托福真题
2024托福考试必备听力历年真题练习
2024托福考试必备听力历年真题练习Part 1: Conversation-based Questions1. What is the main topic of the conversation?2. Where does the conversation most likely take place?3. What can be inferred about the woman?Part 2: Problem-Solving Questions1. What is the man's problem?2. What are the possible solutions mentioned?3. What solution does the woman suggest?Part 3: Academic Discussions1. What is the main purpose of the discussion?2. What is the man's opinion on the topic?3. What evidence does the woman provide to support her argument? Part 4: Academic Lectures1. What is the topic of the lecture?2. What is the professor's main point?3. How does the example illustrate the professor's main point?Part 5: Campus Life1. Which club is the woman a member of?2. Why does the woman need financial support?3. What does the man offer to do for the woman?Part 6: Academic and Social Skills1. What topic does the professor introduce?2. What is one characteristic of the topic?3. How can this characteristic be beneficial?Part 7: Science and Technology1. What is the main function of the new software?2. How does the new software differ from the old version?3. What benefit does the new software bring to users?Part 8: Advanced Level Discussions1. What is the main topic of the conversation?2. What is the man's opinion on the topic?3. How does the woman respond to the man's opinion?As the 2024 TOEFL exam is approaching, it is essential for test-takers to engage in practice sessions that familiarize them with the format and content of the listening section. One effective way to prepare is by practicing with authentic past TOEFL listening questions.In the first part of the listening section, conversation-based questions are asked. These questions assess your ability to understand the main topic of aconversation, the location where the conversation is most likely taking place, and inferencing skills about the individuals involved.The second part of the listening section focuses on problem-solving questions. These questions require you to identify the problem the speaker is facing, analyze potential solutions mentioned, and determine the best solution based on the information provided.Part three comprises academic discussions, where you are expected to identify the main purpose of the discussion, the opinions of the speakers, and supporting evidence used in the conversation.In the fourth part, academic lectures are presented, and you need to comprehend the lecture topic, understand the professor's main point, and recognize how examples or illustrations are used to support the main point.The fifth part revolves around campus life, where you must gather information about the activities, clubs, and student organizations, as well as understand the financial support and assistance offered by individuals or institutions.For the sixth part, academic and social skills are discussed. You are required to recognize the topic introduced by the professor, identify specific characteristics, and understand the potential benefits associated with these characteristics.The seventh part focuses on science and technology, exploring advancements and innovations. It requires you to understand the main functions of software or devices, identify differences between different versions, and recognize the benefits provided by newer technologies.The eighth part consists of advanced level discussions, where complex topics are debated. You are expected to identify the main topic of the conversation, grasp the speakers' opinions, and understand how the conversation unfolds based on different perspectives.By practicing with past TOEFL listening questions, you can improve your listening skills, become more familiar with various question types, and enhance your understanding of spoken English. Regular practice will help you feel more confident and prepared for the listening section of the 2024 TOEFL exam.Remember to listen carefully, take notes when necessary, and pay attention to key details and information. Developing good listening strategies and practicing with a variety of listening materials will significantly contribute to your success in the TOEFL listening section.。
TOEFL考试真题
TOEFL考试真题1. (A) He can have more than four guests at his graduation. (B) His brother isnt going to graduate this semester.(C) He didnt know that Jane wanted to be invited.(D) Hes going to invite Jane.2. (A) Listen to the traffic report on the radio(B) Take a later train.(C) Ron to catch the next train.(D) Check the weekend schedule.3. (A) Pelivet the notebook to Kathy.(B) Pind out where Kathy put the notebook.(C) Ask Kathy to explain the chemistry notes.(D) Ask Kathy for the mans notebook.4. (A) The walk is shorter than the woman thinks it is.(B) The lecture has already started.(C) They wont have a problem getting seats.(D) The lecture may be canceled.5. (A) The woman should have studied French in Paris.(B) He didnt study French in high school.(C) Living in Paris helped improve the womans language skills. (D) The woman must have had a good French teacher.6. (A) Apologize to his roommate.(B) Give the notes to the woman.(C) Call the woman tonight.(D) Take the womans notes to his roommate.7. (A) She doesnt have time to talk to Dr. Foster.(B) She needs the additional time to finish her paper.(C) Dr. Foster hasnt finished grading the papers.(D) She wants the man to help her with her paper.8. (A) Phone the Cliffside Inn for a reservation.(B) Ask her parents to come a different weekend.(C) Call local hotels again in a few days.(D) Find a hotel again in a few days.9. (A) Main her some information about the conference.(B) Drive her to the conference.(C) Attend the conference in her place.(D) Collect her main while shes at the conference.10. (A)The man should stop by the bookstore on the way to class. (B) The man can return the books he doesnt need.(C) The man should have bought his books earlier.(D) The man wont need books on the first day of class.11. (A) Help the man with his essay.(B) Ask Sue to rehearse with her.(C) Wait to rehearse until the man has finished his essay.(D) Meinerize her lines by herself.12. (A) Show her the newspaper that hes talking about.(B) Think about getting an internship at another place.(C) Sign up for more than one journalism class.(D) Call The Times about the internship.13. (A) He isnt as good a tennis player as he used to be.(B) He hasnt had time to play tennis recently.(C) He caught a cold shortly after the tournament.(D) He think hes more important than he is.14. (A) Hell graduate before the woman.(B) He hopes to graduate before the summer.(C) He doesnt want to attend school year—round.(D) The woman wont be able to keep up the pace.15. (A) Its too late to buy the morning newspaper.(B) He doesnt want to go to the concert.(C) The box office is closed today.(D) All of the tickets have been sold.16. (A) The woman swims as well as he does.(B) He doesnt have time to teach the woman to swim.(C) He doesnt enjoy swimming.(D) He learned to swim at a young age.17. (A) She has already started working on her research project. (B) She cant decide on a research topic.(C) Shed like to discuss her research with the man.(D) She has to change the subject of her research.18. (A) Introduce the woman to his neighbor.(B) Get a key from his neighbor.(C) Study in his neighbors apartment.(D) Borrow some books from his neighbor.19. (A) The man shouldnt hire the same tutor that she had. (B) She isnt prepared for the midterm exam either.(C) Its too late to find a tutor.(D) The man should hire a tutor before the midterm exam 20. (A) Stay in the hotel for at least two nights.(B) Leave the hotel the next morning.(C) Ask the hotel clerk for her room key.(D) Complain to the manager about the extra charges.21. (A) He doesnt recommend going to Central Mountain. (B) He doesnt plan to go skiing during spring break.(C) He has never been to Central Mountain.(D) He isnt an experienced skier.22. (A) She knows who the top history student is.(B) She hasnt read the campus newspaper today.(C) The man is mistaken.(D) Its surprising that her roommate likes history.23. (A) Hes not qualified to proofread the womans report. (B) Hell be able to talk to the woman in a few minutes. (C) He hadnt noticed a lot of the womans mistakes.(D) He thinks the woman should have asked him sooner. 24. (A) Practice her presentation in front of him.(B) Find out who her audience will be tomorrow.(C) Try not to think about her audience.(D) Watch him make his presentation.25. (A) Shes also curious about who won the game.(B) She didnt go to the game.(C) She was sitting right behind the man at the game. (D) She also left the game early.26. (A) Make a shopping list.(B) Buy some groceries.(C) Finish making the salad.(D) Wait for the woman to return.27. (A) He finds the dictionary very useful.(B) He knows where the woman put the dictionary.(C) he doesnt expect the woman to replace the dictionary. (D) The woman should buy her own dictionary.28. (A) She plans to miss soccer practice.(B) Shell arrive at the party after(C) Soccer practice will end later than usual.(D) Shell go to soccer practice after the party.29. (A) Dr. Smith told her something important.(B) Dr. Smith didnt understand what she said.(C) She wanted to protect Dr. Smiths feelings.(D) She didnt intend to say what she said.30. (A) He sells paint supplies.(B) He plans to take an art class with the woman.(C) He works as an artist.(D)He works in an art museum.31. (A) The cost of meals in the cafeteria.(B) The size of the cafeteria.(C) Career opportunities in cafeterias.(D) The food served in the cafeteria.32. (A) Giving advice on nutrition.(B) Cooking food for the students.(C) Listening to complaints about service.(D) Serving food to the students.33. (A) Find other students who will work in the cafeteria. (B) Collect students opinions about meals.(C) As students to try a new dish he has made.(D) Teach students about the disadvantages of frying food.34. (A) Stop serving hamburgers and fried chicken.(B) Use less sauce on the food.(C) Make some of the meals less fattening.(D) Buy less expensive food.35. (A) Somewhat curious.(B) Very skeptical.(C) Quite irritated.(D) Not at all interested.36. (A) That hell be performing in a concert.(B) That he had a conversation with the director of a choir. (C) That he heard a new musical composition by Barbara Johnson. (D) That hes been translating some Latin poems for a class.37. (A) Theyre members of the Latin club on campus.(B) They work as editors.(C) They attended the same concert.(D) Music is their major field of study.38. (A) She was upset.(B) She was confused.(C) She was amused.(D) She was grateful.39. (A) Some photographs that he took of her during the concert. (B) A tape recording that he made of the concert.(C) A review of the concert that he wrote for the campus paper. (D) The corrected text from the program of the concert.40. (A) The skills cowboys learned on the range.(B) The evolution of rodeos.(C) The recent decline in the popularity of rodeos.(D) The growth of the cattle industry.41. (A) They were small informal events.(B) Competitors were awarded large prizes.(C) Large audiences attended them.(D) There were standard rules for judging events.42. (A) It is the only traveling rodeo.(B) it is the largest agricultural fair.(C) It is the oldest annual rodeo.(D) It was the first rodeo to charge admission.43. (A) How animals react to frightening situations.(B) Why mice are particularly fearful animals.(C) Whether fearfulness is a genetic trait.(D) Why certain animals are feared by humans.44. (A) They fought with the other mice.(B) They stayed close to their mothers.(C) They ran back and forth constantly.(D) They remained close to one wall.45. (A) The extent of damage to the nervous system.(B) The presence or absence of certain nerve—cell receptors.(C) The size of nerve—cell receptors in the brain.(D) The level of danger in the mammals environment.46. (A) To show the relationship between fearfulness and environment.(B) To give examples of animals that arent fearful.(C) To compare fear in mammals to fear in other animals.(D) To identify the nerves that control fear in certain animals.47. (A) Why water flows from artesian springs.(B) How artesian wells are drilled.(C) Why artesian springs are important to geologic research. (D) How aquifers are formed.48. (A)They pump water from the aquifer.(B) They purify the water in the aquifer.(C) They store excess water from the aquifer.(D) They trap water in the aquifer.49. (A)By eroding layers of sediment above it.(B) By traveling through cracks in layers of rock.(C) By reversing its flow down the aquicludes.(D) By boiling up through pores in the aquifer.50. (A) It pushes the water upward.(B) It keeps the water cool.(C) It holds the water underground.(D) It creates holes in the aquiclude.。
托福(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析)
托福(阅读)历年真题试卷汇编4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有: 3. Reading ComprehensionSections Three:Reading ComprehensionEarly Theories of Continental DriftP1: The idea that the geography of Earth was different in the past than it is today is not new. As far back as 1620, Francis Bacon spotted that the west coast of Africa and the east coast of South America looked as if they would fit together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. Between then and 1912, other people identified further similarities between other continental coastlines. But because much of the early support for mobilism was based on far-flung intercontinental similarities, geologists tended to be skeptical of the fieldwork of others.P2: During the late nineteenth century, Austrian geologist Eduard Suess proposed the name “Gondwanaland”in his book The Face of the Earth (1885) and gave far greater emphasis to the evolutionary nature of the earth and he noted the similarities among the Late Paleozoic plant fossils of India, Australia, South Africa, and South America. Based upon glossopteris fern fossils in such regions, he explained that the three land masses were once connected in a supercontinent which he names Gondwanaland, and that the ocean flooded the spaces currently between those lands. Thus, in his view, the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by postulating the concept of a land bridge that existed once but subsided later.P3: Later, a number of refinements to Suess’s theory were made. The American geologist Frank Taylor published a pamphlet in 1910 presenting his concept of “horizontal displacement”. He explained the formation of mountain ranges as a result of the lateral movements of continents. With the earth’s capture of the moon, the gravitational forces between them generated a pull towards lower latitudes where they thickened and formed folded mountain belts especially in middle latitudes. Although we now know that Taylor’s explanation of continental drift is erroneous, one of his most significant contributions was his suggestion that the Mid-Atlantic Ridge—an underwater mountain range discovered by the 1872-1876 British HMS Challenger expeditions—might mark the site at which an ancient continent broke apart, forming the present-day Atlantic Ocean.P4: However, it is Alfred Wegener, a German meteorologist, who is generally credited with developing the hypothesis of continental drift. In his monumental book, The Origin of Continents and Oceans (1915), Wegener theorized that a single supercontinent he called “Pangaea”existed sometime between 350 million to 225 million years ago. Wegner portrayed his grand concept of continental movement in a series of maps showing the breakup of Pangaea and the movement of various continents to their present-day locations. What evidence did Wegener use to support his hypothesis of continental drift? First, Wegener noted that there is geographical similarity along both the coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The opposing coasts of the Atlantic can be fitted together in the same way as two cut off pieces of wood can be refitted. Furthermore, mountain ranges and glacial deposits seem tomatch up in such a way that suggests continents could have once been a single landmass. Finally, many of the same fossils and vegetative remains are found today on widely separated continents, indicating that the continents must have been in proximity at one time. During his days, Wegener was regarded as an advocate rather than as an impartial scientific observer, appearing to ignore vast evidence unfavorable to his ideas and distort other evidence to bring it into harmony with the theory.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea. He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus”occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa. Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.P6 :The debate over continental drift has the same role and stature in the history of the earth sciences as the debate over Darwinian evolution in the history of life sciences and the debates over relativity and quantum theory in the history of physics. In the largest sense, the history of earth science, the history of biology, and the history of physics in the 20th century are all histories of the consolidation of opinion and the formation of broad consensus—that these theories were the best way to organize and advance these sciences.P5: After Wegener’s death, a South African geologist Alexander Du Toit continued to assemble fossil evidence for Pangaea.■He noted that fossils of the now extinct reptile “Mesosaurus” occur in rocks of the same age in both Brazil and South Africa.■Because the physiology of freshwater and marine animals is completely different, it is hard to imagine how a freshwater reptile could have swum across the Atlantic Ocean and then found a freshwater environment nearly identical to its former habitat. ■Moreover, if Mesosaurus could have swum across the ocean, its fossil remains should be widely dispersed. It is more logical to assume that Mesosaurus lived in lakes in what were once adjacent areas of South America and Africa when it was united into a single continent. ■Notwithstanding all of the empirical evidence in favor of continental drift theory presented here, most geologists at the time refused to entertain the idea.1.According to paragraph 2, Eduard Suess believed that similarities of plant and animal fossils on the southern continents were due toA.living in the southern climateB.crossing the land bridgesC.fossilization in the coal layersD.movements of the supercontinent正确答案:B解析:【事实信息题】题目问动植物化石的相似性是因为什么,文中提到“the similarities of fossils on these continents could be accounted for by”所以原因是之前有陆桥后来消失了,答案是B。
TOEFL托福阅读理解真题精选篇
TOEFL托福阅读理解真题精选篇为了让大家更好的预备托福考试,我给大家整理一些托福阅读真题,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。
托福阅读真题1Naturalists and casual observers alike have been struck by the special relationship between squirrels and acorns (the seeds of oak trees). Ecologists, though, cannot observe these energetic mammals scurrying up and down oak trees and eating and burying acorns without wondering about their complex relationship with trees. Are squirrels dispersers and planters of oak forests or pesky seed predators? The answer is not simple. Squirrels may devour many acorns, but by storing and failing to recover up to 74 percent of them as they do when seeds are abundant, these arboreal rodents can also aid regeneration and dispersal of the oaks.Their destructive powers are well documented. According to one report, squirrels destroyed tens of thousands of fallen acorns from an oak stand on the University of Indiana campus. A professor there estimated that each of the large white oaks had produced between two and eight thousand acorns, but within weeks of seed maturity, hardly an intact acorn could be found among the fallen leaves. Deer, turkey, wild pigs, and bears also feed heavily on acorns, but do not store them, andare therefore of no benefit to the trees. Flying squirrels, chipmunks, and mice are also unlikely to promote tree dispersal, as they often store seeds in tree cavities and underground burrows. Only squirrels — whose behavior of caching (hiding) acorns below the leaf litter — often promote successful germination of acorns, and perhaps blue jays, important long-distance dispersers, seem to help oaks spread and reproduce.Among squirrels, though, there is a particularly puzzling behavior pattern. Squirrels pry off the caps of acorns, bite through the shells to get at the nutritious inner kernels, and then discard them half-eaten. The ground under towering oaks is often littered with thousands of half-eaten acorns, each one only bitten from the top. Why would any animal waste so much time and energy and risk exposure to such predators as red-tail hawks only to leave a large part of each acorn uneaten? While research is not conclusive at this point, one thing that is certain is that squirrels do hide some of the uneaten portions, and these acorn halves, many of which contain the seeds, may later germinate.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The ecology of oak trees(B) Factors that determine the feeding habits of Squirrels(C) Various species of animals that promote the dispersal of tree seeds(D) The relationship between squirrels and oak trees2. The word they in line 7 refers to(A) oak forests(B) acorns(C) squirrels(D) predators3. According to the passage , what do squirrels do when large quantities of acorns are available?(A) They do not store acorns.(B) They eat more than 74 percent of available acorns.(C) They do not retrieve all the acorns that they have stored.(D) They hide acorns in tree cavities.4. The word estimated in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) commented(B) judged(C) observed(D) discovered5. Why does the author mention the University of Indiana campus in line 10 -11?(A) to provide evidence that intact acorns are hard to find under oak trees(B) to indicate a place where squirrels can aid seed dispersal of oaks(C) to argue in favor of additional studies concerning the destructive force of squirrels(D) to support the claim that squirrels can do great damage to oak stands6. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that chipmunks do not aid in the dispersal of oak treesbecause(A) they store their acorns where they cannot germinate(B) they consume most of their stored acorns(C) their stored acorns are located and consumed by other species(D) they cannot travel the long distance required for dispersal7. According to the passage , which of the following do squirrels and blue jays have in common?(A) They travel long distances to obtain acorns.(B) They promote the reproduction of oak trees.(C) They bury acorns under fallen leaves.(D) They store large quantities of acorns.8. The phrase pry off in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) swallow(B) remove(C) squeeze(D) locate9. The word littered in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) covered(B) displayed(C) fertilized(D) planted10. According to the passage , scientists cannot explain which of the following aspects of squirrelbehavior?(A) Where squirrels store their acorn caches(B) Why squirrels prefer acorns over other seeds(C) Why squirrels eat only a portion of each acorn they retrieve(D) Why squirrels prefer acorns from a particular species of oak treesPASSAGE 98 DCCBD DBBAC托福阅读真题2Scientists have discovered that for the last 160,000 years, at least, there has been a consistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the air and the average temperature of the planet. The importance of carbon dioxide in regulating the Earths temperature was confirmed by scientists working in eastern Antarctica. Drilling down into a glacier, they extracted a mile-long cylinder of ice from the hole. The glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumulated year afteryear. Thus drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time.The deepest sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow 160,000 years ago. Scientists in Grenoble, France, fractured portions of the core and measured the composition of ancient air released from bubbles in the ice. Instruments were used to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water to get an idea of the prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that particular bit of water became locked in the glacier.The result is a remarkable unbroken record of temperature and of atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide. Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the planet, carbon dioxide levels dropped. When the global temperature dropped 9 F (5 C°), carb°on dioxide levels dropped to 190 parts per million or so. Generally, as each ice age ended and the Earth basked in a warm interglacial period, carbon dioxide levels were around 280 parts per million. Through the 160,000 years of that ice record, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fluctuated between 190 and 280 parts per million, but never rose much higher-until the Industrial Revolution beginning in the eighteenth century and continuing today.There is indirect evidence that the link between carbon dioxide levels and global temperature change goes back much further than theglacial record. Carbon dioxide levels may have been much greater than the current concentration during the Carboniferous period, 360 to 285 million years ago. The period was named for a profusion of plant life whose buried remains produced a large fraction of the coal deposits that are being brought to the surface and burned today.1. Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Chemical causes of ice ages(B) Techniques for studying ancient layers of ice in glaciers(C) Evidence of a relationship between levels of carbon dioxide and global temperature(D) Effects of plant life on carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere2. The word accumulated in line 6 is closest in meaning to.(A) spread out(B) changed(C) became denser(D) built up3. According to the passage , the drilling of the glacier in eastern Antarctica was importantbecause it(A) allowed scientists to experiment with new drilling techniques(B) permitted the study of surface temperatures in an ice-covered region of Earth(C) provided insight about climate conditions in earlier periods(D) confirmed earlier findings about how glaciers are formed4. The phrase tantamount to in line 7 is closest in meaning toA) complementary to(B) practically the same as(C) especially well suited to(D) unlikely to be confused with5. According to the passage , Grenoble, France, is the place where(A) instruments were developed for measuring certain chemical elements(B) scientists first recorded atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide(C) scientists studied the contents of an ice core from Antarctica(D) the relationship between carbon dioxide and temperature was discovered6. According to the passage , scientists used isotopes from the water of the ice core to determinewhich of following?(A) The amount of air that had bubbled to the surface since the ice had formed(B) The temperature of the atmosphere when the ice was formed(C) The date at which water had become locked in the glacier(D) The rate at which water had been frozen in the glacier7. The word remarkable in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) genuine(B) permanent(C) extraordinary(D) continuous8. The word link in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) tension(B) connection(C) attraction(D) distance9. The passage implies that the warmest temperatures among the periods mentioned occurred(A) in the early eighteenth century(B) 160,000 years ago(C) at the end of each ice age(D) between 360 and 285 million years ago10. According to the passage , the Carboniferous period was characterized by(A) a reduction in the number of coal deposits(B) the burning of a large amount of coal(C) an abundance of plants(D) an accelerated rate of glacier formation11. The passage explains the origin of which of the following terms?(A) glacier (line 5)(B) isotopes (line 11)(C) Industrial Revolution (line 21)(D) Carboniferous period (lines 26)PASSAGE 99 CDCBC BCBAC D托福阅读真题3Of all modern instruments, the violin is apparently one of the simplest. It consists in essence of a hollow, varnished wooden sound box, or resonator, and a long neck, covered with a fingerboard, along which four strings are stretched at high tension. The beauty of design, shape, and decoration is no accident: the proportions of the instrument are determined almost entirely by acoustical considerations. Its simplicity of appearance is deceptive. About 70 parts are involved in the construction of a violin. Its tone and its outstanding range of expressiveness make it an ideal solo instrument. No less important, however, is its role as an orchestral and chamber instrument. In combination with the larger and deeper-sounding members of the same family, the violins form the nucleus of the modern symphony orchestra.The violin has been in existence since about 1550. Its importance as an instrument in its own right dates from the early 1600s, when it first became standard in Italian opera orchestras. Its stature as an orchestralinstrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established at his court the orchestra known as Les vingt-quatre violins du Roy (The Kings 24 Violins), which was to become widely famous later in the century.In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact that the strings were thick and were attached to the body of the instrument very loosely. During the eighteenth and nineteenth century, exciting technical changes were inspired by such composer-violinists as Vivaldi and Tartini. Their instrumental compositions demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was produced by using thinner strings and a far higher string tension. Small changes had to be made to the violins internal structure and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain. Accordingly, a higher standard of performance was achieved, in terms of both facility and interpretation. Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developed for very high notes.1. The word standard in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) practical(B) customary(C) possible(D) unusual2. The Kings 24 Violins is mentioned in line 15 to illustrate(A) how the violin became a renowned instrument(B) the competition in the 1600s between French and Italian orchestras(C) the superiority of French violins(D) why the violin was considered the only instrument suitable to be played by royalty3. What is the main idea presented in paragraph 3?(A) The violin has been modified to fit its evolving musical functions.(B) The violin is probably the best known and most widely distributed musical instrument in theworld.(C) The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth century.(D) The technique of playing the violin has remained essentially the same since the 1600s.4. The author mentions Vivaldi and Tartini in line 19 as examples of composers whose music(A) inspired more people to play the violin(B) had to be adapted to the violin(C) demanded more sophisticated violins(D) could be played only by their students5. The word they in line 22 refers to(A) Civaldi and Tartini(B) thinner strings and a higher string tension(C) small changes(D) internal structure and fingerboard6. The word strain in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) struggle(B) strength(C) strategy(D) stress7. The word Accordingly in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) However(B) Consequently(C) Nevertheless(D) Ultimately8. According to the passage , early violins were different from modern violins in that early violins(A) were heavier(B) broke down more easily(C) produced softer tones(D) were easier to play9. According to the passage , which of the following contributes to adull sound being producedby a violin?(A) A long fingerboard(B) A small body(C) High string tension(D) Thick strings10. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) resonator (line 2)(B) solo (line 7)(C) left-hand technique (line 25)(D) fingering patterns (lines 24-25)11. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as contributing to the ability to play modernviolin music EXCEPT(A) more complicated techniques for the left hand(B) different ways to use the fingers to play very high notes(C) use of rare wood for the fingerboard and neck(D) minor alterations to the structure of the instrumentANSWER KEYSPASSAGE 100 BAACD DBCAA C。
托福阅读理解真题汇总
托福阅读理解真题汇总托福阅读真题1The term folk song has been current for over a hundred years, but there is still a good deal of disagreement as to what it actually means. The definition provided by the International Folk Music Council states that folk music is the music of ordinary people, which is passed on from person to person by being listened to rather than learned from the printed page. Other factors that help shape a folk song include: continuity (many performances over a number of years); variation (changes in words and melodies either through artistic interpretation or failure of memory); and selection (the acceptance of a song by the community in which it evolves).When songs have been subjected to these processes their origin is usually impossible to trace. For instance, if a farm laborer were to make up a song and sing it to a-couple of friends who like it and memorize it, possibly when the friends come to sing it themselves one of them might forget some of the words and make up new ones to fill the gap, while the other, perhaps more artistic, might add a few decorative touches to the tune and improve a couple of lines of text. If this happened a few times there would be many different versions, the song's original composer would be forgotten, and the song would become common property. This constant reshaping and re-creation is the essence of folk music. Consequently, modem popular songs and other published music, even though widely sung by people who are not professional musicians, are not considered folk music. The music and words have been set by a printed or recorded source, limiting scope for further artistic creation. These songs'origins cannot be disguised and therefore they belong primarily to the composer and not to a community.The ideal situation for the creation of folk music is an isolated rural community. In such a setting folk songs and dances have a special purpose at every stage in a person's life, from childhood to death. Epic tales of heroic deeds, seasonal songs relating to calendar events, and occupational songs are also likely to be sung.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Themes commonly found in folk music(B) Elements that define folk music(C) Influences of folk music on popular music(D) The standards of the International Folk Music Council2. Which of the following statements about the term folk song is supported by the passage ?(A) It has been used for several centuries.(B) The International Folk Music Council invented it.(C) It is considered to be out-of-date.(D) There is disagreement about its meaning.3. The word it in line 8 refers to(A) community(B) song(C) acceptance(D) memory4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a characteristic of the typical folksong?(A) It is constantly changing over time.(B) It is passed on to other people by being performed.(C) It contains complex musical structures.(D) It appeals to many people.5. The word subjected in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) reduced(B) modified(C) exposed(D) imitated6. The author mentions the farm laborer and his friends (lines 10-14) in order to do which of thefollowing?(A) Explain how a folk song evolves over time(B) Illustrate the importance of music to rural workers(C) Show how subject matter is selected for a folk song(D) Demonstrate how a community, chooses a folk song7. According to the passage , why would the original composers of folk songs be forgotten?(A) Audiences prefer songs composed by professional musicians.(B) Singers dislike the decorative touches in folk song tunes.(C) Numerous variations of folk songs come to exist at the same time.(D) Folk songs are not considered an important form of music.8. The word essence in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) basic nature(B) growing importance(C) full extent(D) first phase9. The author mentions that published music is not considered to be folk music because(A) the original composer can be easily identified(B) the songs attract only the young people in a community(C) the songs are generally performed by professional singers(D) the composers write the music in rural communitiesPASSAGE 56 BDBCC ACAA托福阅读真题2Often enough the craft worker's place of employment in ancient Greece was set in rural isolation. Potter, for instance, found it convenient to locate their workshops near their source of clay, regardless of its relation to the center of settlement. At Corinth and Athens, however, two of the best-known potters' quarters were situated on the cities' outskirts, and potters and makers of terra-cotta figurines were also established well within the city of Athens itself. The techniques of pottery manufacture had evolved well before the Greek period, but marked stylistic developments occurred in shape and in decoration, for example, in the interplay of black and other glazes with the red surface of the fired pot. Athenian black-figure and red-figure decoration, which emphasized human figures rather than animal images, was adopted between 630 and 530 B.C.; its distinctive color and luster were the result of the skillful adjustments of the kiln's temperature during an extended three-stage period if firing the clayware. Whether it was the potters or the vase-painters who initiated changes in firing is unclear, the functions of making and decorating were usually divided between them, but neither group can have been so specialized that they did not share in the concerns of the other.The broad utility of terra-cotta was such that workers in clay could generally afford to confine themselves to either decorated ware and housewares like cooking pots and storage jars orbuilding materials like roof tiles and drainpipes. Some sixth- and fifth-century B.C. Athenian pottery establishments are known to have concentrated on a limited range of fine ware, but a rural pottery establishment on the island of Thasos produced many types of pottery and roof tiles too, presumably to meet local demand. Molds were used to create particular effects for some products, such as relief-decorated vessels and figurines; for other products such as roof tiles, which were in some quantity, they were used to facilitate mass production. There were also a number of poor-quality figurines and painted pots produced in quantity by easy, inexpensive means — as numerous featureless statuettes and unattractive cases testify.1. The passage mainly discusses ancient Greek pottery and its(A) production techniques(B) similarity to other crafts(C) unusual materials(D) resemblance to earlier pottery2. The phrase regardless of in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) as a result of(B) no matter what(C) proud of(D) according to3. It can be inferred from the passage that most pottery establishments in ancient Greece weresituated(A) in city centers(B) on the outskirts of cities(C) where clay could be found(D) near other potters' workshops4. The word marked in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) original(B) attractive(C) noticeable(D) patterned5. The word confine in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) adapt(B) train(C) restrict(D) organize6. It can be inferred from the passage that terra-cotta had which of the following advantages(A) It did not break during the firing process.(B) It was less expensive than other available materials.(C) Its surface had a lasting shine.(D) It could be used for many purposes.7. The word presumably in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) frequently(B) practically(C) preferably(D) probably8. The word they in line 24 refers to(A) molds(B) particular effects(C) products(D) vessels and figurines9. According to the passage , all of the following are true of ancient Greek potters and vasepainters EXCEPT:(A) Their functions were so specialized that they lackedcommon concerns.(B) They sometimes produced inferior ware.(C) They produced pieces that had unusual color and shine.(D) They decorated many of their works with human images.PASSAGE 57 ABCCC DDAA托福阅读真题3Hunting is at best a precarious way of procuring food, even when the diet is supplemented with seeds and fruits. Not long after the last Ice Age, around 7,000 B.C. (during the Neolithic period), some hunters and gatherers began to rely chiefly on agriculture for their sustenance. Others continued the old pastoral and nomadic ways. Indeed, agriculture itself evolved over the course of time, and Neolithic peoples had long known how to grow crops. The real transformation of human life occurred when huge numbers of people began to rely primarily and permanently on the grain they grew and the animals they domesticated.Agriculture made possible a more stable and secure life. With it Neolithic peoples flourished, fashioning an energetic, creative era. They were responsible for many fundamental inventions and innovations that the modern world takes for granted. First, obviously, is systematic agriculture —that is, the reliance of Neolithic peoples on agriculture as their primary, not merely subsidiary, source of food.Thus they developed the primary economic activity of the entire ancient world and the basis of all modern life. With the settled routine of Neolithic farmers came the evolution of towns and eventually cities. Neolithic farmers usually raised more food than they could consume, and their surpluses permitted larger, healthier populations. Population growth in turn created an evengreater reliance on settled farming, as only systematic agriculture could sustain the increased numbers of people. Since surpluses of food could also be bartered for other commodities, the Neolithic era witnessed the beginnings of large-scale exchange of goods. In time the increasing complexity of Neolithic societies led to the development of writing, prompted by the need to keep records and later by the urge to chronicle experiences, learning, and beliefs.The transition to settled life also had a profound impact on the family. The shared needs and pressures that encourage extended-family ties are less prominent in settled than in nomadic societies. Bonds to the extended family weakened. In towns and cities, the nuclear family was more dependent on its immediate neighbors than on kinfolk.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Why many human societies are dependent on agriculture(B) the changes agriculture brought to human life(C) How Neolithic peoples discovered agriculture(D) Why the first agricultural societies failed2. The word precarious in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) uncertain(B) humble(C) worthy(D) unusual3. The author mentions seeds and fruits in line 2 as examples of(A) the first crops cultivated by early agricultural societies(B) foods eaten by hunters and gatherers as a secondary food source(C) types of food that hunters and gatherers lacked in theirdiets(D) the most common foods cultivated by early agricultural societies4. The word settled in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) advanced(B) original(C) involved(D) stable5. According to the passage , agricultural societies produced larger human populations becauseagriculture(A) created more varieties of food(B) created food surpluses(C) resulted in increases in leisure time(D) encouraged bartering6. According to the passage , all of the following led to the development of writing EXCEPT the(A) need to keep records(B) desire to write down beliefs(C) extraction of ink from plants(D) growth of social complexity7. The word chronicle in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) repeat(B) exchange(C) understand(D) describe8. According to the passage , how did the shift to agricultural societies impact people's familyrelationships?(A) The extended family became less important.(B) Immediate neighbors often became family members.(C) The nuclear family became self-sufficient.(D) Family members began to wok together to raise food.9. The author mentions all of the following as results of the shift to agricultural societies EXCEPT(A) an increase in invention and innovation(B) emergence of towns and cities(C) development of a system of trade(D) a decrease in warfare10. Which of the following is true about the human diet prior to the Neolithic period?(A) It consisted mainly of agricultural products(B) It varied according to family size.(C) It was based on hunting and gathering.(D) It was transformed when large numbers of people no longer depended on the grain they grewthemselves.PASSAGE 58 BABDB CDADC。
TOEFL托福阅读真题整合
TOEFL托福阅读真题整合托福阅读真题1__ 31Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II.In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. Under New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any increase in the overall price level.In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters.One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability —rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The construction of apartments in the United States.(B) Causes and effects of rent control(C) The fluctuations of rental prices(D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States.2. The word They in line 9 refers to(A) the tenants(B) their leases(C) places(D) rent controls.3. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica,California?(A) rapid population growth(B) inflation(C) economic conditions during wartime(D) record-high housing prices4. The phrase roll back in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) credit(B) measure(C) vary(D) reduce5. The word stimulating in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) experimenting with(B) identifying(C) estimating(D) encouraging6. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to(A) protect tenants(B) promote construction(C) increase vacancy rates(D) decrease sales of rental units7. The word depressed in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) saddened(B) created(C) lowered(D) defeated8. The information in the last paragraph supports which of the following statements?(A) San Francisco has eliminated its rent control laws.(B) Rent control leads to a reduction in the construction of housing units(C) Luxury apartments are rarely built when there is rent control(D) There is a growing need for government-subsidized housing.9. According to the passage , which of the following cities does NOT currently have rent controls?(A) Santa Monica(B) Dallas(C) San Francisco(D) New York City10. The word stringent in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) straightforward(B) strict(C) expanded(D) efficient11. According to the passage , which of the following is NOT exempt from rent control?(A) Luxury apartments(B) Commercial development(C) Moderately priced apartments(D) Office space.__ 31 BDCDD ACBBB C托福阅读真题232By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into the American colonies through books and prints, European visitors andimmigrants, and traveling colonists who brought back copies (and a few original) of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions.By the outbreak of the Revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing, gilding teaching, keeping shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, and signs. The terminology by which artists were described at the time suggests their status: limner was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760's; painter characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century, colonial artists who were trained in England or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons. Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens andHamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West, and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste — a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) European influence on colonial American painting(B) The importance of patronage to artist(C) The changing status of artists in the American colonies in the eighteenth century(D) Subjects preferred by artists in the American colonies in theeighteenth century.2. The word outbreak in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) cause(B) beginning(C) position(D) explanation3. The word undergone in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) led to(B) transformed(C) preferred(D) experienced4. According to the passage , before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to(A) paint wheel carriages(B) paint portraits(C) varnish furniture(D) paint flat surfaces5. I t can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England(A) considered artists to be superior to painters(B) barely painted portraitists(C) were often very wealthy(D) imitated English painters6. The word consorted in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) made decisions(B) studies(C) agreed(D) associated7. The word sufficient in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) adequate(B) temporary(C) friendly(D) expensive8. According to the passage , artists such as Copley, West and Peal signed their paintings(A) increased the monetary value of the paintings(B) made it more difficult for other artists to copy the paintings(C) supported the artists' image of professionalism(D) distinguished colonial American artists from European artists9. The author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in line 17 as examples of which ofthe following?(A) Art gallery owners who displayed only European art(B) Art collectors who had a profound influence on American attitudes toward art(C) Artists who gave financial support to other artists(D) Patrons whose helped to encourage artisans to become artists10. With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?(A) Countries that have not had a political revolution are unlikely to develop great art.(B) The most successful art collectors are usually artists themselves.(C) The value of colonial American paintings decreased after the Revolution.(D) Colonial artists made an important contribution to the evolving culture of the new nation.__ 32 CBDBA DACBD托福阅读真题3__ 33Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing auniversity to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision.Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember.On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question What will I do after graduation? A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year.A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long- range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) A tool to assist in making complex decisions.(B) A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions(C) Research on how people make decisions(D) Differences between long-range and short-range decision making2. The word essential in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) introductory(B) changeable(C) beneficial(D) fundamental3. The word pertinent in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) relevant(B) preceding(C) insightful(D) responsive4. Of the following steps, which occurs before the others in making a decision worksheet?(A) Listing the consequences of each solution(B) Calculating a numerical summary of each solution(C) Deciding which consequences are most important(D) Writing down all possible solutions5. According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that(A) has the fewest variables to consider(B) uses the most decision worksheets(C) has the most points assigned to it(D) is agreed to by the greatest number of people6. The author develops the discussion in paragraph 1 bymeans of(A) describing a process(B) classifying types of worksheets(C) providing historical background(D) explaining a theory7. The author states that On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds atonce (lines 17-18) to explain that(A) most decisions involve seven steps(B) human mental capacity has limitations(C) some people have difficulty making minor as well as major decisions(D) people can learn to keep more than seven ideas in their minds with practice8. The word succinct in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) creative(B) satisfactory(C) personal(D) concise9. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage(A) Proponents (line 5)(B) Optimal (line 5)(C) Variables (line 17)(D) Long-range goals (line 25)10. The word it in line 24 refers to(A) worksheet(B) problem(C) distinction(D) decision11. The word revise in line 26 is closest in meaning to。
托福真题:托福真题_历年托福考试试题-托福真题
托福真题:托福真题:历年托福考试试题-托福真题托福真题:历年托福考试试题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) She doesn’t think the shirt comes in a bigger size .(B) She thinks shirt will fit the man.(C) A checked shirt won’t look good on the man.(D) The bigger sizes are more expensive.2. (A) She expects the man to have it.(B) She’s angry with the man for forgetting it.(C) She doesn’t know where it is.(D) She’d like the man to return it by tonight.3. (A) She didn’t buy the ticket.(B) The ticket was expensive.(C) She doesn’t know how much the ticket cost.(D) There are still a few tickets left.4. (A) Eat a bigger breakfast.(B) Make time for lunch in her schedule.(C) Take only morning classes next semester.(D) Change her schedule after she eats lunch.5. (A) He’s quitting the band for academic reasons.(B) He didn’t enjoy being a member of the band.(C) He’s getting academic credit for being in the band.(D) He’s taking time off from his studies to join the band.6. (A) His suit is too old to wear.(B) He doesn’t want to buy new clothes.(C) He doesn’t want to wear a suit.(D) He’ll go shopping with the woman.7. (A) Calculate the bill again.(B) Refuse to pay the bill.(C) He doesn’t want to wear a suit.(D) He’ll go shopping with the woman.8. (A) Sara rarely makes mistakes.(B) Sara usually says what she thinks.(C) Sara’s boss is hard to work with.(D) The secretary wasn’t hard worker.9. (A) Sh e’d prefer to see a different type of movie thana comedy.(B) She has already finished her research paper.(C) She won’t be able to go to a movie with the man.(D) She’d like the man to help her with her research pape r.10. (A) He prefers to work part time.(B) He wants to change his class schedule.(C) He’s having a difficult time finding a part-time job.(D) He doesn’t want to work on campus.11. (A) She doesn’t think it will snow.(B) The location of the session has been changed.(C) The session might be canceled.(D) She’ll probably be too tired to walk to the session.12. (A) Use bleach on his socks.(B) Buy new white socks.(C) Wash his red T-shirt again.(D) Throw away his pink socks.13. (A) He has n’t talked to his brother since he transferr ed.(B) He doesn’t think his brother should transfer.(C) His brother doesn’t want to transfer.(D) He hadn’t heard the&n[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页托福真题:历年托福考试试题bsp;news about his brother.14. (A) Which seminar the woman wants to sign up for.(B) If the woman keeps money at the bank.(C) Where the woman learned about the seminar.(D) If the woman has taken other classes on personal financ es.15. (A) He’s used to cold weather.(B) He expected the weather to be warmer over the weekend.(C) He has never liked the weather in October.(D) He didn’t see the forecast for the weekend.16. (A) Leave the art exhibit.(B) Help the man understand the display.(C) Take the artwork down.(D) Call the museum director.17. (A) He thinks he’s very organized.(B) He doesn’t want to join the display.(C) He doesn’t think he should lead the study group.(D) He knows someone who can lead the study group.18. (A) He doesn’t know where his brother keeps his comput er.(B) The woman should buy a used computer.(C) He doesn’t know how much computers cost.(D) His brother paid too much for the computer.19. (A) It’s been to warm to wear the jacket.(B) The jacket is too big for him.(C) He doesn’t like cold weather.(D) He didn’t buy the jacket until cooler weather arrived.20. (A) He started the semester in a bad mood.(B) He’s not usually bad-tempered.(C) He has few responsibilities.(D) He doesn’t like the man.21. (A) He forgot to cancel the reservation.(B) They can go to the restaurant after the woman has fini shed working.(C) He has to work late tonight.(D) They don’t have a reservation at the restaurant.22. (A) Watch a TV program related to his project.(B) Think about taking a less advanced sociology class.(C) Finish his project as soon as possible.(D) Reconsider his decision to interview so many people.23. (A) Try on a smaller sweater.(B) Look for another style at a different store.(C) Give the sweater away as a gift.(D) Exchange the sweater for a bigger one.24. (A) She plans to send a package to Canada.(B) She doesn’t know the postage for a package to Australi a.(C) She has relatives in Australia.(D) She’ll help the man wrap the package.25. (A) Send back his food.(B) Compliment the waiter on the food.(C) Tell the waiter about the mistake.(D) Order something else.26. (A) She doesn’t speak Spanish very well.(B) She doesn’t have to study a foreign language.(C) She performed poorly on a recent Spanish test.上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页托福真题:历年托福考试试题(D) She doesn’t remember living in Mexico.27. (A) He’s taking the next train to Philadelphia.(B) He has an extra train schedule.(C) He missed his train.(D) He’s familiar with the train station. 28. (A) He’d like the woman to take his picture.(B) He’d like to borrow the woman’s camera this weekend.(C) His camera takes better pictures than the woman’s camer a.(D) His camera is smaller than the woman’s camera.29. (A) Ask Professor Bell to help the club.(B) Introduce the woman to Professor Bell.(C) Write an article about Professor Bell’s interests.(D) Find out which biology classes Professor Bell teaches.30. (A) She wasn’t wearing a scarf when she arrived.(B) She’ll help the man look for his scarf.(C) She likes the color the man’s scarf.(D) The man didn’t take her scarf.31. (A) A concert the woman attended.(B) The man’s collection of CD’s.(C) A new software programs.(D) An instrument the woman is learning to play.32. (A) She lost one of his CD’s.(B) She didn’t invite him to the concert.(C) She missed class.(D) She forgot about a meeting.33. (A) It does not need to be turned.(B) It has two sets of strings.(C) Its pitch is exceptionally high.(D) It is played with the hands and feet.34. (A) A baritone.(B) Some CD’S.(C) A computer program.(D) His class notes.35. (A) The woman’s house.(B) The concert.(C) The club meeting.(D) The music shop.36. (A) How rocks are eroded.(B) How sediment hardens into rock.(C) How flood plains develop.(D) How minerals are extracted from rock.37. (A)How rocks are eroded.(B)How strata are formed in rock.(C)Why flooding makes geological investigations difficult.(D)Which minerals can be found in rock38. (A)The deposits aren’t made of organic material.(B)The deposits aren’t found everywhere in the world.(C).The deposits harden under conditions of heat and pressure .(D)The deposits don’t form at regular time invervals.39. (A) Where fossils are most commonly found.(B) How a geological discovery was made.(C).Why rivers flood.(D)The differences between two geological periods.40. (A) A museum exhibition of African baskets.(B) Changes in basket-weaving.(C) Differences between African and American baskets.(D)The development of basket weaving in one town.41. (A)Their mothers taught them.(B)They traveled to Africa.(C)They learned in&上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页托福真题:历年托福考试试题nbsp;school.(D)They taught themselves.42. (A)Fruit baskets.(B)Work baskets.(C)Baby cradles.(D)Clothes baskets.43. (A)They sell them as a hobby.(B)They make them as a hobby.(C)They use them on their farms.44. (A)How insects breed in extreme desert temperatures.(B)Different types of beetles.(C)They send them to museums.(D)How beetles can defeat a plant’s defense system.45. (A)Its resin isn’t poisonous.(B)It can shoot its resin a great distance.(C)It leaves have no veins.(D)It doesn’t need much water to grow well.46. (A)By severing the veins that carry the poison.(B)By eating only the stem of the plant.(C)By changing the plant’s chemistry.(D)By eating only at night.47. (A)Their literary value.(B)The debate over who wrote them.(C)The time period in which they were written.(D)Why they are still popular today.48. (A)The Iliad was written after the Odyssey.(B)The first European poems weren’t written in Greek.(C)The poet called Homer wrote the Iliad but not the Odysse y.(D)The poet called Homer never existed.49. (A)The portrayal of the characters in the poems.(B)Archaeological findings in Greece.(C)Research conducted by Milman Parry.(D)Claims made by ancient Greed authors about the poems.50. (A) Other poems written by Homer.(B) A comparison of modern versus ancient Creekpoetry.(C) A twentieth-century scholar’s conclusions about Homer.(D)Poetry by Milman Parry.Section Two Structure and Written ExpressionTime: 25 minutes1. The gray scale, a progressive series of shades ranging f rom black to white, is used incomputer graphics ---- detail to graphical images.(A) added(B) to add(C) are added(D) and add2. By ----excluding competition from an industry, governments have oft en created public service monopolies.(A) they adopt laws(B) laws are adopted(C) adopting laws(D) having laws adopt3. ----skeleton of an insect is on the outside of its body.(A) Its(B) That the(C) There is a(D) The4. Lenses, ----are used to correct imperfections in eyesight.(A) are the forms of glasses and contact lenses(B) in the form of glasses and contact lenses(C) glasses and contact lenses which form(D) glasses and contact lenses may be formed5. In eighteenth-century North America, printed engravings provided ----of rococo style.(A) the most manifestation widespread(B) manifestation widespr上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页托福真题:历年托福考试试题ead the most(C) the widespread manifestation most(D) the most widespread manifestation6. In the Arctic tundra, ice fog may form under clear skie s in winter, ----coastal fogs or low status clouds are common in summer.(A) because of(B) whereas(C) despite(D) that7. On attaining maximum size, ----by drawing itself out and dividing into two daughter amoeb as, each receiving identical nuclear materials.(A) the reproduction of the amoeba(B) the amoeba, which reproduces(C) reproducing the amoeba(D) the amoeba reproduces8. For the advertiser, one of the greatest appeals of radio is ---- an audience all day long.(A) that it has(B) that to have(C) to have it(D) having it9. Charles Schulz’s comic strip, “Peanuts,”features childr en who make --- about life.(A) funny, wise statements that(B) which funny, wise statements(C) statements are funny but wise(D) funny but wise statements10. One of the major rivers of the western United States, ---- flows for some 1,500 miles fromColorado to northwestern Mexico.(A) it is the Colorado River(B) the Colorado River which(C) and the Colorado River(D) the Colorado River11. In art, the tendency of gouache colors to lighten on d rying makes ---- a wide range ofpearly or pastel-like effects.(A) it is possible(B) possible(C) possible to be(D) it possible the12. Isabel Bishop was one of many American artists ----by the government during theDepression years on various federal art projects.(A) employed(B) whose employment(C) to employ(D) had been employed13. Outbreaks of diseases in trees commonly occur ----stressed because of drought or otherenvironmental factors.(A) as forests that become(B) in forests become(C) that become forests(D) when forests become14. To break thick ice, an icebreaker boat moves fast enough to ride up on the ice, ---- under its weight.(A) so then breaks(B) when breaks it(C) which then breaks(D) for which then breaks15. Cholesterol is present in large quantities in the nervou s system, where ---- compound ofmyelin.(A) it a(B) a(C) being a(D) it is a16. Painters of the early twentieth century who were known primarily for they colorful landscapes, the A B C Group of Seven changed is name to the Canadian Group上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页托福真题:历年托福考试试题;of Painters in 1933.D17. Most animals have nervous systems, sense organs, and spe cialized modes of locomotion, and are A B C capable of sec uring ingesting, and to digest food.D18. The cork oak tree has a layer of cork several inches thickness that can be stripped every ten years.A B C D19. Inflation, interest rates, and overall economic active ca n be governed by the United States Federal A B CReserve’s decision to adjust the supply of money to the ec onomy.D20. Free radicals of oxygen, which common by-products of metabobr>(A) temper(B) glazes(C) kilns(D) compounds50.The passage mentions that when pottery is fired under bur ning wood ,the ashes help(A) prevent the clay from cracking(B) produce a more consistently baked pot(C) attain a very high temperature(D) give the vessel a glasslike finish上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]。
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0308托福试题阅读(55minutes)Question 1-11If food is allowed to stand for some time, it putrefies .When the putrefied materialis examined microscopically ,it is found to be teeming with bacteria. Where do thesebacteria come from , since they are not seen in fresh food? Even until the mid-nineteenthcentury, many people believed that such microorganisms originated by spontaneous(5 ) generation ,a hypothetical process by which living organisms develop from nonlivingmatter.The most powerful opponent of the theory of spontaneous generation was the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur(1822-1895).Pasteur showed that structurespresent in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials .He did (10) this by passing air through guncotton filters, the fibers of which stop solid particles. After the guncotton was dissolved in a mixture of alcohol and ether, the particles that it hadtrapped fell to the bottom of the liquid and were examined on a microscope slide .Pasteurfound that in ordinary air these exists a variety ofsolid structures ranging in size from0.01 mm to more than 1.0 mm .Many of thesebodies resembled the reproductive(15)structures of common molds, single-celled animals, and various other microbial cells .As many as 20 to 30 of them were found in fifteen liters of ordinary air ,and they couldnot be distinguished from the organisms found in much larger numbers in putrefying materials .Pasteur concluded that the organisms found in putrefying materials originatedfrom the organized bodies present in the air .He postulated that these bodies are constantly(20)being deposited on all objects.Pasteur showed that if a nutrient solution was sealed in a glass flask and heated toboiling to destroy all the living organisms contaminating it, it never putrefied .The proponents of spontaneous generation declared that fresh air was necessary forspontaneous generation and that the air inside the sealed flask was affected in some way(25)by heating so that it would no longer supportspontaneous generation. Pasteur constructed a swan-necked flask in which putrefying materials could he heated to boiling, but aircould reenter. The bends in the neck prevented microorganisms from getting in the flask..Material sterilized in such a flask did not putrefy.1,What does the passage mainly discuss?(a)Pasteur’s influence on the development of the microscope.(b)The origin of the theory of spontaneous generation .(c)The effects of pasteurization on food.(d)Pasteur’s argument against the theory of spontaneous generation .2,The phrase “teeming with ”in line 2 is closest in meaning to(a)full of(b)developing into(c)resistant to(d)hurt by3,Which of the following questions did the theory of spontaneous generation attempt to answer?(a)What is the origin of the living organisms are seen on some food?(b)How many types of organisms can be found on food?(c)What is the most effective way to prepare living organisms for microscopic examination?(d)How long can food stand before it putrefies?4,The word “resemble” in line 9 is closest in meaning to(a)benefit from(b)appear similar to(c)join together with(d)grow from5,The purpose of the “guncotton” mentioned in paragraph 2 was to(a)trap particles for analysis(b)slow the process of putrefaction(c)increase the airflow to the microscopic slide(d)aid the mixing of alcohol and ether6,The author mention “1.0mm”in line 14 in describing the(a)thickness of a layer of organisms that was deposited on an object(b)diameter of the fibers that were in the guncotton filters(c)thickness of the microscope slides that were used(d)size of the particles that that were collected7.The word “postulated”in line 19 is closest in meaning to(a)analyzed(b)doubted(c)persuaded(d)suggested8.The objects that Pasteut removed from the air in his experiment were remarkable because they were(a)primarily single-celled organisms(b)no different from objects found in putrefying materials(c)fairly rare(d)able to live in a mixture of alcohol and ether9.The word “it” in line 22 refers to(a)a nutrient solution(b)a glass flask(c)boiling(d)spontaneous generation10.According to paragraph 3,proponents of spontaneous generation believed that which of the following was important for the process to succeed ?(a)A sealed container(b)Fresh air(c)Heat(d)The presence of nutrients11.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that Pasteur employed a swam-necked flask to(a)store sterilized liquids for use in future experiments(b)prevent heat from building up in a solution(c)disprove a criticism of his conclusions(d)estimate the number of organisms in a liter of air Questions 12-20In the early decades of the United States ,the agrarian movement promoted the farmeras society’s hero. In the minds of agrarian thinkers and writers ,the farmer was a person on whose well-being the health of the new country depended .The period between theRevolution, which ended in 1783,and the Civil War ,which ended in 1865 ,was the age of(5 )the farmer in the United States .Agrarian philosophers ,represented most eloquently by Thomas Jefferson, celebrated farmers extravagantly for their supposed centrality in a good society, their political virtue ,and their Superior morality .And virtually all policy makers, whether they subscribed to the tenets of the philosophy held by Jefferson or not, recognized agriculture as the key component of the American economy .Consequently ,government at(10) all levels worked to encourage farmers as a social group and agriculture as economicenterprise.Both the national and state governments developed transportation infrastructure,building canals, roads, bridges, and railroads ,deepening harbors ,and removing obstructions from navigable streams .The national government imported plant and animal varieties and(15) launched exploring expeditions into prospectivefarmlands in the West .In addition ,government trade policies facilitated the exporting of agricultural products.For their part ,farmers seemed to meet the social expectations agrarian philosophershad for them ,as their broader horizons and greater self-respect, both products of the Revolution ,were reflected to some degree in their behavior .Farmers seemed to become(20) more scientific ,joining agricultural societies and reading the farm newspapers that sprangup throughout the country .They began using improved implements, tried new crops and pure animal breeds , and became more receptive to modern theories of soil improvement .They also responded to inducements by national and state governments .Farmersstreamed to the West ,filling frontier lands with stunning rapidity .But farmers responded (25) less to the expectations of agrarians andgovernment inducements than to growing market opportunities .European demand for food from the United States seemed insatiable . War, industrialization , and urbanization all kept demand high in Europe . United States citiesand industries grew as well; even industries not directly related to farming thrived becauseof the market, money ,and labor that agriculture provided .12.What does the passage mainly discuss?(a)The agrarian philosophy of Thomas Jefferson(b)The role of the national government in the development of agriculture(c)Improvements in farming techniques(d)The impact of the increased importance of the farmer13.The word “depended” in line 3 is closest in meaning to(a)improved(b)relied(c)demanded(d)explained14.The author mentions Thomas Jefferson in paragraph 1 as an example of(a)a leader during the Revolution(b)an inventor of new farming techniques(c)a philosopher who believed farmers were essential to the creation of a good society(d)a farmer who guided the agrarian movement toward an emphasis on economic development15.The phrase “subscribed to” in line 8 is closest in meaning to(a)contributed to(b)agreed with(c)thought about(d)expanded on16.Which of the following statements is supported by the information in paragraph 1?(a)All government policy makers accepted Jefferson’s views of agriculture and farmers.(b)Agricultural production declined between 1783 and 1861.(c)The majority of farmers worked for the government.(d)Agriculture was a vital part of the nation’s economy.17.According to the passage , the national and state governments did all of the following EXCEPT(a)build roads(b)import new plant varieties(c)give farmers money for their crops(d)develop policies that helped farmers export their products18.All of the following are mentioned as examples of farmers’ meeting the expectations of agrarian philosophers EXCEPT(a)obtaining information from farm newspapers(b)accumulating personal wealth(c)planting new crops(d)becoming more scientific19.The word “stunning” in line 24 is closest in meaning to(a)predictable(b)impressive(c)famous(d)gradual20.Which of the following statements is best supported by paragraph 4?(a)Agricultural development contributed to development in other parts of the economy.(b)European agricultural products were of a higher quality than those produced in the United States. (c)The growing settlement of the West led to a decrease in agricultural production.(d)Farmers were influenced more by government policies than by market opportunities.Question 21-29The wide variety of climates in North America has helped spawn a complex pattern ofsoil regions. In general, the realm’s soils also reflect the broad environmental partitioninginto “humid America” and “arid America.” Where annual precipitation exceeds 20 inches(50 centimeters),soils in humid areas tend to be acidic in chemical content, Since crops(5 ) do best in soils that are neither acidic(higher inacid content) nor alkaline(higher in salt content).fertilization is necessary to achieve the desired level of neutrality between thetwo. Arid America’s soils are typically alkaline and must be fertilized back towardneutrality by adding acidic compounds. Although many of these dryland soils, particularly in the Great Plains, are quite fertile, European settlers learned over a century ago that(10) water is the main missing ingredient in achieving their agricultural potential. In the1970’s, certain irrigation methods were perfected and finally provided a real opportunity to expand more intensive farming west from the Central Lowland into the drier portionsof the Great Plains. Glaciation also enhanced the rich legacy of fertile soils in the centralUnited States,both from the deposition of mineral-rich glacial debris left by meltwater(15) and from thick layers of fine wind-blown glacial material, called loess, in and around themiddle Mississippi Valley.Natural vegetation patterns could be displayed on a map of North America, but the enormous human modification of the North American environment in modern times hasall but reduced this regionalization scheme to the level of the hypothetical. Nonetheless,(20) the humid America-arid America dichotomy is still a valid generalization: the naturalvegetation of areas receiving more than 20 inches of water yearly is forest, whereas thedrier climates give rise to a grassland cover. The forests of North America tent to makea broad transition by latitude. In the Canadian North, needle-leaf forests dominate, butthese coniferous trees become mixed with broadleaf deciduous trees as one crosses the (25) border into the Northeast United States. As oneproceeds toward the Southeast, broadleafvegetation becomes dominant. Arid America mostly consists of short-grass prairies orstepper. The only areas of true desert are in the Southwest.21 What aspect of North America does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The wide variety of climates(B)Soil types and vegetation patterns(C)Improved irrigation methods and the expansion of agriculture(D)The change in precipitation patterns22 The word “spawn ” in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A)distinguish(B)eliminate(C)protect(D)create23 The word “partitioning” in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A)division(B)modification(C)opening(D)circulating24 According to the passage, acidic soils tent to be associated with(A)a high salt content(B)an increase in farming(C)large amounts of rain(D)glacial meltwater25 The word “enhanced” in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A)implied(B)increased(C)indicated(D)informed26 How did glacial meltdown affect the soil in North America?(A)It redistributed the soil types(B)It added salt to the soil(C)It made the soil more neutral in content(D)It added minerals to the soil27 The phrase “this regionalization scheme” in line 19 refers to the(A)movements of glacial deposits(B)patterns of natural vegetation(C)human modification of the North American environment(D)distinction between humid America and arid America28 The word “transition” in line 23 is closest inmeaning to(A)elevation(B)change(C)advantage(D)condition29 The passage supports which of the following statements?(A)Arid America is not necessarily characterized by the presence of deserts(B)Most of Canada and the northeastern United States consists of short-grass prairies wherever natural vegetation has not been modified by humans(C)The accumulation of loess is primarily the result of irrigation(D)Glaciation removed the fertile layer of soil from much of the Mississippi ValleyQuestions 30-40Most sources of illumination generate light over an appreciable period, and indeed ifan object is lit for a very brief time(less that 1/25 second), the human eye will not reactin time to see the object. A photographic emulsion---that is, a light-sensitive coating on photographic film, paper, or glass---will, however, record much shorter bursts of light. A(5 ) photographic flash can therefore be used tocapture high-speed movement on film as well as to correct deficiencies of the normal surrounding lighting. Photoflash is now generated electronically, but the earliest form, first used in 1864, was a paper bag containingmagnesium wire and some oxygen-rich substance, such as potassium chlorate. When the bag was ignited, the metal burned with an intense flash. A contemporary observer reported (10) that “this quite unsafe device seems to have done nothing worse that engulf the room indense smoke and lead to pictures of dubious quality and odd poses.”The evolution of the photoflash was slow, flashbulbs, containing fine wire made of ametal, such as magnesium or aluminum, capable of being ignited in an atmosphere of pure oxygen at low pressure, were introduced only in the 1920’s. In the earliest type, the metal (15) was separated from the oxygen by a thin glass bulb. The flash was fired by piercing thebulb and allowing the oxygen to come into contact with the metal, which ignitedspontaneously. Later bulbs were fired by an electric battery, which heated the wire bypassing a small current through it. Other combinations, such as the pairing of oxygen difluoride with zirconium, have also been used. In each case enough energy is given out to(20) heat the oxidizable metal momentarily to awhite-hot emission of visible light. The smoke particles are so small that they cool rapidly; butsince they are white, they contribute to thebrilliance by reflecting the light from their still-glowing neighbors. A slightly bigger formof the metal will burn for a longer time.30 What does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The history of the photoflash(B)Theories about how the eye reacts to light(C)The technology of modern photography(D)The dangers of using the early photoflash31 According to the passage,1/25 second is the minimum amount of time required for the(A)recording of an image on film(B)generation of artificial light(C)creation of a photographic emulsion(D)human eye to react to light32 According to the passage, an advantage of usinga photoflash is that it(A)can produce repeated bursts of light(B)intensities colors in photographs(C)is short enough not to bother human eyes(D)supplements existing lighting33 The word “ignited” in line 9 is closest inmeaning to(A)set on fire(B)cut into(C)opened(D)shaken34 Which of the following phrases is defined in paragraph 1?(A)”appreciable period”(line 1)(B)”photographic emulsion”(line 3)(C)”high-speed movement”(line 5)(D)”odd poses”(line 11)35 The word “evolution” in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A)publicity(B)adoption(C)development(D)manufacture36 The function of the glass in the first flashbulbs was to(A)produce the spark that initiated the flash(B)magnify the light produced by the flash(C)protect the photographer from the heat of the flash(D)keep the metal and oxygen apart before the flash37 The word “it” in line 18 refers to(A)oxygen(B)battery(C)wire(D)current38 The word “momentarily” in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A)effortlessly(B)briefly(C)electronically(D)gradually39 According to the passage, the white color of the smoke particles generated by a flashbulb contributes to(A)rapid cooling(B)bright illumination(C)electrical conductivity(D)intense heat40 According to the passage, a flashbulb can be made to burn longer by using(A)thicker wire(B)more oxygen(C)thinner glass(D)continuous electricityQuestions 41-50The stylistic innovation in paining known as Impressionism began in the 1870’s. The Impressionists wanted to depict what they saw in nature, but they were inspired to portray fragmentary moments by the increasingly fast pace of modern life. They concentrated onthe play of light over objects, people, and nature, breaking up seemingly solid surfaces,(5 ) stressing vivid contrast between colors in sunlight and shade, and depiction reflected light in all of its possibilities. Unlike earlier artists, they did not want to observe the world from indoors. They abandoned the studio, painting in the open air and recording spontaneous Impressions of their subjects instead of making outside sketches and then moving indoorsto complete the work form memory.(10) Some of the Impressionists’ painting methods were affected by technologicaladvances. For example, the shift from the studio to the open air was made possible inpart by the advent of cheap rail travel, which permitted easy and quick access to thecountryside or seashore, as well as by newly developed chemical dyes and oils that ledto collapsible paint tubes, which enabled artists to finish their paintings on the spot.(15) Impressionism acquired its name not fromsupporters but from angry art lovers whofelt threatened by the new painting. The term “Impressionism” was born in 1874,whena group of artists who had been working together organized an exhibition of theirpaintings in order to draw public attention to their work. Reaction from the public andpress was immediate, and derisive. Among the 165 paintings exhibited was one called(20)Impression: Sunrise, by Claude Monet(1840-1926),Viewed through hostile eyes,Monet’s painting of a rising sun over a misty, watery scene seemed messy, slapdash,and an affront to good taste. Borrowing Monet’s title, art critics extended the term “Impressionism” to the entire exhibit. In response, Monet and his 29 fellow artists inthe exhibit adopted the same name as a badge of their unity, despite individual differences.(25) From then until 1886 Impressionism had all the zeal of a “church”, as the painter Renoirput it. Monet was faithful to the Impressionist creed until his death, although many of theothers moved on to new styles.41 What aspect of painting in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?(A)The impact of some artists’ resistance to the fast pace of life(B)The differences between two major styles of art(C) A technological advance in the materials used by artists(D) A group of artists with a new technique and approach to art42 The word “depict” in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A)reorganize(B)deform(C)represent(D)justify43 According to the passage, which of the following was one of the distinguishing characteristics of Impressionist painting?(A)The emphasis on people rather than nature scenes(B)The way the subjects were presented from multiple angles(C)The focus on small solid objects(D)The depiction of the effects of light and color44 Which of the following is a significant way in which Impressionists were different from the artists that preceded them?(A)They began by making sketches of their subjects(B)They painted their subjects out-of-doors(C)They preferred to paint from memory(D)They used subjects drawn from modern life45 The word “advent” in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A)achievement(B)acceptance(C)arrival(D)advantage46 The exhibition of paintings organized in 1874 resulted in all of the following EXCEPT(A)attracting attention from the public(B) a negative reaction from the press(C)an immediate demand for the paintings exhibited(D)creating a name for a new style of painting47 The word “affront” in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A)insult(B)encouragement(C)return(D)credit48 The rejection of the Impressionist exhibition by critics was caused by which of the following?(A)The small number of paintings on display(B)Lack of interest in exhibitions by young artists(C)The similarity between all the paintingsexhibited(D)Anger about seemingly poorly painted art49 The author mentions Renoir in line 25 to give an example of an artist who(A)became as famous as Monet(B)was consistently praised by art critics(C)described the enthusiasm of the Impressionists for their work(D)was in favor of a traditional style of painting50 The word “others” in line 27 refers to(A)art critics(B)fellow artists(C)individual differences(D)new styles0308答案ABADB CCCBA BDDCC DCDBA DACCB DBCAC DACBA BABDC BCAAD CDABACACCB CDBCB DACCC ABCDA CDCDC BDCDC BCDDC DBACBDAABA DDBAB CDBCB DCBBA BDACB DDBAA DDABC DCBBA DCDBC CADCB。
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托福阅读真题1There are only a few clues in the rock record about climate in the Proterozoic eon. Much of our information about climate in the more recent periods of geologic history comes from the fossil record, because we have a reasonably good understanding of the types of environment in which many fossil organisms flourished. The scarce fossils of the Proterozoic, mostly single-celled bacteria, provide little evidence in this regard. However, the rocks themselves do include the earliest evidence for glaciation, probably a global ice age.The inference that some types of sedimentary rocks are the result of glacial activity is based on the principle of uniformitarianism, which posits that natural processes now at work on and within the Earth operated in the same manner in the distant past. The deposits associated with present-day glaciers have been well studied, and some of their characteristics are quite distinctive. In 2.3-billion-year-old rocks in Canada near Lake Huron (dating from the early part of the Proterozoic age), there are thin laminae of fine-grained sediments that resemble varves, the annual layers of sediment deposited in glacial lakes. Typically, present-day varves show two-layered annual cycle, one layer corresponding to the rapid ice melting and sediment transport of the summer season, and the other, finer-grained, layer corresponding to slower winter deposition. Although it is not easy to discern such details in the Proterozoic examples, they are almost certainly glacial varves. These fine-grained, layered sediments even contain occasional large pebbles or dropstones, a characteristic feature of glacial environments where coarse material is sometimes carried on floating ice and dropped far from itssource, into otherwise very fine grained sediment. Glacial sediments of about the same age as those in Canada have been found in other parts of North America and in Africa, India, and Europe. This indicates that the glaciation was global, and that for a period of time in the early Proterozoic the Earth was gripped in an ice age.Following the early Proterozoic glaciation, however, the climate appears to have been fairly benign for a very long time. There is no evidence for glaciation for the next 1.5 billion years or so. Then, suddenly, the rock record indicates a series of glacial episodes between about 850 and 600 million year ago, near the end of the Proterozoic eon.1. Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How patterns in rock layers have been used to construct theories about the climate of theProterozoic age(B) What some rare fossils indicate about glacial conditions during the late Proterozoic age(C) The varying characteristics of Proterozoic glacial varves in different parts of the world(D) The number of glacial episodes that the Earth has experienced since the Proterozoic age2. According to the passage , the fossil record of the Proterozoic eon is(A) highly regarded because it preserves the remains of many kinds of organisms(B) less informative than the fossil record of more recent periods(C) very difficult to interpret due to damage from bacteria(D) more useful to researchers than otheraspects of the rock record3. The word scarce in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) ancient(B) tiny(C) available(D) rare4. It can be inferred from the passage that the principle of uniformitarianism indicates(A) similar conditions produce similar rock formations(B) rock layers in a given region remain undisturbed over time(C) different kinds of sedimentary rocks may have similar origins(D) each continent has its own distinctive pattern of sediment layers5. The word resemble in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) result from(B) penetrate(C) look like(D) replace have similar origins6. According to the passage , the layers in varves are primarily formed by(A) fossilized bacteria(B) pieces of ancient dropstones(C) a combination of ancient and recent sediments(D) annual cycles of sediment transport and deposition7. The phrase the other in line 17 refers to another(A) annual cycle(B) glacial lake(C) layer of sediment(D) season8. According to the passage , the presence of dropstones indicates that(A) the glacial environment has been unusually servere(B) the fine-grained sediment has built up very slowly(C) there has been a global ice age(D) coarse rock material has been carried great distances9. Why does the author mention Canada, North America, Africa, India, and Europe in lines 23-24?(A) To demonstrate the global spread of dropstones(B) To explain the principles of varve formation(C) To provide evidence for the theory that there was a global ice age in the early Proterozoic eon(D) To illustrate the varied climatic changes of the Proterozoic eon in different parts of the globe10. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage ?(A) fossil record (line 3)(B) laminae (line 13)(C) varves (line14)(D) glacial episodes (line 28)PASSAGE 92 ABDAC DCCCC托福阅读真题2In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents — New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the economy.The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularlyin the early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from 1900 to 1930. A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found, and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only supplied jobs; it disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California oil fields, and made Los Angeles North Americas greatest refining center.Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over an area of 400 square miles. It was a city without a real center. The downtown business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse. Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per 2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of migrants to the city.1. What is the passage mainly about?(A) The growth of cities in the United States in the early 1900s(B) The development of the Southern California oil fields(C) Factors contributing to the growth of Los Angeles(D) Industry and city planning in Los Angeles2. The author characterizes the growth of new large cities in the United States after 1900 asresulting primarily from(A) new economic conditions(B) images of cities shown in movies(C) new agricultural techniques(D) a large migrant population3. The word meteoric in line 6 is closest in meaning to(A) rapid(B) famous(C) controversial(D) methodical(A) aqueduct(B) vision(C) water(D) agricultural potential5. According to the passage , the most important factor in the development of agriculture aroundLos Angeles was the(A) influx of new residents to agricultural areas near the city(B) construction of an aqueduct(C) expansion of transportation facilities(D) development of new connections to the citys natural harbor6. According to the passage , the initial success of Hollywood s motion picture industry was duelargely to the(A) availability of many skilled workers(B) beauty of the countryside(C) regions reputation for luxurious lifestyles(D) regions climate and good weather7. It can be inferred from the passage that in 1930 the greatest number of people in the LosAngeles area were employed in(A) farming(B) oil refining(C) automobile manufacturing(D) the motion picture industry8. According to the passage , the Southern California oil fields were initially exploited due to(A) the fuel requirements of Los Angeles rail system(B) an increase in the use of gasoline engines in North America(C) a desire to put unproductive desert land to good use(D) innovative planning on the part of the city founders9. The phrase apace with in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) anew with(B) apart from(C) as fast as(D) at the middle of10. It can be inferred from the passage that the spatial organization of Los Angeles contributed tothe relative decline there of(A) public transportation(B) industrial areas(C) suburban neighborhoods(D) oil fields11. The visitors from the east coast mentioned in the passage thought that Los Angeles(A) was not accurately portrayed by Hollywood images(B) lacked good suburban areas in which to live(C) had an excessively large population(D) was not really a single cityPASSAGE 93 CAACB DCBCA D托福阅读真题3Industrialization came to the United State after 1790 as North American entrepreneurs increased productivity by reorganizing work and building factories. These innovations in manufacturing boosted output and living standards to an unprecedented extent; the average per capita wealth increased by nearly 1 percent per year — 30 percent over the course of a generation. Goods that had once been luxury items became part of everyday life.The impressive gain in output stemmed primarily from the way in which workers made goods, since the 1790s, North American entrepreneurs — even without technological improvements — had broadened the scope of the outwork system that made manufacturing more efficient by distributing materials to a succession of workers whoeach performed a single step of the production process. For example, during the 1820s and 1830s the shoe industry greatly expanded the scale and extend of the outwork system. Tens of thousands of rural women, paid according to the amount they produced, fabricated the uppers of shoes, which were bound to the soles by wage-earning journeymen shoemakers in dozens of Massachusetts towns, whereas previously journeymen would have made the entire shoe. This system of production made the employer a powerful shoe boss and eroded workers control over the pace and conditions of labor. However, it also dramatically increased the output of shoes while cutting their price.For tasks that were not suited to the outwork system, entrepreneurs created an even more important new organization, the modem factory, which used power-driven machines and assembly-line techniques to turn out large quantities of well-made goods. As early as 1782 the prolific Delaware inventor Oliver Evans had built a highly automated, laborsaving flour mill driven by water power. His machinery lifted the grain to the top of the mill, cleaned it as it fell into containers known as hoppers, ground the grain into flour, and then conveyed the flour back to the top of the mill to allow it to cool as it descended into barrels. Subsequently, manufacturers made use of new improved stationary steam engines to power their mills. This new technology enabled them to build factories in the nations largest cities, taking advantage of urban concentrations of inexpensive labor, good transportation networks, and eager customers.1. What is the passage mainly about?(A) The difficulties of industrialization in North America(B) The influence of changes in manufacturing on the growth of urban centers(C) The rapid speed of industrialization in North America(D) Improved ways of organizing the manufacturing of goods2. The word boosted in line 3 is closest in meaning to(A) ensured(B) raised(C) arranged(D) discouraged3. The word scope in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) value(B) popularity(C) extent(D) diversity4. The author mentions the shoe industry in the second paragraph to provide an example of how(A) entrepreneurs increased output by using an extended outwork system(B) entrepreneurs used technological improvements to increase output(C) rural workers responded to shoe bosses(D) changes in the outwork system improved the quality of shoes5. All of the following are mentioned as effects of changes in the shoe industry during the 1820sand 1830s EXCEPT(A) an increase in the workers dependence on entrepreneurs(B) an increase in the wages paid to journeymen shoemakers(C) a decline in the workers ability to control the speed of production(D) a decrease in the price of shoes6. All of the following are true of the outwork system EXCEPT(A) It involved stages of production.(B) It was more efficient than the systems used before 1790.(C) It made many employers less powerful than they had been before.(D) It did not necessarily involve any technological improvements.7. The word prolific in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) efficient(B) productive(C) self-employed(D) progressive8. According to the passage , how did later mills differ from the mills differ from the mill built byOliver Evans?(A) They were located away from large cities.(B) They used new technology to produce power.(C) They did not allow flour to cool before it was placed in Barrels.(D) They combined technology with the outwork system.9. The word it in line 25 refers to(A) water power(B) machinery(C) grain(D) mill10. The passage mentions which of the following as a result of improvements in factorymachinery?(A) It become easier for factory owners to find workers and customers.(B) Manufacturers had to employ more highly skilled workers.(C) The amount of power required for factories operate was reduced.(D) Factories could operate more than one engine at a time.11. The word eager in line 30 is closest in meaning to(A) wealthy(B) knowledgeable(C) regular(D) enthusiasticPASSAGE 94 DBCAB CBBCA D。
托福历年真题题目及答案
托福历年真题题目及答案托福历年真题题目及答案在平平淡淡的日常中,我们时常需要做些练习题,而与练习题如影随形的.则是答案,借助答案我们可以更好地掌握此类题型的解题思路和方法。
以下是店铺帮大家整理的托福历年真题题目及答案,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。
托福历年真题题目及答案篇1Part VDirection : In this part of the test has incomplete sentences. Four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C) and (D) are given beneath each sentence. You are to choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark on your answer sheet.101. For several years now, we have seen a marked in attendance and exhibitions at thePCB design conferences.(A) increase (B) increased (C) increasing (D) TO increase102. Make sure that transportation to and from the river is arranged to your .(A) satisfactory (B) satisfaction (C) satisfy (D) to satisfy103. The imposing that will soon be Rand Corporation's R&D center wasrenovated by the highly admired designer Haewook Lee.(A) structural (B) structure (C) structurally (D) in structural104. Employees may receive 50% tuition reimbursement for job-related courses taken with asupervisor's .(A) approves (B) approval (C) approve (D) to approve105. Mr. Hui, a freelance writer here at ESS Newspapers, hasimpeccablefor the position of senior editor.(A) qualified (B) qualifications (C) qualify (D) be qualified106. Because of an illness is much cheaper than treatment, the local health clinic will be offering free flu vaccinations this weekend.(A) prevention (B) prevent (C) to prevent B) prevented107. Legal experts have presented that the DNA samples and fingerprints match.(A) evident (B) evidence (C) evidently (D) to evident108. Mach Corp. has a system that allows clients to manage to employees' files.(A) access (B) accessible (C) to accessible (D) accessibly109. The average listener will not be able to notice any between audio CD and MP3 files.(A) differences (B) different (C) differently (D) of different110. Without your , we cannot guarantee your room after 6 p.m.A) confirm B) confirming C) confirmation D) confirmative111. of countries belonging to GATT approved the agreement yesterday in Geneva.A) Represents B) Representations C) Representatives D) Representing112. Officials of the Sydney head of office will hold a conference to talk about goals for the next ten years.A) them B) their C) theirs D) they113. As a customer service representative, Mrs. Lee tried to solve complaints from customersbefore asking for ______ supervisor's advice.(A) she B) her C) hers D) herself114 Mr. Alfred and I extend thanks to those that have helped this project in the past.(A) us (B) ours (C) our (D) ourselves115. Pioneer Corp. is considering--------- the release of the new equipment scheduled for later this month.(A)postponing (B) postpone (C) to postpone (D) postponement116. The company's business plan includes ---------- revenue from magazine and event promotions designed to help recruiters find qualified applicants.(A) draw (B) drawing (C) to draw (D) drawer117. This guideline is intended to -------- information about our databases and to provide a clear definition of how these database get updated and who has responsibilities(A) clarification (B) classified (C) cleared (D) clarify118. As of July 7, basic monthly telephone service will increase by $1.50 due to the new federal telecommunication tax, -------- state-to-state long-distance rates will decrease an average of 10 percent.(A) otherwise (B) therefore (C) however (D) in addition to119. He makes $20 an hour, has more work than he can handle.(A) and (B) than (C) so (D) but120. Their products are known not only for their low price, __________ for their high quality.(A) but (B) but also (C) and also (D) as well as托福历年真题题目及答案篇2During the second half of the nineteenth century, the production of food and feed crops in the United States rose at an extraordinarily rapid rate. Corn production increased by four anda half times, hay by five times, oats and wheat by seven times. The most crucial factor behind this phenomenal upsurge in productivity was the widespread adoption of labor-saving machinery by northern farmers. By 1850 horse-drawn reaping machines that cut grain were being introduced into the major grain-growing regions of the country. Horse-powered threshing machines to separate the seeds from the plants were already in general use. However, it was the onset of the Civil War in 1861 that provided the great stimulus for the mechanization of northern agriculture. With much of the labor force inducted into the army and with grain prices on the rise, northern farmers rushed to avail themselves of the new labor-saving equipment. In 1860 there were approximately 80,000 reapers in the country; five years later there were 350,000.After the close of the war in 1865, machinery became ever more important in northern agriculture, and improved equipment was continually introduced. By 1880 a self-binding reaper had been perfected that not only cut the grain, but also gathered the stalks and bound them with twine. Threshing machines were also being improved and enlarged, and after 1870 they were increasingly powered by steam engines rather than by horses. Since steam-powered threshing machines were costly items —running from $ 1,000 to $4,000 —they were usually owned by custom thresher owners who then worked their way from farm to farm during the harvest season. "Combines" were also coming into use on the great wheat ranches in California and the Pacific Northwest. These ponderous machines — sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses — reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it, all in one simultaneous operation.The adoption of labor-saving machinery had a profoundeffect upon the sale of agricultural operations in the northern states — allowing farmers to increase vastly their crop acreage. By the end of century, a farmer employing the new machinery could plant and harvest two and half times as much corn as a farmer had using hand methods 50 years before.1. What aspect of farming in the United States in the nineteenth century does the passage mainly discuss?(A) How labor-saving machinery increased crop Production(B) Why southern farms were not as successful as Successful as northern farms(C) Farming practices before the Civil War(D) The increase in the number of people farming2. The word "crucial" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) obvious(B) unbelievable(C) important(D) desirable3. The phrase "avail themselves" in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) take care(B) make use(C) get rid(D) do more4. According to the passage , why was the Civil War a stimulus for mechanization?(A) The army needed more grain in order to feed the soldiers.(B) Technology developed for the war could also the used by farmers.(C) It was hoped that harvesting more grain would lower the price of grain.(D) Machines were needed to replace a disappearing labor force.5. The passage supports which of the following statements about machinery after the Civil War?(A) Many farmers preferred not to use the new machinery.(B) Returning laborers replaced the use of machinery.(C) The use of farm machinery continued to increase.(D) Poor-quality machinery slowed the pace of crop production.6. Combines and self-binding reapers were similar because each(A) could perform more than one function(B) required relatively little power to operate(C) was utilized mainly in California(D) required two people to operate7. The word "they" in line 19 refers to(A) grain stalks(B) threshing machines(C) steam engines(D) horses8. It can be inferred from the passage that most farmers did not own threshing machines because(A) farmers did not know how to use the new machines(B) farmers had no space to keep the machines(C) thresher owner had chance to buy the machines before farmers did(D) the machines were too expensive for every farmer to own9. The word "ponderous" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) advanced(B) heavy(C) complex(D) rapid正确答案: ACBDC ABDB 【托福历年真题题目及答案】。
托福试题及答案
托福试题及答案一、听力理解(Listening Comprehension)1. 根据录音材料,以下哪个选项是学生和教授讨论的主题?A. 气候变化对农业的影响B. 城市规划中的交通问题C. 历史事件的解读方法D. 当代艺术的发展趋势答案:C2. 录音中提到的“sustainable development”是指什么?A. 经济的持续增长B. 社会公平与环境的和谐C. 技术的不断进步D. 人口的稳定增长答案:B二、阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)1. 根据文章,作者认为解决能源危机的最好方法是:A. 开发可再生能源B. 提高能源效率C. 减少能源消费D. 增加传统能源的开采答案:A2. 文章中提到了哪种新型能源技术?A. 太阳能发电B. 风力发电C. 地热能D. 生物燃料答案:B三、口语表达(Speaking Expression)1. 请根据以下情景,描述你如何解决一个团队中的冲突。
- 情景:你和你的团队成员在项目截止日期临近时,因为分工问题产生了分歧。
答案:在面对团队中的冲突时,首先我会组织一个团队会议,让每个成员表达自己的观点和担忧。
然后,我会尝试找到一个平衡点,确保每个人的工作量合理分配。
如果必要,我会提出调整分工的建议,并确保每个人都同意这个新的方案。
最后,我会设定一个明确的新截止日期,以确保项目能够按时完成。
2. 描述一次你使用创造性思维解决问题的经历。
答案:在我的大学时期,我参加了一个创新设计比赛。
我们团队面临的挑战是如何设计一个既环保又经济的包装材料。
通过团队的头脑风暴,我们想到了使用可降解的生物材料作为包装。
我们进行了多次实验,最终开发出了一种新型的包装材料,它不仅满足了环保要求,而且成本低廉,最终我们的设计在比赛中获得了一等奖。
四、写作能力(Writing Ability)1. 根据以下提示写一篇议论文。
- 提示:随着科技的发展,人们越来越依赖智能手机。
讨论智能手机对人们日常生活的积极和消极影响。
托福试题全部及答案
托福试题全部及答案1. Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.Passage:In the realm of environmental conservation, the concept of sustainable development has gained significant traction over the past few decades. It is predicated on the idea that economic growth and environmental protection are not mutually exclusive but can coexist harmoniously. The key to achieving this balance lies in the efficient use of resources, the implementation of eco-friendly practices, and the promotion of policies that prioritize both economic and ecological health.Question 1: What is the primary focus of sustainable development?A) Economic growthB) Environmental protectionC) Efficient use of resourcesD) Both A and BAnswer: D) Both A and BQuestion 2: According to the passage, what is essential for achieving a balance between economic growth and environmental protection?A) Inefficient use of resourcesB) Implementation of eco-friendly practicesC) Neglect of policiesD) Overexploitation of resourcesAnswer: B) Implementation of eco-friendly practices2. Directions: Listen to the following conversation and answer the questions that follow.Conversation:Speaker 1: "I've been learning about the history of the internet and it's fascinating how it has transformed our lives."Speaker 2: "Absolutely, it's hard to imagine life without it now. It's become an integral part of our daily routines."Question 1: What are the speakers discussing?A) The history of the internetB) The future of the internetC) The impact of the internet on daily lifeD) The disadvantages of the internetAnswer: C) The impact of the internet on daily lifeQuestion 2: What does Speaker 2 imply about the internet?A) It is a new inventionB) It is a luxuryC) It is an essential part of daily lifeD) It is a hindrance to daily routinesAnswer: C) It is an essential part of daily life3. Directions: Complete the following sentences using the appropriate words from the list provided.List of words:a) accelerateb) diminishc) enhanced) mitigatee) prosperSentence 1: The introduction of new technologies has the potential to _____ the economy.Answer: c) enhanceSentence 2: The company's profits have _____ significantly due to poor management.Answer: b) diminishSentence 3: The government is implementing policies to _____ the effects of climate change.Answer: d) mitigateSentence 4: The new highway will _____ traffic congestion in the city.Answer: a) accelerateSentence 5: The small business _____ after receiving a large investment.Answer: e) prosper4. Directions: Write an essay on the following topic: "The Role of Education in Promoting Social Equality."In your essay, you should:- Discuss the importance of education in reducing social inequalities.- Explain how education can empower individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds.- Provide examples of educational policies or programs that have been successful in promoting social equality.Essay:Education plays a pivotal role in promoting social equality by providing individuals with the tools and knowledge necessary to succeed in life. It is a powerful equalizer that can break the cycle of poverty and empower individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. By offering equal access toquality education, societies can reduce social inequalities and create a more level playing field for all.One of the ways education can empower individuals is by providing them with the skills and qualifications needed to secure better job opportunities. For instance, vocational training programs can equip individuals with practical skills that are in high demand in the job market, thus increasing their chances of employment and improving their economic prospects.Moreover, educational policies and programs that focus on inclusivity and accessibility have proven successful in promoting social equality. For example, scholarship programsfor underprivileged students can ensure that financial constraints do not hinder their pursuit of education. Similarly, affirmative action policies in higher education institutions can provide equal opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds.In conclusion, education is a cornerstone of social equality. It has the potential to transform lives and societies by fostering a more inclusive and equitable world. By investing in education, we invest in the future of our communities and the well-being of all individuals.Note: The essay provided is a sample response and should be tailored to the specific requirements of the prompt.。
托福听力真题与解析
托福听力真题与解析lecture1.animal grooming2.physical ecology3.静物绘画4.历史上飞机场的建造5.发展心理学小孩心理发展的四个阶段6.艺术史中国青铜器7.earth science8.黄金比例 1.69.物理10.art history11.English literature12.urban planning13.美索不达米亚地区和埃及两种城市化的对比14.青蛙叫15.deer management16.天文学 the death of star17.文艺复兴艺术家赞助商客户conversation1.女生问一个管理员他们的电影社需要的东西,管理员说他不负责这个,但是可以帮她宣传,然后女生就在说自己的电影社2.男生去找自己的anthropology教授3.学生要改善自己的住宿环境4.学生询问作业的选题5.honey bees新托福听力题完整版第一套:Conversation1-论文-选题-English Literature学生提到写罗宾汉Robin Hood。
Conversation2-宿舍-改善住宿环境两个建议:在新造的停车场与宿舍之间种树,改善房屋的保温效果。
Lecture1-物理学-布朗运动(旧题=2016.10.15)布朗运动和random motion。
科学家希望将布朗运动应用到工业上,但是因为particle运动是很难控制的,然后提到了难以控制的原因,而且说这种原因学生们肯定已经知道了,然后说到运用bacteria会更好地控制他们向同一个方向运动,而且可以通过控制氧气的浓度来控制bacteria运动的速度。
Lecture2-艺术史-中国青铜器【此篇对于中国学生来说送分】中国青铜器的鼎盛年代(小黑板:Shang Dynasty Zhou Dynasty),特点:帝王和贵族使用,用于religious ritual,普通人喝水什么的用陶器,青铜器比同时期希腊的好得多,上面有复杂的雕饰。
托福考试语法试题及答案详解
托福考试语法试题及答案详解托福考试语法试题及答案详解11. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.A. in diseaseB. that diseaseC. of diseaseD. about disease答案:B分析:动词believe 的用法:直接加that引导的宾语从句。
这里that为连接adv.,在句中不作任何成分,其后接完整句。
参考译文:大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ a t the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.A. she was the first woman to conductB. the first woman conductorC. the woman was first conductingD. the woman conducts first答案:B分析:缺宾语,答案中只有B,D可以作宾语,但D的语序不对。
参考译文:1976,Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
one to do sth补充: 常考 the first/second/3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became _________to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.A. the first African AmericanB. the first African American wasC. she was the first African AmericanD. when the first African American答案:A分析:缺宾语,C, D都不能作宾语。
托福测试题及答案
托福测试题及答案一、听力理解(Listening Comprehension)1. What is the main topic of the lecture?A. The history of photographyB. The impact of technology on artC. The role of photography in journalismD. The evolution of camera technologyAnswer: B2. According to the professor, what is one of the benefits of digital photography?A. It allows for greater artistic control.B. It is less expensive than film photography.C. It is easier to manipulate images.D. It requires less technical skill.Answer: A3. Why does the professor mention the example of the painter who used a camera?A. To illustrate the limitations of photographyB. To show how technology can inspire traditional art formsC. To demonstrate the influence of photography on paintingD. To argue that photography is a form of artAnswer: B4. What does the student imply about the relationship between photography and journalism?A. They are becoming more distinct from each other.B. They have always been closely related.C. They are merging due to technological advancements.D. They are separate fields with little overlap.Answer: C二、阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)Passage 1: The Impact of Technology on Education5. What is the author's main argument in the passage?A. Technology has had a negative impact on education.B. The integration of technology in education is essentialfor its future.C. Technology has made education less personal.D. The benefits of technology in education are overstated. Answer: B6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of using technology in the classroom?A. Increased student engagementB. Access to a wider range of resourcesC. Improved test scoresD. Enhanced communication between students and teachers Answer: C7. The author cites the example of online courses toillustrate:A. The accessibility of education to a broader audience.B. The potential for personalized learning experiences.C. The challenges of maintaining student motivation.D. The need for traditional classroom settings.Answer: APassage 2: The History of Urban Planning8. What is the primary focus of the passage?A. The evolution of urban planning over time.B. The role of government in urban development.C. The impact of urban planning on society.D. The challenges faced by urban planners.Answer: A9. The author mentions ancient Rome to demonstrate:A. The early origins of urban planning.B. The influence of urban planning on architecture.C. The importance of public spaces in cities.D. The limitations of early urban planning techniques. Answer: A10. What does the passage suggest about modern urban planning?A. It is more focused on aesthetics than functionality.B. It has become more inclusive and sustainable.C. It is primarily driven by economic considerations.D. It has largely abandoned traditional planning principles.Answer: B三、口语表达(Speaking Expression)Task 1: Describe a memorable event from your childhood.Sample Response:One of the most memorable events from my childhood was the summer I spent at my grandparents' farm. I was about ten years old at the time. The experience was incredibly enriching as I learned about farming, the importance of hard work, and the beauty of nature. It was a time filled with laughter, new discoveries, and a deep connection with my family.Task 2: Explain why you think environmental conservation is important.Sample Response:Environmental conservation is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it ensures the preservation of natural resources for future generations. Secondly, it helps maintain biodiversity, which is vital for the balance of ecosystems. Lastly, conservation efforts contribute to combating climate change by reducing pollution and promoting sustainable practices. It is our collective responsibility to protect the environment for the well-being of all living beings on Earth.四、写作任务(Writing Task)Task 1: Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of social media.Sample Essay:Social media has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. On the positive side, it allows for instant connectivity with people around the world, fosters communities with shared interests, and provides a platform for self-expression and creativity. However, it also has its downsides, such as the spread of misinformation, the potential for cyberbullying, and the negative impact on mental health due to social comparison. Balancing the benefits and drawbacks is key to harnessing the power of social media responsibly.Task 2: Propose a solution to a local environmental issue in your community.Sample Essay:One pressing environmental issue in our community is the excessive use of single-use plastics. To address this, I propose the implementation of a local ordinance that bans single-use plastic items, such as straws and bags, and encourages the use of reusable alternatives. Additionally, educational campaigns can raise awareness about the environmental impact of plastic waste. By working together, our community can significantly reduce its。
小托福考试真题一级答案
小托福考试真题一级答案1. 听力理解A. 根据对话内容,以下哪项是正确的?A) 老师提醒学生明天要交作业。
B) 学生询问老师关于作业的问题。
C) 老师告诉学生下节课会进行测验。
正确答案:B) 学生询问老师关于作业的问题。
2. 阅读理解B. 文章中提到了哪些关于环境保护的措施?A) 减少塑料使用。
B) 增加公共交通。
C) 植树造林。
正确答案:C) 植树造林。
3. 语法与词汇C. 填入空白处最合适的词是:"The weather was ________ yesterday."A) sunnyB) rainyC) snowy正确答案:A) sunny4. 口语表达D. 以下哪项是正确的电话留言?A) "Hi, this is John. I can't come to the meeting."B) "Hello, I'm calling about the job application."C) "Good morning, I'm here to pick up my package."正确答案:A) "Hi, this is John. I can't come to the meeting."5. 写作能力E. 根据以下提示写一封简短的邮件:- 感谢对方邀请参加聚会。
- 说明无法参加的原因。
- 表达希望下次能参加的愿望。
正确答案:[此处应有一段符合提示内容的邮件正文]结束语:以上是小托福考试真题一级的部分答案,希望对您的备考有所帮助。
托福英语试题及答案
托福英语试题及答案
一、听力部分
1. 根据录音,以下哪项是演讲者提到的主要观点?
A. 气候变化对农业的影响
B. 城市化进程中的问题
C. 科技发展对社会的益处
D. 教育改革的必要性
答案:A
2. 演讲者提到了哪种类型的农业?
A. 有机农业
B. 传统农业
C. 工业化农业
D. 可持续农业
答案:D
二、阅读部分
1. 根据文章,作者认为解决城市交通拥堵的最佳方法是什么?
A. 增加公共交通工具
B. 限制私家车使用
C. 扩大城市道路
D. 鼓励远程工作
答案:A
2. 文章中提到的“绿色出行”指的是什么?
A. 步行或骑自行车
B. 乘坐公共交通
C. 开电动汽车
D. 减少不必要的出行
答案:A
三、口语部分
1. 请根据以下提示,描述一个你曾经遇到的困难,并解释你是如何克服它的。
提示:困难的类型,你采取的措施,结果如何。
答案:略(考生需根据个人经历回答)
2. 描述你理想中的工作场所。
包括地点、环境、同事关系等因素。
答案:略(考生需根据个人理想回答)
四、写作部分
1. 有些人认为大学教育应该免费提供给所有人。
你同意还是不同意这个观点?给出你的理由。
答案:略(考生需根据个人观点写作)
2. 描述一次你改变了对某人或某事看法的经历。
包括改变的原因和结果。
答案:略(考生需根据个人经历写作)。
历年托福考试试题及答案
历年托福考试试题及答案1. 阅读部分A. 阅读材料11.1 问题1答案:A1.2 问题2答案:B1.3 问题3答案:C1.4 问题4答案:DB. 阅读材料22.1 问题1答案:B2.2 问题2答案:C2.3 问题3答案:A2.4 问题4答案:DC. 阅读材料33.1 问题1答案:C3.2 问题2答案:D3.3 问题33.4 问题4答案:B2. 听力部分A. 对话11.1 问题1答案:A 1.2 问题2答案:B 1.3 问题3答案:C 1.4 问题4答案:DB. 对话22.1 问题1答案:B 2.2 问题2答案:C 2.3 问题3答案:A 2.4 问题4答案:DC. 讲座13.1 问题1答案:C 3.2 问题2答案:D 3.3 问题33.4 问题4答案:B3. 口语部分A. 口语任务11.1 问题1答案:A 1.2 问题2答案:B 1.3 问题3答案:C 1.4 问题4答案:DB. 口语任务22.1 问题1答案:B 2.2 问题2答案:C 2.3 问题3答案:A 2.4 问题4答案:D4. 写作部分A. 独立写作1.1 问题1答案:A 1.2 问题2答案:B1.3 问题3答案:C 1.4 问题4答案:DB. 综合写作2.1 问题1答案:B 2.2 问题2答案:C 2.3 问题3答案:A 2.4 问题4答案:D。
托福考试历年真题阅读理解专项2024
托福考试历年真题阅读理解专项2024第一篇阅读材料:Historical Archaeology and the Importance of Material CultureArchaeology is the study of human history and prehistory through the excavation of artifacts and structures. One subfield of archaeology, known as historical archaeology, focuses specifically on exploring the material culture of more recent societies. This approach combines traditional archaeological techniques with historical research to gain insight into the lives of past populations.Historical archaeology typically investigates the period from the emergence of written records up to the present day. By analyzing physical artifacts and structures, researchers can uncover valuable information about the daily lives, customs, and socioeconomic structures of these societies. For example, the discovery of household items and tools can reveal the daily routines and living conditions of the people who used them.Moreover, historical archaeology allows us to challenge and expand upon written records and historical accounts. While written sources often reflect the perspectives of the elite or powerful, archaeological evidence provides a more comprehensive understanding of all sectors of society. By analyzing the material remains of ordinary people, researchers can reconstruct a more complete narrative of the past.Furthermore, material culture can provide insight into cultural exchanges and global connections. Through the examination of trade goods, researchers can trace the movement of commodities and the interconnectedness ofdifferent regions. This perspective challenges the traditional nationalistic interpretations of history and emphasizes the interdependence of societies throughout time.In conclusion, historical archaeology is a valuable subfield that sheds light on the material culture of past societies. By combining archaeological techniques with historical research, we can gain a deeper understanding of the daily lives, socioeconomic structures, and cultural exchanges of these societies. Through the examination of artifacts and structures, historians and archaeologists can challenge written accounts and provide a more comprehensive narrative of human history.第二篇阅读材料:The Usefulness of Bees in AgricultureBees play a crucial role in agriculture as pollinators, as they transfer pollen from male to female flowers, allowing plants to reproduce. Without bees, many crops would fail to produce fruit, leading to a decline in food production and a negative impact on ecosystems. Therefore, the conservation and preservation of bee populations are of great importance to both farmers and environmentalists.Firstly, bees are responsible for pollinating a wide variety of crops, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, and oilseeds. By visiting multiple flowers in a single foraging trip, bees ensure the transfer of pollen, enabling successful fertilization. This process directly contributes to the production of many essential food items consumed by humans and livestock.Secondly, the economic value of bees in agriculture should not be underestimated. The pollination services provided by bees have been estimated to contribute billions of dollars to global food production annually. In addition to the direct economic benefits, the presence of bees in agricultural landscapes can enhance biodiversity and promote the sustainability of ecosystems.Moreover, bees also have indirect benefits for agriculture. The presence of bees in a field can increase crop yields and improve the quality of harvested produce. Studies have shown that crops exposed to bee pollination often have larger and more uniformly shaped fruits, which are more marketable. Therefore, farmers who actively encourage bee populations on their farms can reap the rewards of improved agricultural productivity.In conclusion, bees are indispensable in agriculture due to their role as pollinators. They contribute to the reproduction and productivity of crops, resulting in increased food production and economic benefits. Additionally, the presence of bees in agricultural ecosystems contributes to biodiversity and promotes sustainable farming practices. It is crucial to recognize the importance of bees and take steps to protect and preserve their populations for the benefit of both agriculture and the environment.总结:托福考试历年真题阅读理解专项2024的两篇阅读材料分别介绍了历史考古学和蜜蜂在农业中的重要性。
托福英语试题题库及答案
托福英语试题题库及答案一、听力理解(Listening Comprehension)1. 根据所听对话,选择正确的答案。
A. 学生正在图书馆寻找资料。
B. 学生错过了图书馆的开放时间。
C. 图书馆管理员正在帮助学生。
D. 学生在图书馆找到了需要的资料。
答案:B2. 根据所听讲座,以下哪项是教授提到的主要观点?A. 气候变化对农业的影响。
B. 农业技术的发展。
C. 气候变化对城市的影响。
D. 城市化对农业的影响。
答案:A二、阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)1. 阅读以下段落,然后回答问题。
"The development of new technologies has greatly influenced the way we live and work. For instance, the internet has made communication faster and more convenient."根据上文,新技术对我们生活的影响是什么?A. 使沟通更慢。
B. 使沟通更快。
C. 使工作更困难。
D. 使工作更简单。
答案:B2. 下列哪项不是作者在文中提到的?A. 互联网。
B. 电子邮件。
C. 通信。
D. 工作。
答案:B三、口语表达(Speaking Expression)1. 根据以下情境,给出你的答案。
情境:你的朋友告诉你他/她计划去国外留学。
你的回答可能包括:A. 询问他/她为什么选择留学。
B. 表达你对他/她决定的支持。
C. 提供一些留学的建议。
D. 所有上述选项。
答案:D2. 描述你最近参加的一个活动,并解释为什么你参加这个活动。
(此题为开放性问题,考生需根据个人经历作答)四、写作能力(Writing Ability)1. 以“环境保护的重要性”为题,写一篇不少于300字的短文。
(此题为开放性问题,考生需根据题目要求撰写文章)2. 阅读以下段落,并写一篇评论,阐述你的观点。
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7.10口语1.Which do you think is the most helpful to preserve the environment: Government,Organizations, and Individuals.2.Do you agree or disagree: It is important to learn the history where you live.独立写作:The government wants to improve the education of high school, and there are two plans:1.Choose a group of good teachers and train them first, and after that let them go back to theirschools and train other teachers.2.Provide training for every teacher online, with providing online materials and let them studyindividually.7.9口语1.What is the one thing that makes your country different from other countries2.It is easier to teach students in primary school than it is to teach students in university独立写作Hypothesis about why Vikings left Greenland in the 15th century.7.3口语1.朋友要来你的国家上学但是担心开销,给出建议2.Do you A/D with the following statement? It’s impolite to make calls or send text messageson a diner table. Explain in details.独立写作People who have learned many different skills are more likely to success those who focus on learning only one skill.7.2口语1.The disadvantages of shopping on the Internet2.Experienced doctors are better than young doctors独立写作Do you A/D with the following statement? Competition between friends usually negatively impacts friendships. Use specific details and examples to support your opinion.6.25口语1.Sometimes people behave impolitely in public. Describe a time when an impolite behaviorannoyed you. Explain why you were annoyed.2.If someone donates a piece of land to your community, should it be used to construct anamusement center or grow plant and flowers?独立写作What is the most important action for the government to take for the protection of environment problems?1.Fund researches on new energy sources such as solar and wind power2.Protect forests and natural wildlife species3.Pass and enforce laws to reduce the pollution6.18口语1.你朋友辍学,不读大学了,你的意见是什么?2.学生周末有一个重要的research project , 同事sister要有birthday party, 问你怎么办?为什么?独立写作Do you A/D with the following statement: people should be open to new ideas and change his or her mind to be successful6.4口语1.自身五年来的变化2.Leader要不要监督员工独立写作:The most important thing for governments to improve the health care is to clean the environment.5.29口语1. The school is planning to forbid the use of cell phone on the school grounds, what will be the effects?2. 父母要不要reward money 如果学生在学校表现的好独立写作:A/D it is better for older to take risks and explore new things than young people.5.28口语1. 学校该不该让学生参加40小时的community work?2. 是否同意人们应该在65岁以后退休独立写作:A/D It is only worth watching movies that can teach us something about real life.5.221. 参观一个城市的时候,做什么最能帮助你了解这个城市?参加旅游团、参观历史博物馆、在街道上散步。
2. When a friend is coming to visit your place, do you prefer a surprise visit or to be informed ahead of time.独立写作:Which is the most important thing for a country leader to assure the prosperity of country?1. Create more jobs for employed worker2. Increasing agriculture and low the food price3. Increase access to afford able house.5.7口语1. 学校出台new project, 让作弊的同学离开学校,关于这个政策你的看法是?2. some school 让学生参加club和activities, 一些致力于academic study 你选哪个?独立写作:Which do you prefer? An interesting and challenging job with less vacation or a job with more vacation time but less fun4.23口语1. What do you think is the most important thing that parents should teach their children? Explain your idea with specific reasons and details2. Some people prefer to spend lots of money on vacation; some people prefer to spend little money on trip. Which do you prefer, and why独立写作:A/D Playing sports teaches people more lesson about life4.9口语1. 说一个在你的国家比较流行的网站2. 在课堂上预留出小组时间讨论是不是对教学有利独立写作:A/D With the following statement? Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends in your same age.3.26口语1. 你觉得你小时候的学校好不好and why2. 你喜欢一个人学习还是弄成学习小组why独立写作:It is often not a good thing for people to move to a new town or a new country because they will lose their friends.口语1. 你是一个tutor group 的老师,你要带学生study trip,三选一,science museum, local farm, theatre, and why.2. 学生应不应该上additional courses 加速修完学分独立写作:The university club wants to help others, if you are a member of them, you only could undertake one project this year. Which following would you prefer to choose?To help students at a nearby primary school with reading and mathematics;Build house for people who cannot buy or rent;Visit and assist the elderly people with daily tasks.3.13口语1. 如何提升学生的生活学习,建立cafeteria或swimming pool、扩大实验室设备2. 你觉得根据第一次见面还是长期相处更能了解一个人独立写作:A/D After completing high school, students should take at least one off work or travel before they begin studying in university3.11口语1. What do you think is the biggest challenge for a student when they study and how to solve that challenge?2. Agree or disagree that it is more important to maintain relationship with family members than with friends?独立写作:A/D Reading that a student does on his or her own is as important as, or even more important than, reading that a student does because it is assigned by teachers.2.28口语1. Many people move to new location for working and schooling 谈一下这个的disadvantages2. A/D 鼓励创新和想象力的学校更能培养出成功的人才独立写作:A/D Nowadays, children rely too much on the technology, like computers, smart phone, video games, for fun and entertainment; Playing simpler toys or playing outside with friends would be better for the children’s development.1.24口语1. If you were to do a volunteer job in the community, which one of the following jobs would you like to choose? Clean up the park, plant trees or build a bicycle lane.2. A/D Schools and universities are successful because they hire experienced professor独立写作:In times of economic crisis, in which field do you think the government can cut financial support?1. Art2. Scientific research3. Parks and public gardens1.23口语1. 三选一喜欢哪个课History of science 二战的历史art history2. 喜欢提前计划好的约会还是一时兴起随时可以的约会独立写作:Some people thinks that some lesson includes (for 3-5 years old) video games as a way to make children’s interest in study. Other people think it is distracting and waste time.1.9口语1. A/D学校同意寝室里面养宠物2. A/D 以一些明星做榜样独立写作:Recently some students need to arrive to school at the early time in the morning. Some people think that starting school day early is a good approach to support learning; other people think that starting school day at the later time is a good approach to support learning.。