1.Introduction

(1) Characteristics: set up at birth non –specific heredity racial or species difference (no difference among individuals) no immune memory

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Memory: Immune response was enhanced by
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the second stimulate of the same antigen. primary immune responses:
the first exposures to the antigen

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（2）Important features of adaptive immune responses
Specificity:
aa
Ag
c d b
Immune responses are specific to exposure antigens.
Immune system Anti-a antibody Effector T cell
Theory： 43 hrs （自主学习：10hrs ） Experiment： 11 hrs (main building, floor 4/5) Teachers：
姚智、白虹、郁春艳、李宏钊

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Week Theory Hours 1 Introduction 3 Antigen 3 2 Antibody 3 Complement 3 3 CK、CAM 2 MHC 2 4 Lymphocytes 5 6 APC 2 7 Immue response 4 7/8 Hypersensitivity 6 8/9 Immunoassay 10 immunotherapy 10 or 11 Final Exam.
* Abnormalities in self-tolerance lead to autoimmune diseases.

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(3) Components:
• T cell: mediate cellular immunity:
• B cell : mediate humoral immunity

spleen / lymph nodes / mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)

where adaptive immune responses are
initiated

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2. Immune Cells
Immunocytes: cells that participate in immune response or relate to immune response. Including: Innate immune response: phagocytes、NK、B1

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Nonreactivity to self:
* Immune system recognize, respond to,
and eliminate many foreign antigens (nonself) while not reacting to own antigen (self- tolerance).
Not antigen specific No Immunologic memory
A lag period
Antigen specific Development of memory

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Clonal selection theory
•
There are various lymphocyte clone, each expresses Ag receptors that are specific for a distinct antigen. Those clones whose receptor can recognize self will be destroyed or be forbidden clones at early stage. (clone deletion) Ag receptor—Ag’s specific interactions lymphocytes proliferated. (clone selection) forbidden clones can be revival and cause antoimmunity.

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2. Adaptive immunity
(1) General characteristics:
• • • • •
Set up after birth Non-heredity Difference among the individuals is acquired by antigen stimulation Can be transferred
Cytokine（Immunoregulation and effector function）
Complement（Innate immunity against pathogens） CD （Immune cell differentiation and function） CAM （Cell-adhesion molecules）
Types of immunity
• Innate immunity
•
( natural immunity/ native immunity/ non-specific immunity ) Adaptive Immunity ( acquired immunity/ specific immunity)

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Composition of immune system
• Immune organs • Immunocytes • Immune molecules
Байду номын сангаас
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1. Immune Tissues and organs
secondary immune responses:
* the second exposures to the same antigen . * more rapid, larger, more efficient at eliminating the antigen
Memory cells: B/T

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Medical Immunology
Department of Medical Immunology Basic Medical College Tianjin Medical University
白 虹 2015, 9

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Schedule
tumor or consecutive infection

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Results of Immunity:
beneficial (normally)/ injurious (sometimes)
The result of immune responses is not always to protect the host, sometimes can cause tissue injury and disease.



Medical Immunology: 谭锦泉，姚堃主编， 科学出版社

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Functions of immunity:
1) immunologic defence （免疫防御）
2) immunologic homeostasis （免疫稳定）
3) immunologic surveillance （免疫监视）

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Characteristics of Innate and Adaptive Immunity Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Antigen dependent
Antigen independent No time lag

Primary or central lymphoid organs:


bone marrow / thymus (/bursa of Fabricius in birds) where lymphocytes are generated

Secondary or peripheral lymphoid organs:
(2) Components:
1) physical and chemical barriers : • mechanical defense: skin & mucous membrane blood-brain prevent the entry of pathogens blood-placental • biophysical defense: temperature, pH, soluble molecules 2) humoral factors: complement interferon (IFN) lysozyme 3) phagocytes: macrophage (M) ingestion of extracellular neutrophils(PMN) microbes by phagocytosis

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1. Innate immunity
exist before infection provides the first line of defense against infection rapid response to microbes react in the same way to repeat infections
Adaptive immune response: T、B 、 APC

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3. immune molecule
BCR/Ab（Antigen recognition by B cells and clearance）
TCR （Antigen recognition by T cells） MHC （Antigen presentation）

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Functions
Immunologic Defence Immunologic Homeostasis Immunologic Surveillance
Formal phenotype Abnormal phenotype
anti-infection hypersensitivity immunodeficiency eliminate injured or died cells discern mutant cell - (anti-tumor ) prevent consecutive infection autoimmue disease
Experiment
Hours
Neutralization Observation of Immu. organs Immunoelectrophoresis Demonstration, ELISA
2 2 2 2, 3

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References

医学免疫学 第6版: 曹雪涛主编，人民卫生出版社 医学免疫学 第3版: 安云庆主编，北京大学出版社 Cellular and Molecular Immunology: Abul K. Abbas

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抗 原（引起免疫应答的物质） 免疫系统 免疫器官 免疫细胞 免疫分子 免疫应答 非特异性免疫 特异性免疫 免疫效应 生理效应 抗感染免疫 抗肿瘤免疫 免疫耐受 病理效应 超敏反应 自身免疫病 免疫缺陷病 免疫学应用 : 免疫诊断、免疫治疗、免疫预防

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