文献资料的收集方法

文献资料的收集方法

一、文献回顾的目的--藉由文献发展研究问题

（一）厘清问题(Identifying problem)

（二）发展假设(Developing hypotheses)

（三）发展方法(Developing the method)

二、文献的寻找

（一）寻找策略

1.百科全书(encyclopedias)

2.研究的回顾(reviews research)

(1)一些专家学者已花费很多的时间与精神，并已整理出与研究

题目相关的文献资料。

(2)相关的研究不仅汇整出相关的研究资料；同时评论综合出整

合性的结论。

(3)研究者已提出在研究领域中，未来可行的研究方向。

(二)摘要(abstracts)

(三)征片(microform publications)

(四)索引(indexes)

(五)参考书目(bibliographies)

(六)分类卡(card catalog)

三、实际方法

(一)学校现有的光盘与数据库

(二)国家图书馆

(三)馆际合作的方法

四、阅读与记录文献须注意之处

(一)问题的陈述(和研究假设)

(二)研究对象的特征

(三)研究工具与测试的使用

(四)测验的过程

(五)自变项与依变项

(六)实验设计与操弄的处理(如果是实验性的研究)

(七)数据的处理与分析

(八)研究的发现

(九)后续研究的问题

(十)其他相关研究引用的出处

五、如何整理所览阅的文献资料

一、研究报告的评论准则表2-1

二、研究报告评析的格式表2-2

Table 2.1 Criteria for Critiquing a Research Paper

I.Overall impression (most important): Is the paper a significant

contribution to knowledge about the area?

II.Introduction and review of literature

A.Is the research plan developed within a reasonable theoretical framework?

B.Is current and relevant research cited and properly interpreted?

C.Is the statement of the problem clear, concise, testable, and derived from the

theory and research reviewed?

III.Method

A.Are relevant participants characteristics described, and are the subjects

appropriate for the research?

B.Is the instrumentation appropriate?

C.Are testing or treatment procedures described in sufficient detail?

D.Are the statistical analyses and research design sufficient?

IV.Results

A.Do the results evaluate the stated problem?

B.Is the presentation of results complete?

C.Are the tables and figures appropriate?

V.Discussion

A.Are the results discussed?

B.Are the results related back to the problem, theory, and previous findings

C.Is there excessive speculation?

VI.References

A.Are all references in the correct format, and are they complete?

B.Are all references cited in the text?

C.Are all dates in the references correct, and do they match the text citation?

VII.Abstract

A.Does it include a statement of the purpose; description of subjects,

instrumentation, and procedures; and a report of meaningful findings?

B.Is the abstract the proper length?

VIII.General

A.Are key words provided?

B.Are running heads provided?

C.Does the paper provide for use of nonsexist language, protection of human

subjects, and appropriated labeling of human subjects?

The purpose of the review is to demonstrate that your problem needs investigation and that you have considered the value of relevant past research in developing your hypotheses and methods.