现在完成时课件(上课用)

be back
be away (from) be open/ be closed be on be over
be dead
have a cold
be interested in
be married
瞬间性动词 put on get up wake up fall asleep join arrive/reach
stopped finished shopped repaired
owned
learn learned
• • • • • • • •
规则动词的过去分词的变化规律 1 一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： work ---worked play---played want----wanted act----acted 2、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： live---lived move----moved taste---tasted hope---hoped 3、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed， 如： • study---studied copy---copied • cry---cried carry---carried • 4、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾 辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stop ---stopped
词组 从句(一般过去时)
Eg. I have been here since 2000.
I have been here since 5 years ago.
I have been here since I graduated in 2000.
注2): 对for或since引导的时间状 语提问 必须用how long, 决不能 用when. Eg. I have lived here for 10 years. How long have you lived here? She has stood here since 2 hour ago. How long has she stood here?
I. 写出下列动词的过去分词形式. Woken taught 1. wake ______ 2. teach ______ Sold seen 3. sell ________ 4. see ________ Ridden paid 5. ride _______ 6. pay _____ 7. choose Chosen ______ 8. throw _____ thrown Thought eaten 9. think _______ 10. eat _____ 11. drive Driven ______ 12. catch ______ caught Brought broken 13. bring ______ 14. break ______ Given gotten 15. give _______ 16. get _________ opened 17. know Known _______ 18. open _______ 19. write Written _______ 20. forget forgotten ________
延续性动词 wear/ be on
be up be awake be asleep
be in=be a member of
be in/at
练习
• 判断：他到达车站半个小时了 • He has arrived at the station for half an hour( )
He has been at the station for half an hour .or He arrived at the station half an hour ago He _______the League since two years ago
注 3): 短暂性动词不能和 for 或 since 引 导的时间状语连用 , 当然也不能用于 how long引导的问句中. Eg.(误)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I have been away there for 5 years.
※短暂性动词与 延续动词间的转 换
(定义二) 表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现 在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通 常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.
1.for + 一段时间 Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. He’s studied English for 3 years.
2. since + (表示过去某一时间的)时间点
短暂性动词 become finish return go/leave open/close begin/start end die catch a cold become interested in get married
延续性动词 5.短暂动词和
be be over
瞬间动词 延续动词转换
vs延续动词
The Present Perfect Tense
一)构成:
have/has+动词过去分词
三、过去分词的构成 A 规则动词的过去分词 原形 过去分词 原形 过去分词 visited
travel travelled visit
move moved
stay own stayed
stop
finish shop repair
句式构成
1.肯定句:
S(主语）+have/has(助动词） +PP(过去分词)+(其他）。
2. 否定句:
S ( 语)+have/has+not +PP(过去分词)+(其他）。
3.一般疑问句 Have/has+ S (主 语)+PP(过去分词)? Yes, S+have/has. No, S+have/hasn’t.
一般疑问句: Have you done your homework yet?
3. ever在现在完成时中的用法
肯定句/疑问句 : 句中 “曾经” Eg. I’ve ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?
4. never在现在完成时中的用法
注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是 现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有 动词的过去分词. Eg. She’s already eighty years old. It was already very late.
2. yet在现在完成时中的用法
否定句:句末 “还(没)” 疑问句: 句末 “己经”
→ He hasn’t written to me since I have been ill
1. 现在完成时中标志词的用法区别
1.Already
肯定句: 句中(助后实前)/句末 “己经” 一般疑问句: 句末(表示惊讶的语气) “难道”
Eg. I’ve already had breakfast. (更常见) = I’ve had breakfast already.(表示强调) Have you had breakfast already?
二) 含义:
(一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对 现在的影响和产生的结果 . 它强调 的是过去的动作同现在的联系 . 常 用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.
(定义二) 表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现 在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态.通 常和for或since引导的时间状语连用.
（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day.
→Have you seen him since his wedding day? →I haven’t seen him since his wedding day .
• He has written to me since I have been ill.(改为一般疑问句) → Has he written to you since you have been ill?
A. Joined
B. has joined C. has been in
翻译：这ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ电影已经放映十五分钟了 The-----------------------------------------------------------film has been on for fifteen minutes. ——
Eg. I haven’t had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?
注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问 句时,将already要变成yet放在句末.
Eg. I have already done my homework.
否定句: I haven’t done my homework yet.
have /has been to，have / has gone to， have / has been in的用法区别
1 “ Have /has been to+地名 ”表示曾经去过某地，说话时已 经回到说话地点，常与once 、twice、ever、never 等时间连 用。 2 “ have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，现在没有回答 人不在说话地点。 3 “ have / has been in +地名 ”表示“在某地”。指一种存在 状态 巧记 ： been to ，gone to been in 意不同，三者用法要记 清； have / has been to + 地名，曾经到过某地行； have / has gone to + 地点，到某地去了已走远。 have / has been in +地名， 已经在某地了。
3） ABC型(三种都不一样) 如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形与过去分词相同) 如: come-came-come become became become run ran run
否定句: 句中 “从来没有 ” Eg. I’ve never been to Beijing.
注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时 , 要将 ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作 否定回答时可用“No, never.”
Eg. He has ever made dumplings.
否定句: He has never made dumplings. Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.
caught
given
make
write
made
written
hurt
run
run
原形 feel fall
过去分词
原形 bring wear
过去分词 brought
felt
fallen flown
worn sung
forgotten kept
fly
have
sing
forget
had
drunk
drink
keep
不规则动词原型-过去式-过去分词形式： 1） AAA型(三种都一样) 如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(过去式与过去分词相同) 如: bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led
5. just在现在完成时中的用法 用于句中, 表示“刚刚” Eg. I’ve just had breakfast. What have they just done?
6. before在现在完成时中的用法 用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. I’ve seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?
• 动词过去分词记忆口诀： • 一加ed，二加d • 三要双写，四注意：y变成ied.
1.work-worked open-opened answer-answered 2.hope-hoped 3.drop-dropped stop-stopped 4.study-studied
B 不规则动词的过去分词 原形 过去分词 原形 think thought catch give put cost grow 过去分词 put cost grown hurt