lesson-7

否定意义的理解一．否定的对象1.部分否定All this is not necessary. 所有这一切并非全都必要。

所有这一切都没有必要。

I don’t remember all /none of their names.2.否定的范围否定有时延伸到句末，被否定的实际上是主语补足语或状语。

She did not work hard to make money.她不努力工作赚钱。

They don't come to see you killed. Not to误译：他们不来看你死。

正译：他们到这儿来并不是要看你死亡的。

He said, 'Now, look, I didn't come here to get alongwith you guys.You're going to have to get along with me.'他说："喂, 老弟们, 我到这儿来不是来听你们的, 该是你们来听我的。

" They did not part good friends.We have not called the meeting to discuss this question.3.否定转移1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

I don't think I know you.我想我并不认识你。

I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。

I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。

注意：若谓语动词为hope, 宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。

2) 将seem, appear 等后面的从句的否定转移到前面。

It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

3) 有时将动名词、介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。

I don't remember having ever seen such a man.It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。

The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.我记得从未见过这样一个人。

在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。

(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。

)(否定状语)蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。

他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。

(否定状语many weeks)她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。

二．否定含义的辨别否定副词：never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, 否定连接词：neither, nor,表示消极意义的词1）某些动词：deny, neglect, fail, refuse,The last person on earth would only think that the money he has in his wallet has value if he fails to appreciate his situation.It is one of the most barbarous customs in the world that we deny the advantages of learning to women.2）某些抽象名词absence, ignorance, exclusion，failure, the last thing / personThe almost total absence of any US sway with the parties directly involved in such a dangerous situation is sobering to say the least.事态如此严重而美国对直接参与的国家却丝毫不起影响，这个情况至少也应该使人们头脑清醒过来了。

A leading member should never concentrate all his attention on one or two problems, to the exclusion of others.领导者不能把全部注意力只集中在一两个问题上而不顾其他问题。

We are in complete ignorance of his plans.对他的计划我们完全不知情。

3）某些形容词free of, far from, inferior to, minimum interest, least important, few, littleShe was worried that Emma “might appear inferior in wit” to Pride and Prejudice.4) 某些介词短语but, against, out of, instead of, prefer…to…He reiterated the administration’s counterargument that the defenses were still needed as insurance against cheating.The man seemed to know his way about and he soon slipped silently out of sight through the door.5) 各种特定的词语搭配too to, rather than, more than, have yet to,Japan has begun offering high-definition TV on a limited basis. The US, yet to choose an official HDTV system, might lag slightly.In fact, the willingness to experiment is one of the most striking features of China today, and it seems to be rooted in confidence rather than security.三．双重否定1意义：强调，委婉，方法：汉语的肯定句，否定句（不，无，非）Not a day passed without shooting and bombardments between these two countries in Europe.He is too sensitive not to notice that.His theory is not unobjectable. I was not unprepared.This is a matter of no small consequence.You can not be too careful.One such major breakthrough occurred late in 1956, although it was not until later that we were filled in on its ramifications. No word is meaningless.Cease-fire in the Mideast have an unhappy habit of becoming unstuck.Says a Pentagon officer with undisguised delight: “I think it’s great. It tickles me to death.”She told me, as I departed, that she would hate to be in my position.There is no doubt that the novel stands distinctly apart from her other novels in tone and moral message, though not in theme. 主体未改，但口吻和道德标准却迥然不同。

Simply: 仅仅-- 不过It is simply a matter of time.Unique: the government remained unperturbed was due in great part to a unique service provided by the BBC.英语词语的意思，汉语需要引申后用否定词语或成语翻译They must do something about that man, and soon. 不要再拖了。

I am always tongue-tied in her presence. At the sight of it, I stood confused.That sort of thing was so much in the air that I didn’t question it.Helicopter blazed away as elusive guerrillas. 神出鬼没/行踪不定/行踪飘忽It would be reasonable to estimate that Homer’s Iliad has been read by at least 25 million people in the last 3000 years.一、反译法英语和汉语中往往均可用肯定形式或否定形式表达同一概念。