中考英语语法讲解之名词词法

【中考英语语法汇总】名词语法讲解

（一）名词概述

名词用来表示人或事物的名称。名词可分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。在考试命题中，主要是考察可数、不可数名词的区分，以及量词修饰的使用。考试的题型主要是选择题和词性转换。另外，名词的所有格也是重要的考查部分，主要是区分's和

of的用法。

（二）基础知识梳理

1. 名词复数形式的构成

1）规则变化

（1）一般名词后面加s。如：month-months，bird-birds。

（2）以s，ss，x，ch，sh结尾的名词，后面加es。如：bus-buses，boss-bosses，box-boxes，match-matches，brush-brushes。

（3）以o结尾的名词，有的加es，如：patato-patatoes，mango-mangoes，tomato-tomatoes；有的加s，如：radio-radios，zoo-zoos，piano-pianos。

（4）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es。如：factory-factories，city-cities。以元音字母加y结尾的名词，直接加s，如：toy-toys，day-days。

（5）以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为v再加es。如：knife-knives，wolf-wolves（例外：roof-roofs，chief-chiefs），scarf-scarfs或scarves。

2）不规则变化

（1）改元音字母，构成复数。如：man-men，woman-women，foot-feet，fisherman-fishermen，tooth-teeth，mouse-mice（例外：German-Germans，walkman-walkmans,human-humans）。

（2）单复数形式一样。如：sheep-sheep，Chinese-Chinese，Japanese-Japanese，deer-deer，fish-fish。

（3）词尾变化。如：child-children。

（4）只有复数形式，无单数形式的名词。如;clothes，trousers，glasses，shoes。

（5）以man和woman构成的复合名词变复数时，要采用双复数形式。如：man tourist-men tourists，woman teacher-womenteachers。

2. 名词的数量表达

可数名词：用数词直接修饰，如：one book，three watches，200 years；与量词连用，量词与所修饰名词都要用复数形式，如：three pairs of shoes，hundreds of years；与模糊数量词连用，如：a few relatives，some people，many boys，a lot of/lots of computers，a large number ofstudents。

不可数名词：与量词连用，量词有复数形式，而不可数名词不能有复数形式。如：two loaves of bread，a bottle of water；与模糊量词连用，如：some work，a little milk，much

advice/time/money，a lot of/lots of news，a large amount of information。

模糊数量词修饰可数名词，有如下几个：many，a few，few，a large number of。

模糊数量词修饰不可数名词，有如下几个：much，a little，little，huge amounts of，a great deal of。

模糊数量词既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词，有如下几个：some，any，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，enough。

3. 名词所有格

1）表示有生命的名词所有格

（1）单数名词加's，如：Peter's bag。

（2）词尾有s或es的复数名词加“'”，如：the teachers' office。

（3）不以s或es结尾的复数名词后仍加“'s”，如：Children's Day。

（4）表示时间、距离，如：today's newspaper，two hours' walk。

2）表示无生命的名词所有格，用of+名词所有格，如：thefront gate of the City Hall，a map of China。

3）表示有生命的名词所有格，也可用of+名词所有格，如：afriend of mine，a book of jane's，a friend of Mary's sister's。

【注意】Peter and Mary's desk 表示“彼得和玛丽合用的桌子”

Peter's and Mary's desks 表示“彼得和玛丽各自的桌子”

中考英语名词经典例题练习（1）

名词语法经典例题

1. Tomorrow I'm going to my________. It's a _________.

A aunt...five minutes' walk

B aunt's...five minute's walk

C aunt...five minute's walk

D aunt's...five minutes' walk

2. A computer is one of the greatest ________ in this century.

A inventors

B inventions

C invitations

D invention

3. We haven't ________ homework to do today.

A many

B a lot of

C few

D much

4. Mr. Black is a teacher full of ________.Yesterday he told us his ________ inthe U.S.

A experience...experience

B experiences...experiences

C experience...experiences

D experiences...experience

5. Three hours ________ enough for a __________ boy to read books.

A is...ten-year-old

B are...ten-year-old

C is...ten-years-old

D are...ten-years-old

6. _________that pair of new _________ expensive?

A Is...shoe

B Are...shoe

C Is...shoes

D Are...shoes

7. Linda, I've bought many_______. Now let's make the birthday cake.

A fresh eggs

B chocolate milk

C frozen food

D rice dumplings

8. The two ________ are my________.

A womans doctors...girls friends

B women doctors...girls friends

C woman doctors...girl friends

D women doctors...girl friends

9. Mr. Lin often gives us _______ by e-mail.

A some good information

B some good informations

C good informations

D a good information

10. These are ________ houses.

A Wang and my uncle

B the Wang's and my uncle's

C the Wangs' and my uncle

D the Wangs' and my uncle's

11. People waste _______ water every day.

A a large number of

B a huge amount of

C many

D quite a lot

12. They tended(照顾)________,and buried(埋葬)_________.

A wounded...dead

B the wounded...dead

C the wounded...the dead

D wounded...the dead

13. We are__________.They are_________.

A Chinese...Germen

B Chinese...German

C Chinese...Germany

D Chinese...Germans

14.Did you have a lot of _________ last weekend?

A funny

B funnies

C fun

D funs

15. Which is wrong?_________

A How many cartons of milk are there on the tables?

B How much carton of milk is there on the table?

C How many cartons are there on the table?

D How much milk is there on the table?