2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法填空
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法填空学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star 1．she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June.According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she2．(receive) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal3．the authorities her true remuneration (薪酬) and avoid millions of dollars in taxes.Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million.Because she was 4．first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation 5．she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but 6．didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.In a letter 7．(post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government."As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, 8．led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests.""Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there 9．have been no Fan Bingbing," she added.Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of Taxation saying it had launched a campaign 10．(recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, 11．not rank very high. In fact, according to a newpaper published in Journal of Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety – not to mention fatigue – might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239 college freshmen, each 12．(agree) to take three different versions of the SAT reasoning test 13．(give) on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours and five-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. 14．(boost) the stress level in the students – who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college – Ackerman and Kanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who 15．(beat) their high-school score.16．the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked them about their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of the test and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students’ energy and anxiety17．the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers’ fatigue and stress rose steadily 18．the test got longer. 19．was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of the test increased, so 20．the students’ scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of 1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237.People across the world use Airbnb to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. The home-sharing service provides some people with a way 21．（make）extra money while they work other jobs.The company announced recently that one of its 22．(popular) professions among American Airbnb hosts is teaching. The information came from an Airbnb study to find out 23．industries its American hosts work in.The study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified 24．as teachers or in the field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. In addition, the study says there are 25．estimated 75,000 other hosts living in households with a teacher.The study did not provide data from hosts about 26．they choose to become part of Airbnb. But the company noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earnings from hosting 27．help.Some states had even h igher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb’s estimated national average. Airbnb spokesman Christopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that thehome-sharing industry is not a total solution for the current problems 28．(face) many teachers. But he said he th inks Airbnb can be an “important tool” to help teachers make extra money and give them “the respect and dignity” they have earned.The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb 29．(continue) to face opposition by activists and officials in some areas. U.S. critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices in several cities. Elected officials in some areas 30．(propose) or approved rules to limit the influence of the service. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition.Famous Irish poet Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) once wrote: “Ah! Realize your youth while you have it.” He pointed out the important truth about how precious youth is in one’s journey through life.However, the popular internet slang word foxi(佛系) –or “Buddhist” – 31．(challenge) this norm by encouraging young people to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflict as much as possible – in other words, to live like a Buddha.The phrase 32．(create) in Japan in 2014 to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone else’s life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without 33．(disturb) and care little about passion and success.Now, Chinese internet users are pairing the phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset. For example, “Buddhist students” are those who study just the right amount – they don’t cut class, but neither 34．they burn the m idnight oil, either. There are also “Buddhist parents”, who interfere little 35．their children’s lives and let them develop 36．they like – the opposite of “helicopter parents”.In this fast-changing and competitive world, it’s only natural that people ar e seeking a spiritual anchor.However, some would compare foxi with “demotivational(丧) culture” – a phrase that describes young people who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality 37．young people are losing their will to fight. They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure simply 38．they’re incapable of succeeding.But no matter what, there is one thing that “Buddhist youngsters” should keep in mind:You may want to keep a calm mindset regarding failure, but you 39．also be passionate and positive about school, work and life.After all, Wilde also wrote: “Live the wonderful life that is in you! Let 40．be lost upon you. Be always searching for new sensations. Be afraid of nothing.”Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test 41．they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests are changing now 42．(include) a writing part.Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies 43．(develop) computer programs. These can grade student writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost44．(little) to carry out by computer thanpaper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial (人工的) intelligence to think in a way45．teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing test began with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by 46．human readers.The entrance test commonly 47．(use) by business schools, the GMA T, already usese-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Test of English as a Foreign Language.Systems 48．(use) to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined.Some teachers say it can never really understand49． a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems 50．(mean) to judge knowledge more than creativity.When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly. Then I had a physical problem and had to go to hospital for 51．whole examination. It seemed a smallchallenge 52．(compare) to the one I was about to face, but things started to go wrong right from the beginning. Not having a car or knowing the city, I was depending on a couple of buses 53．(get) me from A to B．Although I'd left myself plenty of time, soon 54．was obvious that I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that 55．(take) me in the opposite direction.I got off the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do. I looked into the eyes of a stronger，who was trying to get past me. Surprisingly, 56．moving on, she stopped to ask if I was OK. After I explained 57．was troubling me, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, 58．a bus would take me back into the city to my appointment. 59．(sit) there waiting, I felt grateful that someone had been willing to help. Then，hearing a horn (喇叭) nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend waving at me to get in. She had returned to offer me a lift to the hospital.Such unexpected kindness from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive. 60．I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose faith, for all things are possible.参考答案1．since/after2．had received3．from4．a5．that6．it7．posted8．which9．would/could10．to recover【分析】这是一篇应用文。
完整word版解析2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编 语法填空原卷版
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编语法填空II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June._____1_____According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after shemisreported how much money she (receive) for certain film projects, using so-called yin-yang_____2_____contracts to conceal the authorities her true remuneration () and avoid millions of dollars in taxes._____3_____薪酬Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fineof $86 million.Because she was first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed_____4_____against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation she had been detained by_____5_____the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but _____6_____didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.In a letter (post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and_____7_____government.As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry andsociety, she said. I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, led to _____8_____the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests.Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there have been no Fan Bingbing, she added._____9_____Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of1Taxation saying it had launched a campaign (recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry._____10_____II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirectionsAfter reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and ：grammatically correct. Forthe blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ms. Angela McQueen, a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School, Illinois, has a routine whenshe's onlunch-monitoring duty. She ___11___ (keep) an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps() 圈around the school cafeteria.In September 2017, McQueen, then 40, had hardly finished one lap ___12___ a 14-year-old freshman standingnot far from her pulled out a gun. She knew too well that he was going to start shooting.School employees ___13___ (train) on how to handle active shooters: Attack their ability___14___ (aim). Sowith the shooter's finger on the trigger, McQueen rushed to him. ___15___ (grab) at his arm, she forced the gun intothe air, but not ___16___ he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another. As students ran for the exits,McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer, ___17___ disarmed the student and tookhim into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later. Afterward, McQueen went outside to give hugs and supportto her shaken students.“It's the mama-bear instinct,”she told the local paper. “I don't have kids of my own, but these are still‘___18___' kids.”_______19_______ McQueen, a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the countryhad a relatively happy ending. “If it hadn't been for her, the situation would have been a lot different,”Police ChiefJeff Branson said at a news conference.As one ___20___ (impress) student told CBS News, “Mr. McQueen is our heroin.”II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word thatbest fits each blank.2Best News Ever: Researchers Confirm Chocolate Is Good for Your Brain Sure, chocolate is a delicious treat, and it's a staple of some of our favorite desserts. But it's not exactly a healthfood, so it should be enjoyed in moderation—right? Well, it turns out that _____21_____(eat) chocolate mightactually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to recent research _____22_____(conduct) by fivescientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (), can help boost cognitive () 认知的黄烷醇performance. Yes, chocolate's good for your brain. The scientists, studying at the Universities of Rome and L'Aquila,_____23_____ (record) research from 10 different studies. The studies assessed people's performance on cognitivetests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results were telling: in 9 out of the 10 studies, there was anoticeable improvement _____24_____ the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in“general cognition, attention, processing speed, and working memory.”Sounds pretty good to us! And that's not all. In subjects, especially women, who performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanolshelped “counteract”the negative effects of the sleep deprivation. And there's even more good news. _____25_____(take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months, chocolate can produce noticeable long-termimprovements in cognition. Older adults, ____26____ memories were already declining, saw an especiallysignificant improvement.All chocolate has flavanols, since they occur naturally in cocoa. However, dark chocolate lovers, are happier,_____27_____ it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate. In fact, the scientists_____28_____ haveclaimed that, after doing this research, they've started eating dark chocolate every day! Here are some other healthbenefits of eating dark chocolate. Now, we're not saying that you _____29_____ start eating chocolate for breakfast,lunch, and dinner—it's still high in sugar and low in nutrients. But next time you find yourself yawning after asleepless night, snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. Go ahead,_____30_____ takeadvantage of chocolate's newfound brainpower with these delicious recipes.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SA T, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, ___31___ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of3Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety –not to mention fatigue –might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239college freshmen, each ___32___ (agree) to take three different versions of the SA T reasoning test___33___ (give)on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours andfive-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. ___34___ (boost) thestress level in the students –who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college –Ackerman andKanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who ___35___ (beat) their high-school score.___36___ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked themabout their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of thetest and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students' energy andanxiety___37___ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers' fatigue and stress rose steadily___38___ the test got longer. ___39___ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of thetest increased, so ___40___ the students' scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237. IIGrammar and Vocabulary Section A ．Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.People across the world use Airbnb to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. Thehome-sharingservice provides some people with a way _____41_____ （makeextra money while they work other jobs.）The company announced recently that one of its _____42_____ (popular) professions among AmericanAirbnb hosts is teaching. The information came from an Airbnb study to find out _____43_____ industries itsAmerican hosts work in.The study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified _____44_____ as teachers or inthe field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. Inaddition, the study says there are _____45_____ estimated 75,000 other hosts living in households with a teacher.The study did not provide data from hosts about _____46_____ they choose to become part of Airbnb. But the4company noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earningsfrom hosting _____47_____ help.Some states had even higher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb's estimated national average. Airbnb spokesmanChristopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that the home-sharing industry is not a total solution for the currentproblems _____48_____ (face) many teachers. But he said he thinks Airbnb can be an “important tool”to helpteachers make extra money and give them “the respect and dignity”they have earned.The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb _____49_____ (continue) to face opposition byactivists and officials in some areas. U.S. critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices inseveral cities. Elected officials in some areas _____50_____ (propose) or approved rules to limit the influence of theservice. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition. IIGrammar and Vocabulary Section A．Direction: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Famous Irish poet Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) once wrote: “Ah! Realize your youth while you have it.”He pointedout the important truth about how precious youth is in one's journey through life.However, the popular internet slang word foxi() –or “Buddhist”–_____51_____ (challenge) this norm by 佛系encouraging young people to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflict as much as possible –in other words, tolive like a Buddha.The phrase _____52_____ (create) in Japan in 2014 to describe young men who no longer bother to startrelationships with women or follow someone else's life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without_____53_____ (disturb) and care little about passion and success.Now, Chinese internet users are pairing the phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset. For example,“Buddhist students”are those who study just the right amount –they don't cut class, but neither_____54_____ theyburn the midnight oil, either. There are also “Buddhist parents”, who interfere little _____55_____ their children'slives and let them develop _____56_____ they like –the opposite of “helicopter parents”.In this fast-changing and competitive world, it's only natural that people are seeking a spiritual anchor. However, some would compare foxi with “demotivational() culture”–a phrase that describes young people 丧who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality_____57_____ young people are5losing their will to fight. They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure simply _____58_____they're incapable of succeeding.But no matter what, there is one thing that “Buddhist youngsters”should keep in mind: You may want to keep acalm mindset regarding failure, but you _____59_____ also be passionate and positive about school, work and life._____60_____ be lost upon you. Be After all, Wilde also wrote: “Live the wonderful life that is in you! Letfraid of nothing.”always searching for new sensations. Be a II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fillin each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Have you ever embarrassed because you forget something important? What kind of things do you have the mosttrouble _____61_____ (remember) ?Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the audience, but then paused in horror. He had forgotten her name.hid her jewelry when she went on vacation. When she came back, she couldn't remember Barbarashe'd put it.______62______Perhaps you've had experiences like these. Most people have. And, what's worse, most peoplenaware of a simple but important fact: Memory can be developed. ____63____(bow) to a life of forgetting. They're u If you just accept that fact, this book will show you_____64_____it can be improved.your overanxious about remembering something, you'll forget it. Relaxing will enhance First, relax. If you are______65______ you can concentrate.awareness and ability to concentrate. You can't remember anythingSecond, avoid being negative. If you keep telling _____66_____ that your memory is bad, your mind will cometo believe it and you won't remember things. When you forget something, don't say, “Gee, I need to have my brain_____67_____(rewire).”Instead, you need to take an active role.____68____ your body, your memory can be strengthened through exercise. Look for opportunities to exerciseyour memory. For example, if you are learning a language, try to actively remember irregular verbs. You may also want to make associations or links between _______69_______you are trying to remember andthings you already know. For example, if you need to catch a plane at 2:00 p.m., you can imagine a plane in your mindand notice that it has two wings. Two wings =2:00. You are now ten times ________70________(likely) to forget the6take-off time.Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannotwrite well.The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have topass a writing test ___71___ they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests arechanging now ___72___ (include) a writing part.Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed toread through large amounts of work. So some companies ___73___ (develop) computer programs. These can gradestudent writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost___74___ (little) to carry out bycomputer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial () 人工的intelligence to think in a way___75___teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing testbegan with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officialssay there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by ___76___ human readers.The entrance test commonly ___77___(use) by business schools, the GMA T, already uses e-readers. The GREand TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Testof English as a Foreign Language.Systems ___78___ (use) to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples ofstudent writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined.Some teachers say it can never really understand___79___ a writer is trying to say. Critics say a programcannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the sameway. They also say the systems ___80___(mean) to judge knowledge more than creativity.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form7of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When I settled in Chicago, my new city seemed so big and unfriendly. Then I had a physical problem and had togo to hospital for _____81_____ whole examination. It seemed a small challenge _____82_____ (compare) to theone I was about to face, but things started to go wrong right from the beginning. Not having a car or knowing the city,I was depending on a couple of buses _____83_____ (get) me from A to B. Although I'd left myself plenty of time,soon ______84______ was obvious that I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that______85______ (take) me in the opposite direction.I got off the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do. I looked into the eyes of a stronger，whowas trying to get past me. Surprisingly, _____86_____ moving on, she stopped to ask if I was OK.After I explained_____87_____ was troubling me, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, _____88_____ a bus would take me backinto the city to my appointment. ______89______ (sit) there waiting, I felt grateful that someone had been willing tohelp. Then，hearing a horn () nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend waving at me to get in. She had 喇叭returned to offer me a lift to the hospital.Such unexpected kindness from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive. _____90_____ I climbed outof the carat the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose faith, for all things are possible.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper formof the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Every weekend, after hiking in the Saneum Healing Forest east of Seoul, the firefighters sip tea and enjoy an armmassage. The aim of program is ___91___offer) “forest healing”; the firefighters all have certain types of stressdisorder. Saneum is one of three official healing forest in South Korea, which offer a range of programs frommeditation to woodcraft to camping. Soon there will be 34 more. South Koreans, many of whom suffer from workstress, digital addiction, and intense academic pressures,___92___(welcome) the medicalization of nature with greatenthusiasm. In fact, the government is investing a hundred million dollars ___93___ a healing complexnext toSobaeksan National park.There is increasing evidence ___94___ being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But whatis frustrating is that fewer of us actually enjoy nature regularly. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor at8Canada's Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring at a time___95___ we are most disconnectedfrom it. The pressures of modern life lead to long hours spent working indoors. Digital addiction and strong academicpressure add to the problem. In America, visits to parks have been declining since the dawn of email, and so___96___visits to the backyard. Research indicates that only about 10 percent of American teens spend time outside every day.So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to?___97___ (surround) by nature has one obviouseffect: the more time we spend in nature, the ___98___ (stressful) we become. This has been shown to lower bloodpressure, heart rates, and levels of the stress hormone, as well as reduce feelings of fear or anger. But studies alsoindicate that spending time in nature can do more than provide an ___99___ (improve) sense andwell-being; it canlower rates of heart disease and diabetes. That is probably ___100___ we evolved in nature and have been adapted tothe natural environment.901。
2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--语法填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Best Way of Losing WeightForget what the skinny movie stars and the TV adverts say - losing weight is hard work.(21)______ you do it through exercise, diet, or a bit of both, it’s extremely challenging to lose those pounds and then to keep them off. Sometimes it can involve (22)_______ (change) huge parts of your day-to-day life and it can mean breaking decades-old habits.But it turns out there’s one little thing you (23)_______ do to help you achieve your goal and it’s got nothing to do with food or exercise. The experts at Weight Wat chers did research which shows many of their members were more successful and (24)_______ (discouraged) when they shared regular updates on their new healthy lifestyle online. They found people who shared a diary of their daily lives with friends and followers were stimulated and inspired by positive feedback (25)______ they lost some pounds and kept them off.More than 50 per cent of people said the support of a weight loss community was crucial when it came (26)______ changing their eating habits and 53 per cent shared photos of their meals on social media. With this knowledge under their belts, Weight Watchers (27)______ (launch) a series of short films lately which show people recording their daily weight loss journey.One of the members who shared her journey was Danielle Duggins, and her video shows her enjoying a range of healthy meals and a few treats, while (28)______ (play) with her children.The company’s marketing director Claudia Nicholls said: “The support of a community has always proved to be an effective way of forming and sustaining healthy habits, but there has never been an easier or more affordable way (29)______ (tap) into the power of the crowd for support and inspiration with the explosion of online communities. Weight Watchers owns a social community for members, Connect, (30)______ sees over 14,000 daily posts in the UK alone, and provides our members with instant access to a community of people who are on similar journeys to them.Keys: 21. Whether 22. changing 23. can 24. less discouraged 25. that26. to 27. has launched 28. playing 29. to tap 30. whichⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Is Hothouse Earth Avoidable?Nearly 50 years ago, the Club of Rome’s report “Limits to Growth” warned that if economic growth continued fast without regard for the environment, the world could face ecological and economic collapse in the twenty-first century. Yet that is essentially (21)______ has happened. As new research for the Club of Rome shows —and the latest report from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states —the world (22)______ well be headed towards disaster.Many wrongly (23)______(interpret) the “Limits to Growth” as an attack on u ncontrolled economic expansion. In fact, the report argued that (24)______ the unlimited-growth pathway was chosen, it would require complementary policies (including funding) (25)______ (preserve) the planet’s limited life-support systems.This argument (26)______ (ignore). Instead, the world has continued to pursue fast growth, without regard for the environmental consequences. This has enabled us to make enormous progress in reducing poverty, increasing longevity, and increasing wealth. (27)______ it has come at a high cost to the formation of the society and the restoration of the planet.As scientists have conclusively shown, in the last decade, we have entered a new geological era, the Anthropocene, in which human activity — in particular, economic activity — has been the dominant factor (28)______(influence) Earth’s climate and environment. In the Anthropocene, our planet’s life-support system is changing faster than ever.Climate change now represents a clear and present danger. If our planet becomes just 2°C warmer than pre-industrial temperatures, we may be placed irreversibly on the path toward“Hothouse Earth” — a situation (29)______ temperatures are many degrees warmer than today, sea levels are considerably higher, and extreme weather events are (30)______(common) — and more destructive — than ever.Keys:21. what 22. may/might 23. interpreted 24. if 25. to preserve 26. has been ignored 27. But 28. influencing 29. where 30. more common/commonerSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Meet Alexa, Your Digital RoommateWho is Alexa? She is a digital assistant that is part of the voice-activated Echo Dot “smart speaker” produced by Amazon. This year Saint Loui s University in Missouri has placed one of the speakers in every dorm room (21) _______ its campus. Students can ask the virtual assistant anything from “When are the football teams playing?” to “What’s the square root of 1440?”SLU student Brendan McGuir e said: “Instead of searching on the Internet while I (22) _______ (tap) away at my computer, I can just ask Alexa: Hey Alexa, ask SLU what’s the molecular（分子的）weight of water? And I can have the answer without (23) _______(interrupt) my process.” That’s e xactly (24) _______ school officials had in mind when they decided to provide the smart speakers free of charge for students.“The students we attract (25)_______ (drive) to achieve success in and out of the classroom,” David Hakanson, SLU’s vice president, said. “Every minute we can save our students from having to search for the information online is another minute (26) _______ (commit) to their education.’Saint Louis University is the first in the U.S. (27) _______ (include) an Echo Dot smart speaker in every campus living space. Other colleges have also found ways to offer the technologyto students. This year Northeastern University in Boston installed 60 speakers in public places (28) _______ _______ _______ students could get answers to common questions.At Arizona State University, engineering students living in the brand-new residence hall have the option of adding an Amazon Echo Dot to their rooms. “Our focus is putting this technology into the hands of our students in a way (29) _______ will build an ecosystem. (30) _______ supports voice technologies throughout the ASU campus,” said Heredia, a director at ASU. Keys:21. on 22. am tapping 23. interrupting 24. what 25. are driven26. committed 27. to include 28. in order that 29. that/which 30. ItII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.To any soldierI served as a second lieutenant(少尉) in a war thirty years ago. Married for only a year and a half, I missed my wife and baby daughter a lot. In the years before cell phones and Wi-Fi, we had limited opportunities (21) _______(communicate) with loved ones.One night while sitting by myself, I investigated the “Any Soldier” mailbox, a cardboard box with letters and packages from Americans. I chose one shoebox-size package. Inside I found about 20 greeting cards (22) _______ children. At the bottom was a letter written by their teacher (23) _______ (explain) how her kids had put the box together and how they supported our efforts in the war. Truly touched at that moment by this gesture, I decided to write a letter of gratitude. I thanked the teacher for (24) _______ her children had done---its impact on my patriotism, my morale, and, (25) _______ (significantly), my uplifted faith. For security reasons, I was able to sign only my name.Around 2013, I received a Facebook friend request from a woman with (26) _______ Ireplied that (27) _______ we were friends, I could not accept her request. “Are you Second Lieutenant Bartholomew?” I replied that I had been at one time.“Dear sir,” she wrote. “We have never met, but thirty years ago I was a second-grade teacher at a school in Ohio and our classroom sent a car package (28) _______ (address) to ‘Any Service Member.’ The thank-you letter you composed was framed and it (29) _______ (post) on the wall of the school for more than 20 years. I wanted to again thank you for your service to our country. We never spoke again, but this gracious teacher strengthened my belief in doing what my mother always taught me: Write thank-you notes---(30) _______ never know how many people your kindness can touch.Keys: 21. to communicate 22. from 23. explaining 24. what 25. (the) most significantly 26. whom 27. unless 28. addressed 29. has been posted/ was posted 30. youII. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The biggest house of cards, the longest tongue, and of course, the tallest man: these are among the thousands of records logged in the famous Guinness Book of Records. Created in 1955 after a debate (21) _______ (concern) Europe's fastest game bird, (22) _______ began as a marketing tool sold to pub landlords (23) _______ (promote) Guinness, an Irish drink, became the bestselling copyright title of all time (a category that excludes books such as the Bible and the Koran). In time, the book would sell 120 million copies in over 100 countries— quite a leap from its humble beginnings.In its early years, the book set its sights on (24) _______ (satisfy) man's inborn curiosity about the natural world around him. Its two principal fact finders, twins Norris and Ross McWhirter, moved wildly around the globe to collect facts. It was their task to find and document aspects of life that can be sensed or observed, things that can be quantified or measured. But notjust any things. They were only interested in superlatives: the biggest and the best. It was during this period (25) _______ some of the remarkable Guinness Records were documented, answering such questions as "What is the brightest star?" and "What is the biggest spider?"Once aware of the public's thirst for such knowledge, the book's authors began to branch out to cover increasingly doubtful, little-known facts. They started documenting human achievements as well. A forerunner for reality television, the Guinness Book gave people (26) _______ chance to become famous for accomplishing odd, often pointless tasks. Records were set in 1955 for consuming 24 raw eggs in 14 minutes and in 1981 for the fastest solving of a Rubik's Cube (which took a mere 38 seconds). In 1979 a man yodeled（用真假嗓音交替唱）non-stop for ten and a quarter hours.In its latest appearance, the book has found a new home on the internet. No longer (27) _______ (restrict) to the limits of physical paper, the Guinness World Records website contains seemingly innumerable facts concerning such topics as the most powerful combustion（燃烧）engine, or the world's longest train. What is striking, however, is that such facts are found sharing a page with the record of the heaviest train to be pulled (28) _______ a beard.Originating as a simple bar book, the Guinness Book of Records (29) _______ (evolve) over decades to provide insight into the full range of modern life. And although one may be (30) _______ (likely) now to learn about the widest human mouth than the highest number of casualties in a single battle of the Civil War, the Guinness World Records website offers a telling glimpse into the future of fact-finding and record-recording.Keys:21. concerning 22. what 23. to promote 24. satisfying 25. that26. a 27. restricted 28. with 29. has evolved 30. more likelyⅡ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Rhiannon Lambert, who treats about 180 clients a year with various kinds of eating disorders, says the number of those caused by “clean eating” (21) ______ (double) in the past three yea rs. “They develop particular habits, or won’t eat food when walking, because they think that food can only be eaten when they (22) ______ (seat),” she said.Clean eating is promoted by some food bloggers, who are increasingly thought by a number of medical experts to be having a bad influence on young people today. “Young people lose this and cannot afford the lifestyle needed to follow it,” Lambert said. Health bloggers (23)______ not have enough knowledge but offer dangerous advice. These people are now role models (24) ______ word will inspire young people. I have clients who think they have to be a strict vegetarian to be successful. The extreme form of this is known as orthorexia nervosa (健康食品强迫症).Ursula Philpot, a dietitian at the British Dietetic Ass ociation, said, “It is difficult to blame them completely. If it weren’t the bloggers, then it could be (25) ______ else. Orthorexia affects more girls than boys, although boys are much more affected than girls.” Philpot said, “At the top of most people’s lists of bad foods includes gluten(麸质) and dairy. (26) ______ you talk to young people more, you will find some of them worry all day about eating a biscuit.”The condition starts out as an attempt (27) ______ (eat) more healthily, but those who experienc e it fully focus on food quality and purity. “There may be several reasons for someone to take up clean eating,” Philpot said. “Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses and their causes are complex. Research is telling us that they may be more biologically based than we thought, (28) ______ social and environmental factors also play a part in their development.”Deanne Jade, the founder of the National Centre for Eating Disorders, said, “A lot of young people don’t think they need treatment and there a re too many messages in the media. What worries me is that a lot of people (29) ______ (promote) these ideas have no knowledge of nutrition. I don’t know what the solution is, but in many cases, getting people to recover from an eating disorder means (30) ______ (get) them to relax their ideas about clean eating.”Keys:21. has doubled 22. are seated 23. may / might 24. whose 25. someone 26. When / If 27. to eat 28. but/ although / though 29. promoting 30. gettingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Make the Most of Your Lunch HourShould you grab a bite at your desk or eat with yo ur colleagues? That depends on what’s on your agenda for the rest of the day.Lunch hours (21) ______ (get) shorter and shorter and even disappearing in some parts of today’s working world. With fewer employees (22) _______(ask) to accomplish more in a day, many Americans treat lunch not as a break but as just another task to squeeze into an already over-booked day.But do quick meals at the desk actually improve productivity over more leisurely meals?The researchers only studied 32 employees, so the findings are debatable. But when they assigned one group to eat at their desks and another to dine with a colleague at a restaurant, they found those who ate lunch together showed a decline (23) _______their performance on tests that measured concentration, memory and the ability to catch errors and read emotions in facial expressions following lunch than before lunch. Both groups ate the same meals, but those who ate alone were only given 20 minutes to consume their food, (24) _______the paired participants were allowed one hour in the restaurant. Those who ate alone did not have as large a drop in their cognitive processing as those who ate in the restaurant.What was responsible for the change? There were too many variables at play to determine which had the strongest influence on cognitive control-- was it the companionship, or was it the restaurant environment (25) _______other diners were present, music was played and the meal was served by wait staff, or was it the longer time to enjoy the meal?(26) _______ factor was responsible, the group that took a restaurant lunch break came back more relaxed, say the authors, and that likely affected their cognitive sharpness. Sharing a meal outside the office with a friend appears to have a (27) ______ (calm) effect, and while it reducesintellectual skills, it may develop social harmony and teamwork, which (28) _______be an important feature of some work tasks.But don’t feel sorry for the lone lunchers. It turns out (29) ______since they were able to maintain their cognitive skills following the meal, they might be in a better position (30) ______ (think) creatively for projects that require more innovative solutions or approaches.Keys:21.are getting 22. asked 23. in 24. while 25.where 26.Whichever/Whatever 27.calming 28. can/may 29. that 30.to thinkII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.When Jennifer Lawrence tripped on her way to accept her best actress Oscar one year, her pink princess-like Dior dress (21) _________ (capture) in all its glory. The unscripted moment became hot topic throughout social media.That bonus air-time for a single dress at one of the worlds global events is priceless for the likes of Dior, one of the (22) _________ (influential) fashion houses in the luxury marketplace.Success on the red carpet can earn exposure and profits for luxury brands for years (23) _________(come). The red carpet, which will be televised live before Academy Award ceremony, presents a great opportunity for a designer to reach an audience that expands (24) _________the fashion setting. The Lawrence dress received about 40 million mentions on various social media.One way of estimating the monetary benefits of having a standout dress on the red carpet is to compare how much a brand would otherwise spend on commercial advertising during the same time. (25) _________Lawrence had only 75 seconds of solo camera time for her Oscar acceptance speech, Dior had to pay more than $4 million for a commercial spot of the same duration on similar occasions. And this didn't include the time (26) _________ (devote) to Lawrence and herdress on the pre-show televised red carpet. Lawrence, 23, had an advertising contract with Dior.(27) _________the group’s deal with Lawrence affected its sales was clearly stated in its annual financial report. That year, the group clothing section’s profits (28) _________(total)165 million euros, up 26 percent from the previous year.Heston, the founder of a publicity firm, (29) _________success stories include introducing Jimmy Choo shoes and designer Saab to Hollywood, believes that the Oscar red carpet is today dominated by established luxury brands. Finding it much more difficult to compete with big brand names to dress super stars on big events, many young designers turn to (30) _________(bet) on promising rising stars, expecting an overnight success if the young stars rise to sudden fame.Keys:21 was captured 22 most influential 23 to come 24. beyond 25 Although26 devoted 27 How 28 totaled 29 whose 30 bettingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New “Star Wars” Attractions Set to Open at Disney Theme Parks in 2019 The galaxy (银河系) that seems so far, far away just got a little closer.On Tuesday, Disney announced “Star Wars: Galaxy’s Edge”, a highly (21)_______ (expect) themed land under construction, would open in summer 2019 at California’s Disneyland and in late fall 2019 at Florida’s Disney World.(22)_______the announcement was made, officials had only said the new land would open soon.No specific date (23)_______(announce) for the Disneyland opening. But if past summer openings are any indication, “Galaxy’s Edge” is expected to open in late June.The additions will be Disney’s (24)(big) “single-themed land expansion” ever,according to Disney CEO Bob Iger. Each will be an expansive 14 acres (英亩). A copy of the Millennium Falcon spaceship, (25) guests will be able to pilot, will be a key attraction.Galaxy’s Edge will immerse(使沉浸于) visitors in the Star Wars universe, (26)_______ (transport) them to a never-before-seen Star Wars planet—a remote trading port largely ignored by warring people and one of the last stops before wild space. This planet is (27)_______ Star Wars characters and their stories will come to life. It will feature two major attractions: (28)________ allowing guests to pilot the Millennium Falcon and the other dropping riders into the middle of a battle. The most advanced video techniques are expected to power each attraction.Even as Galaxy’s Edge (29)_______ (approach), Disneyland is making changes, both large and small, in advance. Recent projects have shifted queues for “Dumbo the Flying Elephant” and “It’s a Small World”. These are the efforts to improve traffic flows near the attractions. Similar changes have been made in Adventureland (30)________ (ease) congestion points. Work has started on a new luxury resort in Downtown Disney. Officials have closed Rainforest Café, ESPN Zone and AMC Theaters to make room.Keys:21. expected 22. Until/Before 23. was announced 24. biggest 25. which 26. transporting 27. where 28. one 29. approaches/is approaching 30. to easeII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Going out to Sun Peaks for FunW e went looking for some family ski fun, not too far from greater V ancouver, and we found it and more at Sun Peaks resort, (21) (locate) just 20 minutes outside of Kamloops. Pulling into the village, you feel like you’ve come along a mountainside wonderland (22)_______ two hills. Right away you feel at peace in the mountains.Sun Peaks has two mountains for skiing and boarding, with lots of lift and capacity (23)_______(get) you around. Most accommodations throughout the village are ski-in/ ski-out, so you can park your car once and walk or ski (24)_______ you need to go. Morrisey is on one side, and Todd Mountain on the other, connected by trails and a covered bridge, with skiable ground second in Canada only to Whistler. There is (25)_______for everyone, from snow flying saucer and snowmobile, to mini golf and jungle live CS. During the two days of skiing on the holiday, we never met more than five minutes of lineup, and many times we (26)_______ (run) ourselves with fresh powder.Tubing is right there at the bottom of the main ski hill, perfect for parents who want to have some drinks at Bottoms Bar & Grill (27)_______ the kids keep the fun going into the evening. The village is small and quite, so the kids (28)_______have a lot of freedom to run around and play.Bring your skates! There is an NHL-sized outdoor rink (溜冰场), just a 10 minute walk from the main village. Skate rentals are available, and you can join a game of drop-in hockey, or enjoy a family skate during one of the open ice times (29)________ go well into the evening, under the stars. Check with guest services to see if the rink is open, since it is weather dependent.In the summertime at Sun Peaks, the chairlifts switch up to accommodate mountain bikes and hikers. Downhill biking trails create adventure for those (30)_______ (look) for excitement, and the golf course at Sun Peaks provides hours of great scenic links.Keys:21. located 22. between 23. to get 24. where 25. something26. ran 27. while 28. can 29. that/which 30. lookingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Time to Learn How to SortWhatever we don’t want ---- no matter whether it’s eggshells,newspapers, soda cans or old socks ---- it’s all garbage. And garbage goes to the garbage bin. There seems to be (21) _______wrong with that. But do you really know how to throw away garbage properly?China (22) _______ (promote) garbage sorting for over a decade, but for the majority of the public the concept hasn’t sunk-in. Shenzhen issued a new regulation. It says residents will be fined up to 100 yuan and organizations 1,000 yuan for not sorting rubbish(23) _______specific groups.“It’s evident that the government is determined to push this forward,” said Zhang Ning, a program officer (24) _______(serve) in a Beijing-based public welfare organization. “But I’m afraid the regulation will prove to be counter-productive because garbage sorting has never been achieved by merely imposing severe punishments.”A recent survey found that 49.5 percent of the respondents said they still don’t know how to sort garbage, (25) _______45.5percent just can’t be bothered to do it.“Lots of citizens(26) _______(co nfuse)about what’s recyclable and what’s general waste. For example, it’s scarcely known that tissue is non-recyclable because it’s too moisture-prone and usually too polluted(27) _____ (recycle).” said Zhang, a representative.According to Zhang, 70 perc ent of garbage is a“(28) _______(misplace)resource”. For instance, a ton of test steel can be refined into 0.9 tons of usable steel, and a ton of kitchen waste is able to produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer.But all of this is based on the condition(29) _______the garbage is categorized properly. And the behavior of households(30) _______the sorting process initially starts ---- is the key. Garbage sorting is a chain effect. Misconduct at the very beginning will make all the following efforts go in vain.Garbage sorting is a complex issue and takes patience. So next time when you throw away what is called “garbage”, do it in the right way.Keys21.nothing 22. has promoted/ has been promoting 23. into 24. serving25. while 26. are confused 27. to be recycled 28. misplaced 29. that 30. where。
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(已校对珍藏版)
II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.China’s first private research-oriented university Westlake University, which is backed by some of the country’s biggest business tycoons, was 31 inaugurated on Saturday morning in Hangzhou, East China’s Zhejiang Province, according to media reports.Westlake University is the first research-oriented university funded by private 32 and supported by the Chinese government in the country, 33 news website reported on Saturday. The non-profit institution was launched by a slew of 34 academia (学术机构) in the country and funded by high-profile business 35 , including Tencent Holdings Ltd Chairman Pony Ma and Wanda Group Chairman Wang Jianlin, according to information on the school’s website.Headed by Shi Yigong, a biologist and former vice president of the prestigious Tsinghua University in Beijing, Westlake will be 36 to the study of natural science and engineering, with world-class environment and state-of-the-art research facility. Construction for the university started in April and is expected to be completed by 2021. Total investment for the project is ____37____ to be 3.68 billion yuan ($585 million), according to media reports.The opening of Westlake University also comes as Chinese business leaders are throwing their support behind the country’s education 38 . Several other Chinese business leaders, including Alibaba Group founder Jack Ma Yun and Lenovo Group founder Liu Chuanzhi, have also 39 started a non-profit institution --Hupan University in Zhejiang. The university was inaugurated in March 2015. Jack Ma, who announced his retirement from Alibaba in September to focus on 40 work, including education, was the university’s first president.II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Photography is often perceived as an objective, and therefore unbiased, medium for documenting and preserving moments and national and world histories, and for visualizing and narrating news stories. But the choices made by a photographer--including how the image is ____31____, what is left in or out of the frame, and how it may be cropped, edited, or otherwise altered after it is taken--introduce a point-of-view into the photograph and ____32____ impact how we receive and understand images. Such considerations raise critical questions about how willingly we accept any one photograph as a reflection of ____33____ truth.Photographs can bear ____34____ to history and even serve as catalysts(催化剂) for change. They can foster sympathy and raise awareness or, ____35____, offer critical commentary on historical people, places, and events. Throughout the history of the medium, photographers have aimed to capture the essence of events they saw with their own eyes--though the question of the trustworthiness of their images is always up for debate.Though Dorothea Lange had been operating a successful portrait studio in San Francisco since 1919, she was moved by the homeless people as the Great Depression began to take its toll, and she started photographing them. These photographs led to her being hired by the federal Farm Security Administration(FSA), formed to raise awareness of and provide aid to poor farmers. Lange closely identified with the FSA’s mission, which was to ____36____ the effects of the Depression on Americans, bringing attention to their struggles so that such events would never recur. Due in part to her work with the FSA, Lange became known as a pioneer of documentary photography, a ____37____ she disliked because she felt the term did not reflect the passionate social motivations that fueled her work.Dorothea Lange took this photograph Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California in 1936, while employed by the FSA program. In Nipomo, California, Lange came across Florence OwensThompson and her children in a camp filled with field whose livelihoods were devastated by the failure of the pea crops. Recalling her encounter with Thompson years later, she said, “ I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother. I do not remember how I explained my ____38____ or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions. I made five exposures, working closer and closer from the same direction.” One photograph from that shoot known as Migrant Mother was widely ____39____ to magazines and newspapers and became a symbol of the plight farm workers during the Great Depression.As Lange described Thompson’s situation, “She and her children had been living on frozen vegetables from the field. Yet they could not move on, for she had just sold the tires from the car to buy food.”However, Thompson later ____40____ Lange’s account. When a reporter interviewed her in the 1970s, she insisted that she and Lange did not speak to each other, nor did she sell the tires of her car. Thompson said that Lange had either confused her for another farmer or embellished(渲染) what she had understood of her situation in order to make a better story.II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The throngs of tourists flooding Russian cities for the World Cup are expected to provide a(n) ____31____ boost to the country’s economy. However, the influx has proved difficult for some host cities to fully ____32____ visitors.In the city of Samara, where England will play Sweden on Saturday in a quarterfinal match, water pressure is decreasing due to a(n) ____33____ in customers. In response, the city utility company has offered an unusual solution to mitigate (缓解) the low pressure. The proposal by the city’s water system authorities was ____34____ in a simple statement. “Save water, take showersin pairs,” the company said, accompanying its _____35____ with a smiley face. The Moscow Times reported the water authorities have increased output in recent days to compensate for the visitors, but the utility company is still trying to ____36____ residents about the strains placed on the water service. Rather than trying to change the habits of visitors, the water service has asked locals to alter their daily ____37____. “Thousands of the city’s visitors, who also consume water, are ____38____ to the increase,” the utility company, Samarskiye Kommunalniye Systemy, wrote in a press release on Wednesday.Recommended SlideshowsThe city has also experienced a heat wave that has increased the ____39____ for water during the tournament. The Associated Press reported said that medical staff distributed water to fans traveling to last month’s game between Russia and Uruguay via public transit. Utility issues also arose when Russia hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. The host nation seemed unable to provide the infrastructure needed to host athletes, fans, reporters and others who attended the tournament. Journalists who visited the city to report on the games ____40____ discolored and brown water coming out of faucets(龙头).II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Germany Crashes Out of World CupGermany became the latest defending champion to crash out of the World Cup at the first hurdle, part of a trend but definitely not part of the plan when Germany arrived here.A smooth-running ___31___ machine when it won the Cup in 2014, Germany now appears in need of a reform after losing, 2-0, to South Korea here on Wednesday and saying goodbye toRussia about three weeks earlier than many expected.It has been the earliest exit for a German team at the World Cup since 1938, which seems even more ___32___ when you consider Hitler was then the country’s leader and only 15 teams participated.With stars like Kroos, Mesut Özil and Mats Hummels, Germany won every match in ___33___ for this World Cup, the first German team to do so. But it could not even ___34___ it out of the group phase in Russia.There seems to be a World Cup curse at ___35___. Since the 1998 edition, the defending champion has been eliminated in the group phase on four occasions: France in 2002, Italy in 2010, Spain in 2014 and now Germany.But this team’s early exit was still a(n) ___36___ shock, and Joachim Löw, the German coach since 2006, used that same word — “schock,” in his own language — to describe the experience on Wednesday.“The ___37___ of being eliminated is just huge,” said Löw, who added that the team deserved to go out early. “It turned ___38___. I must take responsibility for this.”A four-time World Cup winner, Germany was a finalist in 2002, third in 2006 and 2010 and the champion in 2014 after dealing the host nation of Brazil a 7-1 defeat in the semifinals, the ___39___ of which still leaves many Brazilians in pain.The Germans certainly have historical company, however. The list of defending champions to lose very early shows how ___40___ it is to maintain momentum and focus with national teams whose players practice and play together much less frequently than they do with their clubs.The New York subway system is one of the largest in the world, ferrying nearly eight and a half million people around the city every week. Riders find more than ___41___ below the streets; among the dirt and the screech of the trains, there is also music. The subway system is like a free ___42___ hall, offering almost every kind of music.You never know what you might ___43___, depending on the day of the week and the particular station. At a subway platform below Pennsylvania station one afternoon recently, Rawl Mitchell, an immigrant from Trinidad and Tobago, was playing the steel drums. He said he’s been performing in the subway since the mid-1990s. “The people do ___44___ the music,” he said. “They stand around listening and if it pleases them, they applaud and put their money in the case or whatever. They ___45___ clap and say things like ‘It’s nice.’ They offer me some positive feedback.”Singer-songwriter Rosateresa, who often sings on a station at 14th Street, has been at it almost as long. She moved from Puerto Rico to study classical voice several decades ago. “My ___46___ is to sing like the jilguero, a Puerto Rican bird, which wakes up the sun,” said Rosateresa.Mitchell and Rosateresa both perform ___47___, outside the transit authority’s official “Music Under New York” program, which sponsor 150 performances each week, by more than 200 individuals and groups.Like Rosateresa and Mitchell, Musicians who participate in “Music Under New York” ___48___ only whatever people choose to give. Opera singers Tom McNichols and Patricia Vital, part of a group called “Opera Collective”, said they ___49___ performing in the subways, though it isn’t lucrative. “Music in general is not about money, and ‘Music Under New York’ is definitely more about making opera ___50___ than it is about making a living,” McNichols said.II．Grammar and Vocabulary Section AS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Air pollution is a killer.The World Health Organization says it kills about seven million people around the world each year. Even if polluted air does not kill us, it can make us very sick.However, breathing dirty air may do more than hurt your body. It can also affect your brain and your ability to think. A new study shows that air pollution can cause a “huge” 31 in our intelligence. The study was a project 32 researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.The researchers reported that long-term33 to air pollution can affect a person’s mental abilities in two areas: language and mathematics.They studied about 25,000 men, women and children from across China by giving them language and math tests between 2010 and 2014. Then they compared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, 34 nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing 35 air can reduce a person’s education level by about one year. Chen said that the effect 36 is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those working outdoors than those working indoors. And the test subjects studied came from 25 of China’s 33 provinces, ranging in age from 10 to 90, which, according to Chen, provided a “good 37 sample.”The researchers noted that the effect of pollution on 38 ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The smallest pieces of air pollution, called particulate matter 2.5 or simply PM2.5., are only 2.5 micrometers long; sometimes they are even smaller. So one can easily breathe them in, and they are found indoors.Chen urges 39 policymakers to make serious changes. "The longer-term effects suggests to the policymakers that we need to engage in cleaning up the sky instead of investing in short-term 40 , for example the face masks or air filters.” He said.II．Grammar and Vocabulary Section AS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.World’s Best RestaurantCritics of renewable energy often cite the fact that technologies like wind and solar only produce energy when the wind is blowing or the sun is shining. They argue that we can’t effectively utilize renewable energy until appropriate energy ____31____ technology is developed. While the fact that wind and solar don’t produce energy around the clock is certainly a major ____32____, I find that the problems associated with the intermittent(间歇的) nature of many renewables are often exaggerated, and rarely discussed from a(a)____33____ perspective. With this post, I’ll introduce a few of the main challenges posed by intermittent energy ____34____, and then discuss three possible solutions.The difficulty associated with integrating variable sources of electricity ____35____ from the fact that the power grid(电网) was designed around the concept of large, ____36____ electric generators. Today, the grid operator uses a three-phase planning process to ensure power plants produce the right amount of electricity at the right time to ____37____ and reliably meet electric demand. Because the grid has very little storage capacity, the balance between electricity supply and demand must be ____38____ at all times to avoid a blackout or other problem.Intermittent renewables are ____39____ because they disrupt the conventional methods for planning the daily operation of the electric grid. Their power fluctuates(波动) over multiple time horizons. Take the example of solar panels. Solar energy is only available during daylight hours, so the grid operator must adjust the day-ahead plan to include generators that can quickly adjust their power output to compensate for the rise and fall in solar generation. Furthermore, power plants that ____40____ produce electricity all day every day might instead be asked to turn off during the middle of the day so that the energy produced from solar can be used instead of fossil electricity.II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association(NBA) 31 at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed ____32____over the years, and managers have been more than willing to 33 team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.However, the trend in sports may be 34 an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller than 140 years ago, today’s people—especially those born to families who have lived in the US for many generations—apparently reached their 35 in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as we can go,” says anthropologist of Wright State University.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed 36 tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood 37 got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5’9’’for men, 5’4’’ for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoid substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been 38 for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal(双足行走的) posture and cannot easily withstand 39 strain imposed by oversize limbs.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. If you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, by and large, you could use today’s data and feel 40 confident.II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Botany, the study of plants, occupies a ____31____ position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest (含糊的) of insight. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must extremely ancient. This is ____32_____. Plants are the basis of the food ____33____ for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, eyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognized accurately hundreds of plants and know many ____34_____of each. To them, botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less ___35_____ our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes ____36____ on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer ____37____ the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them___38_____ the wonder of agriculture; cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the ____39____ production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the ____40____ knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and close relationship with plants in the wild would begin fade away.2019届上海市各大名校高三英语试卷题型分类汇编珍藏版：选词填空II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Science is accompanying us. It is the body of knowledge about nature, ____31____the collective efforts, insights, findings, and wisdom of the human race. The enormous success of science has led to the general belief that scientists have developed and are ____32____a “method” extremely effective in gaining, organizing and applying new knowledge.Although this method has a certain appeal, it has not been the key to the most of the ____33____in science. Regular research, experimentation without guessing, and other methods account for much of the progress in science.Rather than a particular method, the success of science has more to do with an attitude common to scientists. This attitude is essentially one of ____34____before the facts. In the scientific spirit, scientists must accept facts even when they would like them to be different, regardless of the reputation of the number of ____35____. They must strive to distinguish between what they see and what they wish to see. People have traditionally tended to adopt general rules,beliefs and theories without ____36___questioning their validity(正确性)The most widespread assumptions are the least questioned. Most often, when an idea is adopted, particular attention is given to cases that seem to support it, while cases refuting(反驳)it are ignored. In this sense, scientists must be truly expert at ____37____ their minds, because science seeks not to defend our beliefs but to improve them.Away from their profession, scientists are no more honest than other people. But in their profession they work in an area that ____38____honesty. To reduce the likelihood of errors, scientists should accept the words only of those whose ideas, theories, and findings are ____39____---at least in principle. Sooner or later, mistakes are bound to be found out and wishful thinking to be exposed. The honesty so ____40____to the progress of science thus becomes a matter of self-interest to scientists.11。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版).do
One【2019届上海市虹口区高三英语一模试题】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)There aren’t many actors around the world who have enough selfconfidence to turn down an offer from Steven Spielberg. Maybe thatwas why Juliette Binoche gave him a choice. She said she’d be happyto be in Jurassic Park as long as she could play a dinosaur. Of coursehe turned her down and it was probably a good thing. It’s difficult toimagine Juliette ripping people apart with her teeth. However, herdecision doesn’t seem to have done her career any harm. She has gone on to make a string of hits, including The Unbearable Lightness of Being, The English Patient (for which she won an Oscar) and Chocolat.Success in the United States has not been so easy for otherforeign stars. Gerald Depardieu is a good example. Since his firstfilm in 1967, his filmography(影片集锦) lists 172 acting credits.But he has struggled on the other side of the pond. While some ofhis films have been popular in the US, they have usually beenFrench films that travelled. One possible exception was Green Card, directed by Peter Weir, where he plays a French immigrant who goes through a fake wedding in order to stay and work in the United States. This is a predictable but sweet romantic comedy which typecasts (分配同一类型角色) its lead actors in terms of national stereotypes. While some reviewers were kind, others shredded both the film and Depardieu’s performance.While Monsieur Depardieu has n’t received the recognition he would have liked in the United States, one Mexican actor has achieved almost instant success. Gael Garcia Bernal first gained recognition in Amores Perros in 2000 and a year later in Y tu mama tambien. Since then he has appeared with hometown hero, Brad Pitt in Babel and, under the direction of top producer and director, Jim Jarmusch, he starred in Limits of Control. He hasn’t picked up an Oscar yet, but hewas nominated for a BAFTA(英国电影电视艺术学院奖) in 2005 for his performance as the South American hero revolutionary Che Guevara, in Motorcycle Diaries. In the same year he played American music icon Elvis Presley in The King.56. It can be inferred from the passage that Juliette Binoche ______.A. very much wanted to be in Jurassic ParkB. didn’t want to be in Jurassic ParkC. really wanted to play a dinosaur in Jurassic ParkD. was hesitant whether she could play a dinosaur well57. According to the writer, Gerald Depardieu’s most popular films ______.A. have been made in HollywoodB. have only been seen in EuropeC. have been made in France, but seen in other countries, tooD. have been made in Hollywood, but well received in France58. The last sentence in Para 2 “o thers shredded both the film and Depardieu’s performance”means others thought Depardieu’s performance and the film were ______.A. complexB. interestingC. terribleD. impressive59. The writer’s purpose in writing this article is to suggest that ______.A. Foreign actors generally do well in the United StatesB. American actors are able to earn more money than foreign actorsC. Foreign actors are playing an irreplaceable role in the United StatesD. a successful career in Europe or Latin America doesn’t guarantee success in the USAKeys: 56-59 BCCDSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them. There are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the Information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects, “Bridge of Terabithia” is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy. Adapting Katherine Paterson’s award-winning novel, the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship between two unusually gifted children. The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing. An introverted(内向的) kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures; together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes, a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life, “Bridge to Terabithia” keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday. Gabor Csupo directs this, his first feature, like someone close to the pain of being different, fascinated in tiny, perfect details.With strong performances from all the lea ds, “Bridge to Terabithia” is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity. As the emotional landscape darkens, those who haven’t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your children may cry, but they won’t be traumatized so badly.Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web, “Bridge to Terabithia” is the kind of children’s movie rarely seen nowadays. At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music an d art from the curriculum, the story’s insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential.56. The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie ________.A. lost their control over the imaginary kingdomB. looked down on their individual realitiesC. formed a good friendship despite their different talentsD. wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia57. Which of the following words is most likely to replace “traumatized” (paragraph 4)?A. criticizedB. ignoredC. delightedD. shocked58. The two children most likely ________.A. skipped school to play in the woods behind their campusB. created an imaginary world as an escape from realityC. disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginationsD. won against the bullies at school with strong performances59. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?A. The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.B. The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.C. “Bridge to Terabithia” has a negative impact on public school education.D. Children shouldn’t watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.Keys: 56-59 CDBBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One recent night, while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal, my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked. “A prejudice had something in common with an ideal.” In other words, ideals---general descriptions of people’s expectations of themselves and others---can often lead us to unreasonable ideas. It got me thinking about how we often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people. We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.I grew up in a multi-racial corner of America. The different groups were often subject to narrow stereotypes: Jewish people were “greedy,” Mexicans were “poorly educated,” and Asians were “good at math.” These labels were taugh t to us from a young age. They wormed their wayinto our belief systems, harming how we came to see others. It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true. The rush-to-judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination(歧视).You can also see these over-generalized description being made against today’s Chinese people. Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among millennials(千禧一代) being described as “monkish,” or “dad-fashion(复古作风)” which has given the “greasy midd le-aged men” tag, stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.It’s about time that we, as a society, walked away from general izations and stereotypes. I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr. from his famous “I Have a Dream” speech: “I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” By reserving judgmen t and really getting to know the individual, you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation.56. According to the passage, how do people tend to judge others?A. By describing people’s personalities.B. By truly getting to know those around.C. By observing their noticeable features.D. By following Martin Luther King’s speech57. According to the author, a culture of discrimination appears because __________.A. people live in places of various racesB. people are born with unreasonable ideasC. prejudices slightly influence people’s belief systemD. people usually make judgments without thinking twice58. Examples of “millennials” and “dad-fashion” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal _______.A. generalizations have unfavourable position in societyB. generalizations have a negative influence on our societyC. generalizations are found peculiar to the middle-aged ChineseD. generalizations make today’s Chinese people lack interest or worry59. The passage is mainly concerned with ________.A. the common prejudiceB. people’s expectation of themselvesC. the groundless worriesD. the famous speech of Martin Luther KingKeys: 56-59 CDBASection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)What to endure before publication?It takes a lot to write a novel. Even those who haven’t tried would say, “Well, duh!” to this. But it’s not much the mind space or the considerable time it takes to write a novel that is as discouraging as how many times any writer must go back to the drawing board for yet another draft. To really ready a novel for publication, a writer must spend time with his or her book. Like any promising relationship, you, the writer , must date your novel, take it out to dinner, meet its parents, and see it through its most trying and desperate times. As a writer, you have to stay up all night with your novel crying and talking and sometimes even pulling your hair out before that perfect moment of inspiration can truly help you cross the finish line.For many published authors I know, myself included, a completed novel takes them about 10, that’s right, 10 drafts, and at least a year of real editing. Will you be spending every single second editing your novel? No, of course not. Just as drafts need some real time on the surgery table, they also need rest in the recovery room. You don’t nurse a relationship by spending every waking second with them until you can’t stand the sight of each other, and you can’t produce a novel by breathing down its literary neck. However, a novel should undergo many drafts---and different kinds of drafts—before declaring it ready for an agent or editor to see.Everyone has their own way to write a novel, and not all craft advice (or even craft “rules”) should all be followed by everyone, but when it comes to the many drafts of a novel, there are specific things a writer should focus on during each revision to help create a smooth transition from the initial idea to final products.56. People are discouraged from writing a novel mainly because it requires _____.A. a good publisherB. too much thinkingC. tons of working timeD. frequent revisions57. What do writers do in the course of creating a novel?A. They spend every minute with the novel.B. They treat the novel as a lover.C. They go out with some readers for dinner.D. They hurt themselves to stay awake.58. By “breathing down its literary neck” in Paragraph 2, the author most probably means _____.A. writing casually thus failing to take readers’ breath awayB. letting go a single mistake thus annoying the readersC. X-raying the work thus finding each literary mistakeD. sticking too close to the work thus causing anxiety59. Which of the following is most likely to come after the last paragraph?A. The importance of using proper transitional words in writing.B. The writing experience shared by famous successful write.C. Tips on how to make ten drafts to complete a good novel.D. Setbacks writers may suffer if ignoring the craft advice.Keys: 56-59 DBDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved(运转) around Eris, a concept by which they defined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a condition of opposites. If there was good, then there was evil；if there was love, then there was hatred; joy, then sorrow; war, then peace; andso on. The Greeks believed that good Eris occurred when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose. It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bring together the great opposing forces in nature. Bad Eris was evident in the violent conditions that ruled men’s lives. Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad Eris occurred when one ignored a problem, letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw Eris as a goddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble.One myth that expresses this concept of bad Eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns that Thetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting to father his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal(凡人) whose child could never challenge the gods. He promises her, among other things, the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please. This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned from it still applies today. They do invite everyone . . . except Eris, the Goddess of Discord. In other words, instead of facing the problems brought on by a mixed marriage, they turn their backs on them. They refused to deal directly with their problems and the result is tragic. In her fury(狂怒), Eris arrives, ruins the wedding, causes a jealous argument between the three major goddesses over a golden apple, and sets in place the conditions that lead to the Trojan War. The war would take place 20 years in the future, but it would result in the death of the only child of the bride and groom, Achilles. Eris would destroy the parents’ hopes for their future, leaving the couple with no legal heirs (继承人) to the throne.Hence, when we are told, “If you don’t invite trouble, trouble comes,” it means that if we don’t deal with our problems, our problems will deal with us . . . with a revenge! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their myths learning myths, for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which can destroy us.56. Bad Eris is defined in the passage as _______.A. the violent conditions of life.B. the problems man encounters.C. the evil goddess who has a golden apple.D. the murderer of generations.57. Zeus married Thetis off because _______.A. he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankind.B. he feared the gods would create bad Eris by competing over her.C. he feared the Trojan War would be fought over her.D. he feared being a father of a boy who would kill him in the future.58. Zeus did not fear a child of King Peleus because _______.A. he knew that the child could not climb Mt. Olympus and manage to kill a god.B. he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan War which would happen in 20 years.C. he knew t hat no matter how strong a mortal child was, he couldn’t overthrow an immortal god.D. he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else.59. What does the myth in the passage want to tell us?A. Do not consider a mixed marriage.B. Do not anger the gods.C. Do not ignore the problems that arise in life.D. Do not take myths seriously.Keys: 56-59 ADCCSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Once again DC Comics and Warner Bros. have divided fans and critics over their latest superhero film.There had been worrying news about Justice League in the months before its release, with a lot of reshoots of scenes, a new director being brought in to finish the film after original director Zack Snyder’s tragic loss of his daughter and, of course, a lot of talk about Ben Affleck’s future in the role of Batman.Some people are saying that Justice League is another big disappointment, that it could havebeen incredible and instead fails to really entertain. Others say that Warner Bros, have finally got it right and that the future for the League looks bright. My opinion lies somewhere in the middle. The film was by no means a disappointment: it was exciting, funny and a lot of fun to watch. There’s something special about watching the heroes from your childhood brought to life on the big screen and maybe that is affecting my opinion.However, I will say that a lot of work needs to be done if the producer wants to make a great success. Although the film was good, it was obvious which scenes had been reshot and how the characters had been changed. I also have to mention the several scenes in which the special effects were very badly done; there are the kinds of problems that you don’t expect to see in a film with such a big budget.Another point to add is that it is good to see the producer making Superman slightly a brighter character and adding some jokes to the plot to keep things fun. But the producer must be careful not to make the mistake that another film producer---here, not mentioning the name---is coming very close to doing: turning all of the films into bright and colorful shows and losing a lot of seriously good stories.In the end, Justice League is not a perfect film but it is definitely not a terrible one. A lot of work is still to be done but I hope that DC does not completely lose its darker side.56. Before the release of Justice League, many people showed their ________.A. pity for the director, Zack SnyderB. concern about the film’s qualityC. higher expectation of the new directorD. support for the actor, Ben Affleck57. According to the author, what’s special about Justice League?A. It advocates social justice.B. It brings lots of fun to the audience.C. It has some brave heroes.D. It brings back childhood memories.58. In Paragraph 5 the author mainly wants to express his _________.A. views on the film’s weaknessB. advice to the film’s directorC. love for the filmD. expectation of the film’s sequels59. The author mentioned another film producer to ________.A. stress the importance of fun in a filmB. show Justice League’s lack of a ser ious plotC. serve as a warning to the producer of Justice LeagueD. set an example for the producer of Justice LeagueKeys: 56-59 BDBCSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over £100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 p m, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stac king shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croyd on, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.Unfortunately, thou gh I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about £7,000 a year.I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to havemore time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.A. responsibleB. qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author?A. Sociable.B. Diligent.C. Ambitious.D. Persistent.59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.Keys: 56-59 DBACSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I boarded a small plane together with my sister and 42 other passengers. While flying over the mountains, the plane encountered violent airflow. Losing control suddenly, it hit an unknownmountain peak. The impact of the crash claimed the lives of a few passengers immediately, leaving many injured including my sister.Adding a slight chance of being found out, we waited in the open, as opposed to waiting in the plane, even though it was freezing cold. At night, we slept side by side to keep ourselves warm and melted snow into water. We knew our fo od couldn’t last us long, sticking to the hope that we would be rescued soon.We knew from radio that the outside world was trying to look for the missing aircraft. However, the aircraft was white and blended in with the snow, making it impossible to be seen from the sky. Later, our hope was dead when we found out via our radio that the rescue effort ended.Now climbing over the mountains ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival. Although the crash site was an awful place, with urine（尿）everywhere and smelling of death, I still wished to stay there. But my sister would give in to her injuries soon if we were not rescued. Thus, together with two other people, Canessa and Vizintin, I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help. Carrying some food and water, the three climbers started our journey. If we had known anything about climbing, we would have realized that we were already finished. The mountain we were about to challenge was one with slopes so steep that it would scare away a team of expert climbers. Our ignorance provided our only chance.We endured exhaustion and starvation and we had reached the top.To our horror, we found nothing. Disappointed, we were about to give up hope when I spotted a valley at the base of the mountain and again we started making our way down the mountain.Eventually, at the bottom of the mountain we were helped by a local farmer who called the police for help. I then guided the rescue team via a helicopter to the crash site. Finally, after we had endured nineteen cruel days, the world found out that there were 16 survivors who had cheated death despite the odds.56. Why did they stay outside the plane?A. Because they didn’t want to stay with dead people inside.B. Because it’s easier to obtain melted snow for water.C. Because they hoped to be seen by the rescue people.D. Because other passengers were against staying inside.57. Why did the author leave the crash site despite his wish to stay?A. Because he could get help from two experienced climbers.B. Because his sister might die without timely medical help.C. Because the crash site was too terrible for him to stay in.D. Because he would like to be tested by the steep mountain slopes.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Rescue people didn’t notice the aircraft because of its color at the beginning.B. The public knew where the plane crashed from the radio.C. The author gave up the climb halfway due to disappointment.D. More than half of the plane passengers were finally rescued.59. The underlined sentence had cheated death despite the odds is closest in meaning to ________.A. had told lies about death in spite of realityB. had avoided death in spite of huge difficultiesC. had treated death with positive attitudeD. had almost died in spite of strange expectationKeys: 56-59 CBABSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Flu is killing us. The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future. Yes, we have an annual vaccine (疫苗), and everyone qualified should get。
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)
II. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.China’s first private research-oriented university Westlake University, which is backed by some of the country’s biggest business tycoons, was 31 inaugurated on Saturday morning in Hangzhou, East China’s Zhejiang Province, according to media reports.Westlake University is the first research-oriented university funded by private 32 and supported by the Chinese government in the country, 33 news website reported on Saturday. The non-profit institution was launched by a slew of 34 academia (学术机构) in the country and funded by high-profile business 35 , including Tencent Holdings Ltd Chairman Pony Ma and Wanda Group Chairman Wang Jianlin, according to information on the school’s website.Headed by Shi Yigong, a biologist and former vice president of the prestigious Tsinghua University in Beijing, Westlake will be 36 to the study of natural science and engineering, with world-class environment and state-of-the-art research facility. Construction for the university started in April and is expected to be completed by 2021. Total investment for the project is ____37____ to be 3.68 billion yuan ($585 million), according to media reports.The opening of Westlake University also comes as Chinese business leaders are throwing their support behind the country’s education 38 . Several other Chinese business leaders, including Alibaba Group founder Jack Ma Yun and Lenovo Group founder Liu Chuanzhi, have also 39 started a non-profit institution --Hupan University in Zhejiang. The university was inaugurated in March 2015. Jack Ma, who announced his retirement from Alibaba in September to focus on 40 work, including education, was the university’s first president.Keys: 31-35 JGBAF36-40 DHKICII. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Photography is often perceived as an objective, and therefore unbiased, medium for documenting and preserving moments and national and world histories, and for visualizing and narrating news stories. But the choices made by a photographer--including how the image is ____31____, what is left in or out of the frame, and how it may be cropped, edited, or otherwise altered after it is taken--introduce a point-of-view into the photograph and ____32____ impact how we receive and understand images. Such considerations raise critical questions about how willingly we accept any one photograph as a reflection of ____33____ truth.Photographs can bear ____34____ to history and even serve as catalysts(催化剂) for change. They can foster sympathy and raise awareness or, ____35____, offer critical commentary on historical people, places, and events. Throughout the history of the medium, photographers have aimed to capture the essence of events they saw with their own eyes--though the question of the trustworthiness of their images is always up for debate.Though Dorothea Lange had been operating a successful portrait studio in San Francisco since 1919, she was moved by the homeless people as the Great Depression began to take its toll, and she started photographing them. These photographs led to her being hired by the federal Farm Security Administration(FSA), formed to raise awareness of and provide aid to poor farmers. Lange closely identified with the FSA’s mission, which was to ____36____ the effects of the Depression on Americans, bringing attention to their struggles so that such events would never recur. Due in part to her work with the FSA, Lange became known as a pioneer of documentary photography, a ____37____ she disliked because she felt the term did not reflect the passionate social motivations that fueled her work.Dorothea Lange took this photograph Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California in 1936, while employed by the FSA program. In Nipomo, California, Lange came across Florence Owens Thompson and her children in a camp filled with field whose livelihoods were devastated by the failure of the pea crops. Recalling her encounter with Thompson years later, she said, “ I saw and approached the hungry and desperate mother. I do not remember how I explained my ____38____ or my camera to her, but I do remember she asked me no questions. I made five exposures, working closer and closer from the same direction.” One photograph from that shoot known as Migrant Mother was widely ____39____ to magazines and newspapers and became a symbol of the plight farm workers during the Great Depression.As Lange described Thompson’s situation, “She and her children had been living on frozen vegetables from the field. Yet they could not move on, for she had just sold the tires from the car to buy food.”However, Thompson later ____40____ Lange’s account. When a reporter interviewed her in the 1970s, she insisted that she and Lange did not speak to each other, nor did she sell the tires of her car. Thompson said that Lange had either confused her for another farmer or embellished(渲染) what she had understood of her situation in order to make a better story.Keys: 31-35 BEADC 36-40 GKFIJII. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The throngs of tourists flooding Russian cities for the World Cup are expected to provide a(n) ____31____ boost to the country’s economy. However, the influx has proved difficult for some host cities to fully ____32____ visitors.In the city of Samara, where England will play Sweden on Saturday in a quarterfinal match,water pressure is decreasing due to a(n) ____33____ in customers. In response, the city utility company has offered an unusual solution to mitigate (缓解) the low pressure. The proposal by the city’s water system authorities was ____34____ in a simple statement. “Save water, take showers in pairs,” the company said, accompanying its _____35____ with a smiley face. The Moscow Times reported the water authorities have increased output in recent days to compensate for the visitors, but the utility company is still trying to ____36____ residents about the strains placed on the water service. Rather than trying to change the habits of visitors, the water service has asked locals to alter their daily ____37____. “Thousands of the city’s visitors, who also consume water, are ____38____ to the increase,” the utility company, Samarskiye Kommunalniye Systemy, wrote in a press release on Wednesday.Recommended SlideshowsThe city has also experienced a heat wave that has increased the ____39____ for water during the tournament. The Associated Press reported said that medical staff distributed water to fans traveling to last month’s game between Russia and Uruguay via public transit. Utility issues also arose when Russia hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. The host nation seemed unable to provide the infrastructure needed to host athletes, fans, reporters and others who attended the tournament. Journalists who visited the city to report on the games ____40____ discolored and brown water coming out of faucets(龙头).Keys: 31-35 EGIAF 36-40 BKJHCII. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Germany became the latest defending champion to crash out of the World Cup at the first hurdle, part of a trend but definitely not part of the plan when Germany arrived here.A smooth-running ___31___ machine when it won the Cup in 2014, Germany now appears in need of a reform after losing, 2-0, to South Korea here on Wednesday and saying goodbye to Russia about three weeks earlier than many expected.It has been the earliest exit for a German team at the World Cup since 1938, which seems even more ___32___ when you consider Hitler was then the country’s leader and only 15 teams participated.With stars like Kroos, Mesut Özil and Mats Hummels, Germany won every match in ___33___ for this World Cup, the first German team to do so. But it could not even ___34___ it out of the group phase in Russia.There seems to be a World Cup curse at ___35___. Since the 1998 edition, the defending champion has been eliminated in the group phase on four occasions: France in 2002, Italy in 2010, Spain in 2014 and now Germany.But this team’s early exit was still a(n) ___36___ shock, and Joachim Löw, the German coach since 2006, used that same word — “schock,” in his own language — to describe the experience on Wednesday.“The ___37___ of being eliminated is just huge,” said Löw, who added that the team deserved to go out early. “It turned ___38___. I must take responsibility for this.”A four-time World Cup winner, Germany was a finalist in 2002, third in 2006 and 2010 and the champion in 2014 after dealing the host nation of Brazil a 7-1 defeat in the semifinals, the ___39___ of which still leaves many Brazilians in pain.The Germans certainly have historical company, however. The list of defending champions to lose very early shows how ___40___ it is to maintain momentum and focus with national teams whose players practice and play together much less frequently than they do with their clubs.31-35HCAJK 36-40 FDIGBThe New York subway system is one of the largest in the world, ferrying nearly eight and a half million people around the city every week. Riders find more than ___41___ below the streets; among the dirt and the screech of the trains, there is also music. The subway system is like a free ___42___ hall, offering almost every kind of music.You never know what you might ___43___, depending on the day of the week and the particular station. At a subway platform below Pennsylvania station one afternoon recently, Rawl Mitchell, an immigrant from Trinidad and Tobago, was playing the steel drums. He said he’s been performing in the subway since the mid-1990s. “The people do ___44___ the music,” he said. “They stand around listening and if it pleases them, they applaud and put their money in the case or whatever. They ___45___ clap and say things like ‘It’s nice.’ They offer me some positive feedback.”Singer-songwriter Rosateresa, who often sings on a station at 14th Street, has been at it almost as long. She moved from Puerto Rico to study classical voice several decades ago. “My ___46___ is to sing like the jilguero, a Puerto Rican bird, which wakes up the sun,” said Rosateresa.Mitchell and Rosateresa both perform ___47___, outside the transit authority’s official “Music Under New York” program, which sponsor 150 performances each week, by more than 200 individuals and groups.Like Rosateresa and Mitchell, Musicians who participate in “Music Under New York” ___48___ only whatever people choose to give. Opera singers Tom McNichols and Patricia Vital, part of a group called “Opera Collective”, said they ___49___ performing in the subways, though it isn’t lucrative. “Music in general is not about money, and ‘Music Under New York’ is definitely more about making opera ___50___ than it is about making a living,” McNichols said.41-45GDCBE 46-50 KJFHIII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section AS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Air pollution is a killer.The World Health Organization says it kills about seven million people around the world each year. Even if polluted air does not kill us, it can make us very sick.However, breathing dirty air may do more than hurt your body. It can also affect your brain and your ability to think. A new study shows that air pollution can cause a “huge” 31 in our intelligence. The study was a project 32 researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.The researchers reported that long-term33 to air pollution can affect a person’s mental abilities in two areas: language and mathematics.They studied about 25,000 men, women and children from across China by giving them language and math tests between 2010 and 2014. Then they compared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, 34 nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide.Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing 35 air can reduce a person’s education level by about one year. Chen said that the effect 36 is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those working outdoors than those working indoors. And the test subjects studied came from 25 of China’s 33 provinces, ranging in age from 10 to 90, which, according to Chen, provided a “good 37 sample.”The researchers noted that the effect of pollution on 38 ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The smallest pieces of air pollution, called particulate matter 2.5 or simply PM2.5., are only 2.5 micrometers long; sometimes they are even smaller. So one can easily breathe them in, and they are found indoors.Chen urges 39 policymakers to make serious changes. "The longer-term effects suggests to the policymakers that we need to engage in cleaning up the sky instead of investing in short-term 40 , for example the face masks or air filters.” He said.Keys: 31-35 GBDEH36-40 CKIJFII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section AS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.World’s Best RestaurantCritics of renewable energy often cite the fact that technologies like wind and solar only produce energy when the wind is blowing or the sun is shining. They argue that we can’t effectively utilize renewable energy until appropriate energy ____31____ technology is developed. While the fact that wind and solar don’t produce energy around the clock is certainly a major ____32____, I find that the problems associated with the intermittent(间歇的) nature of many renewables are often exaggerated, and rarely discussed from a(a)____33____ perspective. With this post, I’ll introduce a few of the main challenges posed by intermittent energy ____34____, and then discuss three possible solutions.The difficulty associated with integrating variable sources of electricity ____35____ from the fact that the power grid(电网) was designed around the concept of large, ____36____ electric generators. Today, the grid operator uses a three-phase planning process to ensure power plants produce the right amount of electricity at the right time to ____37____ and reliably meet electric demand. Because the grid has very little storage capacity, the balance between electricity supply and demand must be ____38____ at all times to avoid a blackout or other problem.Intermittent renewables are ____39____ because they disrupt the conventional methods for planning the daily operation of the electric grid. Their power fluctuates(波动) over multiple time horizons. Take the example of solar panels. Solar energy is only available during daylight hours, so the grid operator must adjust the day-ahead plan to include generators that can quickly adjust their power output to compensate for the rise and fall in solar generation. Furthermore, power plants that ____40____ produce electricity all day every day might instead be asked to turn off during the middle of the day so that the energy produced from solar can be used instead of fossil electricity.Keys: 31-35 AHKGC36-40 EBIFJII. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the early 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association(NBA) 31 at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed ____32____over the years, and managers have been more than willing to 33 team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.However, the trend in sports may be 34 an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller than 140 years ago, today’s people—especially those born to families who have lived in the US for many generations—apparently reached their 35 in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as we can go,” says anthropologist of Wright State University.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed 36 tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood 37 got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5’9’’for men, 5’4’’ for women—hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoid substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been 38 for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal(双足行走的) posture and cannot easily withstand 39 strain imposed by oversize limbs.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. If you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, by and large, you could use today’s data and feel 40 confident.Keys: 31-35 GABIE 36-40 CDHJFII. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Botany, the study of plants, occupies a ____31____ position in the history of human knowledge. For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest (含糊的) of insight. It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must extremely ancient. This is ____32_____. Plants are the basis of the food ____33____ for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, eyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognized accurately hundreds of plants and know many ____34_____of each. To them, botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less ___35_____ our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes ____36____ on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer ____37____ the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them___38_____ the wonder of agriculture; cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the ____39____ production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the ____40____ knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and close relationship with plants in the wild would begin fade away.Keys: 31-35 GKIHJ36-40 BDCAFII. Grammar and VocabularyS ection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Science is accompanying us. It is the body of knowledge about nature, ____31____the collective efforts, insights, findings, and wisdom of the human race. The enormous success of science has led to the general belief that scientists have developed and are ____32____a “method” extremely effective in gaining, organizing and applying new knowledge.Although this method has a certain appeal, it has not been the key to the most of the ____33____in science. Regular research, experimentation without guessing, and other methods account for much of the progress in science.Rather than a particular method, the success of science has more to do with an attitude common to scientists. This attitude is essentially one of ____34____before the facts. In the scientific spirit, scientists must accept facts even when they would like them to be different, regardless of the reputation of the number of ____35____. They must strive to distinguish between what they see and what they wish to see. People have traditionally tended to adoptgeneral rules,beliefs and theories without ____36___questioning their validity(正确性)The most widespread assumptions are the least questioned. Most often, when an idea is adopted, particular attention is given to cases that seem to support it, while cases refuting(反驳)it are ignored. In this sense, scientists must be truly expert at ____37____ their minds, because science seeks not to defend our beliefs but to improve them.Away from their profession, scientists are no more honest than other people. But in their profession they work in an area that ____38____honesty. To reduce the likelihood of errors, scientists should accept the words only of those whose ideas, theories, and findings are ____39____---at least in principle. Sooner or later, mistakes are bound to be found out and wishful thinking to be exposed. The honesty so ____40____to the progress of science thus becomes a matter of self-interest to scientists.Keys: 31-35 DIACG 36-40 HKFEB。
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)
III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, 41 . I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost 42 on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just ____43____ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of ____44____or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor (倦怠) had ____45____ this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet (铅锤) and sounding-line (测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ____46____ before my education began, only I was without ____47____ or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the ____48____ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone ____49____ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to ____50____ all things to me, and, more than all t hings else, to love me.The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until ____51____. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to ____52____ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I ____53____ withchildish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this ____54____ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a ____55____.41. A. hesitant B. reluctant C. expectant D. defendant42. A. consequently B. unconsciously C. deliberately D. simultaneously43. A. come forth B. brought about C. left behind D. hidden away44. A. panic B. result C. position D. marvel45. A. succeeded B. exposed C. inherited D. demonstrated46. A. fog B. ship C. shore D. plummet47. A. compassion B. compromise C. compass D. companion48. A. paradise B. habitat C. residence D. harbor49. A. took B. shook C. clung D. rescued50. A. share B. devote C. reveal D. celebrate51. A. beforehand B. backward C. afterward D. forward52. A. illustrate B. exhibit C. guess D. imitate53. A. fluttered B. flourished C. flashed D. flushed54. A. unrealistic B. uncomprehending C. insurmountable D. unproductive55. A. title B. name C. credit D. roleKeys: 41-45 CBADA 46-50 BCDAC 51-55 CDDBBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Vast Parts of Earth should be left wildTo avoid mass extinctions of all plants and animals, governments should protect a third of the oceans and land by 2030 and half by 2050, with a focus on areas of high biodiversity. So say leading biologists in an editorial in the journal Science.This isn’t not just about saving biodiverse areas, says Jonathan Baillie of the National Geographic Society, one of the authors. It’s also about saving ourselves by protecting____41____ natural systems, or ecosystems. and their benefits to us, known as ecosystem service. “We are learning that the large areas that remain are important for providing services for all life. The forests, for example, are ____42____critical for absorbing and storing carbon.” says Baille.At present, just 3.6 per cent of the planet’s oceans and 14.7 per cent of the land is protected by law. At the 2010 Nagoya Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity,governments agreed to protect 10 per cent of the oceans and 17 per cent of land.But this isn’t nearly enough, says Baillie. In the editorial, He and his coauthor, Ya-Ping Zhang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, want governments to set much bigger ____43____ targets at the next major conference in 2020.“We have to enormously ____44____ increase our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we ____45____ currently benefit from,” says Baillie. “The trends are in a ____46____ positive direction, it’s just we have to move much faster.”It’s hard to work out how much space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem ____47____benefits, the pair say, because there’s so much we don’t know about life on Earth – like how many species there are. ____48____However, most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 per cent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems must be protected. Therefore, we, including governments, should be _____49____ err on the side of caution when setting goals and strategies.“There is no doubt we need far more land and sea ____50____secured for conserving and retaining nature,” says James Watson at the University of Queensland in Australia. “Targets like 50 per cent are in the right ball park when it comes to the minimal ____51____ amount of area needed to conserve biodiversity.”But Watson and others stress that which areas get protected is even more important than the overall percentage. “The key thing is to protect the right areas,” says Jose Montoya of the Stationfor Theoretical and Experimental Ecology in Moulis, France. “If we ____52____ merely protect a proportion of the territory, governments will likely protect what’s easy, and that’s usually areas of ____53____ low biodiversity and ecosystem service provision.”In fact,a third of the 3.6 per cent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being ____54____exploited, Watson’s team reported last month. So only ____55____ declaring areas to be protected isn’t enough.41. A. stricter B. wider C. safer D. simpler42. A. unique B. sufficient C. critical D. fit43. A. examples B. values C. awards D. objectives44. A. increase B. achieve C. lack D. frustrate45. A. barely B. currently C. roughly D. thoroughly46. A. opposite B. fixed C. complex D. positive47. A. approaches B. management C. benefits D. degradation48. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Otherwise49. A. concerned B. changeable C. firm D. cautious50. A. deserted B. secured C. measured D. distributed51. A. damage B. cost C. amount D. standard52. A. completely B. merely C. Virtually D. desperately53. A. mass B. tropical C. marine D. low54. A. exploited B. expanded C. restored D. discovered55. A. developing B. covering D. declaring D. utilizingKeys: 41-45 BCDAB 46-50 DCCDB 51-55 CBDADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How Facebook Programmed Our RelativesThree years ago, on his birthday, a law professor watched his e-mail inbox as usual. But it was filled with Facebook notifications (通告) ____41____ that friends had posted messages on his wall. The messages made him sad. The blocked inbox was ____42____, but what really upset him was having disclosed his birth date to Facebook in the first place. It’s not necessary for social networking to comply with (遵守) privacy laws, as some people ___43____ believe. He hadn’t paid much attention when he signed up—as with most electronic contracts, there was no room for negotiation about terms. He ____44____ Facebook’s instructions, entered the data and clicked a button.A few days later, the law professor decided to change the birth date on his Facebook profile to ____45____ the same situation next year. But when the fake date rolled around, his inbox again was flooded with Facebook notifications. Two of the messages were from close relatives, one of whom he had spoken with on the phone on his actual birthday! How could she not realize that the date was ____46____?Our hypothesis (假设): she’d been programmed!That law professor was one of us, and it confirmed his ____47___ that most people respond ____48____ to Facebook’s prompts (提示) to provide information or contact a friend without really thinking much about it. That’s because digital networked technologies are engineering humans to behave like simple stimulus-response machines.Social media plays a tremendous role in modern life. Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter have become the primary ways of keeping in touch with friends, family, classmates and colleagues. To date, ____49____, researchers have not fully explored the degree to which these platforms are literally programming human responses. Social media platforms encode a range of social ____50____: Facebook notifies us when it is time to wish our friends a happy birthday; LinkedIn prompts us to congratulate contacts on their work anniversaries. As a result, social interactions are often ____51____ to the click of a button.Facebook may increase the number of people to whom we wish a happy birthday with a few clicks of a button; it’s not as if we remember the birth dates of that high school classmate or distant cousin. But if it becomes ____52____ behavior, is it even meaningful? As for people who aren’t on Facebook or don’t post their birth dates publicly, the ___53____ they exercise over their data comes at a cost: they don’t receive scores of well-wishes from far-flung contacts. ____54____, it’s still nice to be thought of, even if just once a year.Digital platforms are ____55____ what it means to be human, and we can’t rely on the platforms to police or research themselves. In the meantime, when your birthday rolls around, enjoy the warm feelings from friends sending their regards— but remember that they don’t know when your birthday really is any more than you do theirs.41. A. requiring B. recognizing C. indicating D. summarizing42. A. annoying B. embarrassing C. frustrating D. exciting43. A. hardly B. passionately C. mistakenly D. slowly44. A. lacked B. suspended C. obeyed D. offered45. A. accept B. avoid C. analyze D. arrange46. A. significant B. definite C. correct D. fake47. A. doubt B. appointment C. statement D. plan48. A. cautiously B. positively C. automatically D. aggressively49. A. thus B. however C. moreover D. otherwise50. A. reforms B. problems C. issues D. behaviors51. A. adapted B. reduced C. committed D. admitted52. A. suspected B. accepted C. programmed D. horrified53. A. control B. judgments C. influence D. skills54. A. In return B. In addition C. For example D. After all55. A. enriching B. examining C. shaping D. retainingKeys: 41-45 CACCB 46-50 DACBD 51-55 BCADCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recentstudy in the journal Royal Society Open Science. But that shouldn’t stop you from ___51___ with pals who are down in the dumps, say the study authors: ___52___, the effect isn’t large enough to push you into depression.The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness—as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking, drinking, obesity, fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate—can ___53___ across social networks, both online and in real life. But while many ___54___ studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in ___55___ screenings（筛查）and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total, 2,194 students were included in the ___56___, which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.Overall, kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more ___57___ to report bad moods themselves—and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, ___58___, their moods were more likely to improve over time.Some symptoms related to depression—like helplessness, tiredness and loss of interest—also seemed to follow this ___59___, which scientists call “social contagion.” But this isn’t something that people need to ___60___, says lead author Robert Eyre, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it’s likely just a “___61___ empathetic response that we’re all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,” he says. In other words, when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you’ll feel some of their ___62___, and it’s certainly not a reason to stay away.The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not ___63___ participants’ risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,” says Eyre, “so a good course of action is simply to ___64___ them.” To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both ___65___—and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings, too.”51. A. keeping up B. making off C. hanging out D. getting away52. A. Thankfully B. Particularly C. Hopefully D. Totally53. A. increase B. generate C. delay D. spread54. A. growing B. previous C. real D. large-scale55. A. depression B. anxiety C. anger D. friendship56. A. assessment B. examination C. analysis D. exercise57. A. willing B. reluctant C. able D. likely58. A. what’s worse B. as a result C. on the other hand D. in one word59. A. prediction B. pattern C. report D. improvement60. A. worry about B. look for C. rely on D. put forward61. A. social B. normal C. rough D. certain62. A. symptoms B. responses C. recognition D. pain63. A. eliminate B. conceal C. increase D. sugarcoat64. A. enlighten B. entertain C. empower D. support65. A. enjoy B. understand C. advise D. permit(B)Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were by far the best-known ___66___ to operate in China. Their ___67___ have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s first architectural historians was no easy ___68___. The buildings they wanted to ___69___ were centuries old, often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through ___70___ conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.___71___ China’s outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule, or on foot. This was a(n) ___72___ undertaking both for Liang, who walked with a bad limp（跛）after a motorcycle accident as a young man, and Lin, who had a lung disease for years. Inns were often unimaginably dirty, food could be tainted（污染的）, and there was always ___73___ of violence from rebels, soldiers and bandits.Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely ___74___ catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was ___75___ in 857 A.D., making it the oldestbuilding known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most ___76___ areas to determine its age, including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. Liang wrote of the ___77___ in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past,” the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank, their close friend and correspondent.“In complete darkness and amid the ___78___ smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours,” Liang wrote. “When ___79___ we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the ___80___ and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”66. A. architects B. historians C. preservationists D. travellers67. A. documents B. efforts C. operations D. encouragements68. A. achievement B. dream C. determination D. breakthrough69. A. construct B. develop C. announce D. save70. A. opposing B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. dangerous71. A. Exploring B. Touring C. Developing D. Overlooking72. A. unadvisable B. priceless C. demanding D. worthless73. A. tolerance B. accusation C. suspicion D. risk74. A. efficiently B. carefully C. merrily D. creatively75. A. built B. ruined C. discovered D. recorded76. A. untidy B. ancient C. forgotten D. important77. A. crawl B. experience C. prospection D. exploitation78. A. unknown B. disgusting C. hard D. thick79. A. at last B. in contrast C. in result D. with effort80. A. misery B. result C. reflection D. importanceKeys: (A) 51-55 CADBA 56-60 CDCBA 61-65 BDCDA(B) 66-70 CBADD 71-75 ACDBA 76-80 CBBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Today’s youth seem content to take the easy route and enjoy the ride of life. When ___41___ situations arise, they often pull a long face and ___42___. How you live your teen years will have a profound impact on the rest of your life. You must learn to utilize (利用) your ___43___ wisely.You may not see it now, ___44___ developing leadership characteristics at a young age is very important. ___45___ we get older, it becomes harder to overcome bad habits and replace them with good ones. Possessing leadership qualities is essential, both in this life and in the world to come.There are certain qualities that one needs to develop in order to become a leader: justice, judgment, dependability, initiative, decisiveness, courage, knowledge and loyalty. You may recognize these as good qualities to have, without realizing how they apply to leadership. The more that these qualities are part of your nature, the more ___46___ and enjoyable your life will be. All of these are qualities that one must possess to one degree or another.___47___ popular opinion, leadership is something that is learned. No one is born a leader. We are all capable of ___48___ the leadership qualities mentioned above—some just choose not to. Of course, not everyone can be the “top dog”, ___49___ all the time. However, everyone does have the capacity to lead in some way—but ___50___ is required!Understand that learning is a fact of life—learning to ride a bike, learning to drive, learning to type, learning mathematics, etc. All of these activities ___51___ action, if we do not ___52___ and develop them, those abilities will never come to perfection.Youth is an excellent time to start developing leadership qualities. ___53___ the time to study each one in detail. Put them into practice as you interact with other people. Determine which areas you are weak in, striving to always improve. Observe the leaders and how they handle situations and carry themselves. Also, study the lives of great leaders. The results will ___54___ you in this life —and ___55___!41. A. comfortable B. tough C. enjoyable D. convenient42. A. shout B. laugh C. complain D. regret43. A. intelligence B. time C. degree D. challenge44. A. but B. while C. for D. since45. A. Before B. After C. As D. Though46. A. efficient B. effective C. sufficient D. productive47. A. In spite of B. Contrary to C. As for D. Regardless of48. A. demanding B. carrying C. exhibiting D. expecting49. A. let alone B. depend on C. start off D. get together50. A. patience B. perseverance C. intelligence D. action51. A. require B. cause C. profit D. set52. A. increase B. exploit C. recall D. demonstrate53. A. Spend B. Take C. Pay D. Consume54. A. serve B. encourage C. charge D. entitle55. A. out B. beyond C. away D. offKeys: 41-45 BCBAC 46-50 DBCAD 51-55 ABBABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Can we do without cash? Since 2015, digital payments in the UK have ____41____ those in cash, and we are invited by the great and the good1to cheer this on. The fully cashless era will be magnificently ____42____, they say, with goods delivered directly to the door: no fumbling(摸索) for change, just tap and go. Some London ____43____ of several chains don’t accept cash any more. Businesses and banks want to ____44____ cash because they have fears of the black market and tax avoidance. Yet we should worry about the ____45____ of cash, because physical money possesses worth far above its face value.Actual ____46____ money, in the hand, teaches us its true value. With cash, what you see is what you have. Exchanging it demands personal engagement and ____47____ the wheels of acommunity. In the shop, the exchange of cash takes time: it involves eye meeting eye. A digital touch payment is done in a(n) ____48____: no human interaction necessary.Without cash, ____49____ gifts of money become impossible: no more helping a fellow passenger with a bus fare, no ____50____ change to charity or beggar. ____51____, the lack of cash means even the most fundamental aspects of etiquette(礼节) are under pressure. Tipping in restaurants is changing beyond recognition. In simpler times, any amount of cash, warmly generous and pointedly small could be left as a reward. In the digital age, any extra money ____52____ to the restaurant account may never reach the staff pocket.Cash is a(n) ____53____ of what money stands for. It promotes independence and engagement. Security concerns are reduced to the age-old matter of keeping hold of what you have. By contrast, a cashless society is a joyless and cold one. People ____54____ treat everything around when they are drawing on the digital service. Besides, cash is a great leveler(平等物). Every penny, pound and bank note sits the same in every hand, _____55_____ in hand and appearance. A pocketful of change is like a gallery of museums. The roses, ostrich feathers and lions on the coins reveal the history that shaped Untied Kingdom. It is really crazy to give up on cash.41. A. prevented B. attempted C. outnumbered D. launched42. A. economic B. elaborate C. deliberate D. convenient43. A. branches B. situations C. minorities D. horizons44. A. work out B. do away with C. turn down D. make out45. A. identification B. justification C. rebirth D. deaths46. A. digital B. physical C. pocket D. current47. A. fuels B. oils C. pulls D. draws48. A. flight B. pause C. flash D. magic49. A. imposing B. impulsive C. inconsiderate D. gracious50. A. loose B. scarce C. steady D. tense51. A. On the other hand B. By contrast C. On the whole D. Worse still52. A. donated B. devoted C. transferred D. removed53. A. reminder B. simplification C. record D. function54. A. indifferently B. sadly C. cruelly D. accordingly55. A. essential B. feasible C. comparably D. identicalKeys: 41-45CDABD 46-50 BBCBA51-55 DCAADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __ 41__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __42__.The greatest __ 43 __ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __ 44 __ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to __45__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __ 46 __, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __ 47 __. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the __ 48 __ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __ 49 __. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __ 50 __, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is __ 51 __. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __ 52 __ of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplinesis that coaches are often essential for __ 53 __ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __54__ to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __ 55 __, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting: to get the most out of what you’ve got.41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspectiveKeys: 41-45 CBCAD 46-50 ADBCA 51-55 CBDABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ___31___ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ___32___ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy,you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one.Keys: 31-35 DEAHB 36-40 FCIJGSection BDirections：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts(囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition(迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War II. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Keys: 31-35 GJABD 36-40 CEIHFSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The resulting outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled worker.“O bligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to lifestages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave(陪产假) and to value my family just as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a cafe and also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and to whatever makes me happy at the time.”Keys: 31-35 GABIE 36-40 KFJCDSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Aurora(极光):wonders or disturbancesCanada，February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ____31____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32____ with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm.Gentle,yet ____33____, Most of all,it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colors.The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34_____ stream of particles(微粒) from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, thisprocess goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour, It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35____ Satellites’electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ____37____ around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n) ____38____ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a huge solar fame ______39_____ just as Hurricane Fran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response, Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral ___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.Keys: 31-35 JBAED 36-40 KCFGISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.Keys: 31-35 FHIAG 36-40 JKEBCSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.They’re till kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___31___ , even from their Millennial(千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they ___32___ the appearance of a new generation.The ___33___ between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___34___the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___35___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is key. They are ___36___ from their wireless devices, which allow them to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are ___37___ banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___38___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___39___."The growth on the use of technology with children is rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think, we have to give them options because they want their world ___40___.” Rosen says.Keys: 31-35 JEHAG 36-40 KIBFCSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been ___31___ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主)one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against ___32___ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western ___33___ to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the ___34___ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends the weekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is ___35___ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most ___36___ bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are ___37___ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It ___38___ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery ___39___ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen ___40___ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Keys: 31-35 IAHBC 36-40 DFKEGSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin ___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质) ___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used artificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39 ___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient's body.Keys: 31-35 FCEAI 36-40 KJGBDSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Keys: 31-35 IEDCJ 36-40 AGKHFSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was ____31____ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, ____32_____ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems. Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor ____33____ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and ____34____. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he ____35____ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it –and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is ____36_____.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, ____37____ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first ____38____ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to ____39____ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the ____40____ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.Keys: 31-35 ADCBF 36-40 HGJEKSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to ___31___ highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic ___32___ in an attempt to help marketers ___33___ consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they’re in. They infer this from the sort of music you’re listening to, ___34___with where and when you’re listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there’s nothi ng particularly ___35___ about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you’re listening to the songs that ___36___ you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it ___37___ that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in ___38___ exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a ___39___ if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take a dvantage of that. And on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I’ll ___40___ off to treat myself to something expensive.Keys: 31-35 IHFAK 36-40 GDJECSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The ability of the herd mentality(从众心理) to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ____31____ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ____32____ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ____33____ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ____34____ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and cultures than for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ____35____ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ____36____ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ____37____ on a daily basis.Aral recently went on Yelp website to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ____38____, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ____39____ average opinion.“A woman ____40____ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a goo d idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”Keys: 31-35 GFIDC 36-40 ABKEJSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ____31____ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ____32____ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s nece ssary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ____33____ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they bring you clos er to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ____34____ goals.Next, decide how much time you should spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own ____35____.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1. How does this relationship affect me?Every ____36____ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37____ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ____38____ to try something new.2. Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ____39____ you it’s your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ____40____ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.Keys: 31-35 JHEGC 36-40 FIAKBSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and ____32____ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas ____33____ suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren’t only ____34____ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, ____35____ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the ____36____ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and ____37____ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps). Warmer waters also _____38_____ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that ____39_____ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium(碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification(absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood ____40___ would run out by the year 2050.Keys: 31-35 DJCAI 36-40 KBGEHSection BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预) for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be ___31___ early in life, when children’s brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, according to the new research, it’s time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to ___32___ this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.A team led by Professor Frances Fardner ___33___ data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better. Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on ___34___ data from more than 150 different experiments.What’s more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were。
上海2019届高三英语一模语法填空考点分类汇编(含答案)
2019届上海高三英语一模语法填空考点分类汇编名词性从句1.First and foremost,it is in the group discussion and exchange that we students can have athorough idea (26) ______ our peers are reading for the moment, serving as a driving force for our own reading journey. what2.One day, microbial signatures might show (29) ______ people have gone and what they havetouched. They could prove (30) ______ an unmarked device is yours. where; that3.Even worse is the possibility (30) ______ we still have no seafood to enjoy at all. that4.When word gets out (27) ______ Preston will be at a cemetery---he has a Facebook page,Preston Sharp/Vet flags and Flowers---people, like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland, feel obliged to join in, “It’s amazing,” Loveland said. that5.He had already been aware, for example, (26) _______ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker’sown 134,000. that6.(25) ______ is true of skating is also true of life. What7.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was moreimportant than (27) _______ was objectively occurring in their lives. what8.He does not accept the argument (30) _______ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. that9.My one fear is (30) ______ after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruelcritic of our shallow times. that10.Most of the time we drift back to (24) _______ we started. where11.(22) ______ would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness butwith little or none of the caffeine has been found. What12.Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea (23) ______ they’re payingfor Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth. what13.It means doing the right thing despite the fact (28) ______ you are afraid. that14.Then the Nazis decide to "relocate" the country's Jewish population. The Danes don't know(22) ______their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where theyare going, either. why定语从句1.It’s needless to say that the last sharing section which is the most meaningful is donation, during(24) ______ time everyone present, teachers or students, is expected to donate one or morebooks to the library. which2.…in salmons(鲑鱼) (27) ______ eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures.whose3.It is a movement of young and old, of those who served and those who are so grateful for whatthey did, all led by a proud grandson (30) ______ saw an injustice and decided to do something about it. who4.Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man (22) _______ pride over his appearance wasbut one aspect of his self-centeredness. whose5.James Dyson worked through 5,126 failed prototypes(原型) for his dual cyclone vacuum beforecoming up with the design (26)______ made his fortune. that/which6.Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower,(26) _______ decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. which7.When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that something is terribly wrong,especially in the current economic climate (23)_______ unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. where8.Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29)_______ provides assistance to bicycle-relatedworkers in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. which9.However depressed you may be feeling now, if you look back, there certainly will have beenevents that made you happy—maybe the time (21) _______ you bought your first bicycle or you were awarded a scholarship. when10.Roy Thomas, (27) _____ succeeded Lee as editor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two daysbefore his death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story. who11.(25) ______ they report in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, not only is the teaplant naturally caffeine-free but it also contains a number of unique medicinal compounds that, the locals believe, offer considerable health benefits. As12.Its original business model, (26) ______ involved selling ads and putting them at the side of thepage, totally failed. which13.Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) ______ has made her socelebrated. that/which状语从句1.(24) ______ in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad.Although/Though/While2.And how about that satisfying “crack” which you get when you are eating crabs and lobsters?It could be silenced (29)______ shellfish have been struggling to build their calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification. because3.So April told him “son, (22) ______ you are going to complain about something, you have todo something about it or let it go” if/when4.He does it every week (25) ______ the weather is like, rain or shine---especially rain. whatever5.But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed (21)______ they first learnhow to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. if/when/after6.According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitalsalone due to preventable error. (30) ______ healthcare learns to respond positively to failure, things will not improve. Unless7.In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to yourface (25) _______ _______ you age more quickly. so that8.That means you will somehow look suspicious (24) _______ you say about the leave. whatever9.(22) ______ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them.Although/Though/While10.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27) _______ theirjob also depends on tips. because11.(28) ______ this is only Stein’s first book, I would already consider him as someone like DavidSedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln.Although/Though/While12.Psychologists call this phenomenon hedonic adaptation (享乐适应症)—that is, (23) _____________ _______ good something makes us feel, most of the time we drift back to where we started. No matter how13.For example, you will feel happier about your volunteer work (28) _______ you are able tocope with new tasks every week. if/when14.From a simple upbringing in Manhattan, young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs(24) _____ he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company — TimelyComics. until15.(29) _____ _____ _____ he had the energy for it and didn’t have to travel, Stan was always upto do something more.” As long as16.Tea contains caffeine which, (21) ______ it improves mental alertness, can also cause anxiety,insomnia and other problems. Although/Though/While17.It has been 44 years (26) ______an emperor penguin was last spotted in the wild in New Zealand.sincest year, the company changed its privacy rules (24)______ ______ many things -- your city,your photo, your friends’ names -- were set, by default (默认), to be shared with everyone on the Internet. so that非谓语1.As far as I’m concerned, the theme of the festival can be “sharing”,primarily (22) ______(consist) of three parts. consisting2.As for when (25) ______ (hold) the activity, the afternoon may be an ideal choice so that itwon’t interrupt our classes. to hold3.The phone’s owner reported the theft before (22) ______(die)from the disease. dying4.With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoingwarming of their own, (26) _______ (cause) a decline in fish population. causing5.Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness inhumans whenever (28) ______ (take) with raw seafood, like oysters. taken6.Next thing April knew, Preston was taking on odd jobs and asking for donations (23) ______(buy) flags and flowers for every veteran in his grandpa’s cemetery. to buy7.They were out there in the rain doing their job, (26) ______ (protect) us,” Preston said, Hisdevotion is infections. protecting8.People, like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland, feel (28) ______(oblige) to join in. obliged9.Union soldiers were starving, (24) _______ (exhaust), and demoralized. exhausted10.They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker became convinced that Lee’s onlyoption was to retreat to Richmond, thus (28) _______ (assure) a Union victory. assuring11.Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but (30) _______ (retreat), Hooker began toignore reality. to retreat12.(22) _______ (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. To stretch13.They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, (23) ______ (remain) withintheir comfort zone. remaining14.Never (24) ______ (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress. failing15.There’s no point (22) _______ (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something backthat’s even better, and quickly. abandoning16.Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused somany neurons(神经细胞) (24)_______ (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains! to grow17.(28) _______ (give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale howstressed they felt each day. Given18.I can get a new job with more pay, but will (21) _______ (leave) within a year hurt myprofessional reputation? leaving19.Focus on your desire (28) ________ (develop) professionally. to developst year, the city announced severe measures (24) _______ (mean) to hold e-bike riders andrestaurants that employ the riders responsible. meant21.Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26) _______ (earn) enough moneyto live on. to earn22.He says (28) _______ (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costlydelays for workers. being caught23.Haven’t we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires withfirefighters, (25) ______ (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp? I know I have. driving24.The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets (27) ______(turn) into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other. turned25.An often (25) ________ (quote) example is that lottery winners are no happier than non-winnerseighteen months after their win. quoted26.Human beings spend a lot of time figuring out what makes them happy, but not enough time(30) ______ (try) to hang on to the happiness they already have. trying27.Stan Lee loved the (23) _____ (write) word from an early age, and wanted to craft stories likethose in his favorite books and films, which he consumed greedily. written28.Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee. He introduced the famous “Stan’s Soapbox” to speakdirectly to his readers, (25) _____ (reach) a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day.reaching29.As long as he had the energy for it and didn’t have to travel, Stan was always up (30) _____(do) something more. to do30.Liang Chen and Ji-Qiang Jin of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy ofAgricultural Sciences have discovered just such a plant (24) ______ (grow) wild in a remote area in Fujian province, southern China. growing31.(26) _______ (know) locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between700 and 1,000 metres above sea level around a handful of Chinese villages. Known32.It can take time – and sometimes it does not work – for new plant varieties (29) ______ (breed)for commercial use. to be bred33.The wayward emperor penguin (21) ______ (know) as “Happy Feet” was back home inAntarctic waters after a temporary stay in New Zealand. known34.(22) ______(speak) from a satellite phone, Wellington Zoo veterinarian Lisa Argilla said HappyFeet’s release went remarkably smoothly. Speaking35.Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send(22) ______ (target) messages. targeted36.I suspect that whatever Facebook has done to invade our privacy is only the beginning, whichis why I’m considering (29) _______ (cancel) my account. cancelling37.Number the Starsis a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of the Jewish (24)______(rescue)during the war. rescued38.And is she brave enough (26) ______ (make) that sacrifice? to make39.But it is also interesting, and the characters are (29) ______ (engage). engaging谓语动词1.Firstly, the festival can start with a 30-minute discussion where groups of students can exchangeand share what they (23) ______ (expose) to recently, expressing themselves freely. have been exposed2.Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally (23) ______(confess) to the crime.confessed3.In an early study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbialfingerprints to identify the person who (28) ______(use) a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature. had used4.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to global warming (22) ______(continue) to affect weather, we often that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. continues5.According to organizations like Australia’s Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas (25) ______ (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue. are estimated6.It is the first time I (21) ______ (see) him like this angry and passionate. have seen7.And when that cemetery (24)_____ (cover), he moved on to another，and then another. wascovered8.Despite the fact that the Confederacy (23) ________ (win) the last four major battles and theUnion soldiers were starving, exhausted, and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My plans are perfect. had won9.Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive (29) _______ (dismiss)as cowards. were dismissed10.The direct consequence is that the same mistakes (29) ______ (repeat). are repeated11.In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) _______ (learn) that real keys arepleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not. have learn12.That means you will somehow look suspicious whatever you say about the leave. Saying thework is great but you don't like management or the pay won't go over well with employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy. No doubt, they (25) _______ (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team player. question/will question13.However, it (29) _______ (make) clear to me that there Is no room for me to grow my skills asa professional. is made/has been made14.I (29) _______ (recommend) Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also tostrangers on Twitter over and over again. have recommended15.Positive changes that (27) ________ (experience) in a variety of ways are more likely to leadto lasting happiness. are experienced16.Now the researchers (28) ______ (explore) methods to protect Hongyacha in its natural habitatwhile further studies are carried out. are exploring17.A pair of naturally caffeine-free coffee plants were discovered in 2003, but little progress (30)______ (report). Tea enthusiasts will be watching Hongyacha with interest. has been reported 18.He resurfaced about 6 feet from the boat, (24) ______(take) a look up at the people aboard, andthen disappeared beneath the surface. took19.Now that Happy Feet (30) ______(nurse) back to health, his chances are as good as they are forany other penguin in the wild. has been nursed20.So far the privacy issue (27) ______ (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. has landed21.Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. Thereare soldiers on the streets, and the country (21) ______(accept)by the Nazis. is accepted情态动词1.On hearing the news that a Reading Festival is to be held on campus on the World Book andCopyright Day and the possible project is open to be recommended, I (21) ______ hardly wait to write to you, sharing my humble opinions. can2.My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, (25) _______ God have mercy onBobby Lee, for I shall have none. may3.Employers dislike people who are unhappy in a job after less than a year. It implies impatienceand lack of appreciation for the employer. Plus, you're getting paid to do work you actually like, so they (26) _______ assume that you can’t put up with a little disorganization. may/might4.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25) _______ alsoseize the bikes. can5. A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world, Stan had the power to inspire,to entertain, and to connect. Nothing but his heart (22) _____ exceed the scale of his imagination.could介词1.First and foremost,it is in the group discussion and exchange that we students can have athorough idea what our peers are reading for the moment, serving as a driving force for our own reading journey.So it is (27) ______ the books recommended. with2.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, (26) ______countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. from3.Whether or not you try to limit yourself (24) ______ one cup of coffee a day, the effects ofclimate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. to4.Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles upand across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves (27) ________ Lee’s army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind.They were trapped. behind5.The consequence is that (28) _____ _____ learning from failure, healthcare often covers upfailure. instead of6.And speaking of pay, most companies work (27) _______ an annual review basis, so suddenlyasking for more money doesn't work for their budgets. on7.Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason (23)_______ the ban. for8.Variety is, as we all know, the spice of life. But it’s also a useful weapon (26) _______adaptation. against9.With a heavy heart, we share our deepest condolences (哀悼) (21) _____ his daughter andbrother, and we honor and remember the creator, voice and champion of Marvel. with10.Known locally as Hongyacha, the newly discovered plant grows only between 700 and 1,000metres (27) ______ sea level around a handful of Chinese villages. above11.(28) ______the world watching, authorities finally took action, moving the penguin to theWellington Zoo four days after he was discovered. With12.People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, (21)______realizing that they're paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. without代词1.And (30) ______ is my sincere hope that the festival can be a great success and we can gain alot from it. It2.It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are differentfrom (25) ______ of your friends and family. those3.Some foods have already felt the impact while (23) ______ may even become scarce within thenext 30 years. others4.What he’s doing brings (29) ______ out because we can’t believe a young man in this countryis doing what he does. us5.As Dyson put (27) _______: “You can’t develop new technology unless you test new ideas andlearn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.” it6.The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damagedtelomeres(染色体端粒) compared with (29)_______ who felt more relaxed. those7.When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the message that (22) _______ is terriblywrong, especially in the current economic climate where unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. something8.The only parts I didn’t fully enjoy were (26) ______ in which the author suffered horribly. those9.Roy Thomas, who succeeded Lee as editor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two days before(28) _____ death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story. his10.What would be agreeable is that a tea plant that provides all the taste and goodness but withlittle or (23) ______ of the caffeine has been found. none11.Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that (30) _______ information is in the handsof people I don’t trust. my冠词1.Haven’t we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in (22) ______ 1970s with onlyfemale friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? the倒装1.(28) ______ ______ can we share beyond our class or even beyond our school, developing agood campus tradition, but more importantly, these books which are sure to be dusted on ourshelves can now be of more value. Not only强调1.It was at the zoo (29) ______the bird was given a home in a room filled with a bed of ice so hewouldn’t overheat. that并列连词1.Argilla said crew members from the boat carried the penguin inside his box to the rear part ofthe ship for his final send-off. (23) ______when they opened the door of the box, the penguin showed no interest in leaving. But。
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)
III. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI’ve become increasingly concerned about the linguistic sloppiness of the average worker, and not those who have learned English as a second language but native English speakers, regardless of income level, schooling or other determining factors.The number of people who read seems to be decreasing. The digital world has become the preferred baby sitter for children and the most effective way for adults to comfort themselves after a day’s work. Teachers, overworked and underpaid, seem to be fighting a losing battle – or are some prolonging it?These days I see glaring grammatical errors on résumés and cover letters, websites, signs, emails regardless of management skills or income level. Job hunters write asking me for “advise”. People who are in the job market, hoping to be invited in for an interview, write some of these, and the paperwork is full of punctuation and grammatical mistakes. Were they careless? Or do they not know? Maybe it doesn’t matter. Maybe the hiring authority doesn’t know the difference either.The other day I saw the back of a company shirt that said: “providing quality service since 10 years.” A company shirt? How many were printed and are worn by employees who walk around advertising that their company has someone in an upper-level management position who didn’t catch the error or, worse yet, didn’t know the difference?Last week a senior level manager emailed me. He confused “its” and “it’s” in three different places. Here’s another example: I do product testing for a research panel. The product came with a slip of paper that said: “This commitment covers not discussing this product or it’s usage with others outside your home.”Here’s what really bugs me: a rule that seems to have come into effect – if in doubt, add an apostrophe. So what has happened is that people all over America have lost the understanding of the difference between plural and possessive.Your résumés and your cover letter are not just a summary of your background. They are not just an introduction of you when you hope to be considered for an interview. First and foremost, it is a brochure, and it is selling a product, and the product is you. If you wouldn’t go to an interview in blue jeans, don’t send your cover letter and résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.Don’t rely on Microsoft Word’s ABC/grammar checker. It isn’t able to detect if a word is spelled correctly but used out of context. The grammar checker won’t help you unless you have a fundamental understanding of grammar to begin with. In fact, if you defer to the grammar checker’s advice, you’ll probably increase your number of mistakes.An excellent reference book to keep on hand is The Elements of Grammar by Margaret Shertzer. In “Words Often Confused”, it clarifies the differences between pairs of words such as “well/good” and “less/fewer”.Don’t tell yourself it doesn’t matter. Above all, don’t tell yourself that everyone speaks poorly these days, and the hiring authority won’t know or care. The ability to communicate, written and spoken, is of utmost importance – certainly in business. And it only becomes more valuable as fewer people are able to demonstrate it.56.The examples cited in paragraphs 4 and 5 are intended to illustrate ______.A. the employees are proud of their companyB. to err is humanC. holding senior positions doesn’t guarantee correct usage of languageD. managers are so busy as to be careless with their language57.According to the author, when American people are not sure whether to use “it’s” or “its”, they are likely to ______.A. use the formerB. use the latterC. ask the author for adviceD. turn to Microsoft Word58.The underlined word “defer” can be best replaced by ______.A. consultB. followC. objectD. yield59.Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?A. Going to a job interview in smart jeans is better than sending résumés with mistakes to a prospective employer.B. Microsoft Word’s spelling checker cannot always spot a mistake because it has a limitedvocabulary.C. Some teachers are themselves using language incorrectly.D. The hiring authorities care about linguistic correctness and act as role models.Keys: 56-59 CADCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.The summer I turned 16, my father gave me his ‘69 Chevy Malibu convertible(敞篷车)’. Beautifully repainted with V-8 engine—it was a gift wasted on me at that age. What did I know about classic cars? The important thing was that Hannah and I could drive around Tucson with the top down.Hannah was my best friend, a year younger but much taller, almost five foot ten. “Hannah’s going to be something,” my mother always said. And sure enough, that summer she signed with a modeling agency. She was already doing catalog and runway work.A month after my birthday, Hannah and I went to the movies. On the way home, we stopped at the McDonald’s drive-through, putting the fries on the seat between us to share.“Let’s ride around awhile,” I said. It was a clear night, oven-warm, full moon cast low over the desert. Taking a curve too fast, I hit a patch of dirt and slid from side to side. I then cut through a neighbor’s landscape wall and drove into a full-grown palm. The front wheels came to rest halfway up the tree trunk.French fries on the floor, the dash, and my lap. An impossible amount of blood on Hannah’s face, pieces of skin hanging into her eyes. They took us in separate ambulances. In the emergency room, my parents spoke quietly: Best plastic surgeon in the city. End of her modeling career.We’d been wearing lap belts, but the car didn’t have shoulder bands. I’d damaged my cheekbone on the wheel; Hannah’s forehead had split wide open on the dash. What would I say to her?When her mother, Sharon, came into my hospital room, I started to cry, bracing myself for her anger. She sat beside me and took my hand. “I hit my best friend’s car in the rear when I was your age,” she said. “I wrecked her car and mine.”“I’m so sorry,” I said.“You’re both alive,” she said. “The rest is window dressing.” I started to protest, and Sharon stopped me. “I forgive you. Hannah will too.”Sharon’s forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer, to stay friends throughout high school and college, to be in each other’s weddings, and to watch my four teenagers fawn over her three younger children. I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I’m tempted to blame someone for something recognized as wrong. And whenever I see Hannah. The scars are so faded that no one else would notice, but in the sunlight I can still see the faint shimmer(微光) just below her hairline—for me, an sign of grace.56. Which of the following about Hannah is TRUE according to the passage?A. She was not as badly injured as the author.B. She never really forgave me though her mother did.C. She learned the gift of forgiveness through the accident.D. She could have been a model if she hadn’t experienced the accident.57. In paragraph 4, “window dressing” is closest in meaning to “_______”.A. insignificantB. colorfulC. undeterminedD. hopeful58. According to the passage, Sharon comforted the author by _______.A. showing her own scarB. mentioning her own storyC. visiting the author in personD. teaching the author a personal lesson59. Which of the following might be the best title of the article?A. A Graceful FriendB. A Lasting FriendshipC. A Lucky Car AccidentD. The Gift of ForgivenessKeys: 56-59 DABDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AMeasles (麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine (疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out (决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption（豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.56. The first two paragraphs suggest that __________.A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD. information about measles spreads quickly57. Herd immunity works well when __________.A. exemptions are allowedB. several vaccines are used togetherC. the whole neighborhood is involved inD. new regulations are added to the state laws58. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A. The overuse of vaccine.B. The lack of medical care.C. The features of measles itself.D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.59. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the idea of exemption.B. To discuss methods to cure measles.C. To stress the importance of vaccination.D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.Keys: 56-59 ACDCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sandra Boynton, a children’s author, has in more recent years branched out into kids music. Her most recent album Hog Wild!, for example, features Samuel L. Jackson as a Tyrannosaurus Rex. She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids' imaginations and how to make scary things less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating children’s books, have you noticed anything that really sparks a child’s imagination?I think maybe there’s no basic difference between what fascinates a child and what fascinates the rest of us. We’re all drawn to things that wake us up, things that grab our attention through our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch. We’re curious about the world as it is, and we’re curious about what could be. Imagination follows curiosity pretty naturally.It doesn’t feel to me like it’s been a long time that I’ve been drawing and writing things. It doesn’t feel like a short time, either. It just feels like what I do. I make things. I’m a permanent Kindergartner, I guess.You often take a threatening figure like a Tyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and make him cute. Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually, I think kids kind of like being afraid of things, as long as someone calm is right there with reassurance. Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from writing kids’ books?Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard. It’s adulthood that’s still perplexing.I would guess that most children’s book writers are that way. I’m really writing books and making music for my own child-self. But I’m certainly delighted and grateful that my books work for people other than just me. It keeps me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devices rather than with books, but you seem to have embraced it. Why?When the interactive book app universe was new, I was, as a creator of things, curious. My background is theater, and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to create content that’s both theater-like and book-like. I found a superb partner in this, the insanely ingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver. We worked intensively together for a couple of years and made five very cool apps. I’m proud of them. But now, having too often seen very young kids sitting idly, staring at screens, I have my doubts.81. What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?A. It fascinates both adults and children.B. It can be waken up by attention to senses.C. It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.D. It lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.82. When writing children’s books, Sandra ______.A. finds herself confused about remembering childhoodB. agrees with other book writers that writing is hardC. puts herself in a child’s place and thinks like a childD. is delighted that she doesn’t need to find another job83. Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they were ______.A. new ways to increase interactions between usersB. interactive by combining theatre and bookC. beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-likeD. created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend84. We can conclude from the interview that ______.A. Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cuteB. kids are always calm instead of being afraid of thingsC. digital devices have been embraced by most of the authorsD. there were no interactive book apps before Sandra’s appsKeys: 81-84CCBAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The days of the hunter are almost over in India. This is partly because there is practically nothing left to kill, and partly because some steps have been taken, mainly by banning tiger-shooting, to protect those animals which still survive.Some people say that Man is naturally a hunter. I disagree with this view. Surely our earliestforefathers, who at first possessed no weapons, spent their time digging for roots, and were no doubt themselves often hunted by meat-eating animals.I believe the main reason why the modern hunter kills is that he thinks people will admire his courage in overpowering dangerous animals. Of course, there are some who truly believe that the killing is not really the important thing, and that the chief pleasure lies in the joy of the hunt and the beauties of the wild countryside. There are also those for whom hunting in fact offers a chance to prove themselves and risk death by design; these men go out after dangerous animals like tigers, even if they say they only do it to rid the countryside of a threat. I can respect reasons like these, but they are clearly different from the need to strengthen your high opinion of yourself.The greatest big-game hunters expressed in their writings something of these finer motives. One of them wrote, “You must properly respect what you are after and shoot it cleanly and on the animal’s own territory. You must fix forever in your mind all the wonders of that particular day. This is better than letting him grow a few years older to be attacked and wounded by his own son and eventually eaten, half alive, by other animals, Hunting is not a cruel and senseless killing – not if you respect the thing you kill, not if you kill to enrich your memories, not if you kill to feed your people. ”I can understand such beliefs, and can compare these hunters with those who hunted lions with spears and bravely caught them by the tail. But this is very different from many tiger-shoots I have seen, in which modern weapons were used. The so-called hunters fired from tall trees or from the backs of trained elephants. Such methods made tigers seem no more dangerous than rabbits.56. There is no more hunting in India now partly because __________.A. it is dangerous to hunt thereB. hunting is already out of dateC. hunters want to protect animalsD. there are few animals left to hunt57. The author thinks modern hunters kill mainly __________.A. to make the countryside safeB. to earn people’s admirationC. to gain power and influenceD. to improve their health58. What do we learn about the big-game hunters?A. They hunt old animals.B. They mistreat animals.C. They hunt for food.D. They hunt for money.59. What is the author’s view on the tiger-shoots he has seen?A. Modern hunters lack the courage to hunt face-to-face.B. Modern hunters should use more advanced weapons.C. Modern hunters like to hunt rabbits instead of tigers.D. Modern hunters should put their safety first.Keys: 56-59DBCAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Over the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and enco unters with “nonhuman creatures” such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca “lines” of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These lines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate(精美的) pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet —meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials(外星人) as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not takelong to scoff at and abandon von Daniken’s theory. Over the years severa l other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America’s past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms. Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the right direction.56. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.57. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the _______ the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC. clearerD. brighter58. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because of ______.A. the participation of scientistsB. the emergence of the InternetC. the birth of new theoriesD. the interest in the Internet59. The author is _______ about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC. uncertainD. optimisticKeys: 56-59 ACBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A traffic jam when you’re already late.A free ride when you’ve already paid.The fact that the King James Bible is the most spotlighted book in the United States.One of these three things is an example of irony-the reversal of what is expected or intended. The other two are not. The difference between them may be one of the most curious linguistic(语言学的)misunderstanding you’re likely to encounter. “Ironic” does not, technically, mean “unfortunate”, “interesting” or “coincidental” despite these terms often being used interchangeably. And that frequent misuse has not escaped linguists(语言学家); according to the editors “We estimate that ironic might be the most abused word in the English language.”So what does irony really mean and where does the confusion come from? Part of the ambiguity probably originates from the fact that there are no fewer than three definitions of irony depending on which dictionary you use. There’s Socratic irony (an ancient dialogue move) , and dramatic irony(an ancient theatrical move), but the definition of irony we care about is situational irony. Situational irony occurs when, as the Oxford English Dictionary defines it, “a state of affairs or an event... seems deliberately contrary to what one expects and is often slightly amusing as a result.”The trick, is the deliberately contrary part-for a situation to be ironic, it must be the opposite of what is expected, not merely an amusing coincidence. A traffic jam when you’re already late may be an undesirable coincidence, but it is not the opposite outcome one would expect when leaving for work late. Instead, College Humor writer Patrick Cassels corrects the situation like this: “A traffic jam when you’re already late to receive an award from the Municipal Planning Board for changing the city’s automobile congestion by 80 percent.” Now that’s irony.56.The common misunderstanding of the word “ironic” is that_______.A. It describes something unlucky, amusing or coincidentalB. It shows something that is opposite to what is expected or intendedC. It means unfortunate, interesting and coincidental at the same timeD. It is not the abused word in the English language57. The underlined word “ambiguity” means_________.A. distinctionB. understandingC. uncertaintyD. issue58.Which following situation can be described as “ironic” according to the above passage?A. John was supposed to enjoy a free ride but actually he had paid for it before.B. Alexander Bell invented the telephone, but refused to keep one in his study for fear of distractionC.You had planned a perfect wedding and invited all the important people, when it started to rain.D. McDonalds’ employee warned against eating Kentucky Chicken burgers and fries.59. What will be the best title for the passage?A. An Unexpected Traffic JamB. The Most Misused Word in EnglishC. Why Is the Word Irony MisusedD. Curious Linguists Settled Another MisunderstandingKeys: 56-59 ACBBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Everyone gathered around and Paddy read out loud, slowly, his tone growing sadder and sadder. The little headline said: BOXER RECEIVES LIFF SENTENCE.Frank Cleary, aged 26, professional boxer, was today found guilty of the murder of Albert Gumming, aged 32, laborer, last July. The jury(陪审团) reached its decision after only ten minutes, recommending the most severe punishment to the court. It was, said the Judge, a simple case. Cumming and Cleary had quarreled violently at the Harbour Hotel on July 23rd and police saw Cleary kicking at the head of the unconscious Gumming. When arrested, Cleary was drunk but clear-thinking.Cleary was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour. Asked if he had anything to say, Clear y answered, “Just don’t tell my mother.”“It happened over three years ago,” Paddy said helplessly. No one answered him or moved, for no one knew what to do. “Just don’t tell my mother,” said Fee numbly(麻木地). “And no one did! Oh, God! My poor, poor Frank!”Paddy wiped the tears from his face and said. “Fee, pack your things. We’ll go to see him.”She half-rose before sinking back, her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead. “I can’t go,” she said without a hint of pain, yet making everyone feel that the pain was there. “It would kill him to see me. I know him so well—his pride, his ambition. Let him bear the shame alone, it’s what he wants. We’ve got to help him keep his secret. What good will it do him to see us?”Paddy was still weeping, not for Fr ank, but for the life which had gone from Fee’s face, for the dying in her eyes. Frank had always brought bitterness and misfortune, always stood between Fee and himself. He was the cause of her withdrawal from his heart and the hearts of his children. Eve ry time it looked as if there might be happiness for Fee, Frank took it away. But Paddy’s love for her was as deep and impossible to wipe out as hers was for Frank.So he said, “Well, Fee, we won’t go. But we must make sure he is taken care of. How about i f I write to Father Jones and ask him to look out for Frank?”There was no excitement in the eyes, but a faint pink stole into her cheeks. “Yes, Paddy, do that. Only make sure he knows not to tell Frank we found out. Perhaps it would ease Frank to think fo r certain that we don’t know.”56.Paddy cried because he thought ___________.A. Frank did kill someone and deserved the punishmentB. Frank should have told Fee what had happenedC. what had happened to Frank was killing FeeD. Frank had always been a man of bad moral character57.The underlined sentence “She half-rose before sinking back…” in Paragraph 6 shows that___________.A. Fee was so heart-broken that she could hardly stand upB. Fee didn’t want to upset Paddy by visiting FrankC. Fee couldn’t l eave her family to go to see Frank。
精品解析_2019届上海市各高中名校高中三年级英语题型分类专题汇编_语法填空(解析版)
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编语法填空II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star _____1_____ she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June.According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she_____2_____ (receive) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal_____3_____ the authorities her true remuneration (薪酬) and avoid millions of dollars in taxes.Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million.Because she was _____4_____ first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation _____5_____ she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but _____6_____ didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.In a letter _____7_____ (post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government."As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, _____8_____ led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests.""Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there _____9_____ have been no Fan Bingbing," she added.Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of Taxation saying it had launched a campaign _____10_____ (recover) all back taxes in the entertainment industry.【答案】1. since/after2. had received3. from4. a5. that6. it7. posted 8. which9. would/could10. to recover【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。
2017届-2019届上海市上海中学高三英语试卷题型分类汇编--语法填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The once ungentlemanly sneaker has undergone a fashion baptism(洗礼). The distinction between dress and athletic shoes is on the brink of collapse for fashion-forward men, as the humble gym shoe has outgrown its streetwear origins (25) _______ (become) a fashion accessory.A large percentage of men have made a determined effort to make sneakers their primary footwear or even their only footwear choice.“At some point in the last two years, all the guys (26) ______(wear) sneakers,” said Brad Bennett, who runs a men’s style blog. “It was almost as though some order had been handed down by the fashion elite(精英).”The rise of “sneakerdom” is perhaps (27) _____ (obvious) in modern offices. This is particularly true in creative and Web-based industries, (28) _______sneakers have become part of a man’s uniform. With their historic ties to teen culture, sneakers represent youth. In the workplace, they are a statement that says, “ I’m the new breed. I’m ready for revolution.”As with most trends, the triumph of the fashion sneaker cannot easily (29)______ (trace) to a single source. Some style watches point to Europe, where over the last decade fashionable men adopted sneaker culture and made it their own, pairing rubber-soled shoes (30)_______ jackets and casual trousers for a sporty twist on cafe society elegance. Meanwhile, designers who came of age in the era sneakerhead culture(球鞋文化) were rising to positions of power in the fashion industry and pushing the athletic shoe to new heights. The trend just accelerated in 2012, (31)______ Nike introduced its Flyknit sneakers, which were embraced by the fashion crowd for their 23rd-centrury design.Now, almost every design label has its statement sneakers. “It’s explosive, to put it in one word,” said Will Welch, a style editor of GQ《智族GQ》，一本聚集男士穿衣打扮的月刊). “(32)_______ started as a trickle of so-called “fashion sneakers” has turned into a torrent.”“Men grow up wearing sneakers. It’s what we know,” Welch continued, (33)______ (offer)his understanding of the fashion trend, “I still remember me and my friends caring (34)______ who had what sneakers when we were ten. That relationship to sneakers has stuck.”“Women have that relationship to purses. Sneakers are just men’s purses.Keys: 25.to become 26. were wearing 27. the most obvious 28. where 29. be traced30. with 31. when 32. what 33. offering 34. aboutII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.For years and years people in USA (21) ________(say)that the railways are dead. “We can do without railways.” People say…as if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary. We all keep (22) ______(hear) that trains are slow, that they lose money, and that they’re dying .But this is far from the truth: in these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes. If you are intending (23) ________(carry) people or goods from place to place, they are (24) _________(cheap)than planes. And they have much in common with planes. A plane goes in a straight line and (25)_________ does a railway. What is more, it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another. It doesn’t leave you up (26)____ a plane does, miles and miles from the city center. It doesn’t hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train carry goods (27) _______no plane or a motorcar could ever do.Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive. Modern railway lines give you a smooth, less (28)_______(trouble) journey. Where else (29) ______you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning, for we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains traveling (30) _______150 miles an hour and more. Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we can’t use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can’t flyfor the same reason.Keys: 21. have been saying 22. hearing 23. to carry 24. cheaper 25. so26. as 27. which 28. troubled 29. can 30. atII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Vegetarians are people who don’t eat any animals. In the past, vegetarians was uncommon, but recently more and more people are choosing a vegetarian diet. In the USA alone there are about 13 million people ____25____ (call) themselves vegetarians and that number is expected to reach 25 million by the year 2015. There are many reasons why people think it makes sense not ____26____ (eat) animals. They can be related to religion, health, ethical or ecological concerns.People with a religious background avoid eating meat. Buddhists believe that human beings ____27____ not kill animals. Muslims and Jews don’t have pork. Some people are becoming worried about the safety of eating meat because of the way it is farmed. Certain chemicals are used to make animals grow fast and many animals are fed food ____28____ is not part of their natural diet.Another reason for choosing to give up meat is ____29____ they consider farming animals for food is wrong and that animals have rights to live on as man does.The last major reason is ecological. Raising animals wastes natural resources ____30____ (fast) than growing crops. Much rainforest has been cleared to make farmland to raise animals for food.Human beings have always eaten meat, ____31____ there is a growing movement towards vegetarianism. ____32____ the reason you have for not eating meat, vegetarianism can makemuch sense.(B)Type the words “Spring (Fruit Trees in Bloom)” into an online search engine and in less than a second you will be looking at a sparkling vista of trees erupting in a starburst of pale blossom like an ____33____ (explode) firework. The phrase is the title of an Impressionist oil painting by the French master Claude Monet that belongs to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. According to the museum’s website, the painting ____34____ (complete) in 1873 in Argenteuil, France. Signed and dated “73 Claude Monet” in the lower left corner, it ____35____ (measure) almost 1m wide and 62cm high. In 1903, ____36____ it was known as Apple Blossoms, it was bought for $2,100 by the New York art dealership Knoedler & Co. The Met acquired it in 1926.Information like this is typical of the insights that museums commonly provide about artworks in their collections. Dates, dimensions, provenance: these are the bread and butter of scholarship and art history.But by offering details about pictures ____37____ this manner, are museums fundamentally missing the point of ____38____ art is all about? One man who believes ____39____ are is the British philosopher Alain de Botton. “Spring (Fruit Trees in Bloom)” is exactly the sort of picture ____40____________ de Botton is referring: peaceful, untroubled, and reminding people of a simple pleasure of life. Yet, the Metropolitan avoids tackling any of this. Reading the online label, you would never guess that Monet had the power to summon pleasurable and soothing emotions such as these.Keys: 25. calling 26. to eat 27. should/must 28. that/which 29. that 30. faster 31. but 32. Whatever 33. exploding 34. was completed 35. measures 36. when 37. in 38. what 39. they 40. to whichII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofThere seems never (21)______ (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys (22)________ (play) with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies (23)________ social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls (24)_________ (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.(25)_________ is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly (26)_________ craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present (27)_______ is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life (28)________ toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys (29)________ be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to (30)_________ used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.Keys: 21. to have been 22. played 23. where 24. are [being] prepared 25. What26.in 27.that 28.because 29.can 30.oneII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofA great deal of attention (21)_________ (pay) today to the so-called digital divide--the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor at present. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was (22)_______ (visible) then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. (23)______ the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet (24)_______(net) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow (25)______ ______widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet (26)______well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.(27)_________(take)advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries(28)________ still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built (29)________industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is (30)_______ America's Second Wave infrastructure- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.Keys: 21.is being paid 22.less visible 23.As 24.will be netted 25.rather than26.may 27.To take 28. that 29.its 30.whyII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofThere are many superstitions in Britain, but one of (21)______(widely) held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder, even if it means (22)______(step) off the pavement into a busy street. If you (23)______ pass under a ladder you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed (24)______ you have seen a dog. Alternatively, you may lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and then wait for it to dry.Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house -- it will(25)______ bring misfortune to the person who opened it or to the whole household. Moreover,(26)______ opening an umbrella in fine weather is unpopular as it inevitably brings rain!The number 13 is said to be unlucky for some, and when the 13th day of the month falls (27)______ a Friday, whoever wishes to avoid a bad event had better stay indoors. The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror, as it brings seven years of bad luck! The superstition is supposed to (28)______(originate) in ancient times, when mirrors were considered to be tools of the gods.Black cats are generally considered lucky in Britain, (29)______ ______ they are often associated witchcraft (巫术). It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses your path -- although in America the exact opposite belief prevails.Finally, a commonly held superstition is (30)______ of touching wood for luck. This measure is most often taken if you think you have said something that is tempting fate, such as “my car has never broken down, touch wood?”Keys: 21. the most widely 22. stepping 23. must 24. until 25. either26. anyone 27. on 28. have originated 29. even though/even if 30. thatII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ASection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Today the Statue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It (21)______ (tower) above of the harbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Many thousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspect that getting the statue (22)______(build) was a long slow struggle. More than a century ago, it (23)______ (be) the celebration of freedom and the commemoration of the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor Auguste Bartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue and promoting the idea of building it. However, money was so big a problem (24)______ was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end.Donations for the building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875. Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets that would be used to fashion the skin of the statue. Various donations were helpful, (25)______the cost of the statue kept riding. (26)______ (face) with a shortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants in Paris donated prizes, and tickets were sold. The lottery was a success, but more money was still needed. The sculptor Bartholdi eventually sold miniature versions of the statue, (27)______ the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money had been raised to complete the building of the statue.While the French had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in 1880, by late 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 to promote the idea of the statue. Despite Bartholdi’s efforts, the idea of the statue was difficult (28)______ (sell). Some newspapers, most notably the New York Times, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehemently opposed (29)______ (spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer, who had purchased a New York City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statue’s pedestal. He mounted an energetic fund drive, promising to print the name of each donor, (30)______ small the donation, Pulitzer’s audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the country began donating whatever they could.In August 1885, that final $100,000 for the statue; the pedestal had been raised. Construction work on the stone structure continued, and the next year the Statue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erected on top.Keys: 21. towers 22. built 23. were 24. as 25. but26. faced 27. with 28. to sell 29. spending 30. howeverSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s rare that the protagonist(主人公) in a Chinese movie wins the audience’s hearts with an emotionally uplifting message, rather than by showing off his or her good looks. But Wolf Warrior II is putting China in the global spotlight. It’s also the first film (21)______(taste) success both in terms of box office earnings and promoting Chinese values.Kung fu artist Wu Jing both starred in and directed the action movie. Since its release on July 27, it (22)______(earn) an unimaginable 4.5 billion yuan, setting a record for domestic movies at the box office.The film focuses on a rescue operation in Africa, (23)______(lead)by former special forces soldier Leng Feng – played by Wu. Leng helps Chinese workers and local Africans flee a war-torn and plague-ravaged country.Wolf Warrior II links art to reality, and reminds people (24)______the massive evacuation of Chinese people from Libya when civil war (25)______(break)out there in 2011, and from Yemen in 2015, as well as the challenges the Ebola virus created in West Africa from 2013 to 2016.The film describes (26)_______ the Chinese government aims to protect overseas Chinese citizens. Just (27)_______the message at the end of the film reads: “Citizens of the People’s Republic of China. When you encounter danger in a foreign land, do not give up! Please remember, at your back (28)_______(stand) a strong motherland.”Thanks to China’s increasing participation in global affairs, now could (29)______(consider) the right moment to introduce a modern Chinese hero.“(30)_______ up a banner of peace, friendship and responsibility, Wolf Warrior II should be seen as a brave effort to promote Chinese values around the world,” columnist Zhu Ping wrote in China Daily. “It’s time Chinese filmmakers produced f ilms that tell good stories and carry the right spirit. Let us assume Wolf Warrior II has started that trend.”Keys: 21. to taste 22. is earned 23. led 24. of 25. broke26. how 27. as 28. stands 29. be considered 30. HoldingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, (21) ______ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety – not to mention fatigue – might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239 college freshmen, each (22) ______ (agree) to take three different versions of the SAT reasoning test (23) ______ (give) on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours and five-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. (24) ______ (boost) the stress level in the students – who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college – Ackerman and Kanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who (25) ______ (beat) their high-school score.(26) ______ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked them about their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of the test and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students’ energy and anxiety (27) ______ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers’ fatigue and stress rose steadily (28) ______ the test got longer. (29) ______ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of the test increased, so (30) ______ the students’ scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of 1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237.2017-2019届上海市上海中学高三英语试卷题型分类专题汇编：语法填空Keys: 21. may22. agreeing23. given24. To boost25. (would) beat26. Before27. throughout / during28. as29. What30. did11。
2019届上海市高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编(含答案)
III. Reading ComprehensionSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Minghai had been a monk for four years. He came here when he was thirteen. The name of this place is a bit strange. It’s called Nunnery Zhao Village. Zhao, because most of the folks in the village were surnamed Zhao. It’s called a village, but people lived scattered all over – two or three families here, two or three families there. Stepping outside, the houses could be seen in the distance, but it took some time to reach them on foot because there were no roads, and a person had to follow the winding field ridges. Nunnery, because there was a nunnery there. It was called Bodhi Nunnery, but most people pronounced it Biqi Nunnery. _______67_______ “Where is your temple?” “Biqi Nunnery.” A nunnery was originally a place where nuns resided; monks lived in temples and nuns in nunneries. But Monks lived at Biqi Nunnery. Perhaps it was because Biqi Nunnery was small – temples are big and nunneries are small.When Minghai lived at home, he was called Little Mingzi. ______68______ They didn’t call it leaving the home life where he came from; they called it being a monk. His hometown producedmonks the way other places produced pig gelders, mat weavers, bucket makers, cotton fluffers, artisans, and prostitutes. His hometown produced monks. If a family had a lot of boys, one would be sent to be a monk. In order to be a monk, one had to rely on connections or groups. Minghai’s family didn’t have a large amount of farmland, and his three older brothers were enough to farm the land they had. He was the fourth son. The year he turned seven, his uncle, who was a monk, returned home for a visit. After his parents conferred with his uncle, it was decided that he would become a monk. ______69______ Being a monk had its advantages. One didn’t have to cook – every temple had someone who was in charge of the meals. One could also save money. As long as one learned to relieve the hunger of hungry ghosts and release their souls, and to chant the Litany of Liang Wu Di for the dead, he normally shared some money, and by saving it up, he could resume secular life by taking a wife. If he didn’t resume secular life, he could buy several mu of land. But being a monk wasn’t that easy. One had to have a face like a bright moon, a bell-like voice, and be smart and have a good memory. His uncle examined his features and had him take a few steps forward and then back. He had him shout as if he were driving an ox on a threshing ground: “gedangde…” His conclusion was: “Mingzi has what it takes to be a good monk. I guarantee it!” But to be a monk, one had to invest a little by studying for several years. _______70_______ Thus Mingzi began to study. He read The Three-Character Classic, The Hundred Surnames, The Four Characters and Mixed Words, The Elegant Valuable Collection for Young Learners, The Analects in two volumes, and The Mengzi in two volumes. Every day he wrote a page of characters, which the villagers praised as good and solid.Keys: 67-70 ACFBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Bill Gates doesn't pretend he lives in an egalitarian(主张平等的）household. When it comes to parenting his three children, the billionaire Microsoft giant readily admits his wife Melinda has done more than her share of the work raising the kids."My wife does 80%," Gates told a crowd of Harvard students last Thursday. Gates spent two years there taking math and computer science courses as a pre-law student, but never finished up his degree. "My eldest graduates from Stanford in June, so I'm optimistic she won't fall into my footsteps," Gates joked._______67_______ They followed a 1970s "Love and Logic" parenting model. The core idea of their philosophy is centered on the idea of exerting emotional control, essentially minimizing emotional reactions like shouting or scolding kids. ____68______ Gates admits he and his wife haven't been perfect at carrying out the approach. "Can you get rid of the emotion? You can't totally do it," he said.Aside from reining in hot-blooded parent tempers, the love and logic model also stresses the importance of not leaning into rewards for kids, but instead demonstrating unconditional love and admiring kids for who they are, not what they do (or don't) achieve, like a poor test score."Many highly successful people struggled with grades as children," Fay wrote on his site. "______69______"The model is a bit like the ideal method, in that it pushes parents to focus on asking questions of their kids and getting them to think about how to solve their own problems, instead of feeding them answers._____70_____. However, he knew he wanted to do things differently with his own kids.It wasn't the only way he set boundaries for his children while they were growing up. None of his kids owned a cell phone until they were 14 years old. And they will each get about $10 million of their parents fortune as inheritance, a mere fraction of the mogul's roughly $90 billion net worth. "We want to strike a balance where they have the freedom to do anything, but not a lot of money showered on them so they could go out and do nothing," Gates once told TED.Keys: 67-70 FBDCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.There’s no denying crows are smart. They can remember where food has been hidden, recognize faces and craft tools.And, according to a new paper in Scientific Reports, some crows can even make those tools from memory. This skill may point to these clever corvids having a sort of culture of their own.Researchers, led by Sarah Jelbert at the University of Cambridge, worked specifically with New Caledonian crows. _____67_____ But experts haven’t been able to make sure where the crows pick up their skills. A bird in one area can construct the same tool as another bird miles away — but there’s no evidence bird one watched bird two build the gadget in order to copy it. And New Caledonian crows don’t really have a language, either._____68_____ Jelbert and her team had a hunch(预感) that it was because the birds were building based on the memory of tools they’d seen.To test this, the group trained eight crows to place pieces of paper into a pseudo-vending machine (really just a wooden box) to get a treat. _____69_____ Once they learned which sizes were rewarded, Jelbert and her team then gave the feathered participants large cards; the birds could fashion these into the coin sizes they’d picked up on earlier. Importantly, the crows didn’t get any sort of template(模板) when they were working with the big cards. And the birds snipped them into pieces that were similar in size to the coins they’d learned would get them treats.Given the lack of a template to copy, it seems the crows were able to construct mental images of the coins and use it to replicate a tool. ______70_____ These birds can see something and not just build it from memory, but potentially make improvements in their designs. “Most importantly,” the authors say in the study, “an improvement made by a crow during its lifetime could become part of the template learnt by subsequent generations, leading to an increase in tool complexity over time.” And this progression is a key component of cultural progression.Jelbert and her team recognize there’s still work to be done to see if their hypothesis is solid, like testing how long the crows can remember their mental images of the tools.Keys: 67-70 D A C EIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.When we talk about healthy brain ageing we are really discussing one of two things: how to minimise ongoing damage to the hardware of the brain, mostly by keeping its blood supply as good as possible; or how to improve the operation of the brain’s software. ______101_____ There is currently no magic bullet to protect the brain, but one area that has been best researched, and about which we can say with reasonable confidence, “this will help”, is mental activity.There is plenty of evidence that older people who stay mentally active, by learning a new language, doing crosswords or taking part in other intellectually challenging activities, preserve full cognitive function for longer. They have spent more time doing cognitively demanding activities over a lifetime, and they are, to some extent, buffered from the physical effects of brain ageing and degenerative diseases. We call this buffer “cognitive reserve” – a back-up reservoir of brain functionthat can protect from the consequences of brain damage, allowing us to continue to perform well. For example, people with a higher IQ, longer education or cognitively challenging employment have been found to have a lower risk of developing dementia. ______102______ In fact, studies have found that people with higher cognitive reserve who do get dementia exhibit less severe symptoms even when they have more brain damage than those with lower cognitive reserve.______103_____ The more we understand about its role in protecting our brain and how to boost our reserve, the more effective we will be in designing interventions to keep the human brain healthier for longer.The good news is that cognitive reserve isn’t exclusive to those who have the IQ of a genius or who’ve devoted their life to theoretical physics. ______104______ Therefore, taking part in cognitively challenging activities, learning new skills and continuing to “use it or lose it” probably applies no matter how old you are. Crucially, it’s never too late to start.Keys: 101-104 E C F AIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals, while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seagoing boat, or calculated the length of the year but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. _______67_______.It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. ______68_______.People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. _______69______. For that is what going to war means; it means power is right.This is what the story of mankind has been like. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young indeed, babies of a few months old. Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years.______70______. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and killing. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.Keys: 67-70BADEIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.In Western countries, it is common to talk about American technology being dominant. However, Asian firms have leapfrogged ahead, offering a new model of financial technology. Exhibit A is Ant Financial, a payments company attached to Alibaba. _____67_____ it has 520 million payments customers at home and 112 million in its affiliates(隶属机构) abroad, mainly in Asia. In May, Ant signed a deal to install its payments system in millions of American retail outlets. It is in the process of buying Money Gram, a Texas-based money-transfer firm active in over 200 countries.Jack Ma, the tycoon who controls Alibaba and Ant, has a grand vision to turn a Chinese empire into a global one. For Ant there are two opportunities. One is a business known as “merchants acceptance”, machines for paying for goods in shops and hotels. At the moment Chinese travellers often use Union Pay. _____68_____ Besides, Ant is expanding through its affiliates overseas. It owns about half of Paytm, an Indian digital-payments star. And has bought stakes in fintech firms in numerous Asian countries. Buying Money Gram would give Ant licenses abroad and clients who could be urged to use digital services._____69_____ First, rising competition is dampening(抑制) margins. At home WeChat has helped boost Tencent’s market share in digital payments from 15% in 2014 to 33% last year. Abroad, Ant is not the first mover. In South-East Asia several e-commerce firms are bolting payments onto their apps to attract and keep more customers. In America, Apple Pay is accepted in 4.5m locations. Another is foreign governments’ unwillingness for Chinese firms to have a big role in their financial systems. America’s national-security review panel is looking at the Money Gram deal. China’s financial system is isolated from the rest of the world. Ant has evolved in a distinct and more efficient way. ______70______.Keys: 67-70 CFADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.FIVE WAYS TO KILL YOUR DREAMSI dedicated the past two years to understanding how people achieve their dreams. When we think about the dreams we have, and the dent we want to leave in the universe, it is striking to see how big of an overlap there is between the dreams that we have and projects that never happen. So I'm here to talk to you today about five ways how not to follow your dreams.One: 67You know the story, right? The tech guy built a mobile app and sold it very fast for a lot of money. You know, the story may seem real, but I bet it's incomplete. If you go investigate further, the guy has done 30 apps before and he has done a master's on the topic, a Ph.D. He has been working on the topic for 20 years.This is really interesting, I myself have a story in Brazil that people think is an overnightsuccess. I come from a humble family, and two weeks before the deadline to apply to MIT, I started the application process. And, voila! I got in. People may think it's an overnight success, but that only worked because for the 17 years prior to that, I took life and education seriously. Your overnight success story is always a result of everything you've done in your life through that moment. Two: Believe someone else has the answers for you.Constantly, people want to help out, right? All sorts of people: your family, your friends, your business partners, they all have opinions on which path you should take: 'And let me tell you, go through this pipe.' But whenever you go inside, there are other ways you have to pick as well. And you need to make those decisions yourself. 68 .And you need to keep picking those decisions, right? The pipes are infinite and you're going to bump your head, and it's a part of the process.Three: it's very subtle but very important: Decide to settle when growth is guaranteed.So when your life is going great, you have put together a great team, and you have growing revenue, and everything is set -- time to settle. When I launched my first book, I worked really, really hard to distribute it everywhere in Brazil. With that, over three million people downloaded it, over 50,000 people bought physical copies.When I wrote a sequel, some impact was guaranteed. Even if I did little, sales would be okay. But okay is never okay. When you're growing towards a peak, you need to work harder than ever and find yourself another peak. Maybe if I did little, a couple hundred thousand people would read it, and that's great already. But if I work harder than ever, I can bring this number up to millions. That's why I decided, with my new book, to go to every single state of Brazil. And I can already see a higher peak. There's no time to settle down.Four：Blame others for the fault.I constantly see people saying, 'Y es, I had this great idea, but no investor had the vision to invest.' 'Oh, I created this great product, but the market is so bad, the sales didn't go well.' Or, 'I can't find good talent; my team is so below expectations. 69 Y es, it may be hard to find talent. Yes, the market may be bad. But if no one invested in your idea, if no one bought your product, for sure, there is something there that is your fault. Definitely. You need to get your dreams andmake them happen. And no one achieved their goals alone. But if you didn't make them happen, it's your fault and no one else's. Be responsible for your dreams.Five: Only pay attention to dreams themselves.Once I saw an ad, and it was a lot of friends, they were going up a mountain, it was a very high mountain, and it was a lot of work. You could see that they were sweating and this was tough. And they were going up, and they finally made it to the peak. Of course, they decided to celebrate, right? I'm going to celebrate, so, 'Yes! We made it, we're at the top!' Two seconds later, one looks at the other and says, 'Okay, let's go down.'Life is never about the goals themselves. Life is about the journey. Yes, you should enjoy the goals themselves, but people think that you have dreams, and whenever you get to reaching one of those dreams, it's a magical place where happiness will be all around. 70The only way to really achieve all of your dreams is to fully enjoy every step of your journey. That's the best way.Keys: 67-70 BCDFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.We Americans ingest an average of 25 pounds of rice a year-and a portion of that comes drinking beer. Yes, rice is a sample in our diet. But is it a safe one? Consumer Reports recently found" troubling "levels of inorganic arsenic, a known human carcinogen (a substance which can cause cancer), in almost every rice-containing food it tested. (67)._________ But rice takes up arsenic from soil and water more readily than other grains do.Health-conscious consumers rely on brown rice, which has even more arsenic. In the Consumer Reports test, a quarter cup of uncooked white rice had from roughly 1 to 7 micrograms of inorganic arsenic, while brown rice had from 4 to 10 micrograms. Why the difference? (68) __________.What about rice cakes? They contained from 2 to 8 micrograms per serving, while hot and ready-to-eat rice cereals had 2 to 7 micrograms: These levels are at least five times higher than rice cereals had 2 to 7 micrograms. These levels are at least five times higher than those found in other cereals, such as oatmeal.Studies show that people exposed to large amounts of arsenic for many years are more likely to die of cancer. In Bangladesh, people who drank tap water that contained 50 to 149 micrograms of arsenic per liter for a0 or 30 years, for example, were 44 percent more likely to die of cancer.(69)________ (The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limits the total amount of arsenic in drinking water to 10 micrograms per liter.) But our total risk is unclear. There isn’t enough date to set a limit on inorganic arsenic in food, says the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.The Bottom Line: (70)_______ Consumer Reports recommends that adults eat no more than 11/2 to 2 cups of cooked(brown or white)rice a week, And here is a way to lessen risk: Rinse yourrice, cook it in six parts water to one part rice until it reaches eating texture, and then pour off the extra water. This can remove about half the arsenic.Keys: 67-70 CFBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Asking for a little can go a long wayThroughout this book we’ve attempted to provide evidence to support ou r claims that we can successfully move people to say yes. 67Along with several colleagues, one of us sent out to do just that. We thought that, when asked to make a donation, even those who would like to support the charity in some way say no, because they can’t afford to donate very much, and they assume that the small amount that they can afford wouldn’t do much to help the cause. 68To set this hypothesis(假设), our research assistants went door to door to request donations for the American Cancer Society. After introducing themselves, they asked the residents, “Would you be willing to help by giving a donation?” For half the residents the request ended there. _____69_____When we analyzed the results we found that, consistent with our hypothesis, people in the “even a penny will help” half of the sample were almost twice as likely to donate to the cause. And the amount the individuals gave was also found to be more or less the same in both halves, so the people in the “even a penny” half did not donate less.70 Applications in the workplace might be: to a co-worker regarding a joint project, “Just an hour of your time would really help;” to a co-worker whose handwriting is illegible, “Just a little more clarity would help.” The chances are that this little step in the right direction won’t prove so little after all.Keys: 67-70 EACBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.To Wear or Not to WearAfter a strict head teacher in the U.K. sent 80 students home for uniform violations(违例), the Guardian held a discussion about whether wearing school uniforms makes a difference.School uniform is very important. It does improve my concentration, because it reminds me that I’m at school to learn. But I’m not sure if that’s because I’m used to wear ing uniform and associate my own clothes with free time. 67 If everyone is wearing the same clothes, it’s impossible to make fun of other people’s clothing. I don’t think this ignores a child’s need to express themselves.-- David Hershman, a student at Stafford grammar school68 Students should start school with no uniform. As they progress through the school, they start wearing it. I always think children need to be proud of their school, and uniform is important for that. So, make them earn it! If they let the school down, they shouldn’t be allowed to wear it. Look at the Marines（海军陆战队）---- they can’t wait to get that beret（贝雷帽）.--Tim Francis, a former teacherI have had experience of teaching in both uniform and non-uniform schools. I can definitely see the benefits of students wearing uniform. Uniform can be important in creating a sense of school identity and community. It is often a source of collective pride for students. 69Teaching students how to express themselves with confidence, rather than the length of their tie, should be the priority.--Enayah Byramjee, an educational development directorIn a perfect world, school uniform would not exist. Children would express their personalities through their clothes at school, just as they do at home. School wouldn’t impress on pupils the need to wear skirts to a certain length. We don’t live in a perfect world, however. 70My house is often filled with uniform-wearing girls. The best thing about uniform, for me as a parent, is the simplicity.--Joanna Moorhead, a mother of fourKeys: 67-70 BAEFIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, 41 . I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost 42 on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just ____43____ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of ____44____or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor (倦怠) had ____45____ this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet (铅锤) and sounding-line (测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ____46____ before my education began, only I was without ____47____ or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the ____48____ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone ____49____ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to ____50____ all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until ____51____. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to ____52____ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I ____53____ with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this ____54____ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a ____55____.41. A. hesitant B. reluctant C. expectant D. defendant42. A. consequently B. unconsciously C. deliberately D. simultaneously43. A. come forth B. brought about C. left behind D. hidden away44. A. panic B. result C. position D. marvel45. A. succeeded B. exposed C. inherited D. demonstrated46. A. fog B. ship C. shore D. plummet47. A. compassion B. compromise C. compass D. companion48. A. paradise B. habitat C. residence D. harbor。
2019届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--语法填空(带答案精准校对提高版)
II．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ASection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, (21)________members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct is (22)_______ the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many peoples lives. It is the same instinct that drives people (23)_______(dress) one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” (24)_____ _______ it is not necessarily true. There is (25)______ practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important (26)_______ it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults (27)______ feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt (28)______ they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.”However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may (29)_____ ______ (urge) to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be (30)_______, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believeare wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.Keys: 21on 22 why 23 to dress 24 even if 25 a26 that 27 may 28 because 29 be urged 30 themselvesII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirection: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Victorian village children had little more than their surroundings and the imaginings (21)______ ______ to content themselves. Francis Kilvert came across this happy scene one day in January 1870:” In the Common Field in front of the cottages(村舍) I found two little figures in the dusk. One tiny naughty boy (22)______(bind) a handkerchief carefully round the face of another even more tiny than (23)______. It was Fred and Jerry Savine. “What are you doing to him?”, I asked Fred. “Please, Sir,” said the child seriously, “we are going to play seek-and-hide.” The two children were quite alone, bu they went on seriously with their game （24）______ _____ they were in a magnificent playground with dozens of children to play with. Oh, the wealth of a child’s imagination and capacity for enjoyment of minor stuff.Sometimes their fun served all the family--blackberrying, (25)______(nut) or picking apples in autumns--though often it was to gather for themselves a little of (26)______ the countryside had to offer. Sybil Marshall and her friends in Cambridgeshire explored and en joyed the world that lay all around them. Looking back to her childhood she wrote: “We dug up tansy roots (27)______(eat) and filled our pockets with wheat whenever we could. We then went on w gather different sorts of flowers to dress ourselves up to play”Kings and Queens”.Children played in the Victorian countryside-- and shopkeeping was one of their games. They also worked Labouring families were among the largest in this country for the reason that almost as soon as they could walk and talk the children (28)_______(expect) to help in some way. The help might be (29)______ the form of small domestic duties, though in areas of cottage industry girls would be made to learn handicraft skills at an early age. And there were always jobs to bedone outside--gathering branches or running errands-- and promises to be carried from tasks such as scaring birds or picking stones from the fields. Farmers would prevent children working together, (30)______ they would soon turn to play. “Two boys is half a boy, and three boys no boys at all. At harvest, everyone, of any age, took part in the communal effort.The earthquake of 26th December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a (31) _____ underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean. It (32) ________ coastlines, communities and brought death to many people.Keys: 21. with which 22. was binding 23. himself 24. as if/as though 25. nutting26. what 27. to eat 28. would be expected 29. in 30. since /as /because/forII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Car Cleaner Sent to PrisonLast week, cleaner Peter Blain was sent to prison for six years after (21)________ (find) guilty of stealing. Blain is no ordinary, however, and at first, police were confused about the case. The fact was that over a period of months, Blain cleaned thirty-six cars. This (22)_________not sound like a crime, but they were not his cars, it was not his job and he (23)_________(not pay) to clean them.All the cars, many of (24)________had a price of more than ￡40,000 each, were stolen from expensive car showrooms in the Midlands area of England. Blain was able to steal the cars using a technique which he perfected over time. He walked into car showrooms and pretended that he wanted to buy a car. He then chose a car and said he wanted test-drive it. He drove away from roads, never (25)_________(come) back, absolutely spotless inside and out. Blain washed and clean each one (26)_________leaving it. He was called, “the man you would most want to steal your car” by one judge.When asked in court, Blain revealed that he stole cars in order to make (27)________feelimportant. He explained that he was a cleaner who didn’t have his own car. So, he drove each car to a different street and spent time cleaning it. He said he felt happy when people saw him and thought the car was (28)__________.When the police finally worked out what was happening, Blain was arrested at his home in Sheffield. (29)_________the cars weren’t damaged and he didn’t sell the cars for his own financial benefit, Judge Alan Goldsack told him that a long prison sentence was inevitable. The judge explained that the owners of the car showrooms were victims and (30)_________Blain’s actions did affect their business.Keys: 21.being found 22. may 23. wasn’t paid24. which ing26. before27. himself28. his29. Although/ Though/ While30. thatII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Documentary in Japan Reveals Dark HistoryEvery September 2 --a day marking Japan’s surrender in the War of Aggression Against China --is a sensitive day for China and Japan. It has become routine (21)______ on the day Japan’s prime minister gives an empty speech and China urges Japan to reflect upon the history. This year, however, Japanese broadcaster NHK’s independent voice won universal praise in China.Last month, NHK, Japan’s national public broadcasting organization, broadcast a documentary titled The Truth of Unit 731. Unit 731 was a secret chemical warfare development of unit of the Japanese military during WWII. Set up around 1936 in Harbin, it conducted cruel experiments (22)______ live human beings to test chemical weapons. Most of the victims were Chinese, some of (23)______ were children. The unit is a subject seldom touched in Japan. The authorities have been eager to cover up that part of history. The documentary, however, reveals the cold-blooded truth to the public.“I have seen no one who left the camp alive after (24)______(experiment) on,” said an officer of Unit 731. Another officer told NHK that (25)______(cover) up their crimes, the unit killed all the people who survived their experiments. “The war was so cruel... it was something that (26)______ never have happened,” he said with tears in eyes in the documentary.In China, Unit 731 has had such a bad reputation that even kids in kindergarten(27)______(hear) about it. The documentary immediately caught Chinese audience’s attention(28)______ was widely discussed on China’s social media. Many netizens praised NHK’s courage and called it a “station with a conscience” for releasing the documentary at such a sensitive time.When (29)______(ask) about China’s opinion on the documentary, the Foreign Ministry spokesperson replied that the country appreciates the courage of (30)______ who chose to reveal the historical truth. Meanwhile, she urged the Japanese government again to deeply reflect upon the history of aggression by the Japanese military.Keys: 21. that 22.on 23.whom 24.being experimented 25. to cover26.should 27.have heard 28.and 29.asked 30.thoseSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Crown Plaza Hotel in Copenhagen is offering a free meal to any guest who is able to produce electricity for the hotel on an exercise bike linked to a generator(发电机). The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint. Guests will have to produce at least 10 watt hours of electricity-roughly 15 minutes of cycling for someone of average fitness. Guests staying at Plaza Hotel will ______21_____（give）meat tickets worth $ 36 _____22_____they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity. The bicycles will have smart phones ____23______ (attach) to the handlebars measuring how much power _____24_____ (generate) for the hotel.The plan, a world-first, _____25______ (start) on 19 April and run for a year. Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part. Fredericka Tomemmergaard, hotel spokeswoman,said, “Many of our visitors are business people who enjoy going to the gym. There ____26______be people who will cycle just _____27_____(get) a free meal, but generally I don’t think people will take advantage of our programme.”Copenhagen has a long-standing cycling tradition and 36% of locals cycle to work each day, one of _____28______(high) percentages in the world , according to the websites visitcopenhagen dk. US environmental website treehugger com recently voted Copenhagen the world’s best city for cyclists. “____29___Copenhagen is strongly connected with cycling, we felt the bicycle would work well _______30___a symbol of the hotel’s green profile(形象).”If successful, the electric bicycle meal programme will be spread to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK, the hotel said in a statement.Keys: 21. be given 22. once 23. attached 24. is being generated 25. will start26. might 27. to get 28. the highest 29. Because 30. asII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.AA young man was getting ready to graduate from college.For many months he had wanted a beautiful sports car in a show room,and (21)_______(know) his father could well afford it,he told him that was all he wanted.As Graduation Day came near,the young man expected signs(22)______that his father had bought the gift.Finally,on the morning of his graduation,his father called him into his own study and told him how proud he was(23)________(have) such a fine son,and told him how much he loved him.He handed his son a beautifully wrapped gift box.Curious,and somewhat disappointed,the young man opened the box and found a lovely,leather(24)_________(bind) Bible, with the young man's name pressed in gold.Angry,he raised his voice to his father,and said "With all your money,you give me a Bible?" and stormed(25)_________the house.Many years passed and the young man was very successful in business.He had a beautiful home and wonderful family, (26)________realized his father was very old,and thought perhaps he should go to him.However,(27)________he could make arrangements,he received a telegram(28)_______(tell) him his father had passed away, and willed all his possessions to his son.When he arrived at his father's house,sudden sadness and regret filled his heart.He began to search through his father's important papers and saw the still gift-wrapped Bible just as he (29)_________(leave) had left it years ago.With tears,he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages.Suddenly,a car key dropped from the back of the Bible.It had a tag,which(30)________(read) the date of his graduation on it,and the words PAID IN FULL.BThe need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. (31)_________97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture,the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. (32)_______the idea of a water shortage seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country,many of the world's agricultural industries (33)________(experience) constant water shortages.Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons,the costs of water redistribution are very high.Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself,but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. (34)________valleys（山谷）are flooded to create dams,houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides,water may flow easily through pipes to fields,but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to (35)_________.Each country (36)_________ therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation.In Texas, farmers overuse of irrigation water (37)_______ (result) in a 25% reduction of the water stores.In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA,a huge water engineering project provided water (38)________ farming in dry valleys,but much of the water use has been poorly managed.Saudi Arabia's attempts (39)________ (grow) wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping ofhuge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves.Because there is no rainfall in these areas,such reserves can only decrease,and it is believed that fifty years of pumping (40)_______ (see) them run dry.Keys: 21.knowing 22.that 23.to have 24.bound 25.out of26.but 27.before 28.telling 29.had left 30.read31.With 32.Although 33.experience 34.Where 35.the other36.must 37.has result 38.for39.to grow 40.will seeII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.“Have you gotten married received a salary raise?” “Have you bought a house?”Are you familiar with these questions starting with have you?If you answer is yes, and you are getting sick of answering these questions, you probably have become a member of the “home-fear group”.The “home-fear group” refers to (21)________ feeling anxious about returning home during the spring Festival, they have deep concerns about going back home for such factors as heavy economic pressure, high cost of the festival, the troubles of buying tickets, the long distance of the journey and exposure of private matters (22)________ (involve) family or love life.Now, a special song has been tailor-made for this group.The seven-minute song utilizes a choir style and rap. The beginning of the song (23)_______(sing) by the choir, which involves a family scene (24)________ a recently returned young adult is asked a series of questions by family members. After the “question attack” from relatives, the young man decides to reflect (25)________ his past and also defend himself through rap.According to the official Weibo account of Shanghai rainbow indoor chorus, This is more than just a funny song but a useful guide for young people, a careful listen to some of the lyrics will inspire you on (26)________ to wisely answer many spring festival specific questions.“It is a very interesting yet brainwashing song, truly describing the (27)________ (satisfactory) situation quite a few young Chinese people have been trapped in” Sina Weibo user Santilin clouds said.According to a survey recently conducted among 1,918, young people have been by the research center at China Youth Daily, an overwhelming 86.4 percent of interviewees think it is necessary (28)_______ (return) to their homeland during the spring Festival, (29)______ _______ they are afraid of losing face for an average life or career.“Indeed, we (30)_______ not be that good but we will work hard in the future. That's enough! After all, the essence of spending the Spring Festival is reunion not compression,” the song echoes the theme at the ending.Keys: 21. those 22. involving 23. is sung 24. where 25. on26. how 27. less satisfactory 28. to return 29. even if 30. mayDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In most industrialized countries about 105 boys are born for every 100 girls, for a ratio of 1.05, known as the secondary sex ratio, or SSR; the primary sex ratio is the ratio at conception. This is often expressed as the percentage of boys among all births, or about 51.2 percent. The percentage of males among all births is not fixed, however. Since the 1950s and 1960s the overall SSR (21)__________ (decline) in the U.S., Canada and several European countries. There are also both personal and environmental factors that affect the average sex ratio.(22)_________chance of having a boy appears (23)__________(decline) with the mother's age, the father's age and the number of children the family already has. These effects are small. One study in Denmark found that the SSR of children born to fathers younger than 25 was 51.6 percent, which decreased (24)_________51.0 percent among children of fathers at least 40 years of age. Therefore it is unlikely that the declining SSR in many countries results solely fromlarge-scale changes in such personal factors. With regard to environmental factors, improved prenatal and obstetrical care during the first part of the 20th century is largely responsible for an (25)_________(increase) SSR over this period in many countries. The male fetus is more susceptible to loss in the womb than is the female fetus, so with more conceptions reaching term, proportionally more males are born.It is difficult to discern how much of the decrease in sex ratio since the 1950s arises from contaminants in the environment. What is known is that drug use, high occupational exposures and environmental accidents (26)__________ affect SSR. For example, hopeful mothers (27)_________ (take) clomiphene citrate (Clomid) for infertility bore babies with an SSR of only 48.5 percent. Workers producing 1,2- dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), a chemical used to kill worms in agriculture, experienced even larger decreases in the number of male babies . Effects of DBCP on sperm quality (28)__________ (discover) incidentally when male workers found that they were unable to father children. After the exposure ended, male workers experienced some recovery of sperm quality and 36 children were born to 44 workers. Of these 36 children only 10 were boys--an SSR of just 27.8 percent.These dramatic changes resulting from extreme exposures raise the concern that chemicals in the environment at (29)_________ (low) concentrations may also change the SSR by exposing people over longer periods of time. For example, there are reports that parental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury, each of which is widely distributed in the environment, can affect the sex ratio. (30)___________(confirm)such effects will take careful work on large populations, but the results may be quite important.Keys: 21.has declined /has been declining 22.The 23.to decline 24.to 25. increased26. can 27.taking 28. were discovered 29.lower 30.ConfirmingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never (21)______ (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys (22)________ (play) with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies (23)________ social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls (24)_________ (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.(25)_________ is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly (26)_________ craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present (27)_______ is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life (28)________ toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys (29)________ be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to (30)_________ used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.Keys: 21. to have been 22. played 23. where 24. are [being] prepared 25. What26.in 27.that 28.because 29.can 30.oneII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Feds Want to Know Who’s Protesting TrumpInternet companies often receive requests by law enforcement (21)________ customer info. to help with ongoing investigation. Rarely, however, (22)________ a court order hit up a Web hosting company for upwards of 1.3 million IP addresses to find out who’s been visiting a particular Web site.That’s exactly what happened recently when the U.S. Justice Department tried to get the company DreamHost to turn over contact info, e-mails, photos and data related to a Web site called DisruptJ20. DisruptJ20 (23)________(involve) in organizing protests against the Trump administration.DreamHost bristled at the court order and filed (24)________ appeal. Company special counsel Chris Ghazarian told me that DreamHost rarely gets requests to turn over that much client information. IP addresses, in particular, can identify (25)________ computers visited a site, when they visited, what they viewed and for how long. IP addresses can also be used to reveal a Web user’s identity.The Justice Department later revised its request, (26)________ (say) it was not going to force DreamHost to turn over text and photos from blog posts written but never (27)________ (post) to DisruptJ20.A Washington, D.C., Superior Court then further amended the government’s request. The judge asked the Justice Department to list the names of all government investigators who will have access to DreamHost’s data and to explain how it will search through the data to gather evidence against Trump dissenters. Justice (28)________ (bar) from sharing the information with other government agencies.We’ll see whether the government ends up prosecuting anyone (29)________(use) DreamHost’s data. If that happens it could drive digital civil disobedience to encrypted mobile apps or possibly the Dark web, a largely uncharted online realm (30)________ it’s easier to remain anonymous.That would raise disturbing questions about the state of citizens’ First Amendment11 rights in the U.S. these days.Keys: 21. for 22. will 23 has been involved 24. an 25. which26. saying 27. posted 28. is barred 29. using 30. whereII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Hair products have risen sharply in popularity over the past decade. The average woman spends about $50,000 on her hair over her lifetime and almost two hours a week (21) (style) her hair. What is the reason for the high interest in hair maintenance? This is not just because women believe that appearances are important, (22) also because hair represents their personality, thoughts and beliefs."I’m having a bad hair day!" Many women have said it. For them a bad hair day equals a bad day: when their hair is too frizzy (卷曲的),too dry, turning grey or falling out, their self-esteem is seriously affected. The ties (23)_____ hair and self-esteem is evident throughout history, philosophy and even religion.To some extent, hair has become a big part of women's identity. It helps define the persona (人物角色）they aim to create to impress others, whether as an intellectual or a rebel. Hair can also influence the way (24) they define themselves, as an extension of their identity.Blonde women, for example, often have to justify themselves about "not being dumb." Nevertheless, a significant percentage of white women have recently dyed their hair blonde. That may be attributed to the fact that blonde women are relatively (25) (attractive) to the opposite sex. Meanwhile, brunettes (26)________ (depict) as competent and red-haired women are believed to be "fiery (暴躁的)."However, (27)________most women can choose to change their hair as they wish, we often hear that some religions force women to cover their hair. And in Brazil, the Dominican Republic and many other Latin American countries, hairstyles are so important that women feel the need to straighten their hair to land a job. Hair really matters, as Hillary Clinton told Yale graduates in her commencement speech back in 2001. "'Your hair will send significant messages to those around you --- (28)________hopes and dreams you have for the world and for your hair"In a sense, the time and money (29)________ (spend) on their hair isn't just the exercise of personal preferences. It tells everyone how they feel about (30)________and their ability to。
2019届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(带答案已校对珍藏版)
III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, 41 . I guessed vaguely from my mother's signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost 42 on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just ____43____ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of ____44____or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor (倦怠) had ____45____ this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet (铅锤) and sounding-line (测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ____46____ before my education began, only I was without ____47____ or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the ____48____ was. "Light! Give me light!" was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone ____49____ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to ____50____ all things to me, and, more than all t hings else, to love me.The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until ____51____. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to ____52____ it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I ____53____ withchildish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this ____54____ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a ____55____.41. A. hesitant B. reluctant C. expectant D. defendant42. A. consequently B. unconsciously C. deliberately D. simultaneously43. A. come forth B. brought about C. left behind D. hidden away44. A. panic B. result C. position D. marvel45. A. succeeded B. exposed C. inherited D. demonstrated46. A. fog B. ship C. shore D. plummet47. A. compassion B. compromise C. compass D. companion48. A. paradise B. habitat C. residence D. harbor49. A. took B. shook C. clung D. rescued50. A. share B. devote C. reveal D. celebrate51. A. beforehand B. backward C. afterward D. forward52. A. illustrate B. exhibit C. guess D. imitate53. A. fluttered B. flourished C. flashed D. flushed54. A. unrealistic B. uncomprehending C. insurmountable D. unproductive55. A. title B. name C. credit D. roleKeys: 41-45 CBADA 46-50 BCDAC 51-55 CDDBBIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Vast Parts of Earth should be left wildTo avoid mass extinctions of all plants and animals, governments should protect a third of the oceans and land by 2030 and half by 2050, with a focus on areas of high biodiversity. So say leading biologists in an editorial in the journal Science.This isn’t not just about saving biodiverse areas, says Jonathan Baillie of the National Geographic Society, one of the authors. It’s also about saving ourselves by protecting____41____ natural systems, or ecosystems. and their benefits to us, known as ecosystem service. “We are learning that the large areas that remain are important for providing services for all life. The forests, for example, are ____42____critical for absorbing and storing carbon.” says Baille.At present, just 3.6 per cent of the planet’s oceans and 14.7 per cent of the land is protected by law. At the 2010 Nagoya Conference of the Convention on Biological Diversity,governments agreed to protect 10 per cent of the oceans and 17 per cent of land.But this isn’t nearly enough, says Baillie. In the editorial, He and his coauthor, Ya-Ping Zhang of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, want governments to set much bigger ____43____ targets at the next major conference in 2020.“We have to enormously ____44____ increase our ambition if we want to avoid an extinction crisis and if we want to maintain the ecosystem services that we ____45____ currently benefit from,” says Baillie. “The trends are in a ____46____ positive direction, it’s just we have to move much faster.”It’s hard to work out how much space is needed to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem ____47____benefits, the pair say, because there’s so much we don’t know about life on Earth – like how many species there are. ____48____However, most estimates suggest that between 25 and 75 per cent of high biodiversity regions or major ecosystems must be protected. Therefore, we, including governments, should be _____49____ err on the side of caution when setting goals and strategies.“There is no doubt we need far more land and sea ____50____secured for conserving and retaining nature,” says James Watson at the University of Queensland in Australia. “Targets like 50 per cent are in the right ball park when it comes to the minimal ____51____ amount of area needed to conserve biodiversity.”But Watson and others stress that which areas get protected is even more important than the overall percentage. “The key thing is to protect the right areas,” says Jose Montoya of the Stationfor Theoretical and Experimental Ecology in Moulis, France. “If we ____52____ merely protect a proportion of the territory, governments will likely protect what’s easy, and that’s usually areas of ____53____ low biodiversity and ecosystem service provision.”In fact,a third of the 3.6 per cent of land that is already meant to be protected is actually being ____54____exploited, Watson’s team reported last month. So only ____55____ declaring areas to be protected isn’t enough.41. A. stricter B. wider C. safer D. simpler42. A. unique B. sufficient C. critical D. fit43. A. examples B. values C. awards D. objectives44. A. increase B. achieve C. lack D. frustrate45. A. barely B. currently C. roughly D. thoroughly46. A. opposite B. fixed C. complex D. positive47. A. approaches B. management C. benefits D. degradation48. A. Therefore B. Furthermore C. However D. Otherwise49. A. concerned B. changeable C. firm D. cautious50. A. deserted B. secured C. measured D. distributed51. A. damage B. cost C. amount D. standard52. A. completely B. merely C. Virtually D. desperately53. A. mass B. tropical C. marine D. low54. A. exploited B. expanded C. restored D. discovered55. A. developing B. covering D. declaring D. utilizingKeys: 41-45 BCDAB 46-50 DCCDB 51-55 CBDADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How Facebook Programmed Our RelativesThree years ago, on his birthday, a law professor watched his e-mail inbox as usual. But it was filled with Facebook notifications (通告) ____41____ that friends had posted messages on his wall. The messages made him sad. The blocked inbox was ____42____, but what really upset him was having disclosed his birth date to Facebook in the first place. It’s not necessary for social networking to comply with (遵守) privacy laws, as some people ___43____ believe. He hadn’t paid much attention when he signed up—as with most electronic contracts, there was no room for negotiation about terms. He ____44____ Facebook’s instructions, entered the data and clicked a button.A few days later, the law professor decided to change the birth date on his Facebook profile to ____45____ the same situation next year. But when the fake date rolled around, his inbox again was flooded with Facebook notifications. Two of the messages were from close relatives, one of whom he had spoken with on the phone on his actual birthday! How could she not realize that the date was ____46____?Our hypothesis (假设): she’d been programmed!That law professor was one of us, and it confirmed his ____47___ that most people respond ____48____ to Facebook’s prompts (提示) to provide information or contact a friend without really thinking much about it. That’s because digital networked technologies are engineering humans to behave like simple stimulus-response machines.Social media plays a tremendous role in modern life. Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter have become the primary ways of keeping in touch with friends, family, classmates and colleagues. To date, ____49____, researchers have not fully explored the degree to which these platforms are literally programming human responses. Social media platforms encode a range of social ____50____: Facebook notifies us when it is time to wish our friends a happy birthday; LinkedIn prompts us to congratulate contacts on their work anniversaries. As a result, social interactions are often ____51____ to the click of a button.Facebook may increase the number of people to whom we wish a happy birthday with a few clicks of a button; it’s not as if we remember the birth dates of that high school classmate or distant cousin. But if it becomes ____52____ behavior, is it even meaningful? As for people who aren’t on Facebook or don’t post their birth dates publicly, the ___53____ they exercise over their data comes at a cost: they don’t receive scores of well-wishes from far-flung contacts. ____54____, it’s still nice to be thought of, even if just once a year.Digital platforms are ____55____ what it means to be human, and we can’t rely on the platforms to police or research themselves. In the meantime, when your birthday rolls around, enjoy the warm feelings from friends sending their regards— but remember that they don’t know when your birthday really is any more than you do theirs.41. A. requiring B. recognizing C. indicating D. summarizing42. A. annoying B. embarrassing C. frustrating D. exciting43. A. hardly B. passionately C. mistakenly D. slowly44. A. lacked B. suspended C. obeyed D. offered45. A. accept B. avoid C. analyze D. arrange46. A. significant B. definite C. correct D. fake47. A. doubt B. appointment C. statement D. plan48. A. cautiously B. positively C. automatically D. aggressively49. A. thus B. however C. moreover D. otherwise50. A. reforms B. problems C. issues D. behaviors51. A. adapted B. reduced C. committed D. admitted52. A. suspected B. accepted C. programmed D. horrified53. A. control B. judgments C. influence D. skills54. A. In return B. In addition C. For example D. After all55. A. enriching B. examining C. shaping D. retainingKeys: 41-45 CACCB 46-50 DACBD 51-55 BCADCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)You can actually catch a good mood or a bad mood from your friends, according to a recentstudy in the journal Royal Society Open Science. But that shouldn’t stop you from ___51___ with pals who are down in the dumps, say the study authors: ___52___, the effect isn’t large enough to push you into depression.The new study adds to a growing body of research suggesting that happiness and sadness—as well as lifestyle and behavioral factors like smoking, drinking, obesity, fitness habits and even the ability to concentrate—can ___53___ across social networks, both online and in real life. But while many ___54___ studies have only looked at friendship data at one point in time, this is one of the few that measured social and mood changes over time.The new research involved groups of junior-high and high-school students who took part in ___55___ screenings（筛查）and answered questions about their best friends, many of whom were also enrolled in the study. In total, 2,194 students were included in the ___56___, which used a mathematical model to look for connections among friend networks.Overall, kids whose friends suffered from bad moods were more ___57___ to report bad moods themselves—and they were less likely to have improved when they were screened again six months to a year later. When people had more happy friends, ___58___, their moods were more likely to improve over time.Some symptoms related to depression—like helplessness, tiredness and loss of interest—also seemed to follow this ___59___, which scientists call “social contagion.” But this isn’t something that people need to ___60___, says lead author Robert Eyre, a doctoral student at the University of Warwick. Rather, it’s likely just a “___61___ empathetic response that we’re all familiar with, and something we recognize by common sense,” he says. In other words, when a friend is going through a rough patch, it makes sense that you’ll feel some of their ___62___, and it’s certainly not a reason to stay away.The study also found that having friends who were clinically depressed did not ___63___ participants’ risk of becoming depressed themselves. “Your friends do not put you at risk of illness,” says Eyre, “so a good course of action is simply to ___64___ them.” To boost both of your moods, he suggests doing things together that you both ___65___—and taking other friends along to further spread those good feelings, too.”51. A. keeping up B. making off C. hanging out D. getting away52. A. Thankfully B. Particularly C. Hopefully D. Totally53. A. increase B. generate C. delay D. spread54. A. growing B. previous C. real D. large-scale55. A. depression B. anxiety C. anger D. friendship56. A. assessment B. examination C. analysis D. exercise57. A. willing B. reluctant C. able D. likely58. A. what’s worse B. as a result C. on the other hand D. in one word59. A. prediction B. pattern C. report D. improvement60. A. worry about B. look for C. rely on D. put forward61. A. social B. normal C. rough D. certain62. A. symptoms B. responses C. recognition D. pain63. A. eliminate B. conceal C. increase D. sugarcoat64. A. enlighten B. entertain C. empower D. support65. A. enjoy B. understand C. advise D. permit(B)Many of China’s ancient architectural treasures crumbled to dust before Lin Huiyin and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s. The husband and wife team were by far the best-known ___66___ to operate in China. Their ___67___ have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development.Becoming China’s first architectural historians was no easy ___68___. The buildings they wanted to ___69___ were centuries old, often in shambles and located in distant parts of the country. In many cases, they had to journey through ___70___ conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach them.___71___ China’s outlying areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy, poorly maintained roads by mule, or on foot. This was a(n) ___72___ undertaking both for Liang, who walked with a bad limp（跛）after a motorcycle accident as a young man, and Lin, who had a lung disease for years. Inns were often unimaginably dirty, food could be tainted（污染的）, and there was always ___73___ of violence from rebels, soldiers and bandits.Their greatest discovery came on an expedition in 1937 when they dated and extremely ___74___ catalogued Foguang Si, or the Temple of Buddha’s Light, in Wutai County, Shanxi Province. The breathtaking wooden temple was ___75___ in 857 A.D., making it the oldestbuilding known in China at the time. (It is now the fourth-oldest known).Liang and Lin crawled into the temple’s most ___76___ areas to determine its age, including one aerie inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs, covered in dust and littered with dead bats. Liang wrote of the ___77___ in an account included in “Liang and Lin: Partners in Exploring China’s Architectural Past,” the English-language story of their lives written by Wilma Fairbank, their close friend and correspondent.“In complete darkness and amid the ___78___ smell, hardly breathing, with thick masks covering our noses and mouths, we measured, drew, and photographed with flashlights for several hours,” Liang wrote. “When ___79___ we came out to take a breath of fresh air, we found hundreds of bedbugs in our backpack. We ourselves had been badly bitten. Yet the ___80___ and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture.”66. A. architects B. historians C. preservationists D. travellers67. A. documents B. efforts C. operations D. encouragements68. A. achievement B. dream C. determination D. breakthrough69. A. construct B. develop C. announce D. save70. A. opposing B. unexpected C. unfamiliar D. dangerous71. A. Exploring B. Touring C. Developing D. Overlooking72. A. unadvisable B. priceless C. demanding D. worthless73. A. tolerance B. accusation C. suspicion D. risk74. A. efficiently B. carefully C. merrily D. creatively75. A. built B. ruined C. discovered D. recorded76. A. untidy B. ancient C. forgotten D. important77. A. crawl B. experience C. prospection D. exploitation78. A. unknown B. disgusting C. hard D. thick79. A. at last B. in contrast C. in result D. with effort80. A. misery B. result C. reflection D. importanceKeys: (A) 51-55 CADBA 56-60 CDCBA 61-65 BDCDA(B) 66-70 CBADD 71-75 ACDBA 76-80 CBBADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Today’s youth seem content to take the easy route and enjoy the ride of life. When ___41___ situations arise, they often pull a long face and ___42___. How you live your teen years will have a profound impact on the rest of your life. You must learn to utilize (利用) your ___43___ wisely.You may not see it now, ___44___ developing leadership characteristics at a young age is very important. ___45___ we get older, it becomes harder to overcome bad habits and replace them with good ones. Possessing leadership qualities is essential, both in this life and in the world to come.There are certain qualities that one needs to develop in order to become a leader: justice, judgment, dependability, initiative, decisiveness, courage, knowledge and loyalty. You may recognize these as good qualities to have, without realizing how they apply to leadership. The more that these qualities are part of your nature, the more ___46___ and enjoyable your life will be. All of these are qualities that one must possess to one degree or another.___47___ popular opinion, leadership is something that is learned. No one is born a leader. We are all capable of ___48___ the leadership qualities mentioned above—some just choose not to. Of course, not everyone can be the “top dog”, ___49___ all the time. However, everyone does have the capacity to lead in some way—but ___50___ is required!Understand that learning is a fact of life—learning to ride a bike, learning to drive, learning to type, learning mathematics, etc. All of these activities ___51___ action, if we do not ___52___ and develop them, those abilities will never come to perfection.Youth is an excellent time to start developing leadership qualities. ___53___ the time to study each one in detail. Put them into practice as you interact with other people. Determine which areas you are weak in, striving to always improve. Observe the leaders and how they handle situations and carry themselves. Also, study the lives of great leaders. The results will ___54___ you in this life —and ___55___!41. A. comfortable B. tough C. enjoyable D. convenient42. A. shout B. laugh C. complain D. regret43. A. intelligence B. time C. degree D. challenge44. A. but B. while C. for D. since45. A. Before B. After C. As D. Though46. A. efficient B. effective C. sufficient D. productive47. A. In spite of B. Contrary to C. As for D. Regardless of48. A. demanding B. carrying C. exhibiting D. expecting49. A. let alone B. depend on C. start off D. get together50. A. patience B. perseverance C. intelligence D. action51. A. require B. cause C. profit D. set52. A. increase B. exploit C. recall D. demonstrate53. A. Spend B. Take C. Pay D. Consume54. A. serve B. encourage C. charge D. entitle55. A. out B. beyond C. away D. offKeys: 41-45 BCBAC 46-50 DBCAD 51-55 ABBABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Can we do without cash? Since 2015, digital payments in the UK have ____41____ those in cash, and we are invited by the great and the good1to cheer this on. The fully cashless era will be magnificently ____42____, they say, with goods delivered directly to the door: no fumbling(摸索) for change, just tap and go. Some London ____43____ of several chains don’t accept cash any more. Businesses and banks want to ____44____ cash because they have fears of the black market and tax avoidance. Yet we should worry about the ____45____ of cash, because physical money possesses worth far above its face value.Actual ____46____ money, in the hand, teaches us its true value. With cash, what you see is what you have. Exchanging it demands personal engagement and ____47____ the wheels of acommunity. In the shop, the exchange of cash takes time: it involves eye meeting eye. A digital touch payment is done in a(n) ____48____: no human interaction necessary.Without cash, ____49____ gifts of money become impossible: no more helping a fellow passenger with a bus fare, no ____50____ change to charity or beggar. ____51____, the lack of cash means even the most fundamental aspects of etiquette(礼节) are under pressure. Tipping in restaurants is changing beyond recognition. In simpler times, any amount of cash, warmly generous and pointedly small could be left as a reward. In the digital age, any extra money ____52____ to the restaurant account may never reach the staff pocket.Cash is a(n) ____53____ of what money stands for. It promotes independence and engagement. Security concerns are reduced to the age-old matter of keeping hold of what you have. By contrast, a cashless society is a joyless and cold one. People ____54____ treat everything around when they are drawing on the digital service. Besides, cash is a great leveler(平等物). Every penny, pound and bank note sits the same in every hand, _____55_____ in hand and appearance. A pocketful of change is like a gallery of museums. The roses, ostrich feathers and lions on the coins reveal the history that shaped Untied Kingdom. It is really crazy to give up on cash.41. A. prevented B. attempted C. outnumbered D. launched42. A. economic B. elaborate C. deliberate D. convenient43. A. branches B. situations C. minorities D. horizons44. A. work out B. do away with C. turn down D. make out45. A. identification B. justification C. rebirth D. deaths46. A. digital B. physical C. pocket D. current47. A. fuels B. oils C. pulls D. draws48. A. flight B. pause C. flash D. magic49. A. imposing B. impulsive C. inconsiderate D. gracious50. A. loose B. scarce C. steady D. tense51. A. On the other hand B. By contrast C. On the whole D. Worse still52. A. donated B. devoted C. transferred D. removed53. A. reminder B. simplification C. record D. function54. A. indifferently B. sadly C. cruelly D. accordingly55. A. essential B. feasible C. comparably D. identicalKeys: 41-45CDABD 46-50 BBCBA51-55 DCAADIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Deliberate practice refers to a special type of practice that is purposeful and systematic. __ 41__ regular practice might include mindless repetitions, deliberate practice requires focused attention and is conducted with the specific goal of improving __42__.The greatest __ 43 __ of deliberate practice is to remain focused. In the beginning, showing up is the most important thing. But after a while we begin to carelessly __ 44 __ small errors and miss daily opportunities for improvement. This is because the natural tendency of the human brain is to __45__ repeated behaviors into automatic habits. __ 46 __, when you first learned to tie your shoes you had to think carefully about each step of the process. Today, after many repetitions, your brain can perform this sequence __ 47 __. The more we repeat a task the more mindless it becomes.Mindless activity is the __ 48 __ of deliberate practice. The danger of practicing the same thing again and again is that progress becomes __ 49 __. Too often, we think we are getting better simply because we are gaining experience. In __ 50 __, we are merely reinforcing(加强) our current habits — not improving them.Claiming that improvement requires attention and effort sounds logical enough. But what does deliberate practice actually look like in the real world?The first effective feedback system is __ 51 __. This holds true for the number of pages we read, the number of pushups we do, the number of sales calls we make, and any other task that is important to us. It is only through measurement that we have any __ 52 __ of whether we are getting better or worse.The second effective feedback system is coaching. One consistent finding across disciplinesis that coaches are often essential for __ 53 __ deliberate practice. In many cases, it is nearly impossible to both perform a task and measure your progress at the same time. Good coaches can track your progress, find small ways to improve, and hold you __54__ to delivering your best effort each day.Deliberate practice is not a comfortable activity. It requires sustained effort and concentration, but if you can manage to maintain your focus and __ 55 __, then the promise of deliberate practice is quite tempting: to get the most out of what you’ve got.41. A. Since B. Whether C. While D. As42. A. awareness B. performance C. enjoyment D. intelligence43. A. equivalent B. ambition C. challenge D. appeal44. A. overlook B. insert C. detect D. implement45. A. transport B. translate C. transplant D. transform46. A. For example B. On the contrary C. As a result D. On the other hand47. A. carelessly B. accurately C. instantly D. automatically48. A. outcome B. enemy C. source D. substitute49. A. distracted B. imposed C. assumed D. noted50. A. reality B. despair C. contrast D. return51. A. encouragement B. compliment C. measurement D. management52. A. motivation B. proof C. trouble D. concern53. A. resisting B. eliminating C. defining D. sustaining54. A. accountable B. opposed C. addicted D. parallel55. A. existence B. commitment C. dignity D. perspectiveKeys: 41-45 CBCAD 46-50 ADBCA 51-55 CBDABIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.This article is for all of the teenagers out there. Even though ___41___ you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult. Yes, you are ___42___ in many ways: many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would ___43___ many adults. But you probably cannot process caffeine(咖啡因) as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks. But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety, affect tonight’s sleep and tomorrow’s school performance, ___44___ nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol. The following four aspects may well ___45___ the theme of this article.The power of caffeineCaffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable, universally used, even cool, but it still causes ___46___ symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts’ diets.How much is healthy?Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy. ___47___, it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium (钙). Caffeine probably causes the body to release water. And the more caffeinated drinks you consume, the less likely you are to drink water. So experts say that adolescents should consume ___48___ amounts of caffeine a day (≤100 mg).Caffeine’s ___49___According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 65 percent of middle and higher schoolers are ___50___ to insufficient sleep on school nights. Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to (归因于) caffeine, which can remain in the body for seven hours after ___51___, thus causing teens’ worse performance the next day. It is widely assumed that adequate sleep ___52___ proper growth and brain development. During childhood and adolescence, thebrain goes through a period called synaptic pruning(突触修剪) when unnecessary connections are promoted.Caffeine labellingCaffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a ___53___. It may be listed as an ingredient, but the amount is not required. Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum, candy and water, along with makeup and beauty products that ___54___ to reduce swelling (肿块).Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence, so teens, when you consume sweet, caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish (无精打采的), you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult. It is advisable to come up with other ___55___ ways to boost energy so that you can master adulting better than many adults.41. A. potentially B. necessarily C. developmentally D. materially42. A. mature B. experienced C. productive D. disciplined43. A. delight B. frustrate C. liberate D. exclude44. A. promote B. assist C. intensify D. discourage45. A. call for B. account for C. turn to D. appeal to46. A. withdrawal B. addiction C. nutrition D. infection47. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Otherwise48. A. initial B. sufficient C. moderate D. stable49. A. reputations B. confirmations C. implications D. disadvantages50. A. subjected B. alerted C. reduced D. opposed51. A. stimulation B. concentration C. excitement D. consumption52. A. results from B. contributes to C. benefits from D. attends to53. A. therapy B. material C. nutrient D. substitute54. A. fail B. appear C. promise D. happen55. A. instructive B. comprehensive C. extensive D. alternativeKeys: 41-45 CABDB 46-50 ABCDA 51-55 DBCCDⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers 71% of Earth’s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. ___41___ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___42___ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___43___ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated(灌溉) areas this can increase to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its ___44___.Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. ___45___ for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape Town, ___47___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the ___48___ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full—in the same week four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was ___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working ___50___ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. ___51___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.In addition, a ban was placed on using ___52___ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media ___53___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have ___54___. It is a classic example of the problem of watereconomics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The ___55___ of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.41. A. Impact B. Pressure C. Impression D. Observation42. A. recycle B. waste C. consume D. apply43. A. restored B. abstracted C. separated D. preserved44. A. change B. source C. origin D. volume45. A. Competition B. Protection C. Construction D. Regulation46. A. contributing B. regarding C. responding D. referring47. A. in addition B. for example C. on the contrary D. as a result48. A. prospect B. illustration C. symptom D. security49. A. reported B. presented C. predicted D. explained50. A. respectively B. increasingly C. restrictively D. extensively51. A. By comparison B. In other words C. To our surprise D. What’s more52. A. feasible B. drinkable C. inevitable D. influential53. A. campaign B. statement C. presentation D. advertisement54. A. invaded B. liberated C. suffered D. proceeded55. A. change B. theory C. record D. threatKeys: 41-45 BCBDA 46-50 CBACD 51-55 ABACDⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Early decision-you apply to one school, and admission is binding(有法律约束力的)---seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools ___41___ a higher percentage of early-decisionapplicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of being enrolled. And if you do, you’re done with the whole painful process by December. But most students and parents don’t realize that schools have hidden ___42___ for offering early decision.Early decision, since it’s binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows ___43___ committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate(优秀学生率), which is often used as one of the ways to ___44___ college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that this process effectively ___45___ the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under ___46___ admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni (校友) and arguably make a more ___47___ decision.There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great ___48___. When students become too fixated (专注) on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to ___49___severe disappointment if they don't get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further ___50___, may not actually be right for them.Early decision offers a genuine admissions edge, that advantage goes largely to students who already have ___51___ advantages. The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher-quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background. ___52___, there’s an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how(招生诀窍) to ___53___ figure out the often confusing early deadlines.Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably ___54___ under early decision. But for students who haven't yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early-decision system needlessly and prematurely ___55____ the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.41. A. let in B. turn down C. make up D. give away42. A. dangers B. costs C. assumptions D. purposes43. A. admissions B. joint C. inquiry D. investigative44. A. detail B. measure C. achieve D. represent45. A. neglects B. provides C. shortens D. marks46. A. future B. regular C. random D. compulsory47. A. informed B. honoured C. imposed D. complicated48. A. fit B. aid C. hit D. net49. A. therefore B. otherwise C. however D. furthermore50. A. comment B. enhancement C. implication D. reflection51. A. mutual B. favourite C. numerous D. temporary52. A. In other words B. In this regard C. In particular D. In brief53. A. hesitantly B. relatively C. deliberately D. efficiently54. A. consult B. volunteer C. adjust D. apply55. A. occupies B. encloses C. narrows D. exploresKeys: 41-45 ADABC 46-50 BAABD 51-55 CBDDCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary tree that is distinct from the one that led to mans. But they constantly astonish researchers with ___41___ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and ___42___ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren't free to breed themselves.A new study further ___43___ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones ___44___ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for ___45___ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket（蟋蟀) with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more ___ 46___ explanationOne possibility is that an individual practices ___ 47___ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By ___ 48___ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may ___49___ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior ___50___ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of ___51___ partners. Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) ___52___. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the ___53___ appeared to be trueAnthropologists (人类学家) from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often, in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time. When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time.” Our results show that he lping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or ___54___ avoidance, “ the study authors reported Rather, it is driven by a deep-down motivation to help that is more ___55___ expressed when individuals are alone with young.”41.A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual42.A. evolving B communicating C organizing D. parenting43.A shines B damages C. affects D protests44.A. at play B in private C. on schedule D by accident45.A. adequate B effective C. continual D. mutual46.A. creative B complex C specific D. official47.A. generosity B wisdom C independence D governance48.A. promising B demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining49.A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from50. A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes51. A. regular B. dominant C. potential D. previous52. A. atmosphere B. audience C. feedback D. judge53. A. statistics B. expectation C. argument D. opposite54. A. responsibility B. punishment C. arrangement D. difficulty55. A. strongly B. causally C. delicately D. fearlesslyKeys: 41 -45 CDABD 36-50 CABCA 51-55 CBDBAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For centuries, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clock by this apparent ___41___ time, even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time (DST), sometimes called summer time, was ___42___ to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to ___43___ daylight.Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as an American delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it ___44___ in his essay, “An Economical Project.” It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the ___45___, Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.In England, builder William Willett (1857–1915) became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds(百叶窗) of many houses were ___46___ on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce ___47___ a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory(义务) to ___48___ the clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mostly from farmers. ___49___, in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.The U.S. Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and ___50___ and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent. This act also devised(制定) five time ___51___ throughout the United States: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska. The first time zone was set on “the mean astronomical time of the seventy-fifth degree of longitude west from Greenwich” (England). In 1919, this act was abandoned.President Roosevelt established year-round Daylight Saving Time (also called War Time) from 1942–1945. However, after this period, each state ___52___ its own DST, which proved to be ___53___ to television and radio broadcasting and transportation. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson created the Department of Transportation and signed the Uniform Time Act. As a result, the Department of Transportation was given the responsibility for the time laws. During the oil embargo(禁运) and energy crisis of the 1970s, President Richard Nixon ___54___ DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further. This law was ___55___ in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April (to spring ahead) and end on the last Sunday in October (to fall back).41.A. popular B. solar C. particular D. singular42.A. employed B. evaluated C. distributed D. contributed43.A. fruitful B. full C. beautiful D. normal44.A. negatively B. alternatively C. extensively D. aggressively45.A. journalist B. physicist C. chemist D. economist46.A. closed B. opened C. fixed D. installed47.A. introduced B. restricted C. donated D. deleted48.A. stop B. adjust C. wind D. mend49.A. Permanently B. Eventually C. Unfortunately D. Theoretically50.A. reserve B. persevere C. preserve D. observe51.A. places B. districts C. zones D. territories52.A. interrupted B. tempted C. imported D. adopted53.A. pleasing B. confusing C. convincing D. comforting54.A. extended B. afforded C. abandoned D. defended55.A. assembled B. combined C. abused D. modifiedKeys: 41-45 BADCD 46-50 AABBC 51-55 CDBADⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.After my public lectures on evolution, someone in the audience asks, “Are we still evolving?”People want to know if humans are getting taller, smarter, better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but ___41___: We’re almost certainly evolving, but don’t know in what ___42___ or how fast.We’ve seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia, but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences. For example, we know that during the past 10,000 years, several populations of humans — those keeping sheep, cows or goats for milk— gained the ability to digest dairy products. This quality was ___43___ useless in our earlier ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk. And in the past 3,000 years, Tibetans have acquired ___44___ genetic adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But these well-documented changes are limited to particular populations, so the ___45___ evidence for recent evolution of our entire species, remains not much.The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” ___46___ disagree. Not only, they claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we’re doing it to ourselves. Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have ___47___ controlled evolution — not just in our own species but virtually in allspecies: “For better or worse, we are increasingly in charge. We are the primary drivers of ___48___ change. We will directly and indirectly determine what lives, what dies, where, and when. We are in a different phase of evolution: the future of life is now ___49___ in our hands.”According to the authors, we’ve replaced natural selection with what they call “___50___unnatural selection.” Overfishing, for example, has reduced the average size of many fish species, for taking the biggest fish is ___51___ those smaller fishes.Yet while there’s no doubt that we’re changing the planet, the claim that we’re completely changing evolution on the planet ___52___does not follow. Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger for example. This ___53___phenomenon has been documented in many species that we eat, but this is just a minuscule fraction(极小的一部分) of the 30,000 known species of fish.The authors speak with ___54___unwarranted assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything. When they claim, for example, our ingestion(摄取) of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that “our children’ s brains are evolving fast,” they are abusing(滥用) the word “___55___evolution.” Out children’s brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological(药理学的)environment, but change alone is not evolution.41. A. instructive B. disappointing C. decisive D. conflicting42. A. direction B. region C. frequency D. condition43. A. beneficial B. adaptable C. unique D. useless44. A. unproved B. changeable C. genetic D. mysterious45. A. study B. evidence C. interest D. implication46. A. disagree B. support C. follow D. approve47. A. delayed B. overdone C. neglected D. controlled48. A. unbalance B. disaster C. change D. disturbance49. A. in our hands B. out of order C. in peace D. out of control50. A. destructive B. unnatural C. adventurous D. emotional51. A. by means of B. at the cost of C. in favor of D. for the protection of52. A. makes no sense B. makes great impressionC. calls attentionD. comes to an end53. A. problem B. mistake C. phenomenon D. obstacle54. A. strong B. baseless C. sensitive D. persuasive55. A. environment B. technology C. exposure D. evolutionKeys: 41-45 BADCB 46-50 ADCAB 51-55 CACBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or; phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is ___41___.Social scientists are of course ___42___ interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clear answers yet, but two ___43___ schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between ___44___ of each theory. The controversy(争论) is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.Those who ___45___ the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are ___46___ determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is ___47___ to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our ___48___.Supporter s of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, ___49___, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely ___50___ by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to ___51___ stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behaviour.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are ___52___ . In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status t han whites are. Behaviorists, ___53___, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same ___54___ that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. As a matter of fact, it is quite ___55___ that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42. A. moderately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. scarcely43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instincts49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. behaviorists50. A. shaped B. dominated C. oppressed D. restricted51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54. A. habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55. A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelyKeys: 41-45 CBADB 46-50 BCDDA 51-55 ADABDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.You’ve been painting for a few years, and maybe you have even sold a painting or two. Are you ready to ___41___ the title of an amateur artist?Distinguishing green hand from professional artists is ___42___ task. It is not just a matter of your ability to create nice paintings. It’s not only about painting techniques. And for most cases, it doesn’t happen ___43___. Very few artists become overnight success without years of struggle and suffering.To turn professional, people find it critical to develop a personal style. What makes your paintings ___44___ among other paintings out there? Are your paintings standing out unmistakably directed to you as the creator? A personal style comes along with technique, painting medium, and subject and it tends to develop gradually over time. You ___45___ it through unconscious and constant exploring and self-shaping. Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium. Salvador Dali used to use many artistic media, but they all have a ___46___ Dali style. Style refers to the emotions and thoughts delivered by your paintings, which people can identify with. Their ___47___ of the painter is then a sure thing.Artists talk about their ___48___ all of the time. What gets you out of bed every morning to paint? How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting? ___49___, we all love to do what we do and we get a satisfaction out of creating. For the professional artist, it goes beyond that. Some artists wish to convey a deep message concerning life, society or even politics. Others simply seek ___50___ returns to cover k ids’ tuition fees or pay family bills. Yet, all professional artists know that they have to keep working to achieve the goals.Many amateur artists passively wait for ___51___ to come. If they are not in the mood, they do not bother wasting the time. They sometimes allow themselves to be occupied by events like parties. Professionals are never easily ___52___ or torn away from their art work in progress. Focused on their work so much, some even regard spending time outside their ___53___ as crime ___54___ is their secret to high productivity.Besides, professional artists are constantly prepared to grab new ideas for the next painting, which they believe is sure to be better than the previous one. The belief that there is always room。
2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对
One【2019届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research. Drones (无人机)hold huge 41 in the fight to save the world ' s remaining wildlife from extinction. So researcherscan now track wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans. It ' s that up to five living species become extinct every day, making it urgent that universities develop new technologies to capture the data that can persuade 42 to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to 43the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable (易受伤害的)species and ecosystems. Speakers underlined how technology can help 44: drones can circle high abovethe ocean to spot whales, while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species. According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University, technology is changinghow preservation research is done —— but it ' s in a(n)45 way. As technology gets better andcheaper, researchers become better at doing what they were already doing. 46, remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses global positioning system (GPS) for surveying.But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university 47. Some teach dronesurveying methods in depth while others don ' t even mention them. " The fact is, using drones isquite a(n)48 to the interdisciplinary (跨学科的) 'unknown ' of engineering, and potentiallyan area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet, 'Serge Wich, an expert in primate biology says. " Students ghe about 49 technologies such as automatic sound recorders,but drones are often missing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchers is still fairly 50 and focused on getting photos. ”Wich ' s team of researchers useddchniques to develop a fully automated drone technologysystem that 51 and monitors the health of endangered animals globally. It ' s designed to b cheap, stable and simple to use, so that local communities in developing countries can operate it52 without technical background. Yet it ' not more widely used on the grounds ofresearchers ' lack of skills to use this technology. In biology, where drones are used, few can program an algorithm （算法）specifically for their preservation or research problem. "There much that needs to be done to 53 those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that peoplewho can ' t program can still use the technology, " Wich says.54, the sad truth is that better technology alone will not save any more species from dying out, Greengrass warns. " As human populations increase, so do threats and pressure on wildplaces. Preservationists are 55 for not doing enough but it ' often an issue of people,conflict and governance. " Technologylpnprovide far greater knowledge, but governmentsstill need to act.41. A. shortage B. threats C. potential D. responsibilities42. A. researchers B. authorities C. opponents D. professionals43. A. highlight B. overlook C. assess D. calculate44. A. education B. preparation C. preservation D. distinction45. A. evolutionary B. flexible C. virtual D. dramatic46 A. As a result B. In conclusion C. On the contrary D. For example47. A. differs B. equals C. multiplies D. struggles48. A. obstacle B. leap C. equivalent D. exception49. A. ill-intentioned B. fully-prepared C. well-established D. narrowly-applied50. A. definite B. vague C. simple D. limited51. A. controls B. tracks C. supervises D. improves52. A. earnestly B. independently C. secretly D. impersonally53. A. bridge B. fix C. dismiss D. grasp54. A. Therefo__^^| B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise55. A. fired B. insulted C. qualified D. criticizedKeys: 41-45 CBACA 46-50 DABCD 51-55 BBACDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How comfortable are you around water? Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to keep your head above water? Are you comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do you prefer to move into shallow water where the bottom is 41?Most people expose themselves to water and swimming situations according to their42 levels of skill and comfort. The same might be true as you assess your comfort levelwith different academic environments 43 a good college "fit " . Just as you might study abody of water to figure out its temperature, depth and current before venturing in, you need to44 the difficulties, pace and depth of an academic environment — and your ability to keepyour " head above water " if adrbetede deciding to apply.When looking at academic difficulties as a(n)45 of " fit ” , you are li kely to find that you have the capacity to "ge t he job done" academically in a range of college environments.46, you are not likely to have difficulty with the " water " itself. You will fit best, however,at colleges and universities where your ability and preparation enable you to rise to new levels of47 .Your goal should be to find academic environments where your levels of ability and preparation will enable you to achieve well as you stretch yourself 48. These places represent appropriate "bodies of water " for you academically.The best 49 of comprehension regarding your preparedness to meet the academicrequirements of various colleges and universities are your high school teachers. Because they are very familiar with your capabilities, your teachers can offer 50 help in identifying the colleges where you will find the best academic programs for you.Assuming you are able to find appropriate environments academically, you then need to assess the 51 of your school reports for admission to those colleges. How does your academic record (grades and test scores) pile up against those of other students who will be52, most (about 90%) of whom are just like you in that they can do the work too?You need to be honest in 53 this part of the picture, especially if you are consideringcolleges that can be highly selective and tend to admit very small percentages of the students who apply. A lot of students get in over their heads competitively when they fail to consider the realodds of gaining admission. While you might feel you are a 54 candidate at schools that canbe very choosy, the reality is that you need to be in the top 25 percent of applicant pools at such schools to have a fighting chance of being admitted. By the way, you don' 55 your chances of getting into at least one such school by applying to a dozen of them!41. A. tough B. mysterious C. visible D. different 42. A. explosiveB. respectiveC. potentialD. reasonable 43. A. on behalf of B. in the place of C. in case of D. in search of 44. A. observe B. overcome C. investigate D. complete 45. A. indication B. implication C. innovation D. intention 46. A. In addition B. In other words C. By comparison D. By contrast 47. A. continent B. contribution C. challenge D. conscience 48. A. considerately B. traditionally C. influentially D. intellectually 49. A. sources B. origins C. concerns D. demands 50. A. continuous B. invaluable C. powerless D. unforgettable 51. A. reliability B. alternative C. competitiveness D. recommendation 52. A. applying B. considering C. comparing D. persisting 53. A. appreciating B. assessing C. presenting D. comprehending 54. A. flexible B. positive C. feasible D. progressive 55. A. graspB. changeC. createD. increaseKeys: 41-45 CBDCA46-50 BCDAB 51-55 CABBDIII. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize（苦苦思索） over projects at work, and even worryabout small errors from the past. High 41 are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers havediscovered,42 perfection canhave serious consequences to mental and physical well-being.Since perfectionism is 43 with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes ___44___ to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn ' t mean being unsuccessful. 45, mistakes are an important part of learning and growing. 46, imperfection can actually help us in the long run.One possible 47 to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindset （思维方式）.Researchers at Stanford University have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a key way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with 48 mindsets --- who see their skill levels as inborn and unchangeable, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a 49 role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towardsfailure: they can praise their children for making an effort even if their results are imperfect and help children learn to 50 when they make mistakes.Another 51 option for perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion （自我同情）.Tounderstand self-compassion, thank about how you would 52 a close friend if they made amistake. Chances are that you ' （probably make responses with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves 53 when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of beinghuman, and avoid being 54 by negative emotions. Self-compassion can be beneficial formental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate ways. If you ' re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try.Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive （认知的）behavioral therapy can be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning 55, and replacing self-criticism with self- compassion, it ' s possibleto overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself.41. A. risks B. values C. profits D. standards42. A. identifying B. mirroring C. concealing D. pursuing43. A. hardened B. associated C. compared D. replaced44. A. hesitant B. courageous C. desperate D.bound45. A. for instance B. By contrast C. In fact D. On average46. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead47. A. obstacle B. alternative C. attitude D. equivalent48. A. various B. fixed C. positive D.keen49. A. casual B. creative C. crucial D. changeable50. A. persevere B. scheme C. negotiate D. survive51. A. potential B. conditional C. unique D. sustainable52. A. compete with B. run after C. respond to D. argue with53. A. favorably B. kindly C. accordingly D. differently54. A. promoted B. inspired C. monitored D. consumed55. A. skills B. outcomes C. levels D. opportunitiesKeys: 41~45 DDBAC 46~50 ABBCA 51~55 ACBDDFour【2019届上海市长宁区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping it in the family"You understand grandmother when she talks to you, don ' t you, darling? I " The girl nods. met her, her Danish mother and English father on a plane to Japan. The parents were eager to41 their experience of bringing up their daughter bilingually（使用双语地）in London. Itisn ' easy: the husband does not speak Japanese, so the child hears the language only from hermother, who has come to 42 that she will reply in English. This can be painful. Not sharingyour first language with loved ones is hard. Not passing it on to your own child can be especiallytough. Many immigrant parents feel a sense of 43.Children are languages easily, but this doesn ' t mean that exposure is enough. They must hear a language quite a bit to understand it — and use it often to be able to speak it comfortably. This is mental work, and a child who doesn an intention haspeak a languagewill often avoid it. So languages often die when parents move abroad. In the past, governments discouraged immigrant families from keeping their languages. These days, officials tend to be45; some even see a valuable resource in immigrants ' language abilities. Yet many factorsensure that children still lose their parents ' languages, or never learn them.A big one is institutional 46 . A child ' s time spent with a second language is time notspent on their first. So teachers often discourage parents from speaking their languages to their children. Parents often 47 obey, worried about their children' seducation. This is a(n)48, for children really can master two languages or even more. Research does indeedsuggest their vocabulary in each language may be somewhat smaller for a while. But other studieshint at intellectual advantages among bilinguals. They may be more skillful at complex tasks, better at maintaining attention.Even without those side-effects,49 , a bilingual child ' s connection to another cultureis a good thing in itself. How to 50? When both parents share the native language, thestrategy is often to speak that at home, and the national language outside. But when they have51languages, perhaps the most common approach is " one parent, one language " . Fran?oi Grosjean, a language expert from Switzerland,52 the necessity. He recommends reservingoccasions on which the only language that may be spoken is the one that needs 53. SabineLittle, a language expert at the University of Sheffield, puts the emphasis elsewhere. Making thenative language yet another task 54 by parents can lead to rejection, she argues. Sherecommends letting the child form their own 55 connection to the language, for languagesare not just another thing to be drilled into a young mind, but a matter of the heart.41. A. conceal B. publicize C. discuss D. imagine42. A. accept B. argue C. decide D. ensure43. A. excitement B. inferiority C. failure D. injustice44. A. momentary B. maximum C. repeated D. continued45. A. less stimulated B. less controlling C. more relieved D. more discouraging46. A. engagement B. feature C. prejudice D. pressure47. A. cheerfully B. faithfully C. immediately D. reluctantly48. A. instance B. shame C. ambition D. suggestion49. A. though B. hence C. besides D. otherwise50. A. keep it up B. carry it on C. figure it out D. bring it about51. A. multiple B. different C. foreign D. target52. A. removes B. challenges C. emphasizes D. ignores53. A. performed B. imposed C.shared D. recommended54. A. skillful B. powerful C. apparent D. emotionalKeys: 41-45 CACAB 46-50 DDBAD 51-55 BCABDFive [2019届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试题] 一III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Students in Caldwell, Idaho, can attend class in their pajamas（睡衣）！ At Vallivue Virtual Academy, courses are taught online. Students work at home with parents, who serve as learning coaches. A certified teacher 41 the students ' progress.The cyber school was 42 as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade8 who have trouble succeeding in the district ' s43 public school. Supporters of the program say that virtual schools help students avoid the social pressures that can 44 withlearning. In addition, supporters argue, online courses provide kids with more focused 45 and course options than they can get in a typical school.Not everyone gives cyber schools a passing grade, however. Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make friends. Many parents also feel that cyber schools put 46 time demands on them because they have to oversee their kids 'dailywork.Technology can benefit education, but it shouldn 47"education. Students who go to virtual schools will miss many of the benefits of being in a real school.If kids attend school online, they will miss out on important social 48. Paytonsays Angela Goscilo, a seniorfrom Pound Ridge, N.Y. cloh "We need to dev e chn(blogy skills that will help us in whatever we Mcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, III ., agrees. "I don ' t know how I could sit at a computer all day without 49 interacting with my peers and teachers," he says.In addition, virtual schools don' have enough structure. Students who take online courses can set their own schedules, which will cause problems for students who have trouble staying 50.Furthermore, online schooling puts stress on parents because they have to 51 whattheir kids do at home. Many parents have full Time jobs. How are they going to run their children education, 52 in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?Virtual schools will make it harder for students to learn and will put too much pressure on parents.Virtual learning does not need to replace classroom learning ________ 53 _____ , but it can help students work at their own pace. If students struggle with subjects, they can take those coursesonline and spend more time on them. Virtual schools can also offer students much more54schedules.Studentsoftenhandle extracurricular activities, sports, and schoolwork, and cyber schools could help them manage everything.Finally, attending virtual school can prepare students for college and for work after 55." We need to be responsible for working on our own, do. Getting an early start is a good idea.41. A. oversees B. suspected C. admitted D. predicted 42. A. tolerated B. launched C. undergone D. t ransformed 43. A. virtual B. superior C. traditional D. specialized 44. A. agree B. put up C. goD. i nterfere 45. A. attention B. definition C. foundation D. i nstruction 46. A. unlimited B. uncivilized C. unrealistic D. u naffected 47. A. turn to B. take over C. take in D. m ake up 48. A. interactions B. education C. occupation D. i dentification 49. A. actually B. presently C. naturally D. logically 50. A. examined B. motivated C. exhausted D. represented51. A. compliment B. award C. supervise D. tempt 52. A. negotiate B. innovate C. control D. excel 53. A. entirely B. partially C. regularly D. purposely 54. A. sustainableB. flexibleC. relevantD. optimistic 55. A. schoolB. studyC. graduationD. educationKeys: 41-45 ABCDD 46-50 CBAAB 51-55 CDABCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People hold different views on almost anything, mainly because of the culture we are familiarwith or the education we have received. We live in a 41 world where people are quick topoint out the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguidedsouls believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure youreally are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.So what is the possible solution to 42? If you are the one forcing others to feel43 themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision rather than 44 the negative aspectof a person ' s performance or attitudes. You ' ll offer helpfiomugheesegiming. If I ' mpainting our living room and 45 in doing so, I would like my h usband to say to me, " Thisis a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you? ” rather than have point out what a 46 painter I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.If you are on the 47 end of criticism, the " OK' response is a perfect WHetton.someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a(n)48 response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it putsboth parties on the 49. Instead, simply reply with " OK' T his brief one-word response50 the other person ' s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in adebate about it.It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen上海市各区2019届高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编终结版：完型填空without feeling, to be a(n) 51 observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a 52review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did Igive 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic (习惯性 的)criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their53 when necessary. 54, one can learn to be " OK' with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with theother party. Examine it for any potential 55, and then let it go and just be" OK'.41. A. dependent B. judgmental C. selfish D. creative 42. A. criticism B. imperfection C. failure D. unawareness 43. A. devoted toB. connected withC. ashamed ofD. concerned about 44. A.turn downB. get rid ofC. cover upD. focus on45. A. making a messB. asking for troubleC. having funD. offering a helpful hand46. A. considerate B. careless C. humble D. modest 47. A. forcing B. receiving C. criticizing D. advising 48. A. avoidable B. meaningless C. extreme D. natural 49. A. impolite B. dangerous C. defensive D. regretful 50. A. ignores B. acknowledges C. eliminates D. declines 51. A. active B. initiative C. creative D. objective 52. A. reasonable B. agreeable C. negative D. instructive 53. A. praise B. presence C. comment D. help 54. A. In any case B. On the contrary C. To begin with D. For instance 55. A. harmB. conflictC. obstacleD. truthIII. Reading ComprehensionKeys: 41-45 BACDA46-50 BBDCB 51-55 DCBADSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are 41 to post the resultsof their own labours online.Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository （库），and astronomers are accustomed to 42 imagesof galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects -- but these remain the 43, not the rule. Historically, scientists have44 sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist;grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the 45 are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwideare encouraging scientists to make their data 46. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to 47 a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve Funding agencies n ote that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products 48 and enable other researchers to discover andcite （引用）them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the 49 advantages of sharing, thepractice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved 50 and increased citations. The most successful sharers -- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often -- get noticed, and their work gets used.51, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been 52 5,700 times.Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of trees. "I ' d much prefer to have my data use>y the 53 number of people to asktheir own questions, " she says. It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be 54."Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize andlabel files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding 55 later on.Keys: 41-45 BACDB46-50 DABCA 51-55 CABCB41. A. restricted B. reluctant C. desperate D. generous42. A. accessing B. processing C. analyzing D. identifying43. A. assumption B. mystery C. exception D. phenomenon44. A. longed for B. appealed to C. focused on D. objected to45. A. symptoms B. barriers C. advantages D. consequences46. A. controllable B. unique C. reliable D. public47. A. shift away from B. end up with C. give rise to D. build up48. A. secretly B. digitally C. ethically D. fairly49. A. material B. individual C. moral D. economic50. A. visibility B. awareness C. condition D. confidence51. A. On the contrary B. As a result C. For example D. After all52. A. downloaded B. updated C. optimized D. addressed53. A. moderate B. maximum C. average D. estimated54. A. reversible B. profitable C. reproducible D. recognizable55. A. crisis B. confusion C. risk D. conflictEight【2019届上海市静安区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly 41 in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.41.A valued42.A. regulations43.A. shortcut B. accessedB. virtuesB. implicationC. implementedC. obligationsC. rewardD.illustratedD.Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic 42 such ashard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the43 to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in thecountry ' s economy.The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have 44 prices. When the government have tostep in and 45 the worst of these events.American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under 46 natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of therichest soil in the world. Rainfall is 47 over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.Increasing use of high-quality 48 labor also have contributed to the success of Americanagriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers 49 plows or harvesters. One farmer canmanage large lands of farms. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists 50 it. Computers track farm operations, and even 51 technologyis utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control,52. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often 53 the general economy. When negativefactors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to push farms over the edge into a(n)54 situation. The government responded with 55 agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.。
(完整版)2019上海高考英语一模语法填空汇编含答案,推荐文档
上海高考英语题型训练: 语法填空2019 年高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查II. Grammar and VocabularySection A, Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Unit 1, 宝ft区：Ten-year-old Annemarie Johansen lives with her family in Copenhagen, Denmark. There are soldiers on the streets, and the c ountry (21) (occupy)by the Nazis. There isn't enough to eat, and the world is at war. Then the Nazis decideto "relocate" the country's Jewish population. The Danes don't know (22)their friends and neighbors are being taken away. They don't know where they are going, either. But they do know that it is wrong and dangerous and that they must help.Number the Stars is a very powerful novel. During World War II, the Nazis (23) (kill) millions of people in Europe. Many of those people were Jewish.But in Denmark, almost all of the Jewish population was saved. Number the Stars is a work of fiction, but it tells the true story of t he Jewish(24) (rescue)during the war. The moving plot is driven by justice, danger and excitement. But the book also deals with significant ideas that are m uch (25) (big)than the story itself.Annemarie must learn that evil doesn't just appear in fairy tales. It's a real thing that affects real people. She must also struggle with questions of loyalty and sacrifice. Who would she die to protect? And is she brave enough (26) (make) that sacrifice? Most importantly, Annemarie learns t hat (27) (be) brave doesn't mean being fearless. It means doing the right thing despite the f act (28) you are afraid, That's heavy stuff for a children's novel.I have taught Number the Stars to many classes at many different levels. It has always been a popular choice. It uses simple language and sentences. It is easy to read and provides clear examples of literary techniques like foreshadowing(预示). But it is also interesting, and the characters a re (29) (engage). The plot is full of tension.Lois Lowry. The author, has written award-winning novels for young people. Number the Stars is a remarkable example of the talent (30) has made her so celebrated.21. is occupied 22. why 23.killed 24. rescued 25. bigger26. to make 27. being 28. that 29. engaging 30. that/whichUnit 2, 长宁区：Planting PatriotismYoung boys are not easily shocked, but 12-year-old Preston Sharp sure knows the feeling. “Yeah, I was surprised and even disappointed, ” Preston said , Preston’s mom , April Sharp said , “It is the first t ime I（21）（see）him like this angry and passionate.”What upset her son so much was visiting his grandpa’s grave in Redding, California ,and realizing that not every veteran(老兵) in the cemetery has a flag. So April told him “son, (22) you are going to complain about something, you have to do something about it or let it go”Next thing April knew, Preston was taking on odd jobs and asking for donations（23 (buy) flags and flowers for every veteran in his grandpa’s cemetery. And when that cemetery(24) (cover), he moved on to another, and then another.Here we are，nearly three years and about 65,000 graves later. He does it every week(25) the weather is like，rain or shine---especially rain，” They were out there in the rain doing their j ob, (26) (protect)us，” Preston said，His devotion is infections.When word gets out(27) Preston will be at a cemetery---he has a Facebook page，Preston Sharp/Vet flags and Flowers---people，like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland, feel(28) (oblige)to join in, ”It’s amazing，” Loveland said.” What he’s doing b rings (29) out because we can’t believe a young man in this country is doing what he does, ”It is a movement of young and old, of those who served and those who are so grateful for what they did, all led by a proud grandson(30) saw an injustice and decided to do something about it.21. have seen 22.if/when/whenever 23. to buy 24.was covered/had been covered 25 .whatever 26. protecting 27.that 28. obliged 29. us 30. who/thatUnit 3, 崇明区Electric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery WorkersA ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.Electric bicycles, or “e-bikes,” look like regular bicycles, but they have electric- powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21) (fast).(22) it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not legal to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as the reason (23) the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24) (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for breaking the ban. The police (25) also seize the bikes.Many of New York’s delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long h ours (26) (earn) enough money to live on.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality work (27)their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people r efuse to pay for the food, which makes the workers’ supervisors angry.Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New YorkDelivery Workers Union. He says (28) (catch) breaking the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.Do Lee is with the Biking Public P roject, (29) provides assistance to bicycle-related worker s in New York City. He says the city’s ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the city’s Latino and Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30) e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe.21. faster 22. Although/Though/While 23. for 24. meant 25. can26. to earn 27. because/as/since 28. being caught 29. which 30. thatUnit 4, 奉贤区To Be Joyful, To Be YoungWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle? It’s probably not what you think. In the past 30 years of conducting clinical research, I (21) (learn) that real keys are pleasure, joy and freedom. Joy of living is sustainable; fear of dying is not.Why? Because life is to be enjoyed. There’s no point (22) (abandon) something you enjoy unless you get something back that’s even better, and quickly. When people eat more healthfully, (23) (quit) smoking, and manage stress better, they find they feel so much better, so quickly. It reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.When you exercise and eat right, your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen, so you become smarter, have more energy, and need less sleep. Two studies showed just walking for three hours per week for only three months caused so many neurons (神经细胞) (24) (grow) that it actually increased the size of people’s brains!Your face receives more blood flow, so your skin glows more and wrinkles less. You look younger and more attractive. In contrast, an unhealthy diet, lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your f ace (25)you age more quickly. Smoking speeds up aging because nicotine contributes to your blood vessel becoming narrower, (26) decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely. This is why smokers look years older than they really are.One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers’ awareness of stress was more important than (27) was objectively occurring in their lives. (28)(give) a questionnaire, the women were asked to rate on a three-point scale how stressed they felt each day. The women who realized they were under heavy stress had significantly shortened and damaged telomeres（染色体端粒）compared with (29) who felt more relaxed. Contrarily, some of the women who felt relaxed (30) raising a disabled child had more normal-appearing telomeres.In other words, if you feel stressed, you are stressed.21. have learned 22. abandoning 23. quit 24.to grow 25. so that 26. which27. what 28. Given/Having been given 29. those 30. despite/though/although Unit 5, 虹口区Dear headmaster,On hearing the news that a Reading Festival is to be held on campus on the World Book and Copyright Day and the possible project is open to be recommended, I (21) hardly wait to write to you, sharing my humble opinions.As far as I’m concerned, the theme of the festival can be “sharing”, primarily (22) (consist) of three parts. Firstly, the festival can start with a 30-minute discussion where groups of students can exchange and share what they (23) (expose) to recently, expressing themselves freely. Following this section is the speech. Teacher and student representatives previously selected by us are to share and recommend the book they think really deserving to be read. It’s needless to say that the last sharing section which is the most meaningful is donation, during (24) time everyone present, teachers or students, is expected to donate one or more books to the library. As for w hen (25) (hold) the activity, the afternoon may be an ideal choice so that it won’t interrupt our classes.My advice is justified by the following reasons. First and foremost, it is in the group discussion and exchange that we students can have a thorough idea (26) our peers are reading for the moment, serving as a driving force for our own reading journey. So it is (27) the books recommended. Named by those “idols” in our mind, they will definitely win our heart. As for the donation, the benefits are exactly self-evident. (28) can we share beyond our class or even beyond our school, developing a good campus tradition, but (29) (importantly), these books which are sure to be dusted on our shelves can now be of more value.I’m looking forward to your favorable reply. And (30) is my sincere hope that the festival can be a great success and we can gain a lot from it.Yours, Amy Young21. can 22. consisting 23. have been exposed 24. which 25. to hold26. what 27. with 28. Not only 29. more importantly 30. itUnit 6, 黄浦区Just How Buggy is Your Phone?What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say 21 toilet seat, you’re wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean t hem.In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone’s owner reported the theft before 22（die）from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms a nd finally 23 （confess）to the crime.24 in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look atthe surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars? “That's all you,” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell. “That’s biological information.”It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from 25 of your friends and family. They’re like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants’ homes, 26 countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. I n an 27 （early）study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who 28 （use）a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.One day, microbial signatures m ight show 29 people have gone andwhat they have touched. They could prove 30 an unmarked device is y ours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you?21. the 22. dying 23.confessed 24. Although/Though 25. those26. from 27. earlier 28. had used 29. where 30. thatUnit 7, 嘉定区People are being lured(引诱) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, (21) realizing that they’re paying for it by giving up plenty of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their datato advertisers that want to send (22) (target) messages.Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no i dea (23) they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook — you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules (24) many things—your city, your photo, your friends’ names — were set, by default（默认）, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “(25)(satisfying) experience.”Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, (26) involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they are connecting with their friends online?So far the privacy issue (27) (land) Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set regulations for social-networking sites.I suspect that whatever Facebook has d one (28) (invade) our privacy is only the beginning, which is why I’m considering (29) (cancel) my account.Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that (30) information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.21. without 22. targeted 23. what 24. so that 25. less satisfying 26. which 27. has landed 28. to invade 29. cancel(l)ing 30. my Unit 8, 金ft区However depressed you may be feeling now, if you look back, there certainly will have been events that made you happy—maybe the time (21) you bought your first bicycle or you were awarded a scholarship. When good things happen, we feel excited, proud and happy.But the problem is, happiness doesn’t usually last. The excitement of that first bicycle purchase wears off, and the pride in the scholarship gives way to the stress of performing (22) (well) on the next exam.Psychologists call this phenomenon hedonic adaptation (享乐适应症)—that is, (23)good something makes us feel, most of the time we drift back to (24) we started. An often (25) (quote) example is that lottery winners are no happier than non-winners eighteen months after their win.But don’t despair. It is possible to make happiness last. Psychologists have found two anti-adaptation tools that are effective in sustaining happiness: variety and appreciation.Variety is, as we all know, the spice of life. But it’s also a useful weapon (26) adaptation. Positive changes that (27) (experience) in a variety of ways are more likely to lead to lasting happiness. For example, you will feel happier about your volunteer work (28) you are able to cope with new tasks every week. The second tool, appreciation, is in many ways the opposite of adaptation. It’s about focusing on something, instead of letting it fade into the background. It is only when you appreciate s omething (29) an enduring feeling of happiness will follow.Human beings spend a lot of time figuring out what makes them happy, but not enough time (30) (try) to hang on to the happiness they already h ave. This is like focusing all your energy on making more money, without giving any thought to what you will do with the money. The key to happiness is to not only look for new opportunities but also to make the most of the ones you’ve been given. 21. when 22.better 23. no matter how 24. where 25. quoted26. against 27. are experienced 28. if 29. that 30. tryingUnit 9, 静安区“I love the work and experience I’ve gained, but I am frustrated by the disorganized management. Also, I’ve been told I can’t ask for more money. I can get a new job with more pay, but will (21) (leave) within a year hurt my professional reputations?”The answer is , “it depends”.When we choose to leave a new job early, it sends the messagethat(22) is terribly wrong, especially in the current economicclimate(23) unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs. Thatmeans you will somehow look s uspicious (24) you say about the leave. Saying the work is great but you don’t like management or the pay won’t go over well with employers. To them, it sounds a bit selfish and needy. No doubt, they (25) (question) your ability to be patient or be a good team players.Employers dislike people who are unhappy in job after less than a year. It implies impatience and lack of appreciation for the employer. Plus, you’re getting paid to do work you actually like, so they 26 assume that you can’t put up with a little disorganization. And speaking of pay, most companies work 27 an annual review basis, so suddenly asking for more money doesn’t work for their b udgets. So, what’s the solution?Focus on your desire 28（develop）professionally.“It’s a touch decision to leave this great company. I love the work I am doing. However, it29（make）clear to me that there is no room for me to grow my skills as a professional. My fear is if I stay, I w ill become 30（competitive）down the line. I want to move to a company where I can take my skills and abilities to the next level and create even more value for my employer.”21. leaving 22. it/ something 23. where 24. whatever25. question/ will question 26. may/ might 27. on 28. to develop29. has been made/ is made 30. less competitiveUnit 10, 闵行区We want our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life. But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only truly succeed (21)they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?The reason is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in practice. (22) (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they can already do very easily, (23) (remain) within their comfort zone. This is why they don’t fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because they are always on their feet. Never (24) (fail) in practice prevents them from making progress.(25)is true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126 prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before coming up with the design(26) made his fortune. These failures were essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put(27) : “You can’t develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go wrong. Failure is essential to invention.”In healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don’t like to admit to failure, partly because they have strong egos ( 自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼). The consequence is that (28) learning from failure, healthcare often covers up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes (29) (repeat). According tothe Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in American hospitals alone due to preventable error. (30) healthcare learns to respond p ositivelyto failure, things will not improve.21. if / when 22. To stretch 23. remaining 24. failing 25. What26.which / that 27. it 28.instead of 29. are repeated 30. Until / UnlessUnit 11, 浦东新区Is Climate Change Consuming Your Favorite Foods?Due to climate change, the world’s endangered lists are no longer just for animals. We may not only need to adapt ourselves to living in a warmer world but a (21) (tasty) one as well.As the increased amount of carbon dioxide in the air linked to globalwarming (22) (continue) to affect weather, we often forget that they are also impacting the quantity, the quality, and the growing locations of our food. Some foods have already felt the impact while (23) may even become scarce within the next 30 years.Whether or not you try to limit y ourself (24) one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world's coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice.Rising temperatures and unpredictable rainfall patterns are reported to have been threatening coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Hawaii. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield.According to organizations like Australia's Climate Institute, half of the present coffee-producing areas (25) (estimate) not to be suitable by the year 2050, if current climate patterns continue.With temperatures continuously rising, oceans are absorbing some of the heat and undergoing warming of their own, (26) (cause) a decline in fish population, including in lobsters that are cold-blooded creatures, and in salmons(鲑鱼) (27) eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temperatures. Warmer waters also encourage some poisonous marine bacteria to grow and lead to illness in humans whenever (28) (take) with raw seafood, like oysters.And how about that satisfying “crack” which you get when you are eating crabs and lobsters? It could be silenced (29) shellfish have been struggling to build their calciumcarbonate(碳酸钙) shells, which is a result of ocean acidification.Even worse is the possibility (30) we will have no seafood to enjoy at all. In a 2006 Dalhousie University study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood stocks would run out by the year 2050.21. less tasty 22.continues/is continuing 23. others 24. to 25. are estimated 26. causing 27. whose 28.taken 29. because/since/as 30. that Unit 12, 普陀区The Best Book I’ve Ever ReadFrankly, I have read nearly all of the great works of literature, but no book has ever impressed me as deeply or directly (21)Joel Stein’s Man Made: A Stupid Quest for Masendinity.Haven’t we all, on some level, been Jewish boys in New Jersey in (22)1970s with only female friends, an Easy-Bake oven and a strong preference for show tunes? Haven’t we all had a panic attack (23) learning we’re going to have a son, since that means we’re going to have to figure out how to throw f ootballs, watch other people throw footballs and d ecide (24) to be happy or sad about the results of football throwing? Haven’t we all then tried to correct our lack of maleness by becoming a man, fighting fires with f irefighters, (25) (drive) a Lamborghini and doing three days of Army training camp? I know I h ave.The only parts I didn’t fully enjoy w ere (26) in which the author suffered horribly. After just three hours of training camp, he fainted weakly into the arms of a soldier. The film rights to Man Made have already been sold to Fox, and I hope it gets (27) (turn) into a movie with George Clooney playing the Stein role, since they remind me so much of each other.(28) this is only Stein’s first book, I would already consider him a s someone like David Sedaris, Dave Barry, James Thurber, Mark Twain and Abraham Lincoln. I (29) (recommend) Man Made not just to all my friends and family but also to strangers on Twitter over and over again. My one fear i s (30)after this great achievement, Stein will lose his ability to be a cruel critic of our shallow times.22. as 22. the 23when 24. Whether 25.driving 26. those 27.turned 28. Though/Although/While 29. have recommended 30. that Unit 13, 青浦区Wayward Penguin(企鹅) Released South of New Zealand He needed a little push before speeding backward down a slide. Once in the water, he held his head up for one last look. And then he was gone. The wayward emperor penguin (21) (know) as “Happy Feet” was back home in Antarcti c waters after a temporary stay in New Zealand.Happy Feet was released into the ocean south of New Zealand on Sunday, more than two months after he came ashore on a beach nearly 2,000 miles from home and became an instant celebrity. (22) (speak) from a satellite phone, Wellington Zoo veterinarian Lisa Argilla said Happy Feet’s release went remarkably smoothly. Argilla said crew members from the boat carried the penguin inside his box to the rear part of the ship for his final send-off.(23) when they opened the door of the box, the penguin showed no interest in leaving.“I needed to give him a little tap on his back,” Argilla said.The penguin slipped down the slide on his stomach, bottom first, she said. He resurfaced about 6 feet from the boat, (24) (take) a look up at the people aboard, and then disappeared beneath the surface.“I was really happy to see him go,” Argilla said. “The best part of my job is when you get to release animals back into the w ild (25) they are supposed to be.”The 3-foot-tall bird was found on June 20 on Peka Peka Beach, about 40 miles northwest of New Zealand’s capital, Wellington. It has been 44 years (26)an emperor penguin was last spotted in the wild in New Zealand.At first, conservation authorities said they would wait and let nature take itscourse with the penguin. But it soon became clear the bird’s condition was growing(27) (bad), as he swallowed sand and, likely mistaking it for snow.(28) the world watching, authorities finally took action, moving the penguin to the Wellington Zoo four days after he was discovered. It was at the zoo (29) the bird was given a home in a room filled with a bed of ice so he wouldn’t overheat.Now that Happy Feet (30) (nurse) back to health, his chances are as good as they are for any other penguin in the wild.“He swam away, not caring about us anymore,” Argilla said.She paused.“And that is a good thing,” she said.22. known 22. Speaking 23. But 24. took 25. where 26. since26. worse 28. With 29. that 30. has been nursedUnit 14, 松江区Marvel and Disney Remember Stan LeeToday, Marvel Comics and The Walt Disney Company pause and reflect with great sadness on the passing of Marvel Chairman Emeritus, Stan Lee. With a heavy heart, we share our deepest condolences（哀悼）(21) his daughter and brother, and we honor and remember the creator, voice and champion of M arvel.“Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created. A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world, Stan had the power to inspire, to entertain, and to connect. Nothing but his h eart (22) exceed the scale of his imagination.” said Bob Iger, Chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney C ompany.Stan Lee loved the (23) (write) word from an early age, and wanted to craft stories like those in his favorite books and films, which he consumed greedily. From a simple upbringing in Manhattan, young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs (24) he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company — Timely Comics.Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee. He introduced the famous “Stan’s Soapbox” to speak directly to his r eaders, (25) (reach) a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day. Always pushing for new ways of creating comics, Stan also started the “Marve l method” of plotting and art, creating some o f (26) (fantastic) stories in the industry to this day. An entire generation of young readers expanded and strengthened their vocabulary and knowledge through Stan’s stories.Roy Thomas, (27) succeeded Lee as editor-in-chief at Marvel, had visited Lee two days before (28) death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story, and stated “I think he was ready to go. But he was still talking about doing more cameos（配角）. (29) he had the energy for it and didn’t have to travel, Stan was always up (30) (do) something more.”Marvel and the entire Walt Disney Company salute the life and career of Stan Lee and offer their undying gratitude for his unmatchable accomplishments within their halls. Every time you open a Marvel comic, Stan will be there.21. with 22. could 23. written 24. until 25. reaching26. the most fantastic 27. who 28. his 29. As long as/So long as 30. to do。
2019届上海市各大高中名校高三英语试题汇编--语法填空(带答案精确校对珍藏版)
Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s rare that the protagonist(主人公) in a Chinese movie wins the audience’s hearts with an emotionally uplifting message, rather than by showing off his or her good looks. But Wolf Warrior II is putting China in the global spotlight. It’s also the first film (21)______(taste) success both in terms of box office earnings and promoting Chinese values.Kung fu artist Wu Jing both starred in and directed the action movie. Since its release on July 27, it (22)______(earn) an unimaginable 4.5 billion yuan, setting a record for domestic movies at the box office.The film focuses on a rescue operation in Africa, (23)______(lead)by former special forces soldier Leng Feng – played by Wu. Leng helps Chinese workers and local Africans flee a war-torn and plague-ravaged country.Wolf Warrior II links art to reality, and reminds people (24)______the massive evacuation of Chinese people from Libya when civil war (25)______(break)out there in 2011, and from Yemen in 2015, as well as the challenges the Ebola virus created in West Africa from 2013 to 2016.The film describes (26)_______ the Chinese government aims to protect overseas Chinese citizens. Just (27)_______the message at the end of the film reads: “Citizens of the People’s Republic of China. When you encounter danger in a foreign land, do not give up! Please remember, at your back (28)_______(stand) a strong motherland.”Thanks to China’s increasing participation in global affairs, now could (29)______(consider) the right moment to introduce a modern Chinese hero.“(30)_______ up a banner of peace, friendship and responsibility, Wolf Warrior II should be seen as a brave effort to promote Chinese values around the world,” columnist Zhu Ping wrote in China Daily. “It’s time Chinese filmmakers produced f ilms that tell good stories and carry the right spirit. Let us assume Wolf Warrior II has started that trend.”Keys: 21. to taste 22. is earned 23. led 24. of 25. broke26. how 27. as 28. stands 29. be considered 30. HoldingII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirection: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Iceland shows off natureFound just south of the Arctic Circle, it’s far from the northernmost country on Earth. But as a travel destinations, Iceland is on top of the world.Known as‚ “the land of fire and ice”, the country has many natural wonders. As the Today website put it, “It is (21)_________ nature close Iceland to be its shop window to…remind humanity that nature is still the unstoppable force.”As the world was reminded when the Eyjafjallajökull volcano erupted six years ago, Iceland is a country “still in the making, and few other places offer the same opportunities to see the earth (22)___________ action, ” commented National Geographic magazine.Ice is Iceland’s other big attraction-to be exact, the huge glaciers which travel toward the coast, (23)___________(make) strange pools of water. Even better are the northern lights, which are (24)___________(good) to see from October to March.On Sept 28, the country’s capital Reykjavik decided to turn off all streetlights for an hour at night to give people a unique chance to enjoy the northern lights. Thanks to the glaciers and the dark sky, the bright, colourful (25)__________ (dance) lights became “a heavenly light display”, travel guidebook publisher Lonely Planet noted.And (26) __________Iceland’s unique natural features are the biggest attractions for visitors, the country also offers inspiration. Iceland has (27) _________ higher percentage of writers in its population than any other country in the world, the BBC reported. And it is not surprising (28) ___________ the country publishes more books per person than any other country in the world, reported the NPR radio station, Iceland (29)__________(be) the birthplace of important literary works and authors-from the Vikings’ Iceland sagas(传说) to author Halldór Laxness, winner of the 1955 Noble Prize in literature.“The beast in Iceland, with its harsh(严酷的) nature and bitter, ever-changing weather. We cannot escape it,” Haraldur Jonsson, an Icelandic artists, told the Observer newspaper while describing his inspiration. “So we find ways to live with it. We (30) ____________have a rich lifeto fill the empty spaces.”Keys: 21. as if 22. in 23. making 24. best 25. dancing26. although 27. a 28. that 29. has been 30. have toII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.On paper alone you would never guess that I grew up poor and hungry. These years My (21)________（recent) annual salary was over $700，000. I am a Truman National Security Fellow and a term member at the Council on Foreign Relations. My publisher has just released my latest book series on quantitative finance in worldwide distribution.(22)________of it feels like enough. I feel (23)_______ I am wired (极度紧张的)for a permanent state of fight or flight, waiting for the other shoe to drop, or the metaphorical week when I don’t eat. I’ve chosen not to have children, partly because― (24) ______any success―I still don’t feel I have a safety net. I have a huge minimum checking account balance in mind before I would ever consider having children. If you knew me personally, you (25) _______ get glimpses of stress, self-doubt, anxiety, and depression.In my childhood, I spent a lot of my time (26)________(ponder) basic questions. Where will my next meal come from? Will I have electricity tomorrow? I (27) _______ (acquaint) with the embarrassment of my mom trying to hide our food stamps at the grocery store checkout. I remember panic setting in as early as age 8, at the prospect of a perpetual uncertainty about everything in life, from food to clothes to education. I knew that the life I was living couldn’t be normal. I just wasn’t sure (28) _______it was that wrong with the tiny microcosm I was born into.As an adult I thought I’d figured that out. I’d always thought my upbringing had made me wary and cautious, in a “lessons learned” kind of way. Over the past decades, though, that narrative (29) ________ (evolve). We’ve learned that the stresses (30) _______(associate) withpoverty have the potential to change our biology in ways we hadn’t imagined. It can reduce the surface area of your brain, shorten your telomeres and lifespan, increase your chances of obesity，and make you more likely to take outsized risks.Keys: 21. most recent 22. None 23. as though 24. despite 25. might26. pondering 27. was acquainted 28. what 29. has evolved 30. associatedSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Technology offers conveniences such as opening the garage door from your car or changing the television station without touching the TV. Now one American company is offering its employees a new convenience: a microchip implanted in their hands. Employees who have these chips can do all kinds of things just by waving their hands.Three Square Market is offering to implant microchips in all of their employees (21)_______ free. Each chip costs $300 and Three Square Market will pay for the chip. Employees can volunteer to have the chips implanted in their hands. About 50 out of 80 employees (22)________(choose) to do so. The president of the company, his wife and their children are also getting chips implanted in their hands. The chip is about the size of a grain of rice. Implanting the chip only takes about a second and is said to hurt only very briefly. The chips go under the skin between the thumb and forefinger.A microchip is shown (23)________(compare)with a dime, Aug.12017, at Three Square Market in River Falls,Wis., (24)_______ the company held a “chip party” for employees who volunteered to have the microchip embedded in their hands.With a chip in the hand, a person can enter the office building, buy food, sign into computers and more, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. The chips also will be used to identify employees. Employees who want convenience, (25)_______do not want to have a microchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wristband or a ring with a chip instead. They can performthe same tasks with a wave of their hands (26)_____ ______ they had an implanted chip.Three Square Market is the first company in the United States (27)_______(offer) to offer to implant chips in its employees. Epicenter, a company in Sweden, has been implanting chips in its employees for a while. Three Square Marketing says the chip cannot track the employee. The company says scanners can read the chips only (28)_______they are within a few inches of them.Three Square Market says that the chips protect against identity theft by being encrypted, similar to credit cards. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (29)________(approve)the chips back in 2004, so they should be safe for humans, according to the company.In the future, people with the chips may be able to do more with them, even outside the office. Todd Westby is Chief Executive Officer of Three Square Market. He says, "Eventually, this technology will become standardized (30)_______(allow) you to use this as your passport, public transit, all purchasing opportunities, etc.”Keys: 21.for 22.have chosen 23. compared 24. where 25. but30. allowingSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.You know that business of business is making money. What you may not realize is : (21)_______ simple that business is. You need two fundamental ingredients—-a good product that customers want to own, and bright, charismatic people who will (22)________ sell it and, if necessary, defend it. And of the two (23)_________ (desire) product and competent people—good people are, in the long run, more important than good products.You can't expect to produce one popular product after another. You can, however, cover your bets by staffing your enterprise with superb employees who will continue to reflect the company’s strengths (24)________ __________the products are weak. It is your responsibility to keep those employees (25)___________ (perform) as well as they can. They won’t remain superb (26)_________reliable leadership and, in fact, there is a perfect time to address this issue. Mostsuccessful companies have a defining moment (27)________ profits are skyrocketing, and business (28)________not be better. That is precisely the time to look closely at your customer service. That you are earning more money than ever before (29)________ (indicate) your product is terrific, but it doesn’t necessarily mean the same about your customer service. It is the ideal time to examine your reputation and expand the success you earning from your product to include customer service.Every business wants to be known for its customer service. Although even a slow but steady giant such as Radio Shack Corporation will often come up with a hot product, it is its customer service (30)_________ keeps it in business year after year.Keys: 21. how 22.both 23.desired 24.even when 25. performing26. without 27. when 28.could 29.indicates 30.thatSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Talking with-Not Just to-Kids Powers How They Learn Language Children from the poorer begin life not only with material disadvantages but cognitive ones. Decades of research (21)_______ (confirm) this, including a famous1995 finding by psychologists Betty Hart and Todd Risley: By age four children raised in poverty have heard 30 million fewer words, on average, than their peers from wealthier families. That gap has been linked to shakier language skills at the start of school, (22)________, in turn, predicts weaker academic performance.But the sheer quantity of words a toddler hears is not the most significant influence on language acquisition. Growing evidence has led researchers to conclude quality matters more than quantity, and (23)_________(valuable)quality seems to be back-and-forth communication—what researchers call conversational turns.A paper(24)________ last week in Psychological Science brings a new kind of support tothis idea, offering the first evidence that these exchanges play a vital role in the development of Broca’s area, the brain region most closely associated with producing speech. Further, the amount of conversational turns a child experiences daily outweighs socioeconomic status in predicting (25)__________ activity in Broca’s area and the child’s language skills.The researchers confirmed the classic 1995 finding that, overall, kids from wealthier families hear more words. And small (26)_______ their sample was, they even confirmed the 30-million-word gap between the poorest and richest children. But they found that “by far the biggest driver for brain development was not the number of words spoken (27)_______the conversations,” Gabrieli says.The researchers calculated that a child’s verbal ability score increased (28)______ one point for every additional 11 conversational exchanges per hour.The study is a “very, very important” addition (29)_________ a growing body of work, says developmental psychologist Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek, director of the Infant Language Laboratory at Temple University. “We have known for quite a while that conversational turns—or (30)________in my work we call conversational duets—are very important for building a foundation for language and maybe for learning generally. What hadn’t been done is to link it where we knew it had to be linked—to changes in the brain.”Keys: 21. have confirmed 22. which 23. the most valuable 24. published 25. both26. as/though 27. but 28. by 29. to 30. whatII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.American IndiansWhen you think of a typical American, whom do you picture? A pretty blond white American like Taylor Swift? Or a handsome black American like President Barack Obama or basketball star Kobe Bryant? In fact, there was a time when the average American looked like (21)_______ ofthese people.Back in the year 1500, the average American was a brown-skinned hunter-gatherer who probably rode a horse and wore clothing (22)________ (make) from animal skins. Today, these people－who tend (23)________ (identify) themselves based on their individual tribes such as Iriquos, Apache and Navajo－are broadly referred to as “Native Americans”, “American Indians” or simply ” Indians”.You (24)________say you’ve never even heard of American Indians. That’s (25)______ there aren’t very many left. When the European settlement of North America began, there were fierce conflicts (26)_________ the settlers from overseas and these native peoples. After the Revolutionary War, conflicts with natives continued as the states were created (27)_______ would later make up the US. American Indians (28)________ (treat) were treated as a military “enemy” until 1924, when the few Indians still alive at that point were granted US citizenship.(29)________ the story of the American Indians has been a sad one, these peoples’ legacies (遗产) are still felt every day in the US. There are many US geographical names (30)_______ (come) from Indian languages, such as Ohio, Topeka, Kansas, and the Potomac River. At the same time, there are numerous successful academics and other important US leaders who are descended from Indians.Keys: 21. none 22. made 23. to identify 24. may 25. because26. between 27. that 28. were treated 29. While 30. comingSection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Remember that doll you had as a kid—the one (21)_______ eyes open when it is upright and close when it’s laid down? Or maybe you were the kid that went around popping limbs off Barbies and teddy bears.Either way, it turns out that these broken toys need not worry, because Sydney’s OriginalDoll Hospital exists. And this year, it celebrates 100 years of fixing up dolls, teddy bears, rocking horses, umbrellas and more.The doll hospital (22)________(found)by Harold Chapman Sr. as part of his general store(杂货店), thanks to a shipping error. His brother was in the business of importing celluloid (合成树脂) dolls from Japan but the rubber bands (23)______ held them together would often break and the dolls would be destroyed. It was Mr. Chapman Sr. (24)_______ came up with a way to repair them. And then from such a small beginning (25)______(grow) quite a successful business as demand for doll repairs increased.The business was taken over in the 1930s by Harold’s son, Harold Chapman Jr., who relocated the Doll hospital and expanded the business to include repairs (26)________other toys, leather goods, umbrellas, etc.The real boom came with World War II. Restrictions on manufacturing and importing goods to Australia meant that children and collectors (27)________make do with their old dolls instead of buying new ones and more repairs were needs. At one point during the war, the hospital had 70 “nurses” working in six different repair rooms. By its 95th birthday, the hospital (28)_______ (carry out)a staggering 2.5 million repairs.Now the hospital has been passed onto the third generation of the Chapman family, (29)________Harold Jr.’s son, Geoff, now in charge. Despite changing technology, which means many modern children are (30)________(interested)in the latest gadgets(小玩意) or computer games, the business is still going strong, with dolls sent from all over Australia and even across the sea from New Zealand for repair.Keys: 21. whose 22. was founded 23. that/which 24. that/who 25. grew26. to 27. had to 28. had carried out 29. with 30. more interestedSection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Speeding off in a stolen car,the thief thinks he has got a great catch.But he is going to experience (21)________unwelcome surprise.The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer（锁止器）,and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that (22)_______the thief switches the engine off,he will not be able to start it again.The idea goes like this.A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cellphone,a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS（全球定位系统）satellite positioning receiver.If the car is stolen,a coded cellphone signal will tell the control center to block the vehicle's engine management system and prevent the engine (23)________being restarted.In the UK,a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves."The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,"says Martyn Randall,a security expert.He says (24)________would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car,using a bare minimum of tools.But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are much (25)_______(tough) to steal, (26)_______their engine management computer won't allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition（点火）key.In the UK,technologies like this (27)_______ achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars,often by getting hold of the owner's keys.And key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a (28)_______(track)system.If the car travels 100 metres without the driver confirming their ID,the system will send a signal to an operations centre (29)_______it has been stolen.The hundred metres minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.Staff at the centre will then contact the owner (30)______that the car really is missing,and keep police informed of the vehicle's movements via the car's GPS unit.Keys: 21.an 22.once23.from 24.it 25.tougher26.as 27.have helped 28.tracking 29.that 30.to confirmII. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.To have a fruitful discussion, teachers need to decide what seating arrangement is best for their own class and be prepared to experiment with different methods. (21)_______method is adopted, it should help and be productive of dialogue between children as well as between teacher and child. Within the physical setting, children and teachers should agree (22)_______a discussion takes place.Why are rules necessary for discussion? This may be a question to ask the children. If children are given freedom to talk, why are there rules that will restrict that freedom? The golden rule is of course that one’s own freedom (23)_______not interfere with the freedom of others. Individuals within a democratic community have equal rights. A child who talks all the time (24)_________(deny) the rights of others to be heard. Each person should be allowed an equal chance to speak and to put forward their own point of view and if we wish (25)________(listen) to, then we should listen to others. There is no point giving a point of view (26)________someone is listening. (27)________of us are capable of listening to more than one person at a time, so another basic rule should be: only one person to speak at a time. Listening implies not only hearing the words but paying attention to the meaning of (28)_______is being said. This is not a natural thing for children to do. School is typically a place where children learn to listen to the teacher but not to each other. The skills of listening need to be practiced. The ideal discussion, (29)_______everyone listens to the speaker and then each is allowed to reply, is rare among adults, let alone children. It works (30)_______(well) when certain ground-rules for discussion are followed.Keys: 21. Whichever22. how 23. should 24. denies25. to be listened26. unless 27. None28. what29. in which30. betterI. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Victorian village children had little more than their surroundings and their imaginings with (21)________ to content themselves. Francis Kilvert came across this happy scene one day in January 1870: In the Common Field in front of the cottages, I found two little figures in the dusk. One tiny naughty boy (22)_______(bind) a handkerchief carefully round the face of another even more tiny than (23) ________ was Fred and Jerry Savine. “What are you doing to him?” I asked Fred. “Please, sir,” said the child seriously, “we are going to play seek-and-hide.” The two children were quite alone, but they went on seriously with their game (24)______ _______ they were in a magnificent playground with dozens of children to play with. Oh, the wealth of a child’s imagination and capacity for enjoyment of minor stuff.Sometimes their fun served all the family---blackberrying, (25)__________(nut) or picking apples in autumn----though often it was to gather for themselves a little of (26)__________the countryside had to offer. Sybil Marshall and her friends in Cambridgeshire explored and enjoyed the world that lay all around them. Looking back to her childhood she wrote：“We dug up tansy roots(27)______(eat) and filled our pockets with wheat whenever we could. We then went on to gather different sorts of flowers to dress ourselves up to play “King and Queen”.’Children played in the Victorian countryside-- and shopkeeping was one of their games. They also worked. Laboring families were among the largest in the country for the reason that almost as soon as they could walk and talk, the children (28)______(expect) to help in some way. The help might be (29)________ the form of small domestic duties, though in areas of cottage industry girls would be made to learn handicraft skills at an early age. And there were always jobs to be done outside--gathing branches or running errands-- and pennies to be earned from tasks such as scaring birds or picking stones from the fields. Farmers would prevent children working together, (30)________ they would soon turn to play: ‘Two boys is half a boy, and three boys no boys at all.’ At harvest, everyone, of any age, took part in the communal effort.Keys: 21. which 22.was binding 23. himself 24.as if 25. nutting26. what 27.to eat 28.would be expected 29.in 30.as/for/because/sinceII. Grammar and Vocabulary (共20分每题1分)Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank."How should a Nobel laureate dress?" asked Kazuo Ishiguro, who, 40 minutes earlier, had found out he (21)_______(award) the Nobel Prize for Literature.To say the news was unexpected is an understatement. He literally couldn't believe it.(22)_______ that was, his phone began to ring constantly, an orderly queue of TV crews started to form outside his front door ("how do they all know where I live?"), and his publishers dispatched a top team to his house as back-up.This was not fake news. This was delightful, surprising news. Maybe there were others who(23)_______ (win) instead, he wondered. "But that is the nature of prizes. They are a lottery."(24)_______ chaos reigned around him, he was calm, assured and thoughtful,(25)_______(talk) (after nipping upstairs to fetch a smart jacket for our interview) about his belief in the power of stories and (26)_______ those that he wrote would often explore wasted lives and opportunities."I've always had (27)______faith that it should be possible, if you tell stories in a certain way, to transcend barriers of race, class and ethnicity."For me, he is one of the great living writers working in any language. All writers can tell stories. Ishiguro tells stories on (28)_______ level.He places the reader in some sort of alternative reality - which might be the future, it might be the present, it might be the past. They feel like places that are whole and real, (29)______ you don't know them.They're weird and not necessarily happy places. But they're places that you can inhabit and relate to, and you become deeply involved with the characters. That's the writer's job ---he just does it (30)________ (good) than most.Keys: 21. had been awarded 22. .Until 23. should have won 24. .While/Though/ Although25. Talking 26. how 27. a 28.another 29. but 30. better。
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II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Chinese actress Fan Bingbing has been fined for tax evasion, state media reported. It is the first public pronouncement about the star (21) __________ she mysteriously disappeared from public view in June.According to state-run news agency Xinhua, Fan has been ordered to pay almost $130 million, after she misreported how much money she (22) __________ (receive) for certain film projects, using so-called "yin-yang contracts" to conceal (23) __________ the authorities her true remuneration (薪酬) and avoid millions of dollars in taxes.Fan and companies related to her were ordered to pay around $42 million in late taxes and fees, along with a fine of $86 million.Because she was (24) __________ first-time offender, the government said criminal charges would not be filed against her if she pays all the money by an undisclosed deadline, Xinhua reported.Fan's disappearance from public view sparked widespread speculation (25) __________ she had been detained by the authorities. Xinhua said she had been under investigation by tax authorities in Jiangsu province, but (26) __________ didn't provide any details on her current whereabouts.In a letter (27) __________ (post) on social media, Fan, 37, apologized profusely and repeatedly to the public and government."As a public figure, I should have abided by laws and regulations, and been a role model in the industry and society," she said. "I shouldn't have lost self-restraint or become lax in managing my companies, (28) __________ led to the violation of laws, in the name of economic interests.""Without the favorable policies of the Communist Party and state, without the love of the people, there (29) __________ have been no Fan Bingbing," she added.Her case was clearly designed as a warning to other high profile celebrities, with the State Administration of Taxation saying it had launched a campaign (30) __________ (recover) all backtaxes in the entertainment industry.Keys: 21. since/after22. had received23. from24. a25. that26. it27. posted28. which29. would/could30. to recove rII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ms. Angela McQueen, a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School, Illinois, has a routine when she’s on lunch-monitoring duty. She (21)______ (keep) an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps(圈) around the school cafeteria.In September 2017, McQueen, then 40, had hardly finished one lap (22) ______ a 14-year-old freshman standing not far from her pulled out a gun. She knew too well that he was going to start shooting.School employees (23) _______ (train) on how to handle active shooters: Attack their ability(24) _______ (aim). So with the shooter’s finger on the trigger, McQueen rushed to him.(25)_______ (grab) at his arm, she forced the gun into the air, but not (26) _______ he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another. As students ran for the exits, McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer, (27)_______ disarmed the student and took him into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later. Afterward, McQueen went outside to give hugs and support to her shaken students.“It’s the mama-bear instinct,”she told the local paper. “I don’t have kids of my own, but these are still ‘(28) _______’ kids.”(29) _______ _______ McQueen, a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the country had a relatively happy ending. “If it hadn’t been for her, the situation would have been a lot different,” Police Chief Jeff Branson said at a news conference.As one (30) _______ (impress) student told CBS News, “Mr. McQueen is our heroin.”Keys: 21. keeps 22. when 23. had been trained 24. to aim 25. grabbing 26. before27. who 28. my 29. Thanks to 30. impressedII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Best News Ever: Researchers Confirm Chocolate Is Good for Your Brain Sure, chocolate is a delicious treat, and it’s a staple of some of our favorite desserts. But it’s not exactly a health food, so it should be enjoyed in moderation—right? Well, it turns out that ____21____(eat) chocolate might actually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to recent research ____22____(conduct) by five scientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols (黄烷醇), can help boost cognitive (认知的) performance. Yes, chocolate’s good for your brain. The scientists, studying at the Universities of Rome and L’Aquila, ____23____ (record) research from 10 different studies. The studies assessed people’s performance on cognitive tests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results were telling: in 9 out of the 10 studies, there was a noticeable improvement ____24____ the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in “general cognition, attention, processing speed, and working memory.” Sounds pretty good to us!And that’s not all. In subjects, especially women, who performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanols helped “counteract” the negative effects of the sleep deprivation. And there’s even more good news. ____25____ (take) daily over periods ranging from five days to three months, chocolate can produce noticeable long-term improvements in cognition. Older adults, ___26____ memories were already declining, saw an especially significant improvement.All chocolate has flavanols, since they occur naturally in cocoa. However, dark chocolate lovers, are happier, ____27____ it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate. In fact, the scientists ____28____ have claimed that, after doing this research, they’ve started eating darkchocolate every day! Here are some other health benefits of eating dark chocolate. Now, we’re not saying that you ____29____ start eating chocolate for breakfast, lunch, and dinner—it’s still high in sugar and low in nutrients. But next time you find yourself yawning after a sleepless night, snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. Go ahead, ____30____ take advantage of chocolate’s newfound brainpower with these delicious recipes.Keys: 21.eating 22. conducted 23. recorded 24. after 25. Taken 26. whose 27.because/as/since 28. themselves 29. Should/must 30. andII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Of the many factors that contribute to poor performance on standardized tests like the SAT, nerves and exhaustion, surprisingly, (21) ______ not rank very high. In fact, according to a new paper published in Journal of Experimental Psychology, a little anxiety – not to mention fatigue – might actually be a very good thing.The study was conducted by psychology professors Phillip Ackerman and Ruth Kanfer. They recruited 239 college freshmen, each (22) ______ (agree) to take three different versions of the SAT reasoning test (23) ______ (give) on three consecutive Saturday mornings. The tests would take three-and-a-half hours, four-and-a-half hours and five-and-a-half-hours, and would be administered in a random order to each of the students. (24) ______ (boost) the stress level in the students – who had already taken the SAT in the past and gotten into college – Ackerman and Kanfer offered a cash bonus to any volunteers who (25) ______ (beat) their high-school score.(26) ______ the test began on each of the three Saturdays, the students filled out a questionnaire that asked them about their fatigue level, mood and confidence. They completed the questionnaire again at a break in the middle of the test and once more at the end. Together, all of these provided a sort of fever chart of the students’ energy and anxiety (27) ______ the experience.When the researchers scored the results, it came as no surprise that volunteers’ fatigue and stress rose steadily (28) ______ the test got longer. (29) ______ was unexpected was their corresponding performance: as the length of the test increased, so (30) ______ the students’ scores. The average score on the three-and-a-half-hour test was 1209 out of 1600. On the four-and-a-half-hour version it was 1222; on the five-and-a-half-hour test it was 1237.Keys: 21. may22. agreeing23. given24. To boost25. (would) beat26. Before27. throughout / during28. as29. What30. didII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ASection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.People across the world use Airbnb to offer their homes to travelers usually for a nightly fee. The home-sharing service provides some people with a way (21) __________ （make）extra money while they work other jobs.The company announced recently that one of its (22) __________ (popular) professions among American Airbnb hosts is teaching. The information came from an Airbnb study to find out (23) __________ industries its American hosts work in.The study found that almost 10 percent of U.S. Airbnb hosts in 2017 identified (24) __________ as teachers or in the field of education. The home-sharing service estimated it has about 45,000 active teacher hosts in America. In addition, the study says there are (25) __________ estimated 75,000 other hosts living in households with a teacher.The study did not provide data from hosts about (26) __________they choose to become part of Airbnb. But the company noted that many teachers in America face difficult economic situations. Airbnb says additional earnings from hosting (27) __________ help.Some states had even higher rates of teacher hosts than Airbnb’s estimated national average. Airbnb spokesman Christopher Nulty told The Atlantic magazine that the home-sharing industry is not a total solution for the current problems (28) __________ (face) many teachers. But he said hethinks Airbnb can be an “important tool” to help teachers make extra money and give them “the respect and dignity” they have earned.The report on the number of teacher hosts comes as Airbnb (29) __________ (continue) to face opposition by activists and officials in some areas. U.S. critics of the company say the service is driving up rental market prices in several cities. Elected officials in some areas (30) __________(propose) or approved rules to limit the influence of the service. Hotel companies have also protested that the business presents unfair competition.Keys: 21. to make22. most popular23. what24. themselves25. an26. why27. can/may/could/might 28. facing 29.continues 30. have proposedII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirection: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Famous Irish poet Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) once wrote: “Ah! Realize your youth while you have it.” He pointed out the important truth about how precious youth is in one’s journey through life.However, the popular internet slang word foxi(佛系) – or “Buddhist” – ____21____ (challenge) this norm by encouraging young people to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflict as much as possible – in other words, to live like a Buddha.The phrase ____22____ (create) in Japan in 2014 to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone else’s life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without ____23____ (disturb) and care little about passion and success.Now, Chinese internet users are pairing the phrase with other words to describe a similar mindset. For example, “Buddhist students” are those who study just the right amount – they don’t cut class, but neither ____24____ they burn the midnight oil, either. There are also “Buddhist parents”, who interfere little ____25____ their children’s lives and let them develop ____26____ they like – the opposite of “helicopter parents”.In this fast-changing and competitive world, it’s only natural that people are seeking a spiritual anchor.However, some would compare foxi with “demotivational(丧) culture” – a phrase that describes young people who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality ____27____ young people are losing their will to fight. They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude toward failure simply ____28____ they’re incapable of succeeding.But no matter what, there is one thing that “Buddhist youngsters” should keep in mind: You may want to keep a calm mindset regarding failure, but you ____29____ also be passionate and positive about school, work and life.After all, Wilde also wrote: “Live the wonderful life that is in you! Let ____30____ be lost upon you. Be always searching for new sensations. Be afraid of nothing.”Keys: 21. is challenging 22. was created 23. being disturbed 24. do 25. with 26.whatever 27.that 28. because 29. should 30. nothingII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Have you ever embarrassed because you forget something important? What kind of things do you have the most trouble ____21____ (remember) ?Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the audience, but then paused in horror. He had forgotten her name.Barbara hid her jewelry when she went on vacation. When she came back, she couldn’t remember ____22_______she’d put it.Perhaps you’ve had experiences like these. Most people have. And, what’s worse, most people ___23____(bow) to a life of forgetting. They’re unaware of a simple but important fact:Memory can be developed. If you just accept that fact, this book will show you ____24____it can be improved.First, relax. If you are overanxious about remembering something, you’ll forget it. Relaxing will enhance your awareness and ability to concentrate. You can’t remember anything ______25_____ you can concentrate.Second, avoid being negative. If you keep telling ___26_____ that your memory is bad, your mind will come to believe it and you won’t remember things. When you forget something, don’t say, “Gee, I need to have my brain ___27_____(rewire).” Instead, you need to take an active role.__28_____ your body, your memory can be strengthened through exercise. Look for opportunities to exercise your memory. For example, if you are learning a language, try to actively remember irregular verbs.You may also want to make associations or links between _____29________you are trying to remember and things you already know. For example, if you need to catch a plane at 2:00 p.m., you can imagine a plane in your mind and notice that it has two wings. Two wings =2:00. You are now ten times _____30_____(likely) to forget the take-off time.Keys: 21. remembering 22. where 23. have bowed 24. how 25. unless26. yourself 27. rewired 28. Like 29. what 30. less likelySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test (21) they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests are changing now (22) (include) a writing part.Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amountof time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies (23) (develop) computer programs. These can grade student writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost (24) (little) to carry out by computer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems are known as e-readers. They use artificial (人工的) intelligence to think in a way (25) teachers. In the state of Indiana, computer grading of a statewide writing test began with a test of the system itself. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and those given by (26) human readers.The entrance test commonly (27) (use) by business schools, the GMAT, already uses e-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding. The GRE is the Graduate Record Examination. TOEFL is the Test of English as a Foreign Language.Systems (28) (use) to grade writing in college classes. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined.Some teachers say it can never really understand (29) a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems (30) (mean) to judge knowledge more than creativity.Keys: 21. before22. to include23. have developed24. less 25. like26. The27. Used28. are being used 29. what30. are meantII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Keys: 21. a 22. compared 23. to get 24. it 25. was taking 26. instead of27. what 28. where 29. sitting 30. AsII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Every weekend, after hiking in the Saneum Healing Forest east of Seoul, the firefighters sip tea and enjoy an arm massage. The aim of program is (21) (offer) “forest healing”; the firefighters all have certain types of stress disorder. Saneum is one of three official healing forest in South Korea, which offer a range of programs from meditation to woodcraft to camping. Soon高三英语试卷题型分类汇编珍藏版：语法填空there will be 34 more. South Koreans, many of whom suffer from work stress, digital addiction, and intense academic pressures, (22) (welcome) the medicalization of nature with great enthusiasm. In fact, the government is investing a hundred million dollars (23) a healing complex next to Sobaeksan National park.There is increasing evidence (24) being outside in a pleasant natural environment is good for us. But what is frustrating is that fewer of us actually enjoy nature regularly. According to Lisa Nisbet, a psychology professor at Canada’s Trent University, evidence for the benefits of nature is pouring at a time (25) we are most disconnected from it. The pressures of modern life lead to long hours spent working indoors. Digital addiction and strong academic pressure add to the problem. In America, visits to parks have been declining since the dawn of email, and so (26)______ visits to the backyard. Research indicates that only about 10 percent of American teens spend time outside every day.So what are some of the benefits of nature that Nisbet refers to? (27) (surround) by nature has one obvious effect: the more time we spend in nature, the (28) (stressful) we become. This has been shown to lower blood pressure, heart rates, and levels of the stress hormone, as well as reduce feelings of fear or anger. But studies also indicate that spending time in nature can do more than provide an (29) (improve) sense and well-being; it can lower rates of heart disease and diabetes. That is probably (30) we evolved in nature and have been adapted to the natural environment.Keys: 21.to offer 22.have welcomed/welcomed 23.in 24.that 25.when26.have 27.Being surrounded 28.less stressful 29.improved 30. because11。