高二英语非谓语动词----ing形式和过去分词-人教版整理

Nonfinitive verbs 非谓语动词（一）

I.非谓语动词种类及句法功能

在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；-ing分词；过去分词（the Past Participle）。

非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和-ing分词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语；可以有形容词作用，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语；非谓语动词可以有副词作用，在句中作状语。

II. -ing分词& 过去分词

1. 形式：（以do为例）

-ing：doing/ being done/ having dong/having been done 否定式：not + doing

-ed：done 否定式：not + done

2．句法功能：

（1）作主语：

Reading aloud is very helpful. It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。

It is no use/no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ useless/ good/ worthwhile doing sth

（2）作宾语：(做及物动词和介词的宾语)

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：

enjoy, finish, escape, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay(耽搁), imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, pardon(原谅), propose(提议), be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, be used to(习惯于), look forward to, object to(反对), pay attention to, insist on.

（3）作表语：

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.They are excited about the great film.

常用v-ing形式或过去分词做表语的动词有：interest, move, discourage, encourage, amuse, astonish, surprise, shock, frighten, excite, inspire, please, satisfy, tire, bore, disappoint, invite.

v-ing通常表示主动或进行，过去分词表示被动或完成。

（4）作定语：

He can't walk without a walking-stick. Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.

I know the people building the house there.

The house built over there is a shop. The house being built over there is a shop.

boiled water_______________ boiling water__________________

fallen leaves_______________ falling leaves __________________

the risen sun________________ the rising sun__________________

（5）作状语：表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等, 分词的逻辑主语是隐含的，应该与句子的主语一致。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. _________________ Having done his homework, he played basket-ball.__________________________________ Being a League member, he is always helping others. _______________________________ Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. _________________________________ He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. ______________________________________ The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. ___________________________ Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. ________________________ Once seen, it can never be forgotten. ____________________________________________ Given more time, I'll be able to do it better. _______________________________________ （6）作宾语补足语：

如下动词后可跟分词作宾语补足语：感官动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, listen to, look at, catch，使役动词find, keep, leave, have, get, make，另外还有with+宾语+分词结构。在这些结构中，-ing分词做宾补说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系，-ed分词做宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，形成逻辑上的动宾关系。

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?

I heard the song sung several times last week.

They kept me waiting at the gate.

She has us working day after day. They two had a wedding picture taken yesterday.

I will have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.

With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。

The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking at stars in the sky.

III. Translate the phrases and rewrite the sentences with v-ing or the past participle.

1. 一颗破碎的心a broken heart

2. 鲁迅写的小说luxun ’s novel

3. 吸毒成瘾的人_____________________

4. 激动人心的消息an existing news

5. 发展中国家________________________

6. 发达国家_________________________

7. The lecture was given by Professor Zhang. It is about the environment protection.

_____________________________________________________________________________