I conquer.I was born American,I live American,I shall die American.8.Anticlimax 反高潮突降法Where shall I find hope,happiness,friends,cigarette,burp.9.Syllepsis 一语双叙He lost his coat and temper.She opened the door and her heart to the homeless child.10.Zeugma 轭式修饰法To make flying more comfortable,we want to great lenghths and great widths.11.Chiasmus 交错排列法One should eat to live not live to eat.For my thoughts are not your thoughts,neither are your wise are my wise.12.Rhetorical question 反问If winter comes,can sping be far behind?Ⅲ.Semantic figure of speech语意修辞1. Simile 明喻As cool as cucumber (泰然自若)Like a hen on the griddleWhat A is to B,C is to D.A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears.Love and cough can not be hid.2. Metaphor 暗喻The world is a stage.All the world’s a stage,and all the men and women merely players. Money is a bottomless sea,in which honour,conscience and truth may be drowed.Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.Books are the ever-burning lamps and wisdom.3.Personification 拟人Australia is so kind,just trickle her with a hoe and she laughs with a harvest.Laziness travels so slowly.4.Metonymy 转喻To read a Shakespeare or a Mark Twain is to eat a food full of protein. Without sweat,without bread.A hundred bayonet were marching.5.Synecdoche 提喻The farm is short of hands.There are hundreds of sails in the harbor.The prisoner is in irons.The poor man had six mouths to feed.China beat Japan at volleyball.6.Euphemism 委婉语His wife is expecting another child.7.Parody 仿写I had no outlook but an uplook rather.My place in society was at bottom.8.Synesthesia 共感The rooms on the first floor are cold color.9.Transfered epithet 移就I speak to him in hesitant French.A sleepless nightA happy dayⅣ.Logical figure of speech逻辑修辞1. Allusion 引喻He met his Waterloo in 1940s.2. Hyperbole 夸张I was destroyed fatigue.3.Irony 讽刺We’re luck it’s the other side on the 13th of December.That makes us feel real good.For instance the nuns who never take a bath without a bathrobe all the time,when asked why,since no man can see them they reply“Oh,but you forget the good God.”4.Oxymoron 矛盾修饰Bitter sweatVictorious defeatTrue lieLoyal deceitTearful joy5.Paradox 自相矛盾A strong man knows his weakness.6.Overstatement 高调论述Bob loves running risks,and he once dived from the overhanging cliff ,often thousand feet high into the sea.7.Understatement 低调论述He is no fool.That civil servant was not without ambition.。
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳修辞是语言使用中的重要技巧，通过巧妙运用各种修辞手法，能使语言表达更为生动、有力或富有韵味。
以下是对常见的高级英语修辞手法的总结归纳：一、隐喻与明喻隐喻是将一个词或短语用来暗示另一个事物，而明喻则是直接将一个事物与另一个事物进行比较。
例如，“他像一只狮子一样勇猛”（明喻）和“爱情是一座城堡”（隐喻）。
二、拟人及拟物拟人是赋予非生物或抽象事物以人的特性，而拟物则是赋予人或动物以非生物的特性。
例如，“河流唱着轻快的歌曲”（拟人）和“他的怒火如野兽般狂暴”（拟物）。
三、排比与对偶排比是将三个或以上结构相似、意义相近的词、短语或句子并列使用，以增强语势。
对偶则是将意义相对或相反的词、短语或句子进行对比，以突出主题。
例如，“生命在于运动，死亡在于静止”（对偶）和“他跨越了山岭，穿越了沙漠，走过了平原”（排比）。
四、反复与交错反复是将相同的词、短语或句子重复使用，以强调某种情感或主题。
交错则是将不同的词、短语或句子相互交替使用，以达到特定的表达效果。
例如，“永远、永远、永远不要放弃”（反复）和“是与否，对与错”（交错）。
五、借代与提喻借代是用一个事物的某一部分来代替整体或其他部分，而提喻则是用整体来代替某一部分或用类属来代替个体。
例如，“我要用笔墨写下永恒”（借代）和“人是一本书”（提喻）。
六、反讽与戏谑反讽是通过说反话或正话反说来达到讽刺的效果，戏谑则是用幽默诙谐的语言来戏弄或嘲笑某人或某事。
例如，“他是一个天生的傻瓜”（反讽）和“爱情是人生的蜜糖”（戏谑）。
七、矛盾修辞法矛盾修辞法是将相互矛盾的概念或形象结合在一起，以引起读者的思考或表达复杂的情感。
例如，“孤独的狂欢”，“死亡的生命”。
八、头韵与脚韵头韵是使用相同或相似的音韵开头，脚韵是使用相同或相似的音韵结尾。
例如，“美丽的美女”（头韵）和“生活是一首歌”（脚韵）。
九、夸张与弱化夸张是通过夸大事实或形象来强调某种情感或主题，弱化则是通过缩小事实或形象来淡化某种情感或主题。
英语修辞手法总结资料讲解
英语修辞手法总结资料讲解英语修辞手法总结chapter seven figures of speech(I)修辞手法resemblance (or relationship)（相似）I.simile: 明喻1.difinition: A simile is a figure of speech in which two quite different things are compared because they appear to be similar in at least one characteristic. Simile is introduced by “like” or “as”for example:1). Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt … .(Francis Bacon)2). I know it helped put me at ease when I felt like the new kid at school at my first ecomonic summit in Ottawa in 1981 (Ronal Reagan)3). New China is like a red sun rising in the east. ( Edgar Snow)4). It is with words as with sunbeams-----the more they are condensed, the deeper they burn.阳光浓缩5). She spoke hurriedly, as if her heart had leaped into her throat at the boy’s words.(Thomas Hardy)In a simile there is uaually at least one similarity between the two things compared. But sometimes, the similarity may not be mentined, this kind of simile is called OPEN SIMILE.eg, The man is like a pig. But we can see another way of simile. The similarities are shown directly and specifically. This simile is called CLOSED SIMILE.eg. The man is as fast as a pig.2. function : simile owns a great effect on rhetorical functions,especially when it is used to describe or illustrated more vivid and some sophisticated theoretical ideas easier to understand.For example:1)Mother was short and plump and pretty. Her eyes were blue, and her brown hairwas like a bird’s smooth wings….2)The mothers stayed back in the kitchen washing and drying, putting things away,recrossing their traceless footsteps like the life time journeys of bees, measuring out the dry cocoa for breakfast3)He was ten feet long, thin as a curve, a muscled ribbon, brown as fruit-wood,soft-furred, alert. His face was fierce, small and pointed as a lizard’s; he would have made a good arrowhead. There was just a dot of chin, maybe two brown hairs’s width, and that the pure white fur began that spread down his underside. He had two black eyes I didn’t see any more than you see a widow. ( Annie Dillard’s weasel)4)Habit may be likenned to a cable;every day we weave a thread, and soon wecannot break it.5)Rise like lions after slumber 像雄师般奋起反抗In unvanquishable number---- - 亿万成群不可挡----Shake your chains to earth like dew 睡梦中锁链套身上----Which in sleep had fallen on you---- 摔掉它，化为灰烬You are many-----they are few. 他们一小撮，你们千万人（Percy Bysshy Shelley）6)The man who has not anything to boast of, but his illustrious ancestors, is like apotato----the only good belonging to him is under ground.(Overbury) (一个人如果只有以他的功勋卓著的先祖为自豪，而再没有什么可以值得自夸的话，那他就像个土豆，因为他唯一的好处只能是深埋于泥土中。
英语修辞课堂笔记
英语修辞课堂笔记美学修辞(Aesthetic rhetoric)1.Simile(明喻) is a figure of speech in which two quite different things arecompared because they appear to be similar in at least one characteristic. It’s a rule that simile is introduced by “as” , “like” , “as though” .2.Simile’s classification① Illustrative similee.g. Beauty is like summer, it’s easy to pass.② descriptive similee.g. When he first came to the company, he was like a new kid at school.③ illuminative similee.g. He is a myth. As it were, he returns from the dead.④ open similee.g. He is like a pig.3.MetaphorMetaphor(隐喻) is a comparison that shows how two things that are not alike in most ways are similar in one important way.① A metaphor is the expression of an understanding of noe conceptin terms of another concept.e.g. Your insincere apology just added fuel to fire.② A metaphor is the understanding itself of one concept in terms ofanother.Convertional metaphor is a metaphor in a culture to give structureto some portion of that culture’s conceptional system.e.g. It’s time to get on with your life.③ Ontological存在论的metaphor is a metaphor in which an abstraction. Such as an activity, emotion, or idea is represented as something concrete.具体有形Such as an object, substance, container or person.e.g. He gets a lot of satisfaction from teaching.④ Orientational metaphor is a metaphor in which concept are spatially related to each other.4.AnalogyAnalogy(类比) is the comparison of two pairs have the same relationship.Verbal symbol is a figure of speech in which an object animate of inanimate represents or stands for something else.dove --- peace rose --- loveforget-me-not --- true love white lily --- purity5.MetonymyMetonymy(转喻) is broadly defined a trope in which one entity is used to stand for another assiciated entity, more specifically, a replacive relationship that is the basis for number of conventional metonymic expressions occurring in ordinary language.6.Synecdoche 提喻Synecdoche is a figure in which one of the following (or its reverse) is expressedA part stands for a wholeAn individual stands for a classA material stands for a thinge.g. The boss employed six handsIn this smiling year, they came.He has a smooth tongue.There is a mixture of tiger and ape in the characters of the Frenchman.7.Empathy 移情(中国的移就)The attribution of one’s own feeling to an objecte.g. The windows of that building look sadly at the street.8. SynaesthesiaSynaesthesia is a sensation produced in one modality when a stimulus is applied to another modality, as when the hearing of a certain sound indnaes the visualization of a certain color.(联觉)9.Transferred epithet 转类Transferred epithet is a figure of speech where an epithet is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does not really belong.dry humor 冷笑话 / wet concept 错误的概念10.HypallageHypallage is an interchange of two elements in a phrase or a sentence from a more logical to a less logical relationship or from a right or sensible expression to a wrong or absurd one in order to achieve literally effects.e.g. Madame, I set your eyes before my woes.His coward胆小 lips did from their color罗马军队 fly.Lie me truth, and tell not.11.Personification 拟人Personification is giving human traits (qualities, feelings, action, or characteristics) to non-living objects.e.g. The sun is smiling.The branch beats his face.12.Periphrasis 迂回Periphrasis is the use of a longer phrasing in place of a possible shorter form of expression: a round about or indirect manner of writing or speaking. In literature it is sometimes used for comic effect.e.g. Fragrant beverage drawn from China’s herb. (tea)13.Understatement 低调陈述Understatement is a statement deliberately used to weaken the importance or value of something. The purpose is to make the statement sound ironical or more polite.e.g. I know little about running a company.(The man who are very successful in business will say like this) The grave is a very peaceful and private place.14.Euphemism 委婉语Euphemism is an expression intended by the speaker to be less offensive, disturbing, or troubling to the listener than the word or phrase it replace, or in the case of double speak to make it less troublesome for the speaker.①Traditional euphemism②Stylistic(praise) euphemism③Compounding 合词法④Acronym 首字组合⑤Backformation 反成法⑥Clipping 截短法⑦Phonetic distoration 改变读音e.g. ghost --- gosh⑧Rhyming slang / e.g. piss⑨Back slang / e.g. belly --- elly-bay 逆拼法⑩Punctuation 省略 / e.g. son of XXX⑪Synonyms / e.g. fat – stout - plump skinny – skim ⑫Borrowing 借词⑬Fuzzy words 模糊词语 / e.g. affairs⑭Nurseryism 儿语派(法) / e.g. pee-pee poo-poo⑮Negation unwise⑯Metaphoric transfer⑰Mytonymical transfer⑱Understatement / e.g. smelly = stinking 臭气熏天⑲Periphrasis 迂回 e.g. Would you please be kind enough to satisfy the need of the chair to embrace you? 请坐⑳Interpretation of initial 首字母曲解法e.g. He is in the shithouse . 做有趣的事情Where is the powder room? 女性问化妆间,厕所Dear John letter 绝交信I must go and pick flowers. 上厕所do NO.1 开大 / do NO.2 开小She has canceled all her social engagement. (1856) She is in an interesting condition. (1880)She is in a delicate condition. (1895)She is knitting a little bootee. (1910)She is in a family way. (1920)She is expecting. (1935)She is pregnant. (1956)fair weather friend 只共享福共不了患难的朋友/ snobbishMay I have your specimen? 样本(医)Euphemism was used in:①life , death, disease, age②poverty③sex④wars⑤physical phenomena⑥crime, juvenile delinquent⑦advertising⑧professions⑨teacher’s evaluative / low at his age(低矮)15.Hyperbole 夸张A hyperbole is a figure of speech which is deliberate exaggeration, which states things in false meaning. People do this to emphasize something or to achieve comic effect, to add adornment, exclamation, etc.16.Phonetic rhetoric deviceRhyme ①Alliteration 押头韵is the repletion of initial sounds in neighboring words.e.g. sweet smell of success / bigger and betterTwisters:Clever Clifford cutter clumsily closed the closet clasps.②assonance 谐韵,类韵Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in two or more stressed syllables(not consonant)e.g. fleet feet sweep by sleeping geeks③consonance 辅音(end rhyme)Consonance is the repetition of the same consonant or similar consonant sound in words stressed in the same place(but differ). Also, a kind of invented alliteration, in which final consonants rather than initial or middle ones, repeat in nearby words, especially at the end of stressed syllables without the similar correspondence of vowels.e.g. stoke and luck④onomatopeia 拟声法Onomatopoeia is a word that imitates the sound it represents.Translation:Tom Crowel, 84, the ice-cream tycoon whose voice ----a near – indescribable mix of grumble, mumble, rasp and gasp --- peddled his company’s wares in radio and TV ads for 35 years died in his sleep in Pine Plains, N.Y. Oct 21.17.IronyVerbal ironyDramatic ironySituational ironySocratic irony 苏格拉底式18．Pun 双关语Pun is the humorous use of a word or phrase so as to emphasize or suggested its different meanings or applications, or the use of words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different in meaning, a play of words.①homophonic pun 同音双关②paronomasia 近音双关，双关语③antanadasis 同词异义双关④eylleptic pun 一词多义双关⑤asteismus 歧解双关e.g. 1. An elevator makes ghosts happy because it lifts spirit.③2. Time flies like an arrow, fruit flies like a banana. ④3. A bicycle can’t stand on its own because it is two-tyred. ①4. When a clock is hungry it goes back four seconds. ①5. They pray for you on Sunday, and pray on you on Monday. ②6. Ask for me tomorrow, you’ll find me a grave man. ⑤⑤7. Learn some craft when young, when old you may live without craft.8. More sun and air for your son and heir.19. Syllepsis 一语双叙（一石双鸟）Syllepsis is a combination of grammatical parallelism and semantic incongruity, often with a witty or comical effect. It happens when a single word that governs or modifies two or more others must be understood differently with respect to each of those words.20.Antithesis 对仗（对偶）Antithesis is a figure of speech in which irreconcilable opposite or strongly contrasting ideas are placed in sharp just position and sustained tension. The opposing clauses, phases, or sentences are roughly equal in length and balanced in contiguous grammatical structures.e.g. I always lie.Eye it, try it, and buy it.21.Hierarchy①Hierarchies are constructed on the basis of numerous negative and commandments to the degree to which they are followed.②Though the hierarchic principle is inevitable, no particular hierarchy is evitable.③Hierarchies serve as motives as individual struggle to rise or maintain position insocio-cultural hierarchies.22.Perfection①Perfection perceived to be at the top of each hierarchy②Perfection serves as a motives driving entities toward the completeness of perfection.③Burke claimed that humans are rotten or corrupted with perfection(as even language has a quality of perfection) clichés 陈词滥调D.MysteryPhysical and experiential separation of individuals creates mystery in various ways.Occupational psychosisTerministic screenTrained capacityLogologyLogology is the study of theological terms for the insight they produce into languageRichard M.WeaverI.Key termsTyrannicing imagecenter of culture which represents the cultural ideal or vision of excellence for which a society strives and sees as perfectionLanguageprocess through which ultimate truth of metaphysical dream is conveyed to individuals of a culture.RhetoricTruth plus artful presentation(真理加艺术的表现)II.Human involvement in rhetoricBody Self-centered and pull the individual down for sensory satisfaction M Mind Rational - cognative facultySoul Emotional- aestheitc faculty – emotionsIII. Dialectic and rhetoric ---- reveals truth through language①Dialectic helps humans achieve the third level of knowledge(truth)②Rhetoric helps humans actualize the truth revealed through dialecticIV. Rhetorical embodiment of world view。
高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞整理
高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞整理
修辞（Rhetoric）是指修词造句的艺术，旨在使文章表达更加
生动、准确。
在英语写作中，修辞手法的运用可以为文本增添色彩
并强化文章逻辑。
以下是本文对高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞手
法的整理：
1. 比喻（Metaphor）：通过将两种不同的事物进行比较来强化
表达。
例：“你是我的太阳”（You are my sunshine）。
2. 拟人（Personification）：将非人事物拟人化，使其表现出人
类的特性。
例：“阳光明媚”（The sunshine smiled upon us）。
3. 讽刺（Irony）：用反语强调与实际相反的意思。
例：“我今
天看起来真好看，唯一的问题是我感冒了”（I look amazing today. The only problem is that I have a cold.）。
6. 借代（Metonymy）：用一个相关的单词或短语来替代原文，起到简洁的效果。
例：“冠军”（champion）代表整个团队获胜。
7. 倍受争议的说法（Euphemism）：用含蓄、委婉和微妙的词语或说法来表达直接或难以接受的事情。
例：“真是一个有趣的人”（He is quite a character）。
以上是高级英语第三版本册1-7课修辞手法整理，希望对大家的英语写作有所帮助。
英语写作中的修辞知识归纳
英语写作中的修辞知识归纳英语写作中的修辞知识归纳学英语写作中的修辞修辞手段一般主要用于文学性写作中。
但在大学英语的英文写作中有时也需要运用一定的具有英文特征的修辞手段，而且运用得好，会使语句生动从而增添语句亮点。
因此，掌握一些一般常用修辞手段对于实现语句亮点也是非常必要的。
对于大学英语写作来说，主要应该掌握以下修辞手段，又称语句辞格，包括结构辞格与语义辞格。
对比、排比、重复、倒装等为结构辞格，转义、双关、矛盾等则为语义辞格。
1、对比正反对比就是要巧妙地运用对称的英文句式来表达互为补充的意思，因此恰当地运用反义词语往往是必不可少的。
如果一旦所要表达的内容具有这种情况，就应尽力选用这种对称的句式并选用适当的反义词语来加强语句，实现语句的亮点。
1）如“很多人很快就会发现，他们在物质上是富裕了，精神上却很贫乏”，可以这样达：Many people will soon find themselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit.(注：句中rich in 与 ragged in, goods 与 spirit 具有正反对比的关系和效果。
）2）如“利远远大于弊”，可以这样表达：The advantages for outweigh the disadvantages.(注：句中 the advantages 与 the disadvantages 具有正反对比的关系和效果。
）3）如“他们注意到了这些说法中的一些道理，但他们却忽视了一个重要的事实”，可以这样表达：They have noticed a grain of truth in the statements, but have ignored a more important fact.(注：句中have noticed 与 have ignored, a grain of truth in the statements 与 a more important fact 具有正反对比的关系和效果。
英语修辞总结
英语修辞总结Figures of speech in English1．Simile is a figure of speech in which one thing is likened to(比作) another 明喻比喻词常见的有like, as, as…as…等。
…carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.…swept like a fresh wind through the schools……when Bryan swept t he political arena like a prairie fire.as fast as a hare, as stupid as a goose2．Metaphor is a an implied simile暗喻Then the court broke into a storm of applause…Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness….…main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart.The pupils took a leaf out of their teacher’s book.3．Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another借代/转喻But for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.The pen is mightier than the sword.The spectacle is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.. He has an eye for beauty/an ear for music/a smooth tongue/a sharp tongue.I’ve got five Shakespeares.He is driving a Ford.4．Rhetorical question反问句/修辞疑问句But can you doubt what our policy will be?Was I not at the scene of the crime?Can the leopard change its spots?O, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind?5．Antithesis is the setting of contrasting phrases or statements opposite each other for emphasis 对照意义相反或相对的词、短语、句子出现在对称的位置上。
(完整word版)英语修辞手法总结,推荐文档
英语修辞手法总结Figures of speech (修辞)are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Now we are going to talk about some common forms of figures of speech.1) Simile：(明喻）It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. For example, As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.2) Metaphor：(暗喻）It is like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather than stated. For example, the world is a stage.3) Analogy: (类比）It is also a form of comparison, but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance, analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have several common qualities or points of resemblance.4) Personification: (拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes(赋予) to inanimate(无生命的) objects, or to ideas and abstractions(抽象). For example, the wind whistled through the trees.5) Hyperbole: (夸张）： It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis. For instance, he almost died laughing.6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately(故意地) understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement. For instance, It is no laughing matter.7) Euphemism: (委婉）It is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive(无冒犯) expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. For instance, we refer to "die" as” pass away".8) Metonymy (转喻）It is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. For instance, the pen (words) is mightier than the sword (forces).9) Synecdoche (提喻）It is involves the substitution of the part for the whole, or the whole for the part. For instance, they say there's bread and work for all. She was dressed in silks.10) Antonomasia (换喻）It has also to do with substitution. It is not often mentioned now, though it is still in frequent use. For example, Solomon for a wise man. Daniel for a wise and fair judge. Judas for a traitor.11) Pun: (双关语）It is a play on words, or rather a play on the form and meaning of words. For instance, a cannon-ball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (Here "arms" has two meanings: a person's body; weapons carried by a soldier.)12) Solipsism: (一语双叙）It has two connotations. In the first case, it is a figure by which a word, or a particular form or inflection of a word, refers to two or more words in the same sentence, while properly applying to or agreeing with only on of them in grammar or syntax(句法). For example, He addressed you and me, and desired us to follow him. (Here we are used to refer to you and me.)In the second case, it a word may refer to two or more words in the same sentence. For example, while he was fighting, and losing limb and mind, and dying, others stayed behind to pursue education and career. (Here to losing one's limbs in literal; to lose one's mind is figurative, and means to go mad.)13) Zeugma: (轭式搭配）It is a single word which is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence, wither properly applying in sense to only one of them, or applying to them in different senses. For example, the sun shall not burn you by day or the moon by night. (Here noon is not strong enough to burn)14) Irony: (反语）It is a figure of speech that achieves emphasis by saying the opposite of what is meant, the intended meaning of the words being the opposite of their usual sense. For instance, we are lucky, what you said makes me feel real good. 15) Innuendo: (暗讽）It is a mild form of irony, hinting in a rather roundabout (曲折)way at something disparaging(不一致) or uncomplimentary(不赞美) to the person or subject mentioned. For example, the weatherman said it would be worm. He must take his readings in a bathroom.16) Sarcasm: (讽刺）It Sarcasm is a strong form of irony. It attacks in a taunting and bitter manner, and its aim is to disparage, ridicule and wound the feelings of the subject attacked. For example, laws are like cobwebs, which may catch small flies, but let wasps break through.17) Paradox: (似非而是的隽语）It is a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictory, absurd or contrary toestablished fact or practice, but which onfurther thinking and study may prove to be true, well-founded, and even to contain a succinct point. For example more haste, less speed.18) Oxymoron: (矛盾修饰）It is a compressed paradox, formed by the conjoining(结合) of two contrasting, contradictory or incongruous(不协调) terms as in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos(混乱) and proud humility(侮辱).19) Antithesis: (对照）It is the deliberate arrangement of contrasting words or ideas in balanced structural forms to achieve emphasis. For example, speech is silver; silence is golden.20) Epigram: (警句）It states a simple truth pithily(有利地) and pungently(强烈地). It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling. For instance, Few, save the poor, feel for the poor.21) Climax: (渐进）It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly. For example, I came, I saw, I conquered.22) Anti-climax or bathos: (突降） It is the opposite of Climax. It involves stating one's thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity, from strong to weak, from weighty to light or frivolous. For instance, But thousands die, without or this or that, die, and endow(赋予) a college, or a cat.23) Apostrophe：(顿呼）In this figure of speech, a thing, place, idea or person (dead or absent) is addressed as if present, listening and understanding what is being said.For instance, England! awake! awake! awake!24) Transferred Epithet: (转类形容词）It is a figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify(修饰) to another to which it does not really apply or belong. For instance, I spent sleepless nights on my project.25) Alliteration: (头韵）It has to do with the sound rather than the sense of words for effect. It is a device that repeats the same sound at frequent intervals(间隔) and since the sound repeated is usually the initial consonant sound, it is also called "front rhyme". For instance, the fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, the furrow followed free.26) Onomatopoeia: (拟声）It is a device that uses words which imitate the sounds made by an object (animate or inanimate), or which are associated with or suggestive(提示的) of some action or movement。
大学 英语修辞整理及例子
1.Alliteration 头韵heart,home2.Assonance 元韵late,make“The rain in spain falls mainly in the plain.”The kind guide said aside he would chop the way for us.好心的导游在一旁说他将替我们开路。
3.Consonance 辅韵They left half a loaf in the safe.4.Onomatopoeia 拟声The stream murmurs through the woods.5.Aposiopesis [æ'pəʊsaɪəʊpi:sɪs] 说话中断法，跳脱“You’d better do this or else…”6.Apostrophe 呼语Captain!my captain!rise up and hear the bells:7.Pun 双关ball:(1)any round or spherical object (2)a formal social dance8.Repetition 重复The rain pours and pours.9.Anaphora 首语重复法Light come, light go.10.Epiphora 句末重复法Waste not,want not.11.Simploce首结语重复法This is the world’s fight, This is civilization’s fight.12.anadiplosis 顶针With Bewick on my knee,I was then happy:happy at least in my way.13.Parallelism 平行结构The young actor was tall,dark,and handsome.14.Antithesis 对偶Marriage is easy,housekeepin g is hard.15.Climax 层进法We want peace,we want freedom,we want a better life.16.Anticlimax 突降法Where shall I find hope, happiness ,friends, cigarettes?17.Syllepsis 一语双叙He lost his coat and his temper.18.Zeugma 轭式修辞法We ate a bun and a glass of milk.19.Chiasmus 回文One should eat to live,not live to eat.20.Asyndeton 连词省略法Nothing is insider them, they were sealed up before the creation of pestilence.21.Polysyndeton 连词叠用法I am a soul，or a body, a mind.22.Rhetorical question 反问Isn’t it the best choice?23.Simile 明喻Time flies like an arrow.24.Metaphor 暗喻You are my sunshine.25.Metonymy 借喻He has a good ear for music.26.Synecdoche 提喻He paid the workers $5 per head.27.Antonomasia换称He is modern Hitler---a tyrant.Jack is Michael Jordan on our basketball team.28.Personification 拟人The bird is singing joyfully.29.Parody 仿拟I had no outlook,but an uplook rather.30.Synesthesia 通感The music breathing from her face.31.Transferred epithet 移情a sleepless bed32.. understatement 轻描淡写，低调陈述1.AUTHOR &WORKS1>William Faulkner is the author of ______.A. Far From the Madding CrowdB. Sound and FuryC. For Whom the Bell TollsD. Scarlet LetterKey B2>The Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by _____.A. Jack LondonB. Charles DickensC. Samuel ColeridgeD. Ernest HemingwayKey: D3>James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT ______.A. DublinersB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManC. Jude the ObscureD. UlyssesKey: C4>Which of the following is NOT a poem by Emily Dickinson?A. This is my letter to the world.B. / heard a fly buzz —when I died.C. This is just to say.D. Because I could not stop for death. Key: C (William Carlos Williams)5>Francis Bacon' s _____ is a great essay on education.A. The Advancement of LearningB. The Importance of Being EarnestC. The New AtlanticD. The Learned Reading upon the Statute of UsesKey: A6>William Makepeace Thackeray' s most famous work is ______.A. The School for ScandalB. Past and PresentC. Major BarbaraD. Vanity FairKey: D7>Which of the following poems is NOT written by George Gordon Byron?A. She Walks in Beauty.B. The Solitary Reaper.C. When We Two Parted.D. Childe Harold' s Pilgrimage.Key: B8> William Golding' s first and most well-known novel is ______.A. Coral IslandB. Lord of the FliesC. Treasure IslandD. The Brass ButterflyKey: B9> Moby Dick is the most important work by ______.A. Jack LondonB. Herman MelvilleC. Sinclair LewisD. Ralph EllisonKey: B10>Stephen Crane is famous for ______.A. An American TragedyB. The AmbassadorsC. Main StreetD. The Red Badge of Courage Key: D11>Robert Frost is a famous _____.A. novelistB. playwrightC. poetD. literary criticKey: C12>Eugene 0' Neil is an American ______.A. novelistB. playwrightC. poetD. essayist KEY:B13>_____ is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, and his representative works are plays inspired by social criticism.A. Richard SheridanB. Oliver GoldsmithC. Oscar WildeD. Bernard ShawKEY:D14>Who is the only woman writer that has won both Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize?A. Pearl Buck.B. Virginia Woolf.C. Tony Morrison.D. Katharine Mansfield.KEY: A15> ______ is NOT among the postwar poets in modem American literature.A. Robert LowellB. Gary SynderC. Alien GinsbergD. e. e. cummingsKEY: D16>Shylock is a character in ______.A. The Merchant of VeniceB. The Twelfth NightC. The Winter's TaleD. MacbethKEY: A17>This line "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?' is quoted from ______.A. Don Juan.B. Kubla KhanC. To AutumnD. Ode to the West Wind KEY: D18>The sentence "Shall I compare thee to a summer' s day" is quoted from Shakespeare' s ______.A. comediesB. tragediesC. historiesD. sonnetsKEY : D19>"Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by ______.A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe ShelleyKEY: A19>"Beauty is truth, truth beauty" is an epigrammatic line by ______.A. John KeatsB. William BlakeC. William WordsworthD. Percy Bysshe Shelley KEY: A20>Tess is a character created by ______.A. D. H. LawrenceB. James JoyceC. Thomas HardyD. Dylan Thomas Key: C21>As a literary figure, Heathcliff appears in ______.A. Jane EyreB. Oliver TwistC. Wuthering HeightsD. Middlemarch Key: C22>Emily Grierson is a literary figure created by ______.A. Willa GatherB. Doris LessingC. William FaulknerD. Nathaniel Hawthorn Key: C23> Mr. Micawber in David Copperfield and Sam Well in Pickwick Papers are perhaps the best ______ characters created by Charles Dickens.A. comicB. tragicC. roundD. sophisticated Key: A24> Mr. Darcy is a character in ______.A. Tess of the D' UrhervillesB. Pride and PrejudiceC. Happy PrinceD. The Mill on the Floss Key: B25> The image of the famous "henpecked husband" is created by______.A. Washington IrvingB. Fennimore CooperC. Edith WhartonD. William Dean Howells Key: A26> ______ is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. RomanceB. NovelC. SonnetD. Drama Key: A27> ______ was the most important person of the transcendental club.A. HawthornB. WhitmanC. EmersonD. Thoreau Key: C28> The literary spokesman of the Jazz is often thought to be _____.A. O'NeilB. PoundC. Robert FrostD. Scott Fitzgerald Key: D29>Together with Lawrence and Joyce, ______ is considered one of the three giants of the modern English novel and a master of English prose.A. Henry JamesB. Joseph ConradC. E. M. ForsterD. Aldous Huxley Key: B30>_____,the author of The Interpretation of Dreams has great impact on literary creation and criticism.A. Carl JungB. Jean-Paul SartreC. Friedrich Wilhelm NietzscheD. Sigmund Freud Key: D31> Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Modernism?A.To elevate the individual and inner being over the social being.B. To put the stress on traditional values.C.To portray the distorted and alienated relationships between man and his environment.D.To advocate a conscious break with the past. Key: B32>Whitman's poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT _____.A. a strict poetic formB. a simple and conversational languageC. a free and natural rhythmic patternD. an easy flow of feelings Key: A33> Who initiated the name of the Lost Generation?A. Hemingway.B. Fitzgerald.C. Gertrude Stein.D. William Faulkner. Key: C34> The high tide of Romanticism in American literature occurred around ______.A. 1820B. 1850C. 1880D. 1920 Key: A35> The success of Jane Eyre is partly due to its introduction to the English novel the first _____ heroine.A. explorerB. peasantC. workerD. governess Key: D36> _____ is the representative work of the Beat Generation.A. The Great GatsbyB. On the RoadC. Look Back in AngerD. The Sun Also Rises Key: B37>The most significant idea of the Renaissance is ______.A. humanismB. realismC. naturalismD. skepticism Key: A38>The title of Thackeray's "Vanity Fair" is taken from __A. The Holy BibleB. The Faerie QueenC.The Pilgrim's ProgressD. Paradise Lost Key: C39>Who is considered the father of American poetry?A. Philip Freneau.B. William Cullen Bryant.C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.D. Henry David Thoreau.Key: A ( The Wild Honey Suckle)40>Iceberg Theory is a writing principle proposed and closely followedby_______.A. Jack LondonB. Sinclair LewisC. William FaulknerD. Earnest Hemingway Key: D41> _____ is featured by black humor.A. CaricatureB. Catch-22C. The Catcher in the RyeD. Death of a Salesman Key: B42>______ has won the Pulitzer Prize four times and Nobel Prize.A. Ernest HemingwayB. John SteinbeckC. Eugene 0' NeilD. William Faulkner Key: C43> ______ is known as "the poet' s poet".A. ShakespeareB. MarloweC. SpenserD. Donne Key: C44> Robert Burns is a poet from ______.A. EnglandB. New EnglandC. IrelandD. Scotland Key: D45>Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between _____ and _____ centuries.A. 14th/mid-17thB. 14th/mid-18thC. 16th/mid-18thD. 16th/mid-17th Key: A46>O Captain! My Captain! was written in memory of _____.A. Walt WhitmanB. Benjamin FranklinC. Abraham LincolnD. Martin Luther King Key: C47>The first book of the Old Testament is called ______.A. ExodusB. NumbersC. LeviticusD. Genesis Key: D48>William Blake' s The Tiger is collected in ______.A. Songs of InnocenceB. Songs of ExperienceC. Marriage of Heaven and HellD. Poetical Sketches Key: B49>Who is the father of English poetry?A. Shakespeare.B. Edmund Spencer.C. John Milton.D. Geoffrey Chaucer. Key: D50>The 1954 Nobel Prize for literature was awarded to _____ for his "mastery of the art of modem narration".A.William FaulknerB. John SteinbeckC. Saul BellowD. Ernest Hemingway Key: D51>It is generally regarded that Keats’s most important and mature poems are in the form of___.A. odeB. elegyC. epicD. sonnet Key: A52> 0. Henry earned his fame mainly for his _____.A. novelsB. poemsC. short storiesD. dramas Key: C53> Works by ______ are characterized by stream-of-consciousness.A. George EliotB. Jane AustenC. Emily BronteD. Virginia Woolf Key: D54>Who of the followings is a playwright of the "theater of absurd" ?A.John Osborn.B. Wystan Hugh Auden.C. Bernard Shaw.D. Samuel Beckett. Key: D55>In the works of such aesthetics, as ______ and Walter Pater, the theory of "art for art' s sake" is advocated.A. Oscar WildeB. Mrs. GaskellC. Alexander PopeD. Charles Lamb Key: A56>The Romantic Age in England came to an end with the death of______.A. Jane AustinB. Walter ScottC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. William Wordsworth Key: B57>The Victorian Age was largely an age of ______, eminently represented by Dickens and Thackeray.A. pessimismB. naturalismC. modernismD. critical realism Key: D58>In which novel can "Yahoo" be found?A. John Bunyan' s Pilgrim' s Progress.B.Edmund Spencer’s The Faerie Queen.C. Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.D. Henry Fielding' s Tom Jones.Key: C (Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Laputa, Yahoo)59>The Bronte Sisters published the following famous novels EXCEPT ______.A. The Tenant of Wildfell HallB. Jane EyreC. Wuthering HeightsD. Agnes Grey Key: A60>Beowulf narrates a story taking place in _____.A. the MediterraneanB. Northern EuropeC. EnglandD. Scandinavia Key: D1.The national epic of the Anglo-Saxons is ____.A . Robin Hood B. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC. The Canterbury TalesD. Beowulf2. ____was the most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend written in alliterative verse.A. The Canterbury TalesB. Piers the PlowmanC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. Beowulf3. Most of the ballads of the 5th century focused on the legend about____ as a heroic figure.A. Green NightsB. GawainC. Robin HoodD. Hamlet4.In the 16th century, Thomas More’s work ____became immediately popular after its publication.A. Paradise LostB. A Pleasant Satire of the Three EstatesC. Of BeautyD. Utopia5. ____was Edmund Spencer’s masterpiece which has been regarded as one of the great poems in the English language.A. AmorettiB. The Shepherd’s CalendarC. The Faerie QueenD. Four Hymns6. ____ is from Shakespeare’s sonnet No.18.A. “Let me not to the marriage of true minds”B. “To be or not to be: that is the question”C. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day”D. “No longer mourn for me when I am dead”7. The vivid portrayal of ____ by Shakespeare in Henry IV has earned for him an enviable place in the history of English literature.A . Julius Caesar B. Falstaff C. Hamlet D. King Henry8.The four great tragedies written by Shakespeare are Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello and ____.A. Antony and CleopatraB. Julius CaesarC. Twelfth NightD. King Lear9. Which of the following does not belong to Shakespeare’s romantic love comedies?A. Twelfth NightB. The TempestC. As You Like ItD. The Merchant of Venice10.The hero who has fallen a victim to his own ambition must be ______.A. HamletB. OthelloC. King LearD. Macbeth11. ______ is acclaimed as “the poets‘poet”,A. ShakespeareB. SpenserC. KeatsD. Chaucer12. The allusion “A Pound of Flesh”comes from Shakespeare‘s ______.A. HamletB. The Merchant of VeniceC. King LearD. Othello13. At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries ______ appeared in England as a new trend in literature.A. RenaissanceB. ReformationC. RomanticismD. Sentimentalism14. Of studies was written by ______.A. John Bunyan.B. John Donne.C. Francis Bacon.D. William Blake.15. Which of the following is the highest form of literary expression?A. Prose.B. Poetry.C. Novel.D. Speech.16. The 18th century in English literature is an age of ______.A. novelB. poemC. proseD. play17. Which of the following work tells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were driven out of Eden?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise Regained.C. L' ALLegro.D. Lycidas.18. Who is the creator and a great master of the historical novel?A. John Keats.B. Walter Scott.C. Jane Austen.D. Charles Lamb.19. Bunyan‘s most important work is ______, written in theold-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.A. The FootprintB. On His BlindnessC. Vanity FairD. The Pilgrim's Progress20. Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England early in the latter half the ______ century.A. 16thB. 17thC. 18thD. 19th21. The novel Oliver Twist was written by ______.A. Jane AustenB. John Keats C . Charles Dickens D. George Eliot22. In Anglo-Saxon period, “Beowulf”represented the ______poetry.A. paganB. religionsC. romanticD. sentimental23. The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama. It was ______who made blank verse the principal vehicle of expression in drama.A. Christopher MarloweB. Thomas LodgeC. Edmund SpenserD. Thomas More24. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist______wrote his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people‘s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.A. Thomas MoreB. Thomas MarloweC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare25. Of the following plays ______ is not a comedy.A. A Midsummer Night‘s DreamB. The Merchant of V eniceC. Twelfth NightD. Romeo and Juliet26. The first poem in The lyrical Ballads is Coleridge‘s masterpieceA. Kubla KhanB. The PreludeC. The Rime of Ancient MarinerD. Tintern Abbey27.Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of the novel______.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. Great ExpectationsC. Hard TimesD. David Copperfield28. Chaucer was the first important poet of a royal court to write in ______ after the Norman Conquest.A. FrenchB. LatinC. EnglishD. Greek29. Beowulf was written in ______.A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Early Modem EnglishD. French30. The English Renaissance period was an age of______.A. drama and novelB. poetry and dramaC. novel and poetryD. romance and poetry1---5 D C C D C 6-10 C B D B D11-15 B B C C B 16-20 C A B D C21-25 C A A A D 26-30 C A C A B。
英语修辞手法总结归纳
英语修辞手法总结归纳英语修辞手法总结归纳：明喻、转喻、提喻、隐喻、拟人、拟声、夸张、双关、讽刺、联觉、头韵、委婉、修辞反问、隽语、对照、渐进法、渐降法、引用、叠言、仿拟、排比、寓言。
一、明喻（Simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though,seem,similar to, such as等，Eg：1. This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
二、隐喻（Metaphor）这种比喻不通过比喻词进行，而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
Eg：1、He is a pig.他简直是头猪。
（比喻：他是一个像猪一般的人，指肮脏，贪吃的人。
）三、提喻（Synecdoche）提喻大致归纳为四种情况：a.部分和全体互代；b.以材料代替事物；c.抽象和具体互代；d.以个体代替整个类。
Eg：1. Have you any coppers? 你有钱吗？（以材料代事物，即以copper铜喻指coin money铜币）四、拟人（Personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.Eg:I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）我很高兴，也能听到鸟儿在树林里唱歌。
五、夸张（Hyperbole）这是运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果，也就是夸张化。
Eg:1.My blood froze.我的血液都凝固了。
六、转喻(Metonymy)是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。
英语修辞法梳理
1. 比喻(metaphor)比喻就是打比方。
可分为明喻和暗喻：明喻(simile)：A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared. 明喻：一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较.用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。
例如：“How like the winter hath my absence been”or “So are you to my thoughts as food to life” (Shakespeare). 如“我的离开好象是冬天来临” 或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要” （莎士比亚）O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。
The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。
他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。
Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。
暗喻(metaphor)：缩写met.，metaph. A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。
例如：He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。
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英语修辞学
Ⅰ. Phonetic figure of speech 语音修辞
1.Alliteration 押头韵
Bread not bombs.
Cut crimes with jobs not jails.
Time and tide waits for no man.
2.Assonance 押元音
Let us help you extend yourself.
Could anything ever replace the taste of old grape and apple juice. Haste makes waste.
Spend dime save your time.
3.Consonance
Women don’t angonize,organize.
Farms not arms.
4.Aposiopesis 中间间断法
Another step forward,you will…
5.Pun 双关
To Engla nd I will steal,and there I’ll steal.
If we don’t hang together,we hang separately.
On Sunday they pray for you,on Monday they prey on you.
You earn your living.You urn your dead.
Ⅱ.Syntactic figure of speech句法修辞
1. Repetition 重复
There is no,no,no,life.
2. Anaphora 句首重复
I want to know,I want to know who is the girl.
3.Epiphora 句尾重复
Reading makes a full man,conference a ready man and writing an exact man.
4.Simploce 首尾重复
Those who are toil to death,those who are worried to death,those who are bored to death.
5.Parallelism 平行结构
It was not anger,nor surprise,nor disapproval,nor horror,nor any of emotions that she has been prepared for.
Kind hearts are the gardens,kind thoughts are the roots,kind words are the flowers,kind deeds are the fruits.
6.Antithesis 对照
It was the season of light,it was the season of darkness;it was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair.
When poverty comes in at the door,love flies out of at the window.
7.Climax 高潮
I came，I saw, I conquer.
I was born American,I live American,I shall die American.
8.Anticlimax 反高潮突降法
Where shall I find hope,happiness,friends,cigarette,burp.
9.Syllepsis 一语双叙
He lost his coat and temper.
She opened the door and her heart to the homeless child.
10.Zeugma 轭式修饰法
To make flying more comfortable,we want to great lenghths and great widths.
11.Chiasmus 交错排列法
One should eat to live not live to eat.
For my thoughts are not your thoughts,neither are your wise are my wise.
12.Rhetorical question 反问
If winter comes,can sping be far behind?
Ⅲ.Semantic figure of speech语意修辞
1. Simile 明喻
As cool as cucumber (泰然自若)
Like a hen on the griddle
What A is to B,C is to D.
A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears.
Love and cough can not be hid.
2. Metaphor 暗喻
The world is a stage.
All the world’s a stage,and all the men and women merely players. Money is a bottomless sea,in which honour,conscience and truth may be drowed.
Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.
Books are the ever-burning lamps and wisdom.
3.Personification 拟人
Australia is so kind,just trickle her with a hoe and she laughs with a harvest.
Laziness travels so slowly.
4.Metonymy 转喻
To read a Shakespeare or a Mark Twain is to eat a food full of protein. Without sweat,without bread.
A hundred bayonet were marching.
5.Synecdoche 提喻
The farm is short of hands.
There are hundreds of sails in the harbor.
The prisoner is in irons.
The poor man had six mouths to feed.
China beat Japan at volleyball.
6.Euphemism 委婉语
His wife is expecting another child.
7.Parody 仿写
I had no outlook but an uplook rather.My place in society was at bottom.
8.Synesthesia 共感
The rooms on the first floor are cold color.
9.Transfered epithet 移就
I speak to him in hesitant French.
A sleepless night
A happy day
Ⅳ.Logical figure of speech逻辑修辞
1. Allusion 引喻
He met his Waterloo in 1940s.
2. Hyperbole 夸张
I was destroyed fatigue.
3.Irony 讽刺
We’re luck it’s the other side on the 13th of December.That makes us feel real good.
For instance the nuns who never take a bath without a bathrobe all the time,when asked why,since no man can see them they reply“Oh,but you forget the good God.”
4.Oxymoron 矛盾修饰
Bitter sweat
Victorious defeat
True lie
Loyal deceit
Tearful joy
5.Paradox 自相矛盾
A strong man knows his weakness.
6.Overstatement 高调论述
Bob loves running risks,and he once dived from the overhanging cliff ,often thousand feet high into the sea.
7.Understatement 低调论述
He is no fool.
That civil servant was not without ambition.。