2018-2019学上海中学高三上英语9月摸底考
2018-2019学年高三iread试卷4（含答案）
试卷编号：190042019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语模拟试卷iREAD中学英语测评（命题）研宄中心I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A professor. B. A coach. C. A shop assistant. D. A school librarian.2. A. People often invite him to parties. B. He does not like to attend parties.C. He does not work on Fridays.D. People enjoy his company.4. A. He does not know Amy‟s new phone number.B. He forgot to phone Amy earlier today.C. Amy‟s phone number has not changedD. The woman should ask Amy for the phone number.5. A. He doesn't care about what Professor Smith said.B. Professor Smith will forgive him for his absence.C. He has never missed Professor Smith‟s class.D. Professor Smith was not in class today.6. A. She is going to start a new experiment.B. She is planning to finish the experiment on Friday.C. She has been given more time to finish the experiment.D. She has no plan for when to start the experiment.7. A. Nancy will go play tennis soon.B. He is much less patient than Nancy.C. The woman should play tennis with Nancy.D. Nancy should pick up her bat at the post office.8. A. She thinks the man is funny. B. She got sick from last night‟s dinner.C. She feels better than she did last night.D. She will meet the man for dinner tonight.9. A. He thinks Betty should take a business class.B. He got angry with Betty at the meeting.C. He admires Betty for expressing her opinion.D. He did not understand what Betty said.10. A. He did not pay attention to the time. B. His class lasted longer than usual.C. He got lost on the way to the movie.D. He did not know what time the movie started.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Applying some time in advance. B. Being wealthy enough.C. Owning a restaurant.D. Destroying his own college room.12. A. They cause damage to the place where they meet.B. They have begun to enroll girl students recently.C. They have never been arrested despite what they do.D. They are allowed by the police to break something not so valuable.13. A. Club members are usually young but mature.B. Club members don‟t need to regret their deeds.C. Some from club members have become important people.D. Some former club members actually don‟t like what they did.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The development of the Elm Society. B. Growing new kinds of elm trees.C. The importance of elm trees.D. A problem affecting the American elm.15. A. The extremely dry weather.B. Insects that introduce some bacteria to the tree.C. Nearby stronger trees that get more water.D. Bugs that destroy the trees' roots.16. A. By controlling the carriers of the disease. B. By growing a stronger kind of the elm.C. By watering infected elm trees.D. By cutting down all infected elms. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. In a classroom. B. On the beach. C. In a physics lab. D. On the train.18. A. How to walk on the hot sand. B. How to stay cool on a hot day.C. What happened in physics class.D. What is meant by specific heat.19. A. The hot sand. B. The cold water. C. His physics class. D. His college.20. A. Its temperature does not change very much.B. Its specific heat is hard to measure.C. It takes quite a lot of energy to raise its temperature.D. It becomes warmer as it comes in contact with sand.II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Let your body do the talking!Y ou‟re going for that all-important interview—for a place in a new school or college, or for anew job. Y ou walk into the room and there they are—the interviewers—waiting to see (21)_________ you are made of?But did you know that the actual words you speak are (22) _________ (important) than the wayyou look，the way you behave? Remember, they won‟t just be listening to you, they‟ll be watchingyou too,（23) _________ (receive) all the messages you send out, consciously or unconsciously. Andthen they‟ll decide whether you are the right person for that place or that job. Nervous? Don‟t be. Relax. Just follow the four points.1. Don‟t cross anything! Keep arms, legs, and feet relaxed a nd uncrossed. People with(24)_________ (fold) arms look they‟re trying to protect themselves from something. They seem (25) _________ (say)41 am not confident.‟2. Make direct eye contact! A void looking away all the time because it makes you look suspicious. Look directly at the people who are asking you questions or who you are talking to.(26)_________ (lower) your head all the time and they won‟t be able to see the enthusiasm in youreyes.3. Mirror their actions! One of the best ways of gaining people's trust and confidence is tomove in the same way as they do. Listen to the speed (27) _________which they‟re talking, and watchthe way they sit or move around. Do the same, but do it slowly at first. Y ou don‟t want them to think you (28) _________ (make) fun of them.4. Use your head! When somebody asks you a question don't just say the first thing(29) _________comes into your head. Think about your answers. Always say to yourself, 4Why arethey asking this question?‟（30) _________when you know that, you‟ll probably be able to give anappropriate answer!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Clash of the dronesLast year, London's Gatwick Airport had to change the course of flights when a drone A 机）was ______31____ flying nearby. In the UK, there were more than 100 incidents involving drones close to airports in 2017—the most ever, and other countries have seen similar increases. Reports of near _____32_____ are at an all-time high.So authorities are eager to find ways to bring down drones safely and reliab ly. But the task is harder than you might think. That‟s why Dutch police and the country‟s Ministry of Justice and Security ______33____a competition designed to test out the tech required to take out a …naughty‟ drone.Nicknamed as the “anti-drone” compet ition, the aim of DroneClash was to home in on a reliable way to draw illegal or ____34______ drones out of the sky. The organisers put up a$30,000 prize for the best idea.In DroneClash, the teams each had to defend a “queen drone” and use “attack drones” to battle their opponents. To reach the queens, the attackers had to travel through the Hallway of Doom Death and Destruction, which included a variety of counter-drone ______35____ such as bright lights，smoke and a net launcher. “DroneClash is like Robo t Wars in the air, ‟‟ says Bart Remes at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, one of the competition‟s organisers.Teams could score points for taking down other drones, but____36______points were awarded for stopping drones, grabbing them and safely placing them in a nearby box. Although many teams were keeping their ____37______ secret, some had developed methods for safely drawing drones out of the air in an attempt to get the largest number of points, says Remes.Although the event was _____38_____ to be fun, DroneClash has a more _____39_____side. “I know of one incidence where an ambulance helicopter couldn‟t land because of a drone flying,” says Wiebes. "A UK Department of Transport study last year showed that even a small drone may damage a plane‟s windshield. “We are a(n) ______40____ believer in drones and how they will improve society:‟ says Remes. “But there also need to be no go zones where we can do something against drones for public safety.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.I‟ve been fascinated by happiness most of my life. When I was a small boy, I noticed that though many of the adults around me were wealthy and educated, they were not always happy and this sometimes led them to behave in ways which I, as a child, thought strange. _____41_____, I decidedto understand what happiness was and how best to achieve it. It was not surprising, then, that I decided to study ____42______.On arrival at the University of Chicago fifty years ago, I was______43____ to find that academic psychologists were trying to understand human behaviour by studying rats in a laboratory. I felt that there must be other more useful ways of learning how we think and feel. Although my original aim had been to achieve happiness for myself, I became more_____44_____. I decided to build my career on trying to discover what made others happy also. I_____45_____ by studying creative people such as musicians, artists and athletes because they were people who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do, ______46____ things that just brought them financial rewards.Later, I ____47______the study by inventing a system called …the experience sampling method‟. Ordinary people were asked to keep an electronic pager for a week which gave out a beeping sound eight times a day. Every time it did so, they_____48_____ where they were, what they were doing, how they felt and how much they were concentrating. This system has now been used on more than 10,000 people and the answers are consistent (一致的)as with_____49_____ people,ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard.After carrying out thirty years of research and writing eighteen books, I believe I have _____50_____ that happiness is quite different from what most people imagine. It is not something that can be bought or collected. People need more than just wealth and comfort in order to lead happy lives. I found that the most obvious cause of happiness is intense _____51_____. This must be the main reasonwhy activities such as music, art, literature and sports have survived. In order to concentrate, whether you're reading a poem or building a sandcastle, what you need is a challenge that _____52_____your ability. The way to remain continually ____53______therefore, is to keep finding new opportunities to improve your skills. This may mean learning to do your job better or faster, or doing other more difficult jobs. As you grow older you have to find new challenges, which are more appropriate to your age.I have spent my life studying happiness and now, as I look back, I wonder if I have ______54____ it. Overall, I think I have and my belief that I have found the____55______ to its secret has increased my happiness immeasurably.41. A. On the whole B. As a result C. To some degree D. In the meanwhile42. A. physiology B. art C. medicine D. psychology43. A. disappointed B. amazed C. relieved D. annoyed44. A. sympathetic B. ambitious C. idealistic D. doubtful45. A. took off B. stood up C. started out D. broke through46. A. not to mention B. as well as C. rather than D. in favour of47. A. expanded B. interpreted C. completed D. evaluated48. A. made up B. objected to C. depended on D. wrote down49. A. creative B. diligent C. common D. important50. A. implied B. proved C. promised D. questioned51. A. awareness B. pressure C. concentration D. desire52. A. affects B. reveals C. underrates D. matches53. A. enduring B. attentive C. original D. happy54. A. achieved B. deserved C. considered D. struck55. A. references B. solutions C. keys D. linksSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that November 24 and 25, 2005 are important dates in the history of modem medicine. At that time, a team of surgeons in France achieved a medical breakthrough when they succeeded in performing the first partial face transplant.A38-year-old Frenchwoman, Isabelle Dinoire, had been badly disfigured when her dogtried to wake her after she had taken some sleeping pills. After the dog's 'attack9, she had terrible injuries. She had lost most of her nose, lips and chin. As a result, she had difficulty eating and drinking. The doctors at the hospital decided to improve the quality of her life by giving her a partial face transplant.Ms Dinoire is making a good recovery after her operation. However, she will have to take drugs for many years to come so that her body does not reject the new face tissue. No one really knows what the effects of these drugs will be on her health in the long term. She will probably also need psychological treatment as she adjusts to her 4new face\Dr Jean-Michel Dubemard, a leading transplant expert who participated in the surgery, explained that the woman's face 'will not exactly resemble her face before, but neither will it completely resemble that of the donor.‟ He said.While some people approve of the operation, others have been more critical. They question whether Ms Dinoire was able to agree to the operation when she was in such an emotional state at the time. Other medical experts say that the team should have tried more traditional reconstruction surgery before risking a face transplant.The operation was the first partial face transplant using skin from another person. Apparently, skin from another person‟s face is usually a better match than skin from another part of the patient‟s body.Since the French operation, surgeons in other countries have received permission to perform face transplants. In a few years, time, surgeons in other countries will probably have carried out many such transplants, and the debate about face transplants will undoubtedly continue.56. What difficulty may Isabelle Dinoire have in the coming years?A. She may start to learn how to eat and drink again.B. She may need several more operations to recover.C. She may meet with some mental problems.D. She may have to get used to another person‟s face.57. What is special about the operation?A. It fails to take the difference between the patient‟s face and the donor‟s into account.B. It was intended to give other countries an example for how to do face transplant.C. No permission from the authorities had been given before it was performed.D. No operation has been carried out before by using a donor‟s face skin.58. Why do some people object to such an operation?A. It costs more than traditional face surgery.B. It may not be of the patient^ own will.C. It has no official regulations to follow.D. It requires doctors' strong emotion.59. What is the passage mainly about?A. The debate over the face transplant.B. The world's first partial face transplant.C. The advantage and disadvantages of face transplants.D. The patient that has undergone a partial face transplant.(B)1. A Beijing woman is so angry with a local cinema that she is suing (^i^) them for wasting her time. Chen Xiaomei is suing the cinema's owners because she was not warned about the 20 minutes of adverts and trailers before the main feature. She is demanding a full refund (35 yuan), a certain amount of money to make up for emotional damage and a written apology. In addition, Xiaomei now says that length of advertisements should be published on its website. In total, they should be less than five minutes, she believes.2. Terrified by the latest horror film? Or in tears at the latest romantic comedy?Soon advertisers will be able to see your reaction to a film, so that adverts can be changed to make them more effective. Technology is now being developed which can capture how the cinema audience reacts. It will give film directors and advertisers useful information about what audiences enjoy and what captures their attention,* says the inventor, Dr Abdul Farooq. The technology will also be used to find pirates who secretly record films and then sell them illegally.3. A German DJ has broken the record for the world‟s longest non-stop radio show. Dominik Schollmayer, 26, ran his show for 169 hours on end, beating the previous record by one hour. Schollmayer was observed by doctors all through his broadcast: they said that the DJ had gone …completely mad‟ and was dancing like a crazy man‟ in the last few hours. At the end, Schollmayer said he was …totally exhausted‟.60. The best title of _______ might be “Who‟s watching the audience?”A. story 1B. story 2C. story 3D. story 461. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the stories above?A. Chen Xiaomei holds that there shouldn‟t be adve rtisements before a filmB. Those who sell films illegally often skip the advertisements.C. The previous record of the world‟s longest non-stop radio show was 168 hours.D. Kim Perez knew she would be proposed to before the weather forecast started.62. Where are the stories above most likely to appear?A. In a newspaperB. In an advertising leafletC. In a travel guideD. In an instruction mamual(C)Neuro-technology has long been a favorite of science-fiction writers. In “Neuromancer”,a wildly inventive book by William Gibson written in 1984，people can use neural(神经的）implants to get into the sensory experiences of others. Iain M. Banks came up with the idea of a neural lace, a mesh（网格）that grows into the brain，in his “Culture” series of novels.“The Terminal Man*' by Michael Crichton, published in 1972, imagines the effects of a brain implant on someone who is convinced that machines are taking over from humans.Where the sci-fi led, philosophers are now starting to follow. In Howard Chizeck‟s l ab at the University of Washington, researchers are working on an implanted device to administer deep-brain stimulation (DBS) in order to treat a common movement disorder called essential tremor. Traditionally, DBS stimulation is always on, wasting energy and robbing the patient of asense of control. The lab‟s ethicist (伦理学家), Tim Brown, a doctoral student of philosophy, says that some DBS patients suffer a sense of isolation and complain of feeling like a robot.To change that, the team at the University of Washington is using neuronal activity associated with intentional movements to turn the device on. But the researchers also want to enable patients to use a conscious thought process to override these settings. That is more useful than it might sound: stimulation currents for essential tremor can cause side-effects like distorted speech, so someone about to give a presentation, say, might wish to shake rather than make his words unclear. Giving humans more options of this sort will be essential if some of the more advanced visions for brain-computer interfaces are to be realized. Hannah Maslen from the University of Oxford is another ethicist who works on a BCI project. One of her jobs is to think through the distinctions between inner speech and public speech: people need a dependable mechanism for separating what they want to say from what they think.That is only one of many ethical questions that the sci-fi versions of brain-computer interfaces bring up. What protection will BCIs offer against neural hacking? Who owns neural data, including information that is gathered for research purposes now but may be understandable in detail at some point in the future? Where does accountability lie if a user does something wrong? And if brain implants are performed not for treatment but to improve peopled abilities, will that make the world an even more unequal place?63. What do the three books mentioned in paragraph 1 have in common?A. They are all among what philosophers like best.B. They all tell the stories well beyond imagination.C. They are all works of the greatest sci-fi writers of the time.D. They all deal with people‟s losing control of their brains.64. The research of the team at the University of Washington is intended to .A. improve the accuracy of DBSB. let patients decide when to turn on DBSC. separate what we think from what we sayD. get rid of the side effects of stimulation currents65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Neuronal activity fails to work without intentional movements.B. Brain-computer interfaces do more harm than good.C. People suffering from essential tremor will shake.D. DBS settings cannot be changed once fixed.66. What will the passage most probably talk about next?A. How these questions will be handled.B. Why these questions used to be ignored.C. Which questions come from science fiction.D. Who has first raised these questions.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentencecan be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The World’s Worst AirportLike expensive watches that never break, the world‟s best airports can be boring. Y ou land, breeze through passport control and check into a hotel within minutes. The experience is pleasant, but not memorable. _______67______ To adapt Tolstoy, lovely airports are all alike, but every (不幸的）airport is wretched in its own way.Consider Juba, the airport in South Sudani capital, which is a hot tent. Planes are often late, so passengers must sweat for hours. The departure hall has no toilets, no food and no queuing system. Lucky is the traveller who finds a chair that is only half-broken. Since dirty water and tropical diseases are common, so are upset stomachs. Tough luck. Travellers should have thought twice before eating salad._________68____ Big important people's servants carry their bags, which are ostentatiously (卖弄地) passed round, not through, the scanner. Since the machine seldom works, little people are in effect up- graded to big important status by not having their bags scanned for guns and explosives, either.South Sudan is at war, so many UN planes take off from Juba carrying aid workers and emergency supplies. _______69______ When a journalist was booked on a UN flight, he was assured by the government that his papers were in order. Y et at the airport he was told to get a fourth permit, as well as the three expensive ones he had already obtained. This required a trip across town. Predictably, he missed his plane.Juba has three terminals, but only one is in use. After South Sudan became independent in 2011, the government planned to build an airy structure of glass, steel and concrete. ______70_______In 2016 the government decided to build a more modest terminal. But it, too, stands half-completed and empty, next to the tented camp that people actually have to use. Travellers are advised to bring a good, long book.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Rubbish on the roof of the worldY ou might think that the top of Mountain Everest, the highest point in the world, would be one of the few places left on the planet that is free from human rubbish. Y ou'd be wrong. In fact, the mountain is covered with the litter left behind by the thousands of climbers who have reached the peak over the last 50 years.Climbing Mount Everest is a tough task that requires a lot of equipment. Oxygen tanks,tents, sleeping bags and food and water supplies are all necessary for a successful ascent. Once climbers have reached the top, they no longer need as much equipment and there is little reason to carry heavy loads back down the mountain, so the temptation is to leave everything behind. In the days when climbing the mountain was a rare occurrence this wasn't a problem. But now, with more than 40 people getting to the top on some days, the amount of litter has become unacceptable.Recently, many well-known mountaineers have been complaining about the problem and Sir Edmund Hillary (1919-2008), the first man to climb Mount Everest (with Tenzing Norgay in 1953), called for a five-year ban on climbing the summit. But thousands of local people rely on the tourism and the government of Nepal is keen to encourage visitors rather than put them off.But now the government of Nepal, in the face of international criticism, has decided to take action. Each expedition that wants to climb the mountain has to play a $4,000 deposit to the Nepalese authorities. The deposit is refunded if the climbers bring their rubbish back down the mountain. Climbers are also encouraged to use metal containers rather than plastic or glass. These can be crushed once they are empty and then recycled by local business which turn them into knives and forks.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.重要的是坚持下去的勇气。
2018-2019学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷
2018-2019学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷第I卷第一部分：英语听力（共两节，共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分。
）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does this conversation most probably take place?A. At a nursery.B. In a laundry. C . In a library.2. When are Jenny’s parents coming?A. In April.B. In June.C. In February.3. What will the woman probably do?A. Buy the writer’s new book.B. Go to visit the writer.C. Write a book review4. What does the man mean?A. The lady’s room is a long way from here.B. The woman has to sign up for using the lady’s room.C. The woman is not able to use the lady’s room right now.5. Why won’t the woman eat any more?A. She is losing weight.B. She isn’t feeling well.C. She has had enough.第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或对白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。
上海师范大学附属中学2018届高三9月开学摸底考英语试题 含答案
2018学年松江区上师大附中高三第一学期英语摸底考试卷I. Listening Comprehension (30%)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (26%)（A）We have two daughters: Kristen is seven years old and Kelly is four. Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner. Both of them (25)__________(dress) them nicely for the party, and told them that their job was (26)__________(join) Mommy in answering the door when the bell rang.The guests arrived. I introduced my two daughters to each of guests. Each of the (27)__________ made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big "to do" over the younger one because she's the one (28)__________ seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions. But it is we parents (29)__________ seldom think of how it might affect the other child.I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined. I was about to serve dinner (30)__________ I realized that she had been missing for twenty minutes. I ran upstairs and found her in the bedroom,(31)__________(cry). I said, "What are you doing, my dear?" She turned to me with a sad expression and said, "Mommy, why don't people like me the way they like my sister? Is it because I'm not pretty? Is that (32)_________ they don't say nice things about me as much?" I tried to explain to her, kissing and hugging her to make her feel (33)__________(good). Now, (34)__________ I visit a friend's home, I make it a point to speak to the elder child first.（B）Increasing dependence on iPads, computers and smartphones has left many young people with an eye problem that usually affects those much older.Millions are developing ‘dry eye’, a condition that results in gritty, itchy, inflamed(发炎的) eyes, (35) __________ __________ hours staring at a screen.When we use such devices, the mind focuses so strongly on the screen we(36)__________ can ‘forget’ to blink, according to dry eye specialist Dr Christine Purslow. This can affect the eye’s lubrication system, she said.We normally blink 12-15 times a minute, but using a computer screen (37)__________ cut this to seven or eight a minute. This leaves the tear film – the lubricating substance that protects the surface of the eye – not working properly.About 30 per cent of those over 50 have dry eye but numbers are rising, with many more young people (38)__________(affect).Younger people (39)__________(experience) problem nowadays because of the modern office, with computers and air-conditioners making it worse,as well as home use of display screens.‘As (40)__________ nation we are getting older, which means the proportion sufferingage-related dry eye is increasing,’ Dr Purslow said.Section BModern inventions have speeded up people’s loves amazing. Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, __41__cross the world inside a day, while computers operate at __42__ speed. Indeed, this love of speed seems never-ending. Every year motor-cars are produced which go even faster and each new computer boasts of saving __43__ seconds in handling tasks.All this saves time, but at a price. When we lose or gain half a day in speeding across the world in an airplane, our bodies tell us so. We get the __44__ feeling known as jet-lag; our bodies feel that they have been left behind on another time zone. Again, speeding too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers. Mobile phones also have their dangers, according to some scientists; too much use may send harmful radiation into our brains, a __45__ we do not like to think about.However , what do we do with the time we have saved? Certainly not relax, or so it seems. We are so accustomed to __46__ activities that we find it difficulty to sit and do nothing or even just one thing at a time. Perhaps the days are long gone when we might listen quietly to a story on the radio, letting imagination take us into another world.There was a time when some people’s lives were devoted simply to the __47__ of the land or the care of cattle. No multi-tasking there; their lives went on at a much gentler pace, and in a familiar pattern. There is much that we might __48__ a way of life like this. Yet before we do so, we must think of the hard tasks our ancestor faced: they __49__ with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood and stone. Modern __50__ has freed people from that primitive(原古的)existence.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s believed that intelligent people are better at learning languages. Most language learning s kills, __51__, are habits, which can be formed through a bit of discipline and self-awareness. But, some of them are not good enough. Here are the three most common __52__ language learners ma ke and how to correct them.Not listening enoughThere’s a school of language-teaching experts that believe language learning __53__ a ―sile nt period‖. Just as babies learn to produce language by hearing and parroting sounds, language lear ners need to practise listening in order to learn. This can develop learned vocabulary and structures, and help learners see patterns in language.Listening is the communicative skill we use most in daily life, but it can be __54__ to practis e unless you live in a foreign country or attend language classes. The solution? Find music, podcas ts, TV shows and movies in the __55__ language, and listen, listen, listen, as often as possible.A single methodSome learners are most comfortable with the listen-and-repeat drills of a language lab. Some need a grammar textbook to __56__ a foreign tongue. Each of these approaches is fine, but it’s a mistake to rely on only one. Language learners who use __57__ methods get to practise different s kills and see concepts explained in different ways. What’s more, the __58__ can keep them from working in a situation that never changes. When choosing a class, learners should seek a course th at __59__ the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking). For self-study, try a _ _60__ of textbooks, audio lessons, and language learning apps.__61__It doesn’t matter how well a person can write in foreign script, or finish a vocabulary test. To learn, improve, and truly use our language, we need to speak. This is the stage when language students should calm down, and feelings of __62__ or insecurity hinder（阻碍）all their hard work. In Eastern cultures where saving face is a strong social value, EFL teachers often complain that students, despite years of studying English, simply will not speak it. They’re too __63__ making mistakes of the grammar or mispronouncing words in a way that would __64__ them.The key is that those mistakes help language learners by showing them the limits of language, and correcting errors __65__ they become deep-rooted. The more learners speak and practise, the more quickly they improve.51. A. however B. moreover C. furthermore D. therefore52. A. successes B. wonders C. mistakes D. contributions53. A. picks up B. begins with C. takes up D. meets with54. A. efficient B. difficult C. easy D. ideal55. A. national B. official C. sign D. target56. A. make sense of B. make use of C. make profit of D. make fun of57. A. common B. educational C. permanent D. multiple58. A. variety B. change C. improvement D. alternative59. A. postpones B. lacks C. assesses D. practises60. A. selection B. preference C. combination D. replacement61. A. Complaints B. Fear C. Secure D. Diligence62. A. humor B. shyness C. achievements D. laughter63. A. confident in B. comfortable with C. keen on D. afraid of64. A. amuse B. inform C. remind D. embarrass65. A. if B. before C. in case D. so thatSection BDirections: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or furnished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Winter is a great time to experiment with new sports. The key is to find one that matches your interests and natural abilities. If you like to walk, keep walking-on snowshoes. If you want to try an endurance sport, go for cross-country skiing. Besides, snowboarding is just great fun.Not satisfied with these? Try downhill skiing, then. Downhill skiing is not as hard as it used to be ― shorter, lightweight, curved skis make any beginner feel like an Olympic winner. These newer skis ― along with another type of equipment called skiboards, which are even shorter than skis ― help you control your speed and body movements.Consider testing the latest high-tech skis or snowboards？Check with your local sports shops or the rental places at the ski mountains about sample programs.You could also try sledding. Use a wood-framed sled with steel runners or a plastic sled to head down a snowy hill. If you prefer ice to snow, think hockey or figure skating.Runners can also train during the winter in spite of wet or slippery roads. One of the easiest sports around, snowshoeing can be excellent cold-weather cross-training for runners and cyclists ― or anyone wanting to take a wintry walk in the woods. Snowshoes are smaller, lighter, and better than ever. If you want to try them out, you may be able to rent a pair for a day at many of the larger outdoor or sporting goods stores.Whatever sport you choose, don’t rely on a friend for instruction. You wouldn’t let an inexperienced doctor perform a brain operation on you, but why let one teach you to ski or skate? That’s what instructors are for ― to help newcomers start out right. Instructors can give you advice about equipment, techniques, safety, and dealing with injuries if they do happen to you.Above all, if you want to progress, invest your time in learning the basic skills thoroughly. Everything else you do as a skier, boarder, or skater will be built on these first skills.66. How many different types of sports are mentioned in the first two paragraphs?A. Six.B. Five.C. Four.D. Three.68. What can we learn from the passage?A. Runners and cyclists cannot train because of the wet or slippery roads in winter.B. Downhill skiing used to be more difficult to learn because of the old-fashioned skis.C. People can rent snowshoes for a day at their local sports shops or the rental places.D. In general, first skills are more important in skiing than in snowboarding or skating.69. What does the sentence “You wouldn’t let an inexperienced doctor pe rform a brain operation on you, but why let one teach you to ski or skate?” imply?A. Don’t let an inexperienced doctor perform an operation on you when injured.B. You may have a brain operation if you ski or skate with a newcomer.C. Instructors can give better advice on skiing and skating than your friends do.D. It’s dangerous to have an inexpert person teach you to ski or skate.70.Who are the most likely readers of the passage?A. High school students.B. Physical educators.C. Winter sports lovers.D. Professional athletes(B)New Zealand Education~ Compulsory EducationCompulsory education starts at age and ends at age 16.The day children turn 5,they are expected to start school. They can leave school as soon as they reach 16.~ Class SizeThe maximum number of students in a class is 30 students.~ ClassroomsStudents from year 0—8 stay in the same classroom for most subjects and move to other classrooms only for specific subjects. Even when they move from one classroom to another, they mostly stay together as a class. In year 9, students take some courses with their homeroom class and some optional classes with students from different classes. Starting from year 10, students no longer stay in the same classroom most of the time nor do they move around with their classes. They go to different classes based on their own choice and abilities.~ Term DatesA school year starts in January and ends in December. There are four terms in a year. Each term is about 10 weeks.~ Class ScheduleSchool starts at around 8:30 and ends at 15:15. There are only five periods a day and a period is about an hour long. In the morning, around 10:30, there will be a 20—30 minute interval when students and staff have morning tea. Students usually have some snacks during this time, and staff gathers in the staff room to drink coffee and eat some snacks. There is a lunch period at around 12:40 for about an hour.~ TeachersIn New Zealand, teachers have to teach students of different year level at the same time. Most teachers teach students from at least three to four different year levels. In addition, quite a number of teachers teach more than one subject. This is mainly due to the fact that many courses are optional.70. This passage is most probably taken from _____.A. an educational bookletB. a school websiteC. a traveling guideD.an academic report71. When you are in your 10th school year, you may _____.A. stay with your classmates in the same classroom for all the subjectsB. choose and take some optional courses with your homeroom classC. have both required and optional classes with the same classmatesD. choose different classes based on your own choice and abilities72. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You are obliged to leave school when you are 16 in New Zealand.B. The total of school time per year is about 40 weeks in New Zealand.C. Students have a 20—30 minute interval between each period in New ZealandD. Most teachers in New Zealand teach one subject for at least three to four years.(C)Will young people in the future get the same kind of higher education as they do today?Perhaps no Bill Gates, for one, thinks the idea of a college education is on the way out.“Five years from now on the Web of free you’ll be ab le to find the best lectures in the world, said the 55-year-old Microsoft chairman at the Techonomy conference in california. US, last month. “It will be better than any single university.” he continued. Gates points out the high expense of cllege tuition fees and argues that textbooks are of lower quality than resources available online.Online technology is the only way to reform education and to expand it, Gates claims although he certainly has an interest in its increased use.Google has now scanned and made available online 7 million books and Wikipedia is the world’s largest ever encyclopedia(百科全书). Changes such as these are altering the way people share information.“suddenly, it is possible to imagine a new model of education using online reso urces to serve more students, more cheaply than ever before.” Anya Kamentetz wrote, in an article for the magazine Fast Company.The author thinks that traditional universities will find themselves on the wrong side of history, along with print newspapers and record stores. A Professor of Brigham Young University in US, agrees.” if universities can’t find the will to innovate and adapt to changes in the world around them, universities will be irrelevant by 2180.The Massachusetts Institute of Technology put coursework online for free in 2001. Today, there are a great many educational websites, offering video and audio lectures by the best professors in their fields for free.With more university course materials available on the Web, education is ch anging fast. “The old model of education is no longer sustainable(可持续的). The university of the future can’t be far away,” Kamenetz concluded.But there are worries.“I see a problem with online lectures. Learners have access to games, blogs and other sites at aclick of a button. Those are more fun than a lecture. Being in a classroom at least makes them more focused on the lecture,” said one student in Wuhan.Gates also commented that students would need to be as hard-working as ever: “ Well, prov ided they’re self-motivated learners.”pared with college education today, online resources _________.A are inexpensive and allow a course to combine a wide range of subjects.B allow students to learn and play at the same time.C are of better qualit y and meet students’ needs better.D emphasize the improvement of students’ practical skills.75.The underlined word “irrelevant” in paragraph 6 could be replaced by_______.A in a fine conditionB beside the pointC behind the timesD no longer existent76.Which of the following is TRUE of Gates’ idea of higher education?A Universities will still be essential in the near future.B A university education on its own will not be enough in the future.C Online universities will definitely replace place-based universities.D College students need to work hard if they are to make full use of online resources.77.What’s the best title of the passage?A Present Education ModeB Future Online EducationC Ongoing College InnovationD V aluable Web Resources（D）MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) are free, but without tutoring, and are open to anyone, anywhere inthe world. The courses are flexible – normally three to five hours of study a week – done at any time, short (5 to 10 weeks) and video-rich. They are also heavily dependent on crowd sourcing: you can discuss a course with fellow students through online forums, discussion boards and peer review. Students don't have to finish the courses, pass assessments or do assignments, but, if they do, they get a certification of participation.The Open University launched FutureLearn, the UK's answer to US platforms such as Coursera, EdX and Udacity, which have been offering MOOCs from top US universities for the past two years. The response has been incredible, with more than three million people registering worldwide. Meanwhile, in 2018, Edinburgh University became the first non-US institution to joinCoursera's partnership, comprising 13 universities. “We already run 50 online master's degrees, so this was a logical expansion,” says Professor Jeff Haywood, Edinburgh's vice-principal. “It's an investment in teaching methods research. How am I going to teach introductory philosophy to 100,000 people? That's what I call educational R&D.” He adds “If you look ahead 10 years, you'd expect all students graduating to have taken some online courses, so you've got to research that. Our MOOCs are no more in competition with our degrees than a lifelong learning course because they don't carry cred its.”Cooperation is key, Haywood stresses. It is far better to offer 20-30 courses in your own areas of expertise (专门技能) and let other institutions do likewise. Professor Mike Sharples, FutureLearn's academic lead, goes further: “We've tied the elemen ts available before into a package of courses offered by leading universities worldwide on a new software platform, with a new way of promoting it and also a new social-learning teaching method. You won't just receive an exam, but be able to discuss and ma rk each other's assignments.”Bath University, one of more than 20 universities working with FutureLearn, launches its first course, Inside Cancer, next January, and regards MOOCs as a way of breaking down age barriers. "There's no reason why someone doing GCSEs should not look at our MOOCs and get quite a way through them, or someone at PhD level and beyond," says Professor Bernie Morley, expert for learning and teaching.78. MOOCs have these features EXCEPT that_______.A. MOOCs are free of charge for anyoneB. MOOCs can be adjusted according to people’s learning paceC. MOOCs provide teachers’ instructions if you have some difficultyD. MOOCs have a platform for learners to share their learning experience79. The response to FutureLearn has been thought to be unbelievable because ______.A. all the courses on the platform are available to anyone in the worldB. Edinburgh University became the first non-US institution to join itC. the number of people registering in the platform is beyond expectationD. students can get a certification of participation without passing assessments80. What can be inferred from Professor Bernie Morley in the last paragraph?A. People with various learning levels will probably show interest in MOOCs.B. People at PhD level have already known everything about MOOCs.C. Inside Cancer will be the most popular course for someone doing GCSEs.D. MOOCs are not so competitive as lifelong learning courses due to the problems ofcredits.81. The passage mainly deals with _____.A. the various opinions on FutureLearnB. the advantages of online teaching methodsC. the popularity of no-credit coursesD. the emergence of a new learning platformI. Translation. (22%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.阅读英文报能使我们接触大量的词汇。
2019届高三英语9月阶段检测试题
2018届高三上学期9月阶段检测英语试题（满分150分，时间90分钟）阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A.King's College Summer SchoolKing's College Summer School is an annual training program for high school students at all levels that w ant to improve their English. The teachers of King’s College and other colleges in New York give courses. Trips to museums and culture centers are also organized. This year's summer school will be from July 25 to August1. You can most probably read the text in _____.A. a newspaperB. a travel guideC. a textbookD. a telephone book2. Which of the following is true about King's College Summer School?A. Only top students can take part in the program.B. Only the teachers of King' s College give courses.C. King' s College Summer School is run every other year.D. Visits to museums and culture centers are part of the program.3. If you are to live with your relatives in New York, you will have to pay the school _____.A. $200B. $400C. $500D. $9004. What information can you get from the text?A. The program will last two months.B. You can write to Thompson only in English.C. You can get in touch with the school by e-mail or by telephone.D. As a Chinese student, you can send your application on July 14, 2017.B.In his new show, Evan Ruggiero plays guitar, sings pop standards and shows everybody his fine footwork. What makes all of these especially unusual is that Ruggiero, 24, has only one leg.When he was a 19-year-old musical theater student at New Jersey's MontclairStateUniversity, Ruggiero had a rare bone cancer in his right leg. Finally his leg would have to be amputated（截）below the knee.Such a setback could have easily ended the career of a less tough person, but Ruggiero, who has been dancing since he was five, now puts the experience into his performance. His show, "The One-Legged Song and Dance Man: Volume 3", explains how he returned to dance just 18 months after the amputation. His dance now relies on the use of a peg leg(假肢),he explains.The secret to his surprising success, he says, was being a "stubborn" patient who refused to give up on his dance and performing studies, despite the advice of his doctor.“It was a real setback, but after it was all over, I said, ' You know what? I need to pick up right where I left off and continue my career, '” Ruggiero said. Ruggiero has come to view his peg leg as an instrument. "Tap dancers-they're always calling themselves musicians, and their feet are their instrument, " he said.Noting that many audience members will never have seen a one-legged dancer before coming to his show, Ruggiero says he won't shy away from the physical "weakness" his performance shows because of his condition."A lot of people have come up to me, and they always say, 'You're such a role model and an inspiration, ' "he said. "I'm honored when people say that, of course, but I'm just trying to get on with my life."5. What makes Ruggiero's new show unusual?A. One-legged dance.B. His own artworks.C. The use of instrument.D. Songs of pop standard.6. According to the passage, it is true that__________.A. Ruggiero is a tough person with a strong willB. the setback has ended Ruggiero's dance careerC. Ruggiero is dancing relying on others' supportD. his doctor agreed he kept on dancing and studying。
2019届高三英语九月月考测试题【含答案】
2018-2019学年第一学期高三英语〔9月〕1. 考生注意：本试卷分第Ⅰ卷〔选择题〕、第Ⅱ卷〔非选择题〕和第Ⅲ卷〔听力〕三部分，总分值150分。
2. 试卷书写标准工整，卷面整洁清楚，酌情减1-5分，并计入总分。
题型比例题号与分值基础题对应题号(分值) 一、二35分三、四、五80分六、七35分一、二、三、七105分 12,13,14,154分七25分第I卷选择题〔共两节总分值45分〕一、单项填空〔共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分〕〔基础题〕1. ---Michael was late for Mr. Smith’s oral class this morning.--- _______? As far as I know, he never comes late to class.A. How comeB. Why notC. So whatD. What is it2. ---Can I help you?---I’d like to buy a present for my father’s birthday, _______ at the proper price but of great value.A. That B .everything C. one D. this3. ---Tom has made great progress recently.--- _______, and_______.A. So he has; so have youB. So has he, so have youC. So he has; so you have `D. So has he; so you have4. He made up his mind to devote all he had to_______ those poor children.A. helpB. helpingC. have helpedD. having helped5. ---Hi, Mary! It’s good to see you. How is everything going?--- _______.A. That’s all right.B. Not too bad.C. It’s nothing.D. Sounds good.6. It was the first time that the doctor _______ making a mistake concerning the patient.A. admittedB. had admittedC. has admittedD. would admit7. _______ in the traffic jam, I usually set out at 7:00 in the morning from home by car..A. To avoid to be caughtB. To avoid being caughtC. Avoiding being caughtD. Avoid to be caught8. ---With his leg _______ in the game, I’m afraid Tony can’t take part in the next match.---I _______ his home the other day, and his mum said he was still in hospital.A. injuring; have contactedB. being injured; have contactedC. to be injured; contactedD. injured; contacted9. A good teacher must______ to his students the importance of a proper learning method.A. get acrossB. get throughC. get awayD. get over10. The Olympic Sports Center _______at present in the city and is said to be open to the public in 2019A. is builtB. has builtC. is being builtD. will be built11._______ other countries, China is abundant in natural resources.A. Compare withB. Comparing toC. Comparing withD. Compared with〔易混易错辨析〕单项选择题组(一)12. I would rather you_______ at the moment so that we can hear the speech.13. I would rather _______ than go out at the weekend.A. keep quietB. kept quietC. stay at homeD. you stay at home.〔易混易错辨析〕单项选择题组(二)14. We all hope that you can _______ a better plan than this one.15. The fire was finally _______ with the firefighter’s efforts.A. put forwardB. put upC. put offD. put out二、完形填空〔共20小题；每题1分，总分值20分〕〔基础题〕Almost everything was fantastic in the camp except for a girl, Elizabeth. When I saw her sitting alone in the hot sun at lunch, I asked her to eat with us undera 16 tree. However, Elizabeth refused my kind 17 , When we invited her toplay volleyball with us, Elizabeth 18 our invitation, too. After a fewmore 19 refusals like that, I 20 to stay away from ElizabethIt 21 that we were going on a hike and our instructor paired everyone up with a partner. 22 who my partner turned out to be. It was Elizabeth!“What do you like to do for fun?”I asked, trying to make small 23 as we started out. “I like to 24 in peace and quiet,”Elizabeth 25 . So we had the quietest and most peaceful hike in the world 26 we saw a bird. “I think his wing is hurt. Poor little bird, Elizabeth said 27 . “He might be taking a rest over there.”I said. Elizabeth nodded. Then she whispered, “But what if he's in 28 , like my granddad?”“Your granddad? ”I said. “He 29 and broke his leg the day the camp started. He's 30 in hospital and is in so much pain,”Elizabeth explained. I noticed she was crying. “I m sorry for what I have done. For some reason, whenever I get really sad, I act rudely and want to be 31 ,”she added“I get it,”I said. “I don't always know how to 32 it when I'm feeling down, either. ”“Thanks, ”she said, wiping off her 33 .After that, Elizabeth seemed to get along well with us, and I think sheactually 34 the last few days of the camp.Next time, if someone is unfriendly, give him a second 35 . Maybe he's going through a tough time and just doesn't know how to deal with it16. A. tall B. warm C. shady D. pretty17. A. help B. suggestion C. order D. symbol18. A. turned over B. turned in C. turned down D. turned out19. A. unfriendly B. unfair C. unfit D. uncertain20. A. impressed B. decided C. pretended D. admitted21. A. happened B. seemed C. likely D. appeared22. A. Suppose B. Survey C. Dissolve D. Guess23. A. changes B. adjustment C. exchanges D. talk24. A. jog B. walk C. aim D. work25. A. commented B. replied C. complained D. insisted26. A. until B. unless C. though D. since27. A. frequently B. luckily C. sadly D. coldly28. A. pain B. silence C. peace D. permission29. A. appreciated B. fell C. lay D. copied30. A. yet B. already C. still D. ever31. A. independent B. kind C. unique D. alone32. A. concentrate B. defend C. handle D. react33. A. tears B. sweat C. kisses D. face34. A. avoided B. enjoyed C. starved D. expanded35. A. try B. approach C. life D. chance三、阅读理解〔共20小题；每题2.5分，总分值50分〕(中档题)阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最正确选项。
2018-2019学年交大附中高三英语摸底考 上海市 英语试卷及答案
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年第一学期高三英语摸底考试卷命题：廖智敏审核：朱雪艳II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts (1)__________our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants (2) __________ (make) the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun (3) __________ (screen) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, (4)__________they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is (5) __________ (great) known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without (6) __________ (damage); the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is (7) __________it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will no be discovered (8)the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet (9) __________men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage (10) __________ (do) by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.(B)Before I went to the British Koi Keepers’ Annual Show, I didn’t understand(1)______ people could take fish so seriously. However, the more I learned about koi, the more interested I became. As one expert told me, “Collecting koi is far more addictive than you might think. They’re as beautiful as butterflies and very calmi ng to watch.” Freddie Mercury, the lead singer of Queen, would have agreed----the pool in his specially built Japanese garden was home to 89 koi, (2) __________ cost up to £10,000 each.At the show I met koi euthusiast Jean Kelly. “Koi are getting more and more expensive,” she told me. “One recently sold for £250,000.” I was shocked-----that’s almost as much as I paid for my house. “Well, that was a record,” (3) __________ (admit) Jean. “The normal price is nowhere near as high as that.”Nevertheless, serious collectors can pay up to ￡15,000 for a fully (4)_______ (grow) koi, which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurious car, and the bigger they are, the more they cost. The cheapest I (5)________ find was ￡75 each, but they were only about twice as big as my goldfish. Jean wasn’t impressed by one of the koi on sale either. “Actually, these koi aren’t any nicer than (6)_______,” She commented. “(7)_______ they are slightly bigger than the ones I’ve got, I paid considerable less than this.”I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic as Jean, but I did consider (8)________ (buy) one. Then I remember that all but 5 of Freddie Mercury’s koi died when someone accidentally turned off the electricity supply to their pool. Jean assured me that with all the new equipment available the survival rate was getting better and better, and that looking (9)______ koi was no harder than taking care of any other pet. However, in the end of I decided to stick with my goldfish. They’re not nearly as beautiful as koi—but they’re a great deal c heaper (10)______(replace)!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beThe Beadles sang that money can't buy you love. But what about happiness? Research (41)______ shows that the more money people have, the more likely they are to report being satisfied with their lifes.And that makes sense: money buys you things that make life easier and more satisfying; the easier your life, the happier you tend to be. That relationship isn’t entirely linear, since there's a(n) (42)______to how much money can please you; the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful among people who don’t have much money to start with, and (43) ______as wealth increases. But studies also reveal that as (44) ______income levels have risen over time in the U.S. and European nations. For example---residents of those countries have not reported being any happier than people were 30 or 40 year ago. It's a paradox that while income and happiness may be (45) ______within a population at any given moment, overall economic growth does not appear to corresponded to a boost in national satisfaction over time.To understand why, researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decided to break down how individual people evaluate their income. What does wealth mean to people? Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth more-and are happier-when it compares (46) ______to everyone else's. The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that it is not simply how much money you make that (47) ______to satisfaction, but how much more money make than, say, the national average. The higher your salary than the norm, the happier you tend to be.But the reference-income hypothesis is rather (48) ______. The researchers wondered whether there was a more concrete way to capture how people valued their income. They (49) ______that people tended to make specific comparisons of personal wealth, not only with the average income of the larger population, but with the individual incomes of their neighbors, colleagues from college. And the higher their rank, the greater their sense of happiness and self-worth would (50) ______ be. "For example, people might care about whether they are the second most highly paid person or the eighth most highly paid person, in their comparison set.” write the author, Chris Boyce, a psychologist at the University of Warwick.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The beauty, majesty and timelessness of a primary rainforest are incredible. It is impossibleto 51._______ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.Rainforests have 52.______ over millions of years to turn into the incredible complex environment they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and 53._______ renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have 54. _______ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of mankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, species, industrial raw material, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. 55._______ the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate and fragile system. Everything is so 56. _______ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to 57._______ forever.The scale of human 58._______ on ecosystems everywhere has increased in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen -- at a cost to our 59._______. in 2001, the World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. The further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050, 60._______ it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood.In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in 61._______. in fewer than fifty years, more than half of the worlds tropical rainforests have fallen 62._______ to fire and the chainsaw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more that 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more that 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb this 63._______, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years.Massive 64._______ brings with it may ugly consequences--air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the 65._______ of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.51.A.present B.capture C.claim D.prove52.A. changed B.evolved C.expanded D.existed53.A. energizing B.healing C.isolating D.breathing54.A. contributed B.stored C.reduced D.affected55.A. However B.Furthermore C.Therefore D.Otherwise56.A. active B.sensitive C.interdependent D.delicate57.A. restore B.support C.revive st58.A. pressure B.power C.concern D.strength59.A.existence B.ecosystem C.planet D.survival60.A.unfortunately B.consequently C.naturally D.similarly61.A.store B.food C.smoke D.wealth62.A. subject B.down C.apart D.victim63.A.trend B.practice C.decrease D.attitude64.A.destruction B.industrialization C.modernization D.deforestation65.A. appearance B.explosion C.loss D.increase Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The definition of the standard kilogram is almost fundamentally wrong. Getting the definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use — quantities such as speed or electric power. All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined according to natural properties that are beyond human control.For example, the standard second (time) is defined as a specific number of vibration of a type of radiation sent out by atoms of a special metal. The standard metre (length), in turn, is defined as the length of the path light travels during a specific fraction of a second.Not so the kilogram. This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder（铂—铱合金筒）locked away in a container maintained by the International Bureau of Weights & Measures in Sevres, France.Embarrassingly, the last time the copies were brought to Sevres for a checkup in the 1980s, officials found that some copies had gained about 20 parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the 1940s. This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.No one kno ws what causes the weight changes. But the uncertainty can’t be tolerated when precision(精密度) in research and some manufacturing now demands accuracy to a few parts per billion.Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram in terms of basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity.A project of the latter type at the laboratories in Gaithersburg, Md., hopes eventually to define mass by means of electrical units. So far, none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit. They require the very accuracy of measurement and control of experimental conditions. The slightest pollution, tiny vibration, or other influence -- even changes in weather -- can ruin results. You’ve got to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking but extremely important research.66.Which of the following best paraphrases the s entence “Not so kilogram” in paragragh 4? A．The kilogram is not as accurate as the standard second.B．The kilogram is not universally accepted in the world.C．The kilogram is not defined in terms of natural properties.D．The kilogram is not well defined as time and length.67.Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?A．Experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.B．The uncertainty in the standard kilogram can seriously affect some research.C．The redefining of the standard kilogram is quite complicatedD．Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future68.According to the passage, to define the weight of mass in terms of electrical units ________.A．is one of the best methods to redefine the kilogram.B．has been accepted as the only possible redefinition projectC．is not as simple as what people can understandD．has been considered by some scientists as a better approach69.We can know form the passage that the redefinition of the kilogram is ________.A．more important in keeping market honesty.B．worth years of scientists’ painstaking research.C．the urgent requirement of business and manufacturing.D．bring about important and fruitful results.（B）Stewart Island Ferry ServicesWhile most visitors spend at least one night on Stewart Island, it is also readily accessible by ferry as a day excursion from Invercargill and Bluff.Experience Foveaux Strait in comfort and style on board our express catamarans. During the one-hour crossing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lookout for wildlife, especially seabirds. Watching mollymawks (albatross) soaring behind the ferry is a fantastic sight.Interesting landmarks commonly seen include Dog Island Lighthouse, Ruapuke Island, Titi Islands and Mt Anglem - Stewart Island’s highest point.Free tea and coffee on boardInterpretation handouts are available (English only).Wheelchair access availablePersonal baggage is carried free on the ferries - max. two bags per person (one stowed and one small carry-on). Additional baggage is by prior arrangement.“20% Multi-Purchase REWARD” on Return Ferry ServicesBuy 2 or more different excursions and SA VE 20% off all lower priced!Kids Go FREE on selected departures during NZ School Holidays!Kids Go FREE for travel 20 April - 5 May 2013.70.If leaving a car at Bluff, a traveler had better_________.A．refer to the handouts first B．use wheelchair accessC．make a reservation D．park it 30 minutes before departure time71.John, who went to Stewart Island on Dec. 28th, got to the ferry dock at 7:55am. When did he most probably leave Bluff?A．At 8:00a.m..B．At 9:30a.m..C．At 11:00a.m..D．At 3:00p.m..72.Which of the following is false about the ferry services?A．Tea and coffee are free for passengers.B．Children go free for travel for about 15 days.C．Travelers are sure to see some seabirds during the crossing.D．Passengers have to pay extra cost for extra pieces of luggage.（C）Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of "consumption" seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, h has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and l m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. America’s National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved. In the run-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Fund’s joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the body’s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.73.The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.”means_______.A.every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or laterB.human beings can deal with problems caused by diseaseC.Tuberculosis becomes a serious infection diseaseD.people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently74.By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2,the author intends to show________.A.the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on TuberculosisB.the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of TuberculosisC.the officials didn’t pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the pastpared with AIDS,Tuberculosis can be cured effectively75.Which of the following is best defines the word “upshot”(Line 6, Para 5)?A.OutcomeB.UpholdC.AchievementD.Project76.Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to convey?A.Forgive and forgetB.Forgotten,but not goneC.When the wound is healed,the pain is forgottenD.Every dog is brave at his own doorSection CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for eachAdolescents refer to boys and girls at high-school level--more specifically the second,third and forth years of high schools.In dealing with students at this level,we must bear in mind that to some degree they are at the difficult stage,generally called adolescence.Students at this level are likely to be confused mentally. They usually find it hard to concentrate on what they intend to do and often have romantic dreams._________77_______ They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected by their own emotions but hate to admit it. They are driven either by greater ambition,probably beyond their capability,or by extreme laziness caused by the fear of not succeeding or achieving objectives._________78_________.They are willing to work,but they hate to work without obtaining the result they think they should obtain.Regarding school issues,although they seldom say so,they really want to be consulted and given an opportunity to direct their own affairs,but they need a good amount of guidance.They seldom admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it. But if it its intelligently offered they accept it with enthusiasm.As to personal beliefs,most of adolescents are trying to form political ideals and they have a tendency to be sometimes extremely idealistic,and at other times conventional,blindly accepting what their fathers and grandfathers believed in._______79________.On the one hand they are too modest and on the other hand unreasonably boastful.They tend to be influenced more by a strong character than by great intelligence.__________80_________.Having a better understanding of the characteristics and needs of young people at this age is a task that falls both on educators and other people involved.It may also help the young go through this difficult and critical stage of life in a more constructive manner.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When I was quite young, my father had one of the first telephones in our neighborhood. I remember well the polished wooden case fastened to the wall on the lower stair landing. But my first personal experience with this genie-the-receiver came one day while my mother was visiting a neighbor. Amusing myself at the tool bench in the basement, I hurt my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there didn’t seem to be much use crying, because there was no one home to offer sympathy, I walked around the house, and finally arrived at the stairway. The telephone! Quickly I ran for the footstool and dragged it to the landing. Climbing up, I unhooked the receiver and held it to my ear, “Information Please,” I said the mouthpiece just above my head.A click or two and a small clear voice spoke into my ear, “Information.”“I hurt my finger…” I cried into the telephone.. Th e tears came readily enough now that I had an audience.“Isn’t your mother home?” came the question.“Nobody’s home but me.” I sobbed.“Are you bleeding?”“No,” I replied. “I hit my finger with the hammer and it hurts.”“Can you open your icebox?” she asked. I said I could. “Then chip off a little piece of ice and hold it to your finger. That will stop the hurt，Be careful when you use the icepick(冰锥).” she said，“And don’t cry. You’ll be all right.”After that I called Information Please for everything. I asked her for help with my geography,and she told me where Philadelphia was, and the Orinoco, the romantic river that I was going to explore when I grow up. She helped me with my arithmetic, and she told that my pet chipmunk —I had caught him in the park just the day before—would eat fruit and nuts.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 60V.Translation:81.正是那位作家对他说的一番话激起了他投身于写作。
2019年上海市高三上学期模拟英语试题(九)(原卷版)
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）模拟试题（九）英语试题Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularyDirections : After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the givenword; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Meet Alexa, Your Digital RoommateWho is Alexa? She is a digital assistant that is part of the voice-activated Echo Dot “smart speaker” produced by Amazon. This year Saint Louis University in Missouri has placed one of the speakers in everydorm room ___1___its campus. Students can ask the virtual assistant anything from “When are the f teams playing?” to “What’s the square root of 1440?”SLU student Brendan McGuire said: “Instead of searching on the Internet while I___2___ (tap) away atmy computer, I can just ask Alexa: Hey Alexa, ask SLU what’s the molecular(分子的)weight of water? And Ican have the answer without ___3___(interrupt) my process.” That’s exactly___4___ school officials had inmind when they decided to provide the smart speakers free of charge for students.“The students we attract ___5___ (drive) to achieve success in and out of the class room,” DavidHakanson, SLU’s vice president, said. “Every minute we can save our students from having to search for th information online is another minute ___6___(commit) to their education.’Saint Louis University is the first in the U S. ___7___ (include) an Echo Dot smart speaker in everycampus living space. Other colleges have also found ways to offer the technology to students. This yearNortheastern University in Boston installed 60 speakers in public places ___8___ students could get answersto common questions.At Arizona State University, engineering students living in the brand-new residence hall have the optionof adding an Amazon Echo Dot to their rooms. “Our focus is putting this technology into the hands of our students in a way___9___ will build an ecosystem.____10____ supports voice technologies throughout theASU campus,” said Heredia, a director at ASU.Section B .Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Notthat there is one word more than you need.UNIQLO’s founder tries to find a way to beat Zara and H&MWhen asked what guides his vision of UNIQLO, Tadashi Yanai, its founder and chief executive, pulls offthe shelf the 1987 autumn/winter collection catalogue of Next, a mass-market British retailer. All of theclothes are so ___11___, he says, that they could be worn today. While Zara of Spain and H&M of Swedenfollow fashion trends without having any original thought, UNIQLO of Japan ___12___ to timeless basics.Mr. Yanai has a/an ___13___ base at home from which to develop into his Western competitors’ mai markets of Europe and America. But instead his ___14___ remains Asia. “Asia is the engine of growth today,he says, pointing to the millions of consumers across the ___15___ who are reaching the middle class.UNIQLO will open its first shop in India this year and is considering ___16___ into Vietnam and othercountries (it has already opened networks of shops in Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand).___17___ greatly to investors at home. Fast The success or n ot of UNIPLO’s overseas operations--- Mr. Yanai owns just over 20% of the firm --- have been rising since 2015, analystsRetailing’s sharesestimate, largely owing to its international expansion and improved logistics (物流). At home the firm isclosing stores because the population is ___18___. Last year UNIQLO’s international profits overtook its___19___ sales for the first time and its foreign operation profits almost equaled its Japanese equivalent.Though they are very different markets, Europe and America offer a cautionary tale. UNIQLO inAmerica struggled outside the big cities of the east and west coasts. Growth in America remains ____20____for UNIQLO both there and in Europe. However, Mr. Yanai, an enthusiastic fan of globalization, is confidentthat he can guide UNIQLO through the changes needed.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases markedA, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In today’s American society, high school dropout (辍学) has become a big problem threatening socialand economic stability, as many cases of family ___21___ or even tragedies, caused by youth dropout, arecatching headlines in media. Dropping out is defined as leaving school without a high school diploma (毕业证书) or equivalent ___22___ such as a General Educational Development (GED) certificate. Although students who drop out come from various backgrounds, several ___23___ facts can be noticed. National data show that students from low-income, black or single-parent families are much more likely to drop out of school thantheir fellow students. ___24___ performance is also playing a role. Students receiving poor grades which, in turn, leads to ___25___ self-recognition, are sure to be on the high-risk list of dropping out.In recent years, advances in technology have ___26___ the demand for a highly skilled labor force, changing a high school education into a minimum requirement for entry into the labor market. As high school completion has become a(n) ___27___ requirement for many entry-level jobs, dropouts are having a really hard time in today’s job market. On average, dropouts are more likely to beunemployed than high school graduates and to earn less money even if they ___28___ find jobs. Employed dropouts in a variety of studies are usually working at unskilled jobs or at ___29___ service occupations offering little opportunity for promotion.Considering the serious consequences dropping out may bring about, national leaders have demanded that schools, communities, and families take major measures to keep students at school. To make school attendance compulsory (强制的) looks like an effective measure. ____30____, many people fear that it will not go far as compulsory attendance usually indicates monitoring on students, which might cause ____31____ from the students. Others including President Trump, focus their dropout prevention efforts on a program to____32____ class size, replacing large high schools with smaller learning communities where poor students can get ____33____ instruction from experienced teachers. Combined with frequent home visits by teachers, which definitely ____34____ families to participate in prevention efforts, the program is reported to takeeffect and the nationwide school attendance is ____35____.21. A. reunion B. conflicts C. establishments D. happiness22. A. opportunities B. lengths C. terms D. qualifications23. A. common B. strange C. possible D. positive24. A. Financial B. Communicative C. Academic D. Social25. A. separate B. negative C. significant D. standard26. A. fueled B. changed C. challenged D. supposed27. A. unbearable B. joint C. single D. basic28. A. eventually B. attentively C. readily D. generally29. A. long-lasting B. hard-working C. low-paying D. public-recognizing。
2018-2019学年交大附中高三英语摸底考 上海市 英语试卷及答案
上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年第一学期高三英语摸底考试卷命题：廖智敏审核：朱雪艳II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Space is a dangerous place, not only because of meteors but also because of rays from the sun and other stars. The atmosphere again acts (1)__________our protective blanket on earth. Light gets through, and this is essential for plants (2) __________ (make) the food which we eat. Heat, too, makes our environment endurable. Various kinds of rays come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun (3) __________ (screen) off. As soon as men leave the atmosphere they are exposed to this radiation but their spacesuits or the walls of their spacecraft, (4)__________they are inside, do prevent a lot of radiation damage.Radiation is (5) __________ (great) known danger to explorers in space. The unit of radiation is called "rem". Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without (6) __________ (damage); the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on. The trouble is (7) __________it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage - a person may feel perfectly well, but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged, and this will no be discovered (8)the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren. Missions of the Apollo flights have had to cross belts of high amount of rems. So far, no dangerous amounts of radiation have been reported, but the Apollo missions have been quite short. We simply do not know yet (9) __________men are going to get on when they spend weeks and months outside the protection of the atmosphere, working in a space laboratory. Drugs might help to decrease the damage (10) __________ (do) by radiation, but no really effective ones have been found so far.(B)Before I went to the British Koi Keepers’ Annual Show, I didn’t understand(1)______ people could take fish so seriously. However, the more I learned about koi, the more interested I became. As one expert told me, “Collecting koi is far more addictive than you might think. They’re as beautiful as butterflies and very calmi ng to watch.” Freddie Mercury, the lead singer of Queen, would have agreed----the pool in his specially built Japanese garden was home to 89 koi, (2) __________ cost up to £10,000 each.At the show I met koi euthusiast Jean Kelly. “Koi are getting more and more expensive,” she told me. “One recently sold for £250,000.” I was shocked-----that’s almost as much as I paid for my house. “Well, that was a record,” (3) __________ (admit) Jean. “The normal price is nowhere near as high as that.”Nevertheless, serious collectors can pay up to ￡15,000 for a fully (4)_______ (grow) koi, which is nearly as expensive as a new luxurious car, and the bigger they are, the more they cost. The cheapest I (5)________ find was ￡75 each, but they were only about twice as big as my goldfish. Jean wasn’t impressed by one of the koi on sale either. “Actually, these koi aren’t any nicer than (6)_______,” She commented. “(7)_______ they are slightly bigger than the ones I’ve got, I paid considerable less than this.”I wasn’t quite as enthusiastic as Jean, but I did consider (8)________ (buy) one. Then I remember that all but 5 of Freddie Mercury’s koi died when someone accidentally turned off the electricity supply to their pool. Jean assured me that with all the new equipment available the survival rate was getting better and better, and that looking (9)______ koi was no harder than taking care of any other pet. However, in the end of I decided to stick with my goldfish. They’re not nearly as beautiful as koi—but they’re a great deal c heaper (10)______(replace)!Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beThe Beadles sang that money can't buy you love. But what about happiness? Research (41)______ shows that the more money people have, the more likely they are to report being satisfied with their lifes.And that makes sense: money buys you things that make life easier and more satisfying; the easier your life, the happier you tend to be. That relationship isn’t entirely linear, since there's a(n) (42)______to how much money can please you; the happiness benefit of an increasing income is especially powerful among people who don’t have much money to start with, and (43) ______as wealth increases. But studies also reveal that as (44) ______income levels have risen over time in the U.S. and European nations. For example---residents of those countries have not reported being any happier than people were 30 or 40 year ago. It's a paradox that while income and happiness may be (45) ______within a population at any given moment, overall economic growth does not appear to corresponded to a boost in national satisfaction over time.To understand why, researchers at the University of Warwick and Cardiff University decided to break down how individual people evaluate their income. What does wealth mean to people? Previous work has suggested that people tend to value their own wealth more-and are happier-when it compares (46) ______to everyone else's. The so-called reference-income hypothesis holds that it is not simply how much money you make that (47) ______to satisfaction, but how much more money make than, say, the national average. The higher your salary than the norm, the happier you tend to be.But the reference-income hypothesis is rather (48) ______. The researchers wondered whether there was a more concrete way to capture how people valued their income. They (49) ______that people tended to make specific comparisons of personal wealth, not only with the average income of the larger population, but with the individual incomes of their neighbors, colleagues from college. And the higher their rank, the greater their sense of happiness and self-worth would (50) ______ be. "For example, people might care about whether they are the second most highly paid person or the eighth most highly paid person, in their comparison set.” write the author, Chris Boyce, a psychologist at the University of Warwick.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The beauty, majesty and timelessness of a primary rainforest are incredible. It is impossibleto 51._______ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.Rainforests have 52.______ over millions of years to turn into the incredible complex environment they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and 53._______ renewable natural resources that for eons, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have 54. _______ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of mankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, species, industrial raw material, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. 55._______ the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate and fragile system. Everything is so 56. _______ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to 57._______ forever.The scale of human 58._______ on ecosystems everywhere has increased in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen -- at a cost to our 59._______. in 2001, the World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. The further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050, 60._______ it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood.In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in 61._______. in fewer than fifty years, more than half of the worlds tropical rainforests have fallen 62._______ to fire and the chainsaw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more that 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more that 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb this 63._______, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years.Massive 64._______ brings with it may ugly consequences--air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the 65._______ of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.51.A.present B.capture C.claim D.prove52.A. changed B.evolved C.expanded D.existed53.A. energizing B.healing C.isolating D.breathing54.A. contributed B.stored C.reduced D.affected55.A. However B.Furthermore C.Therefore D.Otherwise56.A. active B.sensitive C.interdependent D.delicate57.A. restore B.support C.revive st58.A. pressure B.power C.concern D.strength59.A.existence B.ecosystem C.planet D.survival60.A.unfortunately B.consequently C.naturally D.similarly61.A.store B.food C.smoke D.wealth62.A. subject B.down C.apart D.victim63.A.trend B.practice C.decrease D.attitude64.A.destruction B.industrialization C.modernization D.deforestation65.A. appearance B.explosion C.loss D.increase Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The definition of the standard kilogram is almost fundamentally wrong. Getting the definition right is a challenge that has tried the patience and intelligence of scientists for decades.Scientists use just seven basic units to define all the other quantities we use — quantities such as speed or electric power. All of those basic units except the kilogram are themselves defined according to natural properties that are beyond human control.For example, the standard second (time) is defined as a specific number of vibration of a type of radiation sent out by atoms of a special metal. The standard metre (length), in turn, is defined as the length of the path light travels during a specific fraction of a second.Not so the kilogram. This orphan of the basic unit family is simply the mass of a small platinum-iridium alloy cylinder（铂—铱合金筒）locked away in a container maintained by the International Bureau of Weights & Measures in Sevres, France.Embarrassingly, the last time the copies were brought to Sevres for a checkup in the 1980s, officials found that some copies had gained about 20 parts per billion in weight compared to the master cylinder since the previous checkup in the 1940s. This implies that the master cylinder itself may be an inconstant standard.No one kno ws what causes the weight changes. But the uncertainty can’t be tolerated when precision(精密度) in research and some manufacturing now demands accuracy to a few parts per billion.Several efforts in several different countries are under way to redefine the kilogram in terms of basic physical quantities such as counting the actual number of atoms of a specific substance in a kilogram or the electromagnetic force that balances a kilogram mass against gravity.A project of the latter type at the laboratories in Gaithersburg, Md., hopes eventually to define mass by means of electrical units. So far, none of these redefinition projects has borne fruit. They require the very accuracy of measurement and control of experimental conditions. The slightest pollution, tiny vibration, or other influence -- even changes in weather -- can ruin results. You’ve got to hand it to scientists who are willing to devote many years to such painstaking but extremely important research.66.Which of the following best paraphrases the s entence “Not so kilogram” in paragragh 4? A．The kilogram is not as accurate as the standard second.B．The kilogram is not universally accepted in the world.C．The kilogram is not defined in terms of natural properties.D．The kilogram is not well defined as time and length.67.Which of the following can NOT be concluded from the passage?A．Experiments are being carried out to redefine the kilogram.B．The uncertainty in the standard kilogram can seriously affect some research.C．The redefining of the standard kilogram is quite complicatedD．Scientists will achieve success in redefining the kilogram in the near future68.According to the passage, to define the weight of mass in terms of electrical units ________.A．is one of the best methods to redefine the kilogram.B．has been accepted as the only possible redefinition projectC．is not as simple as what people can understandD．has been considered by some scientists as a better approach69.We can know form the passage that the redefinition of the kilogram is ________.A．more important in keeping market honesty.B．worth years of scientists’ painstaking research.C．the urgent requirement of business and manufacturing.D．bring about important and fruitful results.（B）Stewart Island Ferry ServicesWhile most visitors spend at least one night on Stewart Island, it is also readily accessible by ferry as a day excursion from Invercargill and Bluff.Experience Foveaux Strait in comfort and style on board our express catamarans. During the one-hour crossing between Bluff and Stewart Island keep a lookout for wildlife, especially seabirds. Watching mollymawks (albatross) soaring behind the ferry is a fantastic sight.Interesting landmarks commonly seen include Dog Island Lighthouse, Ruapuke Island, Titi Islands and Mt Anglem - Stewart Island’s highest point.Free tea and coffee on boardInterpretation handouts are available (English only).Wheelchair access availablePersonal baggage is carried free on the ferries - max. two bags per person (one stowed and one small carry-on). Additional baggage is by prior arrangement.“20% Multi-Purchase REWARD” on Return Ferry ServicesBuy 2 or more different excursions and SA VE 20% off all lower priced!Kids Go FREE on selected departures during NZ School Holidays!Kids Go FREE for travel 20 April - 5 May 2013.70.If leaving a car at Bluff, a traveler had better_________.A．refer to the handouts first B．use wheelchair accessC．make a reservation D．park it 30 minutes before departure time71.John, who went to Stewart Island on Dec. 28th, got to the ferry dock at 7:55am. When did he most probably leave Bluff?A．At 8:00a.m..B．At 9:30a.m..C．At 11:00a.m..D．At 3:00p.m..72.Which of the following is false about the ferry services?A．Tea and coffee are free for passengers.B．Children go free for travel for about 15 days.C．Travelers are sure to see some seabirds during the crossing.D．Passengers have to pay extra cost for extra pieces of luggage.（C）Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day. World Tuberculosis (infections disease in which growths appear on the lungs) Day is on Saturday March 24th.Tuberculosis was once terribly fashionable. Dying of "consumption" seems to have been a favorite activity of garret-dwelling 19th-century artists, h has, however, been neglected of late. Researchers in the field never tire of pointing out that TB kills a lot of people. According to figures released earlier this week by the World Health Organization, 1.6 million people died of the disease in 2005, compared with about 3m for AIDS and l m for malaria. But it receives only a fraction of the research budget devoted to AIDS. America’s National Institutes of Health, for example, spends 20 times as much on AIDS as on TB. Nevertheless, everyone seems to getting in on the TB-day act this year.The Global Fund an international organization responsible fur fighting all three diseases but best known for its work on AIDS, has used the occasion to trumpet its tuberculosis projects. The fund claims that its anti-TB activities since it opened for business in 2002 have saved the lives of over 1m people. The World Health Organization has issued a report that contains some good news. Although the number of TB cases is still rising, the rate of illness seems to have stabilized; the caseload, in other words, is growing only because the population itself is going up.Even drug companies are involved. In the run-up to the day itself, Eli Lilly announced a $ 50m boost to its MDRTB Global Partnership. MDR stands for multi-drug resistance, and it is one of the reasons why TB is back in the limelight. Careless treatment has caused drug-resistant strains to evolve all over the world. The course of drugs needed to clear the disease completely takes six mouths, anti persuading people lo stay that course once their symptoms have gone is hard. Unfortunately, those infected with MDR have to be treated with less effective, more poisonous and more costly drugs. Naturally, these provoke still more. non-compliance and thus still more evolution.The other reason TB is back is its relationship to AIDS. The (global Fund’s joint responsibility for the diseases is no coincidence. AIDS does not kill directly. Rather, HIV, the virus that causes it, weakens the body’s immune system and exposes the sufferer to secondary infections. Of these, TB is one of the most serious. It kills 200 000 AIDS patients a year. However, some anti-TB drugs interfere with the effect of some anti-HIV drugs. Conversely, in about 20% of cases where a patient has both diseases, anti-HIV drugs make the tuberculosis worse. The upshot is that 125 years after human beings worked out what caused TB, it is still a serious threat.73.The first sentence “Like every dog, every disease now seems to have its day.”means_______.A.every dog enjoys good luck or success sooner or laterB.human beings can deal with problems caused by diseaseC.Tuberculosis becomes a serious infection diseaseD.people attach importance to Tuberculosis recently74.By referring to AIDS in Paragraph 2,the author intends to show________.A.the US government is reluctant to spend millions of dollars on TuberculosisB.the death rate of AIDS is higher than that of TuberculosisC.the officials didn’t pay much attention to the research of Tuberculosis in the pastpared with AIDS,Tuberculosis can be cured effectively75.Which of the following is best defines the word “upshot”(Line 6, Para 5)?A.OutcomeB.UpholdC.AchievementD.Project76.Which of the following proverbs is closest in meaning to the message the passage tries to convey?A.Forgive and forgetB.Forgotten,but not goneC.When the wound is healed,the pain is forgottenD.Every dog is brave at his own doorSection CDirections: Read the following passage and choose the most suitable statement from A-F for eachAdolescents refer to boys and girls at high-school level--more specifically the second,third and forth years of high schools.In dealing with students at this level,we must bear in mind that to some degree they are at the difficult stage,generally called adolescence.Students at this level are likely to be confused mentally. They usually find it hard to concentrate on what they intend to do and often have romantic dreams._________77_______ They lack frankness and are usually very easily affected by their own emotions but hate to admit it. They are driven either by greater ambition,probably beyond their capability,or by extreme laziness caused by the fear of not succeeding or achieving objectives._________78_________.They are willing to work,but they hate to work without obtaining the result they think they should obtain.Regarding school issues,although they seldom say so,they really want to be consulted and given an opportunity to direct their own affairs,but they need a good amount of guidance.They seldom admit that they need this guidance and they frequently rebel against it. But if it its intelligently offered they accept it with enthusiasm.As to personal beliefs,most of adolescents are trying to form political ideals and they have a tendency to be sometimes extremely idealistic,and at other times conventional,blindly accepting what their fathers and grandfathers believed in._______79________.On the one hand they are too modest and on the other hand unreasonably boastful.They tend to be influenced more by a strong character than by great intelligence.__________80_________.Having a better understanding of the characteristics and needs of young people at this age is a task that falls both on educators and other people involved.It may also help the young go through this difficult and critical stage of life in a more constructive manner.IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When I was quite young, my father had one of the first telephones in our neighborhood. I remember well the polished wooden case fastened to the wall on the lower stair landing. But my first personal experience with this genie-the-receiver came one day while my mother was visiting a neighbor. Amusing myself at the tool bench in the basement, I hurt my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there didn’t seem to be much use crying, because there was no one home to offer sympathy, I walked around the house, and finally arrived at the stairway. The telephone! Quickly I ran for the footstool and dragged it to the landing. Climbing up, I unhooked the receiver and held it to my ear, “Information Please,” I said the mouthpiece just above my head.A click or two and a small clear voice spoke into my ear, “Information.”“I hurt my finger…” I cried into the telephone.. Th e tears came readily enough now that I had an audience.“Isn’t your mother home?” came the question.“Nobody’s home but me.” I sobbed.“Are you bleeding?”“No,” I replied. “I hit my finger with the hammer and it hurts.”“Can you open your icebox?” she asked. I said I could. “Then chip off a little piece of ice and hold it to your finger. That will stop the hurt，Be careful when you use the icepick(冰锥).” she said，“And don’t cry. You’ll be all right.”After that I called Information Please for everything. I asked her for help with my geography,and she told me where Philadelphia was, and the Orinoco, the romantic river that I was going to explore when I grow up. She helped me with my arithmetic, and she told that my pet chipmunk —I had caught him in the park just the day before—would eat fruit and nuts.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ 60V.Translation:81.正是那位作家对他说的一番话激起了他投身于写作。