营养介入维护动物肠道健康模型的研

加剧了在回肠的发酵
• • •
Decreased feed intake, diarrhea, undigested feed, wet litter
降低采食量、增加腹泻率和粪便中未消化的饲料，畜禽舍内垫料潮湿
Reduced performance but little mortality Can result in subclinical enteritis 降低生产性能但死亡率物明显增加 导致亚临床肠炎
Small Intestine 400x, H&E
400x
Movat, 400x
肠道屏障破坏后的一系列后果
感染
肝巨噬细胞
前列腺素E2 白细胞介素-1
血液和淋巴
肿瘤坏死因子
应激
渗透性
其他组织
系统疾病
Gangrenous Dermatitis and Barrier Failure 坏疽性皮炎和屏障损伤
更多的营养物流向后肠 增加梭菌属的大量增殖
Dysbacteriosis 菌落失调症
• A shift in gut microflora in favor of organisms that do not normally predominate at that site 肠道微生物菌群的改变使有益菌群在肠道内不占主导地位 • Associated with reduced digestibility 发生率与营养物质的消化率下降有关
Diet and Digestive Failure 日粮和消化障碍 Dysbacteriosis and Hindgut Fermentation 菌落失调症和后肠异常发酵 Gut Inflammation and Oxidative Balance (Stress) 肠道炎症和氧化失衡(应激） Gut Barrier Failure and Acute Phase Response 肠道屏障失调和急性期反应
Poor Gut Health
肠道健康存 在问题时
Hindgut Fermentation & Dysbacteriosis 后肠发酵和菌落失调症
Gut Inflammation & Oxidative Stress 肠道炎症和氧化应激
Gut Ecology 肠道生态学
pH 营养物密度 营养物可利用性 细菌数(cfu/克) 细菌群 主要菌种
• Research Results
– Poultry – Swine
研究结果
家禽 猪
• Summary
总结
Signs of Poor Gut Health 肠道功能失常时的临床症状
Diet & Digestive Failure 日粮和消化障碍
Gut Barrier Failure & Acute Phase Response 肠道屏障破坏和急性期反应
肠细胞 结点
Apical Junctions Enterocytes
固有层 /Lamina Propria
基底膜
Basal Lamina
杯状细胞
Goblet Cells
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
上皮 /Epithelium
上皮内淋巴细胞
Intra-Epithelial Lymphocytes
粘液 /Mucus
H&E Figure 1
Goblet Cells 杯状细胞 Mucin黏液素（粘蛋白） Fluid and Debris 流体和残骸
Goblet Cell Hyperplasia 杯状细胞增生
Short, Thick Villi 短粗绒毛 Lymphocyte Infiltration淋巴细胞渗透
Components of the Gastrointestinal Barrier 胃肠道屏障的组成
•Cecal Clostridum 盲肠梭菌 •Dysbacteriosis 菌落失调症 •Necrotic Enteritis 坏死性小肠炎
•Enteritis 肠炎 •Poor Digestion 消化不良 •Over eating 过度采食
Mucin 黏液素
•More nutrient flow to hind gut •Increased Clostridial growth
Wet Litter 垫料潮湿
Signs of Poor Gut Health
肠道功能失常时的临床症状
Wet Excreta 湿便
Dirty Eggs 脏蛋增加
Signs of Poor Gut Health
肠道功能失常时的临床症状
Footpad Lesions 脚垫损伤
Loss of Pigmentation 鸡脚着色不良
Gizzard to Crop 胃到嗉囊 Colon to Ceca & SI 直肠到盲肠和小肠
??
Duodenum to Foregut
Nutrient Flow to Hind Gut Allows C. perfringens Dysbacteriosis 养分流向后肠导致C型产气芽孢杆菌型菌落失调症
Topics 主题
• Novus Approach to Gut Health
– Recognizing Gut Health Issues in Poultry
诺伟司肠道健康理念
肠道健康在家禽生产中的重要性
• Causes of Poor Gut Health
– – – –
导致肠道健康问题的原因
Gut Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: Subclinical Enteritis 肠炎和氧化应激：亚临床肠炎
• General response to a variety of insults
– Dysbacteriosis
对多种损害的总体应答
肠道菌群失调症
– Recognizing Gut Health Issues in Poultry 认识到在家禽中的肠道健康问题
Diet and Digestive Failure 日粮和消化障碍 Dysbacteriosis and Hindgut Fermentation 菌落失调症和后肠发酵 Gut Inflammation and Oxidative Balance 肠道炎症和氧化平衡 Gut Barrier Failure and the Acute Phase Response 肠道屏障失调和急性反应
Effect of Short-term Viral Enteritis on Intestine Structure 急性病毒性肠炎对肠组织结构的影响
Goblet Cells
杯状细胞
Crypt Hyperplasia
隐窝增生
Cystic crypt
胞囊隐窝
Goblet Cells, Fluid, Mucin, Short Villi 杯状细胞、液体、黏液、短绒毛
• Gut barrier failure
Dissemination of antigens, toxins, microorganisms
肠道屏障障碍
抗原、毒素和微生物的扩散
• Acute phase response – muscle catabolism, anorexia
急性期反应——肌肉产生异化作用，动物表现为厌食或食欲下降
• Research Results
– Poultry – Swine
研究结果
家禽 猪
• Summary
总结
Poor Gut Health Cycle 肠道健康失调的恶性循环
Diet & Digestive Failure 日粮和消化障碍
Gut Barrier Failure & Acute Phase Response 肠道屏障损伤和急性期反应
肠道前段 3-5 +++ + 103-105 耐酸性 乳酸杆菌 小肠 6.5-7.5 ++ ++ 108-109 兼性需氧菌 乳酸杆菌 梭状芽胞杆菌 链球菌 肠球菌 肠道后段 ～7 + + 1010-1012 厌氧菌 状芽胞杆菌 梭链包菌 乳酸杆菌 类杆菌
大肠杆菌
粪链球菌
Anti Peristalsis: Normal Mixing 逆向蠕动：正常混合
– Exogenous pathogens
– Mild parasitic infection – Toxins
外源性致病菌
轻微的寄生虫感染 毒素
• Inflammation
– Oxidative imbalance
炎症
氧化失衡
– Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen production 增加氧化应激反应和氮的产生
Gut Health Problems can be seen during Necropsy 在病畜禽剖检过程中能够看到的肠道健康问题
Normal
Bacterial Enteritis
正常
E. Maxima 巨型艾美耳球虫
细菌性肠炎
E. Tenella 柔嫩艾美尔球虫
Feed Passage 过料
Signs of Poor Gut Health
肠道功能失常时的临床症状
Poor Uniformity 体重均匀度差
Topics 主题
• Novus Approach to Gut Health • Causes of Poor Gut Health
– – – –
诺伟司肠道健康理念 不健康肠道的原因
Topics
• Novus Approach to Gut Health
– Recognizing Gut Health Issues in Poultry
主题
诺伟司肠道健康理念
认识到在家禽中的肠道健康问题
• Causes of Poor Gut Health
– – – –
引发健康肠道问题的原因
Diet and Digestive Failure 日粮和消化障碍 Dysbacteriosis and Hindgut Fermentation 菌落失调症和后肠发酵 Gut Inflammation and Oxidative Balance 肠道炎症和氧化平衡 Gut Barrier Failure and the Acute Phase Response 肠道屏障失调和急性期反应
• Gut & its immune system sensitive to oxidative balance 肠道和其其免疫系统对氧化平衡极为敏感
•
•
Nutrients can be pro-oxidants: metals
– Poorly digestible ingredients, both protein and CHO
消化率差的饲料原料，蛋白质和碳水化合物
– – Increased nutrient availability in the distal SI
增加了营养物质在小肠末端的存在的数量
Increased fermentation in ileum
Hindgut Fermentation & Dysbacteriosis 后肠异常发酵和菌群失调
Gut Inflammation & Oxidative Stress 肠道炎症和氧化应激
Diet Plays an Important role in Contributing To Poor Gut Health 日粮对肠道健康的影响重大
A Model System to Study Nutritional Interventions that Help Maintain Gut Healthy 营养介入维护动物肠道健康 模型的研究
J. J. Dibner and C. D. Knight Novus International, Inc. 诺伟司国际公司 St. Charles, MO
Gram Positive Rods in all Organs Tested 所有被测器官中的革兰氏阳性杆菌
Systemic Consequences of Barrier Failure: Gangrenous Dermatitis in Broilers 屏障损伤的全身性后果：肉鸡坏疽性皮炎
• Research Results
– Poultry – Swine
研究结果
家禽 猪
• Summary
总结
Signs of Poor Gut Health
肠道功能失常时的临床症状
Feed Passage & Wet Litter Go Together 饲料和湿粪混在一起
Caked Litter 垫料结块