英语语法之名词一

一、名词

（一）、名词分类

1、按构词法分类

简单名词：man chair land ship water gas beauty

复合名词：roommate farmland seaside

派生名词：arrangement expectation ability (由动词、形容词、简单名词加词缀构成)

2、按词义分类——普通名词和专有名词

普通名词：

（个体名词vs 集体名词）

Boy house tiger family police

（物质名词vs 抽象名词)

Air snow rice failure education honesty

专有名词: 表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织的专有名称（首字母常常要大写）China Anderson The New York Times

3、可数名词和不可数名词

可数名词有单复数形式，常常是个体名词和少数的集体名词。

而不可数名词通常只有单数形式，个别的可用复数形式但表示其他意思，包括物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词和集体名词。

（二）、名词在句子里的作用

在句子名词中常常以这样的结构模式出现：

【限定词】+【前置修饰语】+名词+【后置修饰语】

A boy

A little boy

A lovely little boy

A most lovely little boy in red

A most lovely little boy living next door

A most lovely little boy whose mother is a doctor

名词词组用途广泛，可以在句子里充当除了谓语动词以外的各种成分。

1）当主语

Children seldom remember what time it is.

The boys are playing basketball in the yard.

2）当主语补语

That was an attractive little black chair.

3）当宾语

In the hall, I saw some extremely valuable pictures.

4）当宾语补语

They elected him chairman of the board.

5）当同位语

Alice, a professor of the department, will be invited to party.

6）当介词宾语

In the garden, I can hear the singing of birds.

7）当状语和连词

He returned last night.

She phoned her parents the moment (as soon as ) she reached the hotel.

Exercises 填入合适的名词，使句子意思完整。

1、Can you describe the car? The police need a full in order to find it.

2、He expected to go to the best college in the community, and finally he lived up to his .

3、There’s no point in arguing about this situation, because this can never be resolved.

4、The children were laughing and having a good time. Apparently their lives were filled with .

5、I’ve arranged your holiday, and my cannot be changed.

（二）、名词的数

可数名词才有单复数之分。

如前所说，个体名词都是可数名词，都有单复数。

单数名词就是名词的原型。前面可带不定冠词a/an或基数词one。如a man, one man; a desk, one desk.

1. 规则复数和不规则复数

1）规则复数就是直接在单数名词后加-s/-es来构成复数，如chairs, girls, churches;

※以半辅音y 结尾的名词

※以o结尾的名词