全新大学英语综合教程课文翻译
《全新版大学英语综合教程》第四册Text A (Unit 1-8)课文翻译
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《全新版大学英语综合教程》第四册Text A参考译文第一单元与自然力量抗争课文A人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧,他们所向披靡,便以为自己战无不胜,不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
冰雪卫士奈拉·B·斯密斯1812年,法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。
他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
但他没有料到在莫斯科他会遭遇劲敌——俄罗斯阴冷凄苦的寒冬。
1941年,纳粹德国元首阿道夫·希特勒进攻当时被称作苏联的俄罗斯。
希特勒的军事实力堪称无敌。
他的战争机器扫除了欧洲绝大部分地区的抵抗。
希特勒希望速战速决,但是,就像在他之前的拿破仑一样,他得到的是痛苦的教训。
仍是俄罗斯的冬天助了苏维埃士兵一臂之力。
拿破仑发起的战役1812年春,拿破仑在俄国边境屯兵60万。
这些士兵受过良好训练,作战力强,装备精良。
这支军队被称为大军。
拿破仑对马到成功充满自信,预言要在5个星期内攻下俄国。
不久,拿破仑的大军渡过涅曼河进入俄国。
拿破仑期盼着的速决速胜迟迟没有发生。
令他吃惊的是,俄国人并不奋起抵抗。
相反,他们一路东撤,沿途焚毁庄稼和民居。
大军紧追不舍,但它的长驱直入很快由于粮草运输缓慢而停顿下来。
到了8月,法俄两军在斯摩棱斯克交战,这一战役中,双方各有上万人阵亡。
可是,俄国人仍能在自己的国土上继续后撒。
拿破仑未能取得决定性的胜利。
此刻他面临着一个重要抉择。
是继续追击俄国,军队,还是把军队驻扎在斯摩棱斯克,在那儿度过将到的冬天?拿破仑孤注一掷,决定向远在448公里之外的莫斯科进发。
1812年9月7日,法俄两军在莫斯科以西112公里外的鲍罗季诺激战。
夜幕降临时,3万名法国士兵以及4万4千名俄国士兵或伤或亡,倒在了战场上。
俄国军队再次撤往安全之处。
拿破仑顺利进入莫斯科,然而,对该市的占领成为毫无意义的胜利。
全新版大学英语综合教程 (课文及翻译)Book 1 Unit 5
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Book 1 Unit 5Listen to the recording two or three times and then think over the following questions:1. Do you have a favorite love song? What is its name? Who is the singer? Can you sing or hum the tune?2. What is the song you have just heard mainly about?3. Do you think it appropriate to begin this unit with a love song? Why or why not?The following word in the recording may be new to you:rhyme n.韵; 韵味Everywhere the whole world over people have always felt that music and romance go together. As Shakespeare said, music is the food of love. And so, as we have two love stories for you to read, what better way to start than with a love song? Here, then, is Martina McBride singing to her Valentine.ValentineMartina McBrideIf there were no wordsNo way to speakI would still hear youIf there were no tearsNo way to feel insideI'd still feel for youAnd even if the sun refused to shineEven if romance ran out of rhymeYou would still have my heart until the end of timeYou're all I need, my love, my ValentineAll of my lifeI have been waiting for youAll you give to meYou've opened my eyesAnd shown me how to love unselfishlyI've dreamed of this a thousand times beforeBut in my dreams I couldn't love you moreI will give you my heartUntil the end of timeYou're all I need, my love, my ValentineAnd even if the sun refused to shineEven if romance ran out of rhymeYou would still have my heart until the end of time'Cause all I need is you, my ValentineYou're all I need, my love, my ValentineText AA letter or telephone call comes from someone you have not met, andyou find yourself imagining what the person looks like, putting a face tothe hidden voice. Are you any good at this? Sometimes it is easy to get itwrong.一个你从没有见过的人给你寄来一封信或打来一个电话,而你不知不觉地想象着这个人是个什么样儿,赋予这个隐秘的声音一张面孔。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译
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全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程 3 课文原文及翻译》大学英语学习对于许多学生来说是提升语言能力和拓展国际视野的重要途径。
全新版大学英语综合教程 3 更是其中的重要组成部分。
以下将为您呈现部分课文的原文及对应的翻译,希望能对您的学习有所帮助。
课文一:The Human Touch原文:John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his Army uniform, and studied the crowd of people making their way through Grand Central Station翻译:约翰·布兰查德从长凳上站起身来,整了整军装,审视着穿过中央车站的人群。
原文:He looked for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn't, the girl with the rose翻译:他在寻找那个他明知其心却不知其貌的女孩,那个带着玫瑰的女孩。
原文:His interest in her had begun thirteen months before in a Florida library翻译:他对她的兴趣始于十三个月前在佛罗里达州的一家图书馆里。
原文:Taking a book off the shelf he found himself intrigued, not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin 翻译:他从书架上取下一本书,发现自己感兴趣的不是书中的文字,而是写在页边空白处的铅笔字批注。
原文:The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind翻译:那柔和的笔迹反映出一个深思熟虑、富有洞察力的灵魂。
全新版大学英语综合教程1课文翻译(Unit1-Unit8)
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全新版大学英语综合教程1课文翻译(Unit1-Unit8)Unit 1 Growing Up为自己而写拉塞尔·贝壳从孩提时代,我还住在贝尔维尔时,我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头,但直等到我高中三年级,这—想法才有了实现的可能。
在这之前,我对所有跟英文课沾边的事都感到腻味。
我觉得英文语法枯燥难懂。
我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作,老师读着受累,我写着痛苦。
弗利格尔先生接我们的高三英文课时,我就准备着在这门最最单调乏味的课上再熬上沉闷的一年。
弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。
据说他拘谨刻板,完全落后于时代。
我看他有六七十岁了,古板之极。
他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜,微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐,梳得纹丝不乱。
他身穿古板的套装,白衬衣领扣外的领带打得——丝不苟。
他救着古板的尖下巴,古板的直鼻梁,说起话来—本正经,字斟句酌,彬彬有礼,活脱脱一个橱稽的老古董。
我作好准备,打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上—年,不少日子过去了,还真不出所料。
后半学期我们学写随笔小品文。
弗利格尔先生发下一张家庭作业纸,出了不少题供我们选择。
像“暑假二三事”那样傻乎乎的题目倒是一个也没有,但绝大多数—样乏味。
我把作文题带回家,—直没写,直到要交作业的前一天晚上。
我躺在沙发上,最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课,便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗—看。
我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。
这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。
贝尔维尔之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来,当时,我们大家—起围坐在晚餐桌旁——艾伦舅舅、我母亲、查理舅舅、多丽丝、哈尔舅舅——帕特舅妈晚饭做的是意大利细面条。
那时意大利细面条还是很少听说的异国食品。
多丽丝和我都还从来没吃过,在座的大人也是经验不足,没有—个吃起来得心应手的。
艾伦舅舅家诙谐有趣的场景全都重现在我的脑海中,我回想起来,当晚我们笑作—团,争论着该如何地把面条从盘子上送到嘴里才算合乎礼仪。
《全新版大学英语》(综合教程)第三册Text A课文翻译(Unit 1-8)及答案
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《全新版大学英语》(综合教程)第三册Text A课文翻译(Unit 1-8)第一单元生活方式的改变课文A在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场,梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好,因为,正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样,农耕生活远非轻松自在。
但他写道,自己并不后悔,对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活售姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的——写作与务农。
如今我同时做着这两件事。
作为作家,我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级,作为农场主,我和乡邻也不是同一类人,不过我应付得还行。
在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后,我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。
这是一种自力更生的生活。
我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。
自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋,每星期还能剩余几十个出售。
自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜,我们还自己动手砍柴,足可供过冬取暖之用。
这也是一种令人满足的生活。
夏日里我们在河上荡舟,在林子里野餐,骑着自行车长时间漫游。
冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。
我们为落日的余辉而激动。
我们爱闻大地回暖的气息,爱听牛群哞叫。
我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空,看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。
但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。
就在三个月前,气温降到华氏零下30度,我们辛苦劳作了整整两天,用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。
再过三个月,气温会升到95度,我们就要给玉米松土,在草莓地除草,还要宰杀家禽。
前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。
过些时候,四个孩子中的两个小的,16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉,会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下,那是专为室外干活修建的。
这个月晚些时候,我们要给果树喷洒药水,要油漆谷仓,要给菜园播种,要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。
在这些活计之间,我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时,不是打字撰文,就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。
全新大学英语综合教程3-U6课文翻译
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The Last Leaf1 At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California.They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicorysalad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted.在一幢三层砖楼的顶层,苏和约翰西辟了个画室。
“约翰西”是乔安娜的昵称。
她们一位来自缅因州,一位来自加利福尼亚。
两人相遇在第八大街的一个咖啡馆,发现各自在艺术品味、菊苣色拉,以及灯笼袖等方面趣味相投,于是就有了这个两人画室。
2 That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Johnsy was among his victims. She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house.那是5月里的事。
到了11月,一个医生称之为肺炎的阴森的隐形客闯入了这一地区,用它冰冷的手指东碰西触。
约翰西也为其所害。
全新版大学英语综合教程课文原文及翻译
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Second Thoughts on CloningLaurence H. Tribe1 Some years ago, long before human cloning became a near-term prospect, I was among those who urged that human cloning be assessed not simply in terms of concrete costs and benefits, but in terms of what the technology might do to the very meaning of human reproduction, child rearing and individuality. I leaned toward prohibition as the safest course.关于克隆的再思考劳伦斯·H·特赖布几年前,在克隆人还远未成为一种近期前景的时候,我和一些人一起,极力主张对人类克隆的评判不仅仅要考虑到具体的代价与裨益,而且要考虑到这一技术将会对人类繁殖、孩子的抚养以及对人的个性的真实意义会带来什么影响。
我倾向于禁止克隆人,认为此乃最为安全可靠的方针。
2 (1) Today, with the prospect of a renewed push for sweeping prohibition rather than mere regulation, I am inclined to say, "Not so fast."时至今日,眼看着新一轮要求对克隆人全面禁止而非简单规范的呼声即将再起,我倒想说:“慢一点来。
”3 When scientists announced in February that they had created a clone of an adult sheep -- a genetically identical copy named Dolly, created in the laboratory from a single cell of the "parent" -- fierce debate arose over the pros and cons of trying to clone a human being.当科学家于2月宣布他们缔造了一头由成年羊克隆而成的克隆羊――这头羊名叫多利,是从其“母体”的一个单细胞在实验室里缔造的基因完全一样的复制品――时,对克隆人的利弊掀起了一场激烈的争论。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译
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全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译》Unit 1: EducationText A: Is College the Best Option?大学是否是最佳选择?Part I: Text A in EnglishText A: Is College the Best Option?Nowadays, the decision to attend college or not is a topic of much debate. With the rising cost of tuition and the uncertainty of job prospects after graduation, many people are questioning whether college is truly the best option.On one hand, a college education has obvious benefits. It provides individuals with the opportunity to gain knowledge, develop critical thinking skills, and broaden their horizons. College also offers networking opportunities and the chance to meet people from diverse backgrounds, which can be valuable in the professional world. Additionally, many employers still consider a college degree as a minimum requirement for job applicants.On the other hand, the cost of college has skyrocketed in recent years. Tuition fees, accommodation expenses, and textbooks can easily accumulate into a significant financial burden. Moreover, there is no guarantee that a college degree will lead to a well-paying job. In today's competitive jobmarket, having a degree no longer guarantees a successful career. Many college graduates find themselves underemployed or in jobs that don't align with their educational background.Furthermore, alternative pathways such as vocational schools, apprenticeships, or entrepreneurship have proven to be successful for many individuals. These options often provide practical, hands-on training and immediate job placement. For those who have a clear career goal and are willing to put in the effort, skipping college and pursuing alternative paths can lead to quicker entry into the workforce and potential financial success.In conclusion, the decision to attend college or pursue alternative paths depends on individual circumstances and goals. While a college education offers numerous benefits, it is necessary to carefully consider the financial costs and job prospects in today's economy. Ultimately, success in any field requires a combination of education, skills, and determination, regardless of whether one obtains a college degree or not.Part II: Text A in Chinese (课文A:大学是否是最佳选择?)如今,是否上大学成为了一个备受争议的话题。
全新版大学英语综合教程课文原文及翻译
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全新版大学英语综合教程课文原文及翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程课文原文及翻译》Unit 1: The World of WorkPart 1: The Changing Nature of WorkThe world of work is constantly evolving, and it is important for individuals to adapt to these changes. In today's fast-paced society, the traditional notions of work are being challenged, and new opportunities are emerging. This unit explores the changing nature of work and its implications for individuals and society.1.1 The Traditional 9-to-5 JobTraditionally, work was often characterized by a 9-to-5 job in a fixed location. Employees would commute to an office or a factory, and their work would be structured around set hours. This model provided stability and a sense of routine for many individuals. However, with advancements in technology and globalization, this traditional model is no longer the only option.1.2 Flexible Work ArrangementsToday, flexible work arrangements are becoming more common. People have the opportunity to work remotely, choose their own hours, and even become self-employed. This flexibility allows individuals to better balance their work and personal lives. However, it also presents new challenges, such as the need for self-discipline and the blurring of boundaries between work and leisure.1.3 The Gig EconomyThe rise of the gig economy is another significant change in the world of work. In this model, individuals take on short-term or freelance jobs, often facilitated by online platforms. This provides them with more autonomy and the ability to pursue multiple income streams. However, it also means less job security and benefits compared to traditional employment.1.4 The Importance of Lifelong LearningWith the changing nature of work, the importance of lifelong learning cannot be overstated. Individuals need to continually update their skills and knowledge in order to remain competitive in the job market. This includes developing new technological competencies and adaptability to navigate future changes in the workplace.Part 2: The Impact of Work on Identity and Well-beingWork plays a significant role in shaping individual identity and overall well-being. How individuals perceive their work and the meaning they derive from it can greatly impact their satisfaction and happiness.2.1 Work as a Source of IdentityFor many people, work is not just a way to earn a living but also a source of identity and purpose. The type of work one engages in can be closely tied to personal values and ambitions. However, it is important to recognize that work should not be the sole determinant of a person's self-worth. Finding a balance between work and other aspects of life is crucial for overall well-being.2.2 Work-Life BalanceAchieving work-life balance is a constant challenge in today's connected world. The boundaries between work and personal life can easily blur, leading to increased stress and burnout. Employers and individuals need to actively promote strategies and policies that enable employees to have a healthy integration of work and personal life.2.3 The Pursuit of Meaningful WorkMany individuals strive to find work that is not only financially rewarding but also personally fulfilling. Meaningful work gives individuals a sense of purpose and satisfaction. This can be achieved by aligning personal values and passions with one's chosen career path.2.4 Work and Mental HealthThe relationship between work and mental health is complex. While work can provide a sense of structure and purpose, it can also contribute to stress and anxiety. Employers and society as a whole need to prioritize mental health support in the workplace and foster a culture that promotes work-life balance and overall well-being.ConclusionThe world of work is undergoing significant changes, requiring individuals to adapt and embrace new opportunities. The impact of work on identity and well-being cannot be underestimated. It is crucial for individuals, employers, and society to work together to create a more balanced and fulfilling work environment. By recognizing the evolving nature of work andaddressing its challenges, we can create a future where individuals find meaning and satisfaction in their careers.。
《全新版大学英语》(综合教程)第三册Text A课文翻译(Unit 1-8)及答案
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《全新版大学英语》(综合教程)第三册Text A课文翻译(Unit 1-8)第一单元生活方式的改变课文A在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场,梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好,因为,正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样,农耕生活远非轻松自在。
但他写道,自己并不后悔,对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活售姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的——写作与务农。
如今我同时做着这两件事。
作为作家,我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级,作为农场主,我和乡邻也不是同一类人,不过我应付得还行。
在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后,我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。
这是一种自力更生的生活。
我们食用的果蔬几乎都是自己种的。
自家饲养的鸡提供鸡蛋,每星期还能剩余几十个出售。
自家养殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜,我们还自己动手砍柴,足可供过冬取暖之用。
这也是一种令人满足的生活。
夏日里我们在河上荡舟,在林子里野餐,骑着自行车长时间漫游。
冬日里我们滑雪溜冰。
我们为落日的余辉而激动。
我们爱闻大地回暖的气息,爱听牛群哞叫。
我们守着看鹰儿飞过上空,看玉米田间鹿群嬉跃。
但如此美妙的生活有时会变得相当艰苦。
就在三个月前,气温降到华氏零下30度,我们辛苦劳作了整整两天,用一个雪橇沿着河边拖运木柴。
再过三个月,气温会升到95度,我们就要给玉米松土,在草莓地除草,还要宰杀家禽。
前一阵子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋顶。
过些时候,四个孩子中的两个小的,16岁的吉米和13岁的埃米莉,会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下,那是专为室外干活修建的。
这个月晚些时候,我们要给果树喷洒药水,要油漆谷仓,要给菜园播种,要赶在新的小鸡运到之前清扫鸡舍。
在这些活计之间,我每周要抽空花五、六十个小时,不是打字撰文,就是为作为自由撰稿人投给报刊的文章进行采访。
全新大学英语综合教程3-U4课文翻译
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Was Einstein a Space Alien?1Albert Einstein was exhausted.阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦精疲力竭。
他幼小的儿子汉斯连续三个晚上哭闹不停,弄得全家人直到天亮都无法入睡。
阿尔伯特总算可以打个瞌睡时,已是他起床上班的时候了。
他不能一天不上班,他需要这份工作来养活组建不久的家庭。
2 Walking briskly to the Patent Office,阿尔伯特是专利局三等技术专家。
在快步去专利局上班的路上,他为母亲忧心忡忡。
母亲年纪越来越大,身体虚弱。
她不同意儿子与迈尔娃的婚事,婆媳关系紧张。
阿尔伯特瞥了一下路过的商店的橱窗,看见自己头发凌乱,他又忘了梳头了。
3Work. Family. 工作,家庭,维持生计——阿尔伯特感受到了一位年轻丈夫和年轻父亲所要承担的全部压力和责任。
To relax, he revolutionized physics.他想放松下,却使物理学发生了突破性进展4 In 1905, 1905年,在他被聘为物理学教授的前四年,26岁的爱因斯坦发表了科学史上最重要论文中的五篇——这些论文都是他在“业余时间”完成的。
他证明了原子和分子的存在。
1905年之前,科学家们对此没有把握。
爱因斯坦论证说光以微粒形态出现(后来被称为“光子”),这为量子力学奠定了基础。
他把狭义相对论描写为:时空如同普通织物中的线,他提出,这些线可以弯曲、拉长和交织在一起。
5 Oh, and by the way, E=mc2.5.对了,顺便提一下,E = mc2。
6 Before Einstein, 在爱因斯坦之前,最近一位迸发出如此创造性思想的科学家当数艾萨克牛顿爵士。
事情发生在1666,为了躲避在剑桥爆发的瘟疫,牛顿去母亲的农场隐居。
由于没有什么更好的事可做,他便建立万有引力理论。
7 For centuries historians called 1666 几个世纪以来,历史学家称为1666牛顿的“奇迹年”。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译
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全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译Unit 1 Text A: Fighting with the Forces of NatureAmong the forces of nature, wind and water are perhaps the two that have most effect on the land Wind and water, working together, are constantly changing the shape of the land Sometimes the wind blows very hard for a long time This is called a windstorm When a windstorm hits an area, it can cause a lot of damage It can blow away soil and destroy crops It can even destroy buildings and kill peopleWater also plays an important role in changing the land Rivers carry soil and sand from one place to another When the river slows down, the soil and sand are deposited Over time, this can form new land Sometimes a river can change its course This can cause problems for people who live near the riverPeople have always tried to control the forces of nature They have built dams to hold back water and prevent floods They have also planted trees to stop the wind from blowing away the soil But sometimes our efforts to control nature can have unexpected resultsFor example, when a dam is built, it may stop the flow of a river This can cause problems for fish and other animals that live in the river It can also change the climate of the area Sometimes our attempts to control nature can cause more harm than goodTranslation:在自然力量中,风和水也许是对陆地影响最大的两种力量。
全新版大学英语综合教程 课文原文及翻译
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式的看法。
Learning, Chinese-Sty a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern
我的中国同行�除了少数几个人外�对此事的态度与金陵饭店工作人员一样。既然大
人知道怎么把钥匙塞进槽口——这是处理槽口一事的最终目的� 既然孩子还很年幼�还没
有灵巧到可以独自完成要做的动作�让他自己瞎折腾会有什么好处呢�他很有可能会灰心丧
气发脾气——这当然不是所希望的结果。为什么不教他怎么做呢�他会高兴�他还能早些学
我俩颇为同情地听着这一番道理�解释道�首先�我们并不在意本杰明能不能把钥匙
5 I soon realized that this incident was directly relevant to our assigned tasks in China: to
investigate the ways of early childhood education (especially in the arts), and to throw light on
in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but
in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing. 中国式的学习风格
─ and on occasion would frown slightly, as if considering us to be neglecting our parental duties. 我和埃伦都满不在乎�任由本杰明拿着钥匙在钥匙的槽口鼓捣。他的探索行为似乎并
全新版大学英语综合教程1、2课文翻译
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AppendixⅡChinese Translations of Text B (Units 1-8)第一单元成长课文B夏天打工时,作者常常替巴卢先生修剪草坪。
惟一的问题是,巴卢先生似乎从来没钱支付工钱。
然而,他实际上所给予的却远比工钱珍贵。
夏日阅读迈克尔·多里斯十四岁那年,我在暑假里替人修剪草坪挣些钱,不出几个星期,我就有了不少客户。
客户们种植的花卉我得记住不能剪去,他们会将东西遗落在草地上或故意插在地里,通过这些我逐渐认识了他们。
我对大多数客户了解至深,事先就能知道他们会抱怨些什么,哪些特别的要求不能掉以轻心。
(1)而且,我从邻居偏爱的付款方式中了解到了一点他们的情况:有的按干的活儿给钱,有的按月支付——或者有的压根儿不付钱。
巴卢先生属于最后一类,而且他总有理由。
有一天他兑不开一张五十元的钞票,又有一天他支票用完了,还有一天我上门时他干脆就溜出去了。
撇开钱这档子事,他倒也还是个挺不错的老头,每次看见我,老远就挥手或脱帽致意。
我猜他退休金不多,可能出过工伤,整不了自己的园子。
没错,我全都记着帐,可我对这点钱并没太在意。
(2)也就是剪剪草,何况巴卢先生住宅外面的那一点草坪修剪起来花不了多少时间。
到了一年中最热的七月中旬,一天傍晚前,我走过他家,他开了门,示意我进去。
门厅里凉凉的,帘子遮去了阳光,过了一会儿我的眼睛才适应室内的暗淡光线。
“我欠你工钱,”巴卢先生开口道,“不过……”我想省得他费神找新的借口了,就说,“没事。
别放在心上。
”“银行把我的账弄错了,”他没理我的碴儿,接着说。
“一两天里就会改过来。
在这当儿,我想你不妨挑——两本书作为我的首付款。
”他朝墙那边指了指,我这才发现到处都堆着书。
就跟图书馆一样,只不过没有分门别类罢了。
“别着急,”巴卢先生鼓动说。
“读也好,借也好,留着也行。
找你喜欢的。
你平常都爱读什么书啊?”“我不知道。
”我的确不知道。
我通常是弄到什么就读什么,从药房里买到的平装书,图书馆里借得到的书、杂志,到麦片包装盒背面的说明,还有连环漫画,什么都看。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译
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u nit 1 Mr.Doherty Bu ilds His D ream LifeIn Ameri ca many pe ople havea romantic idea of l ife in the countrysi de. Many l iving in t owns dream of starti ng up thei r own farm, of livin g off theland. Fewget roundto putting their dre ams into p ractice. T his is per haps justas well, a s the life of a farm er is farfrom easy,as Jim Do herty disc overed whe n he set o ut to comb ine beinga writer w ith runnin g a farm.Neverthele ss, as heexplains,he has noregrets an d remainsenthusiast ic about h is decisio n to chang e his wayof life. 在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场,梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好,因为,正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样,农耕生活远非轻松自在。
但他写道,自己并不后悔,对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
Mr. Dohe rty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty 1 Th ere are tw o things I have alwa ys wantedto do -- w rite and l iveon a f arm. Today I'm doing both. I a m not in E. B. White's class a s a writer or in myneighbors'league as a farmer, but I'm g etting by.And after years offrustratio n with cit y and subu rban livin g, my wife Sandy and I have fi nally foun d contentm ent here i n the coun try.多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。
全新版大学英语综合教程1课文翻译
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全新版大学英语综合教程1课文翻译第一单元: 为自己而写..拉塞尔·田克从孩提时代,我还住在贝尔维尔时,我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作家的念头,但直等到我高中三年级,这—一想法才有了实现的可能。
在这之前,我对所有跟英文课沾边的事都感到腻味。
我觉得英文语法枯燥难懂。
我痛恨那些长而乏味的段落写作,老师读着受累,我写着痛苦。
弗利格尔先生接我们的高三英文课时,我就准备着在这门最最单调乏味的课上再熬上沉闷的一年。
弗利格尔先生在学生中以其说话干巴和激励学生无术而出名。
据说他拘谨刻板,完全落后于时代。
我看他有六七十岁了,古板之极。
他戴着古板的毫无装饰的眼镜,微微卷曲的头发剪得笔齐,梳得纹丝不乱。
他身穿古板的套装,白衬衣领扣外的领带打得——丝不苟。
他救着古板的尖下巴,古板的直鼻梁,说起话来—·本正经,字斟句酌,彬彬有礼,活脱脱一个橱稽的老古董。
我作好准备,打算在弗利格尔先生的班上一无所获地混上—·年,不少日子过去了,还真率出所料。
后半学期我们学写随笔小品文。
弗利格尔先生发下一张家庭作业纸,出了不少题供我们选择。
像“暑假二三事”那样傻乎乎的题目倒是一个也没有,但绝大多数—样乏味。
我把作文题带回家,——直没写,直到要交作业的前一天晚上。
我躺在沙发上,最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课,便从笔记本里抽出作文题目单粗粗—看。
我的目光落在“吃意大利细面条的艺术”这个题目上。
这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。
贝尔维尔之夜的清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来,当时,我们大家——起围坐在晚餐桌旁——艾伦舅舅、我母亲、查理舅舅、多丽丝、哈尔舅舅——帕特舅妈晚饭做的是意大利细面条。
那时意大利细面条还是很少听说的异国食品。
多丽丝和我都还从来没吃过,在座的大人也是经验不足,没有—个吃起来得心应手的。
艾伦舅舅家诙谐有趣的场景全都重现在我的脑海中,我回想起来,当晚我们笑作—团,争论着该如何地把面条从盘子上送到嘴里才算合乎礼仪。
全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文翻译
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全新版大学英语综合教程2课文原文翻译第一课:A Successful Businessman原文John Dly started his own business five years ago. Now he has his own company with fifty people working for him. But he started off with nothing. When he was a child, his family was very poor. His parents couldn’t afford to give him pocket money, so he had to earn his own. When he was 12, he started washing cars to make money. He washed cars every day after school and during weekends.He was a good student at school and always tried his best. After he finished high school, he went to university to study business. He borrowed money from the bank to pay for his tuition. During his university years, he worked parttime in a small company to gn experience and earn some money. It was hard work, but he enjoyed it.After graduating from university, John found a job in a big company as a sales representative. He worked very hard and sold a lot of products for the company. The company was very happy with his work, so they promoted him to sales manager.A few years later, he decided to start his own business.翻译约翰·戴利在五年前开始了自己的生意。
全新大学英语综合教程课文原文及翻译
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全新版大学英语综合教程课文原文及翻译————————————————————————————————作者:————————————————————————————————日期:Unit1One way of summarizing the American position is to state that we value originality and independence more than the Chinese do. The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.However, I do not want to overstate my case. There is enormous creativity to be found in Chinese scientific, technological and artistic innovations past and present. And there is a danger of exaggerating creative breakthroughs in the West. When any innovation is examined closely, its reliance on previous achievements is all too apparent (the "standing on the shoulders of giants" phenomenon).But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid, and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals, the important question becomes this: Can we gather, from the Chinese and American extremes, a superior way to approach education, perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills?Unit2Walton set up a college scholarship fund for employees' children, a disaster relief fund to rebuild employee homes damaged by fires, floods, tornadoes, and the like. He believed in cultivating ideas and rewarding success."He'd say, 'That fellow worked hard, let's give him a little extra,'" recalls retired president Ferold F. Arend, who was stunned at such generosity after the stingy employer he left to join Wal-Mart. "I had to change my way of thinking when I came aboard.""The reason for our success," says Walton, in a company handout, "is our people and the way they're treated and the way they feel about their company. They believe things are different here, but they deserve the credit."Adds company lawyer Jim Hendren: "I've never seen anyone yet who worked for him or was around him for any length of time who wasn't better off. And I don't mean just financially, although a lot of people are. It's just something about him -- coming into contact with Sam Walton just makes you a better person."Making the journey from log cabin to White House is part of the American Dream. But when Jimmy Carter was defeated in his attempt to gain a second term as President of the United States he found himself suddenly thrown out of the White House and back in his log cabin. This is how he coped.Unit3SEAN: If that sort of thing happened only once in a while, it wouldn't be so bad. Overall, I wouldn't want to trade my dad for anyone else's. He loves us kids and Mom too. But I think that's sometimes the problem. He wants to do things for us, things he thinks are good. But he needs to give them more thought because:SEAN, HEIDI and DIANE: (In unison) Father knows better!(The lights quickly fade to black and then come up a second or two later. DIANE stands alone at the Down Right edge of the stage. HEIDI and SEAN enter Down Left and cross to the edge of the stage. )DIANE: Can you imagine how humiliated I was? An honor student, class president. And Father was out asking people to have their sons call and ask me to the prom! But that's dear old dad. Actually, he is a dear. He just doesn't stop to think. And it's not just one of us who've felt the heavy hand of interference. Oh, no, all three of us live in constant dread knowing that at any time disaster can strike because: Father knows better.Unit4I'd never realized how important daily routine is: dressing for work, sleeping normal hours. I'd never thought I relied so much on co-workers for company. I began to understand why long-term unemployment can be so damaging, why life without an externally supported daily plan can lead to higher rates of drug abuse, crime, suicide.To restore balance to my life, I force myself back into the real world. I call people, arrange to meet with the few remaining friends who haven't fled New York City. I try to at least get to the gym, so as to set apart the weekend from the rest of my week. I arrange interviews for stories, doctor's appointments -- anything to get me out of the house and connected with others.But sometimes being face to face is too much. I see a friend and her ringing laughter is intolerable -- the noise of conversation in the restaurant, unbearable. I make my excuses and flee. I re-enter my apartment and run to the computer as though it were a place of safety.I click on the modem, the once-annoying sound of the connection now as pleasant as my favorite tune. I enter my password. The real world disappears.Thought you were safe sharing secrets with Internet friends? Wait for the doorbell...Unit5The runway felt different this time. It startled him for a brief moment. Then it all hit him like a wet bale of hay. The bar was set at nine inches higher than his personal best. That's only one inch off the National record, he thought. The intensity of the moment filled his mind with anxiety. He began shaking the tension. It wasn't working. He became more tense. Why was this happening to him now, he thought. He began to get nervous. Afraid would be a more accurate description. What was he going to do? He had never experienced these feelings. Then out of nowhere, and from the deepest depths of his soul, he pictured his mother. Why now? What was his mother doing in his thoughts at a time like this? It was simple. His mother always used to tell him when you felt tense, anxious or even scared, take deep breaths.So he did. Along with shaking the tension from his legs, he gently laid his pole at his feet. He began to stretch out his arms and upper body. The light breeze that was once there was now gone. He carefully picked up his pole. He felt his heart pounding. He was sure the crowd did, too. The silence was deafening. When he heard the singing of some distant birds in flight, he knew it was his time to fly.Unit6Racing the clock every day is such an exhausting effort that when I actually have a few free moments, I tend to collapse. Mostly I sink into a chair and stare into space while I imagine how lovely life would be if only I possessed the organizational skills and the energy of my superheroines. In fact, I waste a good deal of my spare time just worrying about what other women are accomplishing in theirs. Sometimes I think that these modern fairy tales create as many problems for women as the old stories that had us biding our time for the day our prince would come.Yet superwomen tales continue to charm me. Despite my friend's warning against being taken in, despite everything I've learned, I find that I'm not only willing, but positively eager to buy that bridge she mentioned. Why? I suppose it has something to do with the appeal of an optimistic approach to life -- and the fact that extraordinary deeds have been accomplished by determined individuals who refused to believe that "you can't" was the final word on their dreams.Men have generally been assured that achieving their heart's desires would be a piece of cake. Women, of course, have always believed that we can't have our cake and eat it too-the old low-dream diet. Perhaps becoming a superwoman is an impossible dream for me, but life without that kind of fantasy is as unappealing as a diet with no treats.1) The young woman described to the policemen the way the man ran up to her and grabbed the bag from her hand. 2) All the people working for Sam Walton admire the way he manages Wal-Mart and the way he treats his employees. 3) The neighbors were disgusted at the way he talked to his old father.4) It's amazing the way the eight-year-old boy managed to stay so calm when he faced the emergency.1. You will find yourself penniless in a month.2. He found himself lying in a hospital ward.3. She found herself faced with the toughest job she had ever taken.4. Susan found herself in a trap from which she could not escape.1) Obviously what the speaker wanted to emphasize was the impact of these findings rather than the process that led to these findings.2) It seems that he is never bothered about what people would think about his behavior.3) The CEO never hesitates to let his employees know what he is planning for the company.4) The scientist will show the audience what a tele-operated robot can do for a family.5)Despite all this she manages to get her act together.1、She herself believed in freedom,so much so that she would rather die than live without it.2、Assuming the proposal is accepted,where are we going to get the money?3、Only by rewarding success can you bring out the best in your employess.4、It’s amazing the eight-year-old boy managed to stay so calm when he faced the emergency.5、Allen should have known better than to lend such a large。
全新版大学英语综合教程-1-Unit2-课文注释电子书及翻译
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All the Cabbie Had Was a LetterFoster Furcolo1 He must have been completely lost in something he was reading because I had to tap on the windshield to get his attention. 出租车司机拥有的就剩一封信福斯特?弗克洛他准是完全沉浸在所读的东西里了,因为我不得不敲挡风玻璃来引起他的注意。
2 "Is your cab available?" I asked when he finally looked up at me. He nodded, then said apologetically as I settled into the back seat, "I'm sorry, but I was reading a letter." He sounded as if he had a cold or something. 他总算抬头看我了。
“你出车吗?”我问道。
他点点头,当我坐进后座时,他抱歉地说:“对不起,我在读一封信。
”听上去他像是得了感冒什么的。
3 "I'm in no hurry," I told him. "Go ahead and finish your letter." “我不着急,”我对他说,“你接着把信读完吧。
”4 He shook his head. "I've read it several times already. I guess I almost know it by heart." 他摇了摇头。
“我已经读了好几遍了。
我想我都能背出来了。
”5 "Letters from home always mean a lot," I said. " At least they do with me because I'm on the road so much." Then, estimating that he was 60 or 70 years old, I guessed: "From a child or maybe a grandchild?" “家书抵万金啊,”我说。
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Unit 1PartⅡTextA One Writer's Beginnings作家起步时我从两三岁起就知道,家中随便在哪个房间里,白天无论在什么时间,都可以念书或听人念书。
母亲念书给我听。
上午她都在那间大卧室里给我念,两人一起坐在她那把摇椅里,我们摇晃时,椅子发出有节奏的滴答声,好像有只唧唧鸣叫的蟋蟀在伴着读故事。
冬日午后,她常在餐厅里烧着煤炭的炉火前给我念,布谷鸟自鸣钟发出“咕咕”声时,故事便结束了;晚上我在自己床上睡下后她也给我念。
想必我是不让她有一刻清静。
有时她在厨房里一边坐着搅制黄油一边给我念,故事情节就随着搅制黄油发出的抽抽搭搭的声响不断展开。
我的奢望是她念我来搅拌;有一次她满足了我的愿望,可是我要听的故事她念完了,她要的黄油我却还没弄好。
她念起故事来富有表情。
比如,她念《穿靴子的猫》时,你就没法不相信她对猫一概怀疑。
当我得知故事书原来是人写出来的,书本原来不是什么大自然的奇迹,不像草那样自生自长时,真是又震惊又失望。
不过,姑且不论书本从何而来,我不记得自己有什么时候不爱书——书本本身、封面、装订、印着文字的书页,还有油墨味、那种沉甸甸的感觉,以及把书抱在怀里时那种将我征服、令我陶醉的感觉。
还没识字,我就想读书了,一心想读所有的书。
我的父母都不是来自那种买得起许多书的家庭。
然而,虽然买书准得花去他不少薪金,作为一家成立不久的保险公司最年轻的职员,父亲一直在精心挑选、不断订购他和母亲认为儿童成长应读的书。
他们购书首先是为了我们的前程。
除了客厅里有一向被称作“图书室”的书橱,餐厅的窗子下还有几张摆放百科全书的桌子和一个字典架。
这里有伴随我们在餐桌旁争论着长大的《韦氏大词典》、《哥伦比亚百科全书》、《康普顿插图百科全书》、《林肯资料文库》,以及后来的《知识库》。
“图书馆”书橱里的书没过多久我就能读了——我的确读了,全都读了,按着顺序,一排接着一排读,从最上面的书架一直读到最下面的书架。
母亲读书最重要的不在获取信息。
她是为了享受快乐而埋头读小说。
她读狄更斯时的神情简直就像要跟他私奔似的。
她少女时代读的小说印在了她心头的,除了狄更斯、司各特和罗伯特?路易斯?斯蒂文森等人的作品之外,还有《简?爱》、《切尔比》、《白衣女士》、《绿厦》和《所罗门王的矿藏》。
多亏了我的父母,我很早就接触了受人喜爱的马克?吐温。
书橱里有一整套马克?吐温文集和一套不全的林?拉德纳作品集,这些书最终将父母和孩子联结在一起。
我一本接一本阅读摆在我面前的书,读着读着便发现一本又破又旧的书,是我父亲小时候的。
书名是《桑福徳与默顿》。
我不相信如今还有谁会记得这本书。
那是托玛斯?戴在18世纪80年代撰写的一本著名的进行道德教育的故事书,可该书的扉页上并没有提及他;上面写的是《桑福徳与默顿简易本》,玛丽?戈多尔芬著。
书中讲的是一个富孩子和一个穷孩子与他们老师巴洛先生之间的冗长的谈话,其间穿插着戏剧性场面——分别写了富孩子和穷孩子如何发火、如何获救。
书末讲的道德寓意不是一条,而是两条,都印在环形图案里:“不管发生什么,该做的就去做”,还有“想做伟人,必须先学会做个好人”。
这本书没了封面,封底用几条纸片粘牢,有好几层,如今都泛黄了,书页上污迹斑斑,边角处都破碎了;书中花哨的插图脱了页,但都保存良好,夹在书里。
即使在少不更事的童年,我就觉得那是我父亲小时候拥有的惟一一本书。
他一直珍藏着这本书,或许还枕着这本没了封面的书睡觉:他7岁时就没了母亲。
我父亲从来没跟自己的孩子提起过这本书,但他从俄亥俄一路把它带到我们的家,把它放进我们的书橱。
母亲则从西弗吉尼亚带来了那套狄更斯:那套书看上去也惨不忍睹——她告诉我,我还没出生,这些书就历经水火之灾,可现在它们还是整齐地排列在那儿——后来我意识到,是等着我去读。
从记事起我就收到给自己的书了,那是在生日时,还有圣诞节早晨。
我父母真的是送给我再多的书都嫌不够。
在我6岁或7岁生日时——那是在我自己能读书之后——他们送我一套10卷本的《我们的神奇世界》,为此,准是作了不少牺牲。
那套书真漂亮,厚厚的,我总是带着它躺在餐厅壁炉前的地板上,读得最多的是第5卷:《儿童故事》。
那都是些童话故事——格林的、安徒生的、英国童话、法国童话,“阿里巴巴和四十大盗”;还有伊索寓言和列那狐的故事;还有神话和传奇故事,如罗宾汉、亚瑟王、圣乔治和龙,甚至还有历史故事圣女贞德;还有一部分《天路历程》,以及一长段《格列佛游记》。
每篇故事都有精彩的插图。
我早已让自己走进这些故事中去了,一翻就能翻到自己喜爱的故事和插图;《黄肤色小矮人》常常是我的首选,沃尔特?克莱恩绘的彩色插图中黄肤色小矮人看着令人害怕,他左右还有火鸡侍立。
如今这册书已经跟父亲那本损坏的《桑福徳与默顿》一样,又破又旧,最后几页掉了,书页散了。
有很长一段时间,我一直想自己能不能像母亲为查尔斯?狄更斯做的那样,为《我们的神奇世界》这套书赴汤蹈火,从这一点也可想见我对这套书是多么珍爱;惟一令人安慰的是我相信我可让母亲为我这么做。
在所有认识的孩子们当中,我想自己是惟一有家藏宝库伴随着长大的孩子。
过去我常常问别人:“你有《我们的神奇世界》吗?”我常常得跟人解释,《知识库》根本没法跟这套书比。
我感激父母通过认识字母对我——早在我要求之时,而没有让我等待——进行文字启蒙,教我阅读和拼写。
他们在家里教我,我得以在上学前就开始了阅读。
从最初听故事,到后来自己开始读书,从来没有一行读过的字我不闻其声。
当我的目光扫过一个句子时,就会有个声音默念给我听。
那不是母亲的声音,也不是我能辨认的某个人的声音,当然也不是我本人的声音。
那是人的声音,但是内在的,我倾听的正是内心深处的声音。
对我而言,那就是故事本身的声音,就是诗本身的声音。
那抑扬顿挫的声音,不论它要你相信的是什么,那印刷文字中蕴含的情感,通过诵读者的声音传递给我:我一直猜想,却始终没能证实,所有的读者都如此——边读边听,所有的作者都如此——边写边听。
那或许是写作欲望的一部分。
对我而言,落在纸页上的声音可帮助测试写下来的是否是实事真情。
我不知道我相信到这个程度是否对头。
如今我也不知道自己能不能做到只读不写,或只写不读。
在写小说时,我也能听见文字落纸的声音,与我读书时听到的声音一样。
我写着,那声音传入耳内,于是我闻声而动,加以修改。
我一直信赖这一声音。
Unit 2PartⅡTextA Let's Go Veggie!咱们吃素吧!如果有一件事,既能增进健康、减少患上食物引起的疾病的危险,又有助于保护环境、保护千万动物安全生存,你做不做?我说的这件事就是每次坐下来就餐时挑选菜肴。
一百多万加拿大人已经行动起来:他们决定不吃肉。
变化速度之快令人惊叹。
素食品的销售额大大增加,前所未有。
尤受欢迎的是无肉汉堡包和热狗,以及以蔬为主的印度、中国、墨西哥、意大利和日本的菜肴。
推动人们转向素食的是医学研究提出的关于如何增进健康的建议。
一项又一项的研究都揭示了同样的基本事实:果蔬降低患慢性病的危险;肉类食品则增加这种危险。
美国饮食学协会指出,“科学资料表明,素食与降低多种慢性变性疾病的患病危险肯定有关系。
”去年秋天,在检验了4500个饮食与癌症的研究报告之后,世界癌症研究基金会直截了当地指出:“我们一向利用不合适的养料来维持人类生理引擎的运转。
”据威尔夫大学营养科学教授布鲁斯?霍拉勃称,这一“不合适的养料”致使加拿大每年用于治疗变性疾病的费用高达4000亿(加)元。
肉类食品存在严重的营养缺陷:它们不含纤维,含有过多的饱和脂肪和胆固醇,甚至可能含有微量的激素、类固醇和抗菌素。
牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉或鱼肉都一样。
肉类食品也是越来越广为人知的大肠杆菌、弯曲菌以及其他致病细菌的孳生地。
据加拿大食品检验机构称,十分之六的鸡染有沙门氏菌。
吃肉无异于玩俄式轮盘赌,拿你的健康做赌资。
既然如此,政府为什么不采取任何措施?很遗憾,政府屈服于强有力的院外活动集团的压力,如牛肉信息中心、加拿大禽蛋营销公司、加拿大乳牛场场主协会等。
根据信息自由法案获得的有关文件记载,这些集团迫使加拿大最新食品指南在1993年公布前作出修改。
这并不奇怪。
即使建议动物蛋白质的摄入量减少一丁点儿都会给这些企业带来每年数十亿元的损失。
健康和食品安全是选择素食生活方式令人信服的理由,但此外还有更为重大的因素要考虑。
以饲养动物为基础的农业是世界上对环境破坏最严重的产业之一。
想一想培育、饲养、建牲畜栏、运输、加工和包装加拿大每年宰杀的5亿头牲畜所需的巨大资源。
其中的每一个环节都耗费水和能源。
阿尔伯达农业署估计,生产肉耗费的能源比生产谷物多10-20倍。
用于直接为人们提供食物的土地还不到农业用地的四分之一。
其余的都用来放牧和种饲料。
森林、湿地和草原的生态系统遭受相当严重的破坏,以满足对土地的需求。
土地的大量利用加剧了表土的流失,增加了会带来负面作用的化肥和杀虫剂的施用,增加了从筑有水坝的河流中引水灌溉的需求。
如果人们能摒弃肉食,许多土地就能回复到未开垦状态。
问题在于,动物在把植物转化为可食用的肉类这方面的效率很低。
举例来说,美国政府估测,生产1公斤猪肉需要耗费8.4 公斤的谷物。
我们把这么多资源耗费在动物身上,又得到什么回报呢?粪肥——据官方资料,仅加拿大,就以每秒10,000多公斤的速度排出。
加拿大环境部称,牛每产1公斤可食牛肉需排出40公斤粪便。
安大略省农业部估测,一家大型禽蛋工厂每星期可产出50-100吨禽粪。
这些粪便都到哪儿去了?1992年安大略省地下水调查发现,43%的被测试水井都受到含有粪便大肠杆菌和硝酸盐等农业生产排出的废物的污染。
本月初,阿尔伯达一家大型围栏肥育地经营者被指控将3千万升牛粪排入博河,“沿途生灵悉数被毁”,一则新闻这么报道。
此外还有沼气,那是促使全球气候变暖和臭氧层减少的主要气体。
不把天然沼气资源包括在内,加拿大27%的沼气、全世界20%的沼气都来自牲畜。
获普利策提名奖的《新美洲饮食》一书作者约翰?罗宾斯说得好:“食用食物链较低部分的食物或许是我们可用以阻止环境破坏、保护自然资源的最最有效的行动。
”我们的环境也包括为食其肉而被宰杀的动物。
当今工厂化农场的牲畜寿命极短,过着悲惨的、不正常的生活,这已是公认的事实。
作为我在沃特卢大学研究工作的一部分,我参观过一些全国最大的“加工”厂。
这个经历让我日后尽做噩梦。
我见到“固执”的牛被打、尖叫着的猪在屠宰室被人用电卡钳追逐。
我万分震惊地目睹一头牛躲过了眩晕枪,结果被缚住后腿倒挂起来,惨遭活剐,一直挣扎到断气。
工头见我惊骇不已,便说:“管它呢!它们反正得死。
”由于传送线停转一分钟就要损失好几百元,家畜的利益就变得不如利润重要。
据加拿大农业署称,在加拿大,每个工作日,每小时有150,000多头家畜被“加工”。