概况名词解释

概况名词解释：
When, where, who, why, what, result
1.WASP(White Anglo-Saxon Protestant)
WASP的原义是指美国的新教上流社会，即殖民时代来自英国的移民,现在可以泛指信奉新教的欧裔美国人。

此群体拥有庞大的经济、政治势力，构成美国上流社会和中上阶层的绝大部分。

尽管美国社会日益多元化，但他们的文化、道德观和价值取向仍在很大程度上影响着美国的发展。

WASP, White Anglo-Saxon Protestant in America, is immigrated from England in the colonial era. This group constitute the vast majority of the American upper class and upper middle class, and has huge economic and political forces.
Despite the increasingly diverse American society, but their culture, ethics and values are still significantly influenced the development of the United States.
2.Cold War
二战结束后，由于美国和苏联的目的和利益产生了冲突，他们都想主宰世界，但是双方为了避免世界大战爆发，核战争，其对抗通过科技，军备竞赛，外交竞争等冷方式进行，即“相互遏制，却又不诉诸武力”，因此称之为“冷战”。

1991年12月25日苏联解体，标志冷战正式结束。

After World War II, the US and the Soviet Union had a conflict of aims and interests, that is, they all wanted to dominate the world. But in order to avoid the outbreak of another world war, they competed with each other through science and technology, namely "mutual containmen t, but do not resort to force,” so it was called Cold War. On December 25, 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed, which means the end of the Cold War.
3.New Deal
1929年，美国股票市场崩溃导致了持续四年的经济大萧条，1933年富兰克林·罗斯福出任美国总统，并实行一系列新经济政策，三个核心是:救济(Relief)、复兴(Recovery)和改革(Reform)。

新政增加政府对经济直接或间接干预，大大缓解了大萧条带来的经济危机与社会矛盾，逐渐使美国走出了经济危机。

此后，国家干预和调控经济，成为20世纪资本主义国家普遍的政策取向。

In 1929, the US stock market crash led to the Great Depression for four years.
1933, Franklin Roosevelt became the US president, and implemented a series of new economic policy. the three core is: Relief, Revival and reform. The new Deal let the government strengthened the control of economy, directly or indirectly, which greatly easing the economic crisis and social conflicts, and gradually make the United States out of the crisis. Since then, state intervention and regulation of the economy, the 20th-century capitalist countries generally Policy.
4.Check and Balance
三权分立制度就是国家的立法、行政、司法三权分别由三个机关独立行使，并相互制衡的制度。

三权分立是美国的一项重要制度,避免权力的滥用
Separation of powers means that the legislative, executive and judicial powers are conducted by parliament, government and court in order to restrain mutually and maintain the balance of power. This is designed to prevent the government to be too strong, and avoiding power abuse.
5.Mayflower
1620年，大约102名英国清教徒为了逃避当时政府的打压，乘坐“五月花号”，逃亡到北美，建立起普利茅斯殖民地，后来越来越多的人来到那里，这就是美国的建国历史。

In 1620, about 102 British Pilgrims taking the "Mayflower" fled to North America in order to escape the persecution of British religion, and established their Colony.
That was the founding history of the United States.
解答题：
1.Brief on the procedures of American presidential elections
美国总统选举每四年举行一次。

1首先，预选，大选年的2-6月，民主，共和党分别选出本党候选人提名
2总统候选人提名大会，大选年的7-8月，两党分别召开代表大会，选出总统候选人，然后通过有总统候选人提名的副总统候选人，并制定正式的竞选纲领。

3竞选运动，从全国代表大会结束开始，至全国投票日，总统候选人在全国选民中开展各种活动
4全国选举，大选年11月的第二个星期二，选民到指定地点进行投票，在总统候选人中做出选择，同时选出各州总统选举人
5选举团投票表决总统选举人按该州选民结果投票，率先获得270候选人当选美国总统
General elections occur every four years.
First,Primary Election, from February to June, more than one candidate from the same party seeks to fight then primary election is held
Second, from July to august, two parties’ convention will nominate their final
candidates after a competition in the same party.
Third, what follows is several months of presidential campaigns by the candidates.
Forth, in November of the election year, voters across the nation go to the polls.
Finally, the candidate first with the largest votes wins the election.
2. Brief on the Boston Tea Party Incident and its significance on American history
1773年，英国政府为帮助东印度公司向北美倾销积存的茶叶，引起北美殖民地人民的极大愤怒，北美人民为反抗英国殖民者的压迫，当地居民化妆成印第安人潜入商船，把船上价值约1.5万英镑的茶叶全部倒入大海。

波士顿倾茶事件是一场由波士顿居民对抗英国国会的政治示威，并最终引起著名的美国独立战争。

它是北美人民反对殖民统治暴力行动的开始,是美国革命的关键点之一，也是美国建国的主要国家神话之一。

In 1773, the British government helped the North East India Company to sell their over-stored into north America, which annoyed the North American people greatly. In order to resist the oppression of the British colonists, the local people disguised as Indians, sneaked the merchant ship, and put the about 1.5 million pounds of tea all into the sea.
Boston Tea Party was the beginning that the North American against colonial violence, and ultimately led to the American revolution.。