词汇学题目
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。
A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。
A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。
A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。
A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。
A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。
A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。
A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。
A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。
答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。
答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。
答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。
答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。
词汇学考试题及答案
1.give the definition of the lexicology.2. give the definition of the word3. what are the main three types of word formation and the main features of the three types?4. what are they characteristics of the English idioms?5. what do you think of the course: English lexicology.第一题Lexicology is a branch of linguistics inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. (WNWD)English lexicology is a subbranch of linguistics. But it embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics, lexicography. Morphology: the branch of grammar, studies the structure or form of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct.Etymology: traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.Semantics: the study of meanings of different linguistics levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.Stylistics: the study of style, concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects.Lexicography: record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference. (Edit a dictionary).第二题The definition of a word comprises the following points:(1) a minimal free form of a language;(2) a sound unity;(3) a unit of meaning;(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.第三题The most productive word formations are affixations, compounding and conversion. The rest of new words come from shortening including clipping and acronymy, together with words born out of blending and other means. While applying the rules, we should remember that there are always exceptions.1. AffixationAffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. This process is also known as derivation, the words formed in this way are called derivations.1.1 Prefixation. It is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. The majority of prefixes are characterized by their non-class-changing nature.Negative prefixes: a-, dis-, in- (il-, ir-, im-), non-, un-.Reversative prefixes: de-, dis-, un-.Pejorative prefixes: mal-, mis-, pseudo-.Prefixes of degree or size: arch-, extra-, hyper-, macro-, micro-,mini-, out-, over-, sub-, super-, sur-, ultra-, under-.Prefixes of orientation and attitude: anti-, contra-, counter-, pro-.Locative prefixes: extra-, fore-, inter-, intra-, tele-, trans-.Prefixes of time and order: ex-, fore-, post-, pre-, re-.Number prefixes: bi-, multi- (poly-), semi- (hemi-), tri-, uni- (mono-). Miscellaneous prefixes: auto-, neo-, pan-, vice-.1.2 SuffixationIt is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. They mainly change the word class.Noun suffixes:a. Denominal nouns: Concrete: -eer, -er, -ess, -ette, - let; Abstract: -age, -dom, -ery, -ery (-ry), -hood, -ing, -sim, -ship.b. Deverbal nouns:To create nouns denoting people: -ant, -ee, -ent, -er (-or).To produce abstract nouns, denoting action, result, process, state, etc.: -age, -al, -ance, -ation (-ition, -tion, -sion, -ion), -ence, -ing, -ment.c. De-adjective nouns: -ity, -ness.d. Noun and adjective suffixes: can be used both as nouns and adjectives: -ese, -an, -ist.Adjective suffixes:a. Denominal suffixes: -ed, -ful, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -y; -al (-ial, -ical), -esque, -ic, -ous (-eous, -ious).(Both –ic and –ical can be affixed to the same stem in some cases, but differ in meaning.)b. Deverbal suffixes: –able (-ible), -ive (-ative, -sive).Adverb suffixes: -ly, -ward(s), -wise.Verb suffixes: -ate, -en, - (i)fy, -ize (-ise).Some seemingly productive vogue affixes like –nik are still considered slang.2. CompoundingIt is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems, also called composition. Words formed in this way are called compounds.A compound is a ‘lexicology unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word’. They can be written solid, hyphenated and open.2.1 Characteristics of CompoundsOpen compounds are the same in form as free phrases. The difference:Phonetic features: In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first element. Semantic features: Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. Grammatical features: A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence.2.2 Formation of CompoundsThe three major classes of compounds:Noun compounds: n+n; n+v; v+n; a+n; n+v-ing; v-ing+n; n+v-er; adv+v; v+adv; v-ing+adv; adv+v-ing.All of these patterns are more or less productive except the last two.Adjective compounds: n+v-ing; a+v-ing; n+a; a+a; n+v-ed; a (adv) +v-ed; n (a) +n-ed; num+n; num+n-ed; adv+v-ing; v-ed+adv.Very productive: n+v-ing, n+a, n+v-ed.Verb compounds.The limited number of verbs are created either through conversion or backformation.3. ConversionIt is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. This process is also known as functional shift.Conversion to NounVerb to noun: Almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways according to Quirk et al: State (of mind or sensation); Event or activity; Result of the action; Doer of the action; Tool or instrument to do the action with; Place of action.Many simple nouns converted from verbs can be used with have, take, make, give etc. to form phrases to replace the verb or denote a brief action.Adjective to noun: Not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Words fully converted: They can be: common adjectives, participles and others. Words partially converted: This class generally refer to a group of the kind. Miscellaneous conversion: This covers nouns converted from conjunctions, models, finite verbs, prepositions, etc.Conversion to verbsA noun can be converted to a verb without any change. This is both economical and vivid.Noun to verb: ways: to put in or on N; to give N r to provide with N; to remove N from; to do with N; to be or act as N; to make or change into N; to send or go by N. Verbs of this type are all transitive except the last one.Adjective to verb: This is not as productive as that of nouns. They can be used either transitively to mean ‘to make…adjective’ or intransitively ‘to become adjective’. Verbs restricted to transitive use are still, forward, free, bare, blind and so on. Miscellaneous conversionIn some cases, conversion is accompanied by certain change: which affect pronunciation or spelling or stress distribution. The most common changes are: V oiceless to voiced consonant; Initial to end stress.第四题Idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meaning of individual elements. In a broad sense, idiom may include colloquialisms（俗语）, Catchphrases（标语）,slang expressions （俚语）,proverbs（谚语）,etc. They form an important part of the English vocabulary.Characteristics of Idioms: Semantic Unity and Structured StabilitySemantic Unity: Being phrases or sentences, Idioms each consist of more than one word, but each is a semantic unity, e.g. keep in mind, take off. The semantic unity ofidioms is also reflected in the illogical relationship between the literal meaning and the meaning of the idiom. For example, ‘How do you do’ does not mean ‘In what way do you do things’.Structural Stability: The structure of an idiom is to a large extent unchangeable: the constituents of idioms cannot be replaced; the word order cannot be inverted or changed; the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to; many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.第五题English lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course. It is chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. However, it is a practical course as well, for in the discussion, we shall inevitably deal with copious stocks of words and idioms, and study many usage examples. Naturally, there will be a large quantity of practice involved.Lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology(形态学), semantics（语义学）, etymology（词源学）, stylistics（文体论）, lexicography（词典编撰）.Aims of the course1)Give a systematic description of the English vocabulary.2)Offer an insight into the origin and development of the English vocabulary.3)Discuss the problems of word-structure and word-formation4)Study the use of English words , their meanings and changes in meaning, theirsense relations.The significance of the course1)Develop your personal vocabulary and consciously increase your word power(active vocabulary).2)Understand word-meaning and organize, classify and store words moreeffectively.3)Raise your awareness of meaning and usages, use words more accurately andappropriately.4)Develop your skills and habits of analyzing and generalizing linguisticphenomena in your learning experiences.5)Ultimately improve your receptive and productive skills in language processingas well as language production.。
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案【篇一：词汇学试题】ss=txt>i choose the best answer from the four choices. (30‘)1. the M sll in —drumsll is ___ .a. a free morphemeb.a stemc. a rootd.an inflectional affix2. a word is the combi nation of form and _______ ・a. spellingb. writingc. meaningd. denoting3. trumpet is a(n) _____ motivated word・a. morphologically b semanticallyc. phoneticallyd. etymologicall4. ____ i s a pair of emotive synonyms・a. —dadll and —fatherllb.—flatll and —apartmentllb. c.—meanil and —frugallld.—chargell and —accusell5. the word —Ianguagell is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person's language.this is called _______ ・a. scientific Ianguageb.idiolectb. c.colloquial language d.formal language6. the meaning of the word fond changed from foolish to affectionate by mode of ______ .a. extensionb. narrowingc. elevationd. degradation7. degradation can be illustrated by the followingexample ____ .b. a. lewd —> ignorant b. silly —> foolishc. c・ Iast —> pleasured・ knave —> boy8. english lexicology embraces morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics and _____ ・a. linguisticsb・ pragmaticsc・ Iexicographyd・ phonology 9. which of the following is incorrect?a —airmailll means —mail by airllb. —reading-lampll means —lamp for readingllc. —green hornil is the horn green in colord. —hopelessll is —without hopeIIlO.which group of the following are perfect homonyms?a. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)b. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used forshooting)c. bank(the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)d. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)11. the following are the main sources of homonyms excepta. change in meaningb. change in sound c ・change in spelling d. borrowing42. antonyms can be classified into three major groups except ・a. evaluative termsb. contrary termsc. complementary termsd. conversive terms13. —parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/ successorllarea. contrary termsb. contradictory termsc. conversive terms d・ complementary terms14, _________________________________________ there are2 main process of sense -shift except ______________ .a. radiationb. concatenationc. borrowing45. according to morphology, there are 2 types of classifications except ____ ・a. root antonymsb. derivative antonymsc・ contraries46. there are derivative antonyms except____ ・a pleasant-—unpleasant b. polite---impolitec. war-一antiwar d・ large一一small17. there are complementary antonyms except ___ ・a. child----girlb. single—marriedc. dead-™alived. brother—sister48. there are 3classifications of homonyms except _____ ・a. perfect homonymsb. homographsc. homophonesd. contrary homonyms・19. modern english is derived from the Ianguage of earlytribes.a. greekb. romanc・ italiand. germanic20. the prehistoric indo-europea n pare nt Ian guage is thoughtto be a highly _____ Ianguage・a. inflected b・ derivedc・ developedd・ analyzed4.in modern english one may find some words whose soundssuggest their ____ ・2」exical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _______________ .3. ___ t he meanings of many words often relate directly to their _____ ・ in the words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word・4. part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs all belong to _______ meaning.5.1 exicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _______________ of words・6. generally speaking,linguistics is the ______ study ofIan guage ・7. there are two main approaches to study of english lexicology,that is ___ and ____ ・8・“tulip”and “rose”，are ____ of <<flower,,.u flower,,is the superordinate term and u tulip,,,u rose n are the _______ term.8. at the beginning of the fifth century britain was invaded by three tribes from the northern europe:angles, _____ and _____ 9. four group of loanword s ______ , ________ , _____ a n d _______ .iii. put the following words into the appropriate blanks.(4O') flock herd school troop pride1. a __ of cattle2.a ____ o f monkeys3. a __ of lions4.a ___ of sheep5. a __ offishiv. judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.(24. 『elations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy.2. in semantics, meaning of Ianguage is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experie nee.3. grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates grammatical concepts・4. the connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.5. —male/female, present/absentllare contrary terms・v. define the following terms.(2,+4,=6,)1. word2. motivatio nvi. answer the following questions .(6,+6,+8,=20,) 1 ・ what is the d iff ere nee betwee n homonyms and polysemy? how to differentiate them?2. how do linguists divide the history of the english language for analysis?3. discuss some of the characteristics of antonyms.答案1. d.2.c3.c4.c5.b6.c 7b 8.c 9.c 10 c 11.a12. a 13.c 14.c 15.c 16.d 17.a 18.d 19.d 2O.aii.1. meaning2.associated meaning3.origins4.grammatical5. meani ngs6. s cientific7.synchronlc,diachronic 8,hyponymys, superordinate8. sax on s,jutes9. aliens, denizens,translation・loans,semantic borrowings • • •IIIherd troopprideflockschooliv1. t2.f3.t4.f5.tV・1. a word is a minimum free form,that is to say,the smallest form that may appear in isolation・2. motivation acco unts for the conn ection betwee n the linguistic symbol and its meaning.most words can said to benon-motivated.that is,the conn ection of the sign and meaning does not have logical connectionexplanation.neverthelss,english does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent.vi.1 ・ homonyms refer to d iff ere nt words which happe n to share the same form and polysemy refer to the fact that the same word has several distinguishable meanings・ by seeing their etymology, we can distinguish them, i. e. homonyms are from d iff ere nt sources while a polysemy is from the same source which has acquireddifferent meanings in the course of development. the secondprincipal consideration is semantic relatedness・ the various meaning of a polysemy are correlated and connected to do with one another, additionally, In dictionary, a polysemy has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries・2. three periods in the development of english language (vocabulary)1) old english or anglo-saxon period (449-1100)1 much of the old english vocabulary was borrowed from latin 如bargain, cheap, inch, pound; cup, dish, wall, wine, etc2 old english was a highly in fleeted language .it has a complete system of declensions of words2) middle english period ( 1100-1500 )1 french influence and norman conquest in 1066law and government administration: military affairs> religion、art 2 middle english is becoming from highly inflected language to analytic language3) modern english period (1500-)【篇二：词汇学考试题目】1.in old english there was ______ agreement between sound form.()a moreb. littlec. lessd. gradual2. both Idee and cceld are ______ ・()a. general dictionariesb monolingual dictionariesc. both a and bd. neither a and b3. the word miniskirt is ______ ・()a. morphologically motivatedb etymologically motivatedc. semantically motivatedd. none of the above4. the most important way of vocabulary development in present-dayenglish is _______ ・()a borrowingb. semantic changec. creation of new wordsd. all the above5. beneralization is a process by which a word that originallyhad a specialized meaning has now become ________ ・()a. generalizedb. expandedc. elevatedd・ degraded6. _________________________ some morphemes have as they are realized by morethan one morph according to their position in word.()a. alter native morphsb. single morphsc. abstract unitsd. discrete units7.old english vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from latin and Scandinavian・()a. italicb germanicc. Celticd. hellenica. semanticsb. grammarc. phoneticsd. Iexicology9.if two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called ____________ .()a. repetitionb. alliterationc. rhymed. none of the abovelO.which of the following words is a functional word?()a. oftenb. neverc. althoughd. desk41. _______________________________ rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _____________________________ ・()a. semantic unityb. structural stabilityc. idiomatic variationd. figure of speech12.the advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _________________ .()a. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyb understand idioms correctlyc. remember idioms quicklyd. try a new method of classification13. borrowing as a source of homonymy in english can be illustrated by _______ .()a. long (not short)b. ball (a dancing party)c. rock (rocknroll)d. ad (advertisement)14. the change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors except _______ .()a. the influx of borrowingb. repetitionc. analogyd ・ shortening15. w hich of the following is not a comp orient of linguistic context?()a. words and phrases ・b. sentencesc. text or passaged. time and placeii. match the words or expressions in column a with those in column b according to 1 )types of meaning changes; 2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context. (10%)16. seandinavian ( ) l (place where things are made) 22. participants ( ) g.determined23. difference in denotation ( ) h.pigheaded24. appreciative ( ) i.non-linguistic25. pejorative ( ) j.iron (a device for smoothing clothes)iii. study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2) types of word formation or prefixes. (20%))17. germanic () 18. extension () 49.narrowing () 21. ambiguity () b. grammaticalc.d ouble meaning d.s wedish f. dutch27. mote I ()()29. blueprint ()30. preliminaries ()31. southward ()32. demilitarize ()33. hypersensitive ()34. retell ()35. multi-purposes ()iv. define the following terms. (10%)36. acr onymy37. native words38. elevatio n39. stylistic meaning40. monolingral dictionaryV・answer the following questions. your answers should the clear and short・ write your answers in the space given below・(10%)41 ・how many types of motivation are there in english? give one example for each type・42. what are the major sources of english synonyms? illustrate your points・Vl.analyze and comment on the following. write your answers in the space given below・(20%)43. a nalyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.recollection, nationalist, unearthly英语词汇学试题参考答案I. (30%)1. a2.c3.a4.c5.a6.a7.b8.d9.b 10.c 11.d 12.a 13.b 14.b 15.d II. (10%)16. d17. f18. a19. j20. b21. c22.i23. e24. g25. hm.(2o%)26. bound root27. (head+tail) blending28.inflectional affix/morpheme30. full conversion31. derivational suffix32. derivation33. prefix of degree34. derivational prefix35. number prefixIV. (10%)36. the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms・37. n ative words, also known as anglo-saxon words, are words brought to britian in the 5th century by the germanic tribes・38. the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importanee.39. the distinctlve stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.40. a dictio nary writte n in one language, or a dicti on ary in which entries are defined in the same Ianguage.V. (10%)41. there are four types of motivation:1) onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2) morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3) semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4) etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.42. key points:borrowing; dialects and regional english; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidenee with idiomatic expressions.VL(20%)43.1) each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collect+ion) ,nationalist(nation+al+ist) ,unearthly (un+earth+ly).2) of the nine morphemes, only collect,nation and earth are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves・3) all the rest re-,-ion，-al,-ist,un・ and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words・【篇三：英语词汇学试题】write the terms in the blanks according to the definitions・(20 points)4. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ()2. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ()3. a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme ()4. a morpheme that can stand alone ()5. a morpheme attached to a stem alone ()6. an affix that indicates grammatical relations ()7. an affix that forms new words with a stem or root ()8. what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes ()9. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ()40. the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words () ii. form negatives pf each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non・，un-. (40 points) smoker capablepractical obey security relevant mature ability officially willingnesslegal agreement logicalloyal convenientathleic moral regularhonest likeiii. decide whether the following statements are true or false・ (20 points)english is more closely related to german than french.2. old english was a highly inflected Ianguage・3. middle english absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but withlittle change in word endings・4. conversions refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class・5. words mainly invoIved in conversation are nouns, verbs, and adverbs.6. motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning ・7. unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstableandin determinate.8. perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronounciation ・9. contradictory terms do not show degrees・10. antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.iv. study the sentences below and give and antonyms to the word in bold type in each context. (20 points)4. the discussion enabled them to have a clear idea of the nature of the problem.2. they are faced with clear alter natives ・3. his grandfather's mind was not clear during the time he made the will.4. i'd like to get a clear plastic bag to carry this・5. wash the substances with clear cold water.6. the singefs voice remai ned pure and clear throughout the eveni ng.7. all colors were clear, the river below her was brilliant blue・8. her eyes behind the huge spectacles are clear andun troubled ・9. now that Pve told her everyth!ng, i can leave with a clear con scie nee.10. he is a shortish man of clear complexion.参考答案英语词汇学i. 1.morpheme 2. allomorph 3. bound morpheme 4. free morpheme 5. affix6. inflectional affix7. derivational affix8. root9. stem 10. etymology11. n onsmoker, in capable, impractical, discovery, insecurity, irrelevant, immature,inability/disability, unofficially, unwillingness, illegal, disagreeme nt, illogical, disloyal, inco nv enient, non athletic, immoral, irregular, dishonest, dislikeiii. l.t 2.t 3.f 4.t 5.f 6.t 7.t 8.t 9.t 10.tiv. 1. confusing 2. ambiguous 3. muddled 4. opaque 5. dirty6. harsh7. dull8. shifty9. guiltylO. blemished。
新编英语词汇学参考答案
新编英语词汇学参考答案一、选择题1. A. 词汇量是指一个人掌握的词汇数量。
2. B. 词汇的语义场是指词汇在语义上的分类。
3. C. 词汇的形态变化包括派生、合成和转换。
4. D. 词汇的习得是指通过学习掌握新词汇的过程。
5. E. 词汇的语义关系包括同义、反义、上下位等关系。
二、填空题6. 词汇的派生是指通过添加词缀来形成新词。
7. 词汇的合成是指将两个或多个词汇组合成新词。
8. 词汇的转换是指词汇在不同词性间的转换。
9. 词汇的习得可以通过阅读、听力、口语和写作等多种方式。
10. 词汇的语义关系有助于理解词汇的含义和使用。
三、简答题11. 词汇的习得对语言学习者的重要性是什么？词汇的习得对语言学习者至关重要，因为词汇是语言的基本构成单位。
掌握足够的词汇量有助于提高语言理解能力、表达能力和沟通效率。
此外，词汇习得还有助于学习者更好地理解语言的文化内涵和使用习惯。
12. 词汇的形态变化有哪些类型？词汇的形态变化主要包括三种类型：派生、合成和转换。
派生是通过添加词缀来形成新词；合成是将两个或多个词汇组合成新词；转换是词汇在不同词性间的转换，例如名词转动词。
13. 词汇的语义场是如何帮助我们理解和使用词汇的？词汇的语义场通过将词汇按照语义关系进行分类，帮助我们更好地理解和记忆词汇。
例如，通过了解“家具”这一语义场，我们可以快速记忆和使用与家具相关的词汇，如“桌子”、“椅子”、“床”等。
四、论述题14. 论述词汇习得策略在语言教学中的作用。
词汇习得策略在语言教学中起着至关重要的作用。
首先，有效的词汇习得策略可以帮助学习者扩大词汇量，提高语言运用能力。
其次，通过教授不同的词汇习得策略，教师可以激发学生的学习兴趣，使他们更加主动地参与到语言学习中。
此外，词汇习得策略还可以帮助学习者更好地理解词汇的语义和用法，从而提高语言的准确性和流畅性。
15. 分析词汇的语义关系对语言理解和表达的影响。
词汇的语义关系对语言理解和表达具有重要影响。
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 下列哪个词属于多义词？A. 桌子B. 苹果C. 跑D. 书2. 词汇的最小单位是：A. 词B. 语素C. 词组D. 句子3. 词汇的同义关系指的是：A. 词与词之间意义相同或相近B. 词与词之间意义相反C. 词与词之间意义无关D. 词与词之间意义有联系但不相同4. “绿色”一词在“绿色食品”中属于：A. 颜色词B. 形容词C. 抽象名词D. 专有名词5. “网络”一词在现代汉语中属于：A. 古汉语词汇B. 外来词C. 新词D. 专业术语6. 下列哪个词属于反义词？A. 快-慢B. 男-女C. 长-短D. 老-少7. 词汇的构成方式不包括：A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 音译8. “美丽”一词的词性是：A. 名词B. 动词C. 形容词D. 副词9. “电脑”一词的构词方式是：A. 合成B. 派生C. 借用D. 音译10. 下列哪个词属于外来词？A. 电视B. 电话C. 网络D. 汽车二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. 词汇学是研究语言中________的学科。
12. 词义的演变通常包括词义的________、________和________。
13. 词义的________是指词义在特定语境下临时改变的现象。
14. 词汇的________是指词义的扩大，能够涵盖更多的事物或现象。
15. 词汇的________是指词义的缩小，只能指特定的事物或现象。
三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）16. 简述词汇的构成方式有哪些？17. 简述词义演变的类型。
四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）18. 论述词汇学在语言教学中的重要性。
19. 论述词汇的同义关系和反义关系在语言表达中的作用。
五、案例分析题（共40分）20. 请分析“手机”一词的词义演变过程，并讨论其对现代汉语词汇发展的影响。
（20分）21. 以“环保”为例，分析词汇的派生构成方式及其在现代社会中的应用。
词汇学练习试题
1.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics2.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place3.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good5The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin6Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic7The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes8The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes9The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes10The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes11The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes12.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size13. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes15Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames16The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.B.negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes17The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.C.prefixes of degree or size B. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes18Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames19The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes20The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes21_______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context22. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related23.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically24Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically25.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudeD. understanding1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondarymeanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms12Composition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning . The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning15Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaning1.In Shakespearean line ‘rats and mice and such small dee r’, deer obviously designates ‘_____’ ingeneral.A. a doeB.. animalC. a deerlike animalD. buck2.The original meaning of wife is _______.A. a married womanB. a young womanC. womanD. widowed woman3.The meaning of meat changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation4.The meaning of fond changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation5.The original meaning of minister is ______.A. head of a ministryB. a tutorC.a farmerD. servant6.The original meaning of success is ______.A.resultB. progressC. eventD. incident7.The meaning of churl changed by mode of _______.A. elevationB. extensionC. degradationD. narrowing8.Loud colours belongs to ______.A.transfer of sensationsB. transfer between abstract and concrete meaningsC.transfer from objective to subjectiveD. transfer from subjective to objective9. The meaning of picture changed by modes of _____.A. extensionB. narrowingC. degradationD. elevationI. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Jack of all trades is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature2.Let the dog see the rabbit is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature3.How are you is a(n) __________.A.idiom nominal in natureB. idiom verbal in natureB.idiom adjective in nature D. sentence idiom4.tooth and nail is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature5.Beyond the pale is an idiom _________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature6.Play fast and loose shows the feature of ________.A. repetitionB. reiterationC. juxtapositionD. rhyme7.Spend money like water is an example of _________.A．metaphor B. simile C. metonymy D. synecdoche8.The salt of the earth is an example of _______.A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. synecdoche9. From cradle to grave is an example of _________.A. simileB. metaphorC. synecdocheD. metonymy10.Fall into good hands is an example of _________.A. simileB. metaphorC. synecdocheD. metonymy11.The pot calls the cattle black is an example of _______.A.metaphorB. personificationC. synecdocheD. euphemism12.Powder one’s nose is an example of _________.A. personificationB. euphemismC. synecdocheD. hyperbold13.A world of trouble is an example of ________.A. euphemismB. personificationC. hyperboleD. metonymy14.Chop and change shows the feature of __________.A. rhymeB. repetitionC. reiterationD. repetition15.By hook and by crook is an example of ________.A. alliterationB. rhymeC. reiterationD. repetitionI.1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B。
词汇学语言考试题及答案
词汇学语言考试题及答案1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的哪一方面？A. 语音B. 语法C. 词汇D. 语义答案：C2. 词汇学中，词根是指什么？A. 词的最小意义单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的语法单位答案：A3. 词汇学研究中，词缀的作用是什么？A. 改变词义B. 改变词性C. 改变词形D. 以上都是答案：D4. 以下哪个词不是复合词？A. 黑板B. 电脑C. 老师D. 飞机答案：C5. 词汇学中，同义词是指什么？A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 形式相同的词答案：B6. 词汇学中，反义词是指什么？A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 形式相同的词答案：C7. 词汇学研究中，词义的演变叫做什么？A. 词义变化B. 词义发展C. 词义演变D. 词义扩展答案：C8. 词汇学中，词义的缩小指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义变得更加广泛D. 词义保持不变答案：A9. 词汇学研究中，词义的扩大指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义变得更加广泛D. 词义保持不变答案：C10. 词汇学中，词义的转移指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义从一个领域转移到另一个领域D. 词义保持不变答案：C。
词汇学期末考试题及答案
词汇学期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的核心对象是（）。
A. 语音B. 语法C. 词汇D. 语义答案：C2. 词义的最小单位是（）。
A. 语素B. 词C. 短语D. 句子答案：A3. 以下哪个词属于多义词？（）A. 桌子B. 苹果C. 跑D. 笔答案：C4. 词义的演变通常不包括（）。
A. 词义扩大B. 词义缩小C. 词义转移D. 词义创新答案：D5. 以下哪个词属于外来词？（）A. 沙发B. 电脑C. 汽车D. 火车答案：A6. 词义的引申通常是基于（）。
A. 词的本义B. 词的引申义C. 词的转用义D. 词的比喻义答案：A7. 以下哪个词属于同义词？（）A. 快速和迅速B. 桌子和椅子C. 红色和蓝色D. 学习和平息答案：A8. 以下哪个词属于反义词？（）A. 高和矮B. 桌子和椅子C. 红色和蓝色D. 学习和平息答案：A9. 以下哪个词属于成语？（）A. 马到成功B. 桌子C. 红色D. 学习答案：A10. 以下哪个词属于专业术语？（）A. 电脑B. 桌子C. 红色D. 学习答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中的词汇及其变化规律的学科。
2. 词义的演变包括词义扩大、词义缩小和词义转移。
3. 多义词是指一个词具有两个或两个以上相关或不相关的意义。
4. 外来词是指从其他语言借用过来的词。
5. 词义的引申通常是基于词的本义。
6. 同义词是指意义相同或相近的词。
7. 反义词是指意义相反或相对的词。
8. 成语是指由四个或四个以上汉字组成的固定短语，具有特定的意义和用法。
9. 专业术语是指在特定领域内使用的具有特定意义的词。
10. 词汇的创新是指根据语言发展的需要，创造出新的词汇。
三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述词汇学的研究内容。
词汇学主要研究语言中的词汇及其变化规律，包括词的构成、词义的演变、词的分类、词的用法等方面。
2. 简述词义演变的类型。
词汇学复习题答案
词汇学复习题答案一、单项选择题1. 词汇学研究的核心内容是（）。
A. 语言的语音系统B. 语言的语法结构C. 语言的词汇系统D. 语言的语用功能答案：C2. 以下哪个选项不属于词汇学的研究范畴？（）A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的演变C. 词汇的分类D. 语音的音位变化答案：D3. 词汇学中，对词义的研究主要关注（）。
A. 词义的来源B. 词义的演变C. 词义的分类D. 所有上述选项答案：D4. 词汇学中，词的构成要素包括（）。
A. 音位B. 词根C. 词缀D. 所有上述选项答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，对词汇的分类主要依据（）。
A. 词的形态B. 词的语法功能C. 词的意义D. 词的使用频率答案：B二、填空题1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的构成、意义、使用和发展变化规律的学科。
2. 词汇学的研究对象包括词、短语、成语等语言单位。
3. 词义的演变通常包括词义的扩大、缩小、转移和分化。
4. 词汇的分类可以根据词的语法功能、语义特征和使用场合等标准进行。
5. 词汇学的研究方法包括比较法、历史法和结构法等。
三、简答题1. 简述词汇学的主要研究内容。
答：词汇学的主要研究内容包括词的构成、词义、词汇的分类、词汇的使用和发展变化等。
2. 词汇学与语法学的主要区别是什么？答：词汇学主要研究词汇的构成、意义和使用，而语法学则研究句子的结构和成分之间的关系。
3. 词汇学中，词义的研究有哪些主要方法？答：词汇学中，词义的研究方法包括语义场分析、词义演变分析、词义对比分析等。
四、论述题1. 论述词汇学在语言教学中的作用。
答：词汇学在语言教学中的作用主要体现在帮助学习者理解词汇的构成和意义，掌握词汇的使用规则，提高词汇学习效率，以及通过词汇学的研究方法，促进学习者对语言的深入理解和应用能力的提升。
词汇学-- 题
I.Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Circle T or Fas you see fit on your answer sheet. (10%)1. The basic word stock of a language is changing rapidly all the time.2. A free morpheme is a word in the traditional sense.3. The total number of functional words is very limited in English.4. Every English word has its motivation.5. All the affixes in English are very productive.6. The meaning of a word, especially that of a polysemous word, is oftendetermined by the context in which it appears.7. Some synonyms are connected with euphemisms and vulgarisms.8. The interaction between American English and British English is largelyfrom west to east nowadays.9. If a native word has a borrowed synonym, the foreign word is alwaysmore literary than the native one.10. A synchronic dictionary is a dictionary of contemporary words.II. The following are multiple-choice questions. Mark your answer bycircling A,B, C or D on your answer sheet. (20%)11. The history of the English language began with the conquest and settlement of what is now England by the _________.(A) Romans(B) Danish(C) Angles, Saxons and Jutes(D) Normans12. The sentence “Feeling fatigued, Tom retired early” is stylistically __________.(A) colloquial(B) slangy(C) literary(D) neutral13. A morpheme is a two-facet language unit, which possesses both ________.(A) function and meaning(B) letters and meaning(C) syllable and meaning(D) sound and meaning14. A hybrid is a word made up of elements belonging to two or more _________.(A) foreign languages(B) different languages(C) Germanic languages(D) Romance languages15. In English the most productive type of conversion is conversion__________.(A) from verb to adjective(B) from adjective to noun(C) from noun to adjective(D) from noun to verb16. The majority of back-formed words are ___________.(A) nouns(B) adjectives(C) verbs(D) adverbs17. “Statesman” is an appreciative word whereas “politician” is a_________.(A) colloquial word(B) derogatory word(C) purr word(D) neutral word18. “Happy” and “unhappy” are ____________.(A) non-gradable antonyms(B) root antonyms(C) derivational antonyms(D) conversives19. The language brought to North America by the British explorers in the seventeenth century belongs to the early stage of _______.(A) Old English(B) Middle English(C) Modern English(D) Contemporary English20. “Corpse” originally meant the human body. Now it means a dead body. This is a case of _______.(A) restriction of meaning(B) extension of meaning(C) degeneration of meaning(D) elevation of meaningIII. Decide whether each of the following words is a A)simple word, B) compound word, C) derived word or D) shortened form. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.21. taxi 22. lady23. modernize 24. eager25. friendship 26. warship27. German 28. Frenchman29. crocodile 30. photoIV. Explain the following terms with appropriate examples. Do it on the answer sheet. (10%)31. allomorph32. derivationV. Give a short answer to the following questions. Do it on the answersheet. (30%)33. The meaning of a ploysemous word is often determined by thelinguistic context in which it appears. Illustrate this point with examples.34. What are the four commonest tendencies of the change of wordmeaning?VI. Give a longer answer (150-200 words) to the following question. Do iton the answer sheet. (20%)35. How are antonyms classified in English?II.I. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Circle T or F as you see fit on your answer sheet. (10%)1. All the words in a language together constitute what is known as its basicword stock.2. Greek borrowings in English are mostly words about things in daily life.3. The English vocabulary is extremely homogeneous.4. Content words as a class are used more frequently than function words.5. Inflectional affixes have only grammatical meanings.6. Root, stem and base refer to the same thing.7. The prefix “de-“ is polysemic.8. There is an intrinsic connection between the sound symbol and the senseof all English words.9. “Impossible” expresses a stronger negation than “not possible”.10. When an idiom is reworded, its sense is usually destroyed.II. Choose the correct answer. Mark your choice on the answer sheet. (20%)11. Middle English began with the _________ conquest of England in 1066.a. Greekb. Normanc. Danishd. Roman12. New words in a language are also referred to as __________.a. archaismsb. neologismsc. colloquialismsd. euphemisms13. The word “stretched” is made up of two __________.a. vowelsb. morphemesc. syllablesd. phonemes14. The suffix “-ling” as in “hireling” and “weakling” has a _______ shade of meaning.a. poeticb. euphemisticc. commendatoryd. derogatory15. Which of the following is an acronym?a. OPECb. CIAc. ISBNd. FBI16. “Bank” has the meaning of “land along the side of a river” and “a place in which money is kept and paid out”. This is an example of ___________.a. polysemyb. homonymyc. hyponymyd. homophony17. “Sow” (put seeds in soil) and “sow” (a fully grown female pig) are_________.a. homophonesb. homographsc. hyponymsd. perfect synonyms18. “Journey” originally meant “a day’s walk”. Now it means “distance traveled”. This is a case of _________.a. generalizationb. specializationc. pejorationd. amelioration19. The branch of linguistics treating of word origins is called _______.a. grammatologyb. phraseologyc. lexicologyd. etymology20. The root “-tain” as in maintain, “retain” and “detain” means ___________.a. to holdb. to givec. to getd. to putIII. Examines the following words and decide whether each of them is a: (A) simple word, (B) derived word, (C) compound word or, (D) shortened word. (10%)21. memo 26. radish22. lady 27. tiger23. workman 28. childhood24. worker 29. teapot25. reddish 30. uglifyIV. Explain the following terms, giving appropriate examples. Write your answer on the answer sheet. (15%)31. conversion32. bound morpheme33. elevation of meaningV. Give a brief answer to the following questions. Write it on your answer sheet. (20%)34. What is the difference between polysemy and homonymy?35. Say something about the motivation of English words.三 . Expound the following question in about 200 words. Write it in the space provided on your answer sheet. (25%)Grammatical Meaning and Lexical MeaningI. Some of the following statements are true, and the others false. Mark your answer by writing T or F on your answer sheet. (10%)1. The transitional period from Old English to Modern English is known as Middle English (1100-1500), which is characterized by the strong influence of French.2. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are loan words.3. An allomorph is the minimal meaningful unit of the English language.4. Today the largest number of new words are formed by compounding.5. Acronymy and derivation are all processes of shortening words or word groups.6. Genuine coinage is not rare.7. Componential analysis enables us to have an exact knowledge of the conceptual meaning of words.8. Polysemy is an essential feature of a language’s economy and efficiency.9. Homophones are words identical in spelling but different in meaning.10. All words have antonyms.II. The following are multiple-choice questions. Mark your answer by writing A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet. (20%)11. A _____ of sheep is grazing in the fields.(A) flock (B) herd(C) shoal (D) swarm12. When you have a problem in your study, you may ask the teacher for help. “Ask” here means _______.(A) invite (B) demand(C) require (D) request13. He is one of my fast friends. “Fast” here means __________.(A) rapid (B) steadfast(C) secure (D) sensitive14. “Married” and “single” form a pair of _________.(A) conversives (B) complementary antonyms(C) gradable antonyms (D) marked antonyms15. ___________ is not a pair of homophones.(A) air, heir (B) dear, deer(C) son, sun (D) tear, tear16. The idiomatic expression in “my old man has kicked the bucket” means _______.(A) my daddy has struck a pail with his feet(B) my old buddy has gone to get the bucket(C) my old father has passed away(D) my old pail has been damaged17. ________ is not a British expression.(A) tube (B) pub(C) railroad (D) taxi18. The prefix in the word ______ does not change it to a different word-class.(A) endanger (B) unearth(C) antiwar (D) unfair19. “Donate” resulting from “donation” is an example of _________.(A) clipping (B) compounding(C) reduplication (D) back-formation20. ________ is not a pair of contrasting words.(A) High, bright (B) Empty, full(C) Rough, gentle (D) Fair, darkIII. Decide whether each of the following words is a A)simple word, B) compound word, C) derived word or D) shortened form. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.21. handwriting 26. microwave22. ordinary 27. plane23. defrost 28. airline24. retire 29. blackboard25. exam 30. unableIV. Explain the following terms with appropriate examples. Do it on the answer sheet. (10%)31. polysemy32. neoclassical formationV. Give a short answer to the following questions. Do it on the answer sheet. (30%)33. What is the difference between a free root and a bound root?34. Explain compounding and derivation and the difference between them. VI. Give a longer answer (150-200 words) to the following question. Do it on the answer sheet. (20%)35. What are the causes of the rapid growth of present-day English vocabulary?四 I. Some of the following statements are true, and the others false. Mark your answer by writing T or F on your answer sheet. (10%)1. The history of the English language begins with the conquest and settlement of what is now England by the Angles, Saxons and the Jutes from about 450 AD.2. The allomorphs of a morpheme show a slight difference in sound andmeaning.3. The three major processes of word-formation are compounding, blending and conversion.4. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words.5. The denotative meaning of a word is its definition given in a dictionary.6. Polysemy is the exception and monosemy is the rule.7. Homonyms are words different in meaning but identical in spelling or sound.8. When a word has several meanings, it will demand a separate antonym in each sense.9. When we say context determines the word sense, we mean that it gives a sense to the word.10. Idioms are usually semantically opaque.II. The following are multiple-choice questions. Mark your answer by writing A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet. (20%)11. The English language has vast debts. The majority of English words are borrowed from _________.(A) Italian, Spanish and Portuguese (B) Anglo-Saxon and Celtic(C) Latin, French and Greek (D) Hebrew, Indian and Japanese12. “tain” in “contain” is _________.(A) a free root (B) a bound root(C) an inflectional affix (D) a derivational affix13. ____________ is not a compound.(A) Airmail (B) Headache(C) Housekeeping (D) Telephone14. Among the words in brackets, __________ is a noun converted from a verb.(A) It is a good (buy). (B) Tom went (home) early.(C) The workers (canned) apples. (D) The book is a (must) for students.15. “TOEFL” is an example of ___________.(A) initialism (B) blending(C) acronym (D) clipping16. The group of words _______ are not synonyms.(A) “agony, pain, twinge” (B) “holy, sacred, consecrated”(C) “rage, fury, indignation” (D) “doubt, suspect, distrust”17. “Lend” and “borrow” form a pair of ___________.(A) conversives (B) complementary antonyms(C) gradable antonyms (D) marked antonyms18. The word “silly” used to mean “blessed and happy”; now it means “foolish”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.(A) extension (B) degeneration(C) restriction (D) elevation19. The group of words _______ do not make up a semantic field.(A) “train, plate, taxi” (B) “spinach, celery, cabbage”(C) “walk, trudge, saunter” (D) “rose, olive, purple”20. The great lexicographer Samuel Johnson compiled __________ in 1755.(A) “The American Dictionary of the English Language”(B) “A Dictionary of the English Language”(C) “Longman Modern English Dictionary”(D) “Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary”III. Decide whether each of the following words is a A) simple word, B)compound word, C) derived word or D) shortened form. Mark your answerson the answer sheet. (10%)21. fax 26. exam22. recycle 27. culture23. dropout 28. fridge24. morning 29. setback25. lighter 30. scienceIV. Explain the following terms with appropriate examples. Do it on theanswer sheet. (10%)31. synonymy32. prefixationV. Give a short answer to the following questions. Do it on the answer sheet.(30%)33. What is the difference between an inflectional affix and a derivationalaffix? Illustrate your points with examples.34. Explain clipping and blending and the difference between them.VI. Give a longer answer (150-200 words) to the following question. Do it on the answer sheet. (20%)35. What are the characteristics of the American English and how is itdifferent from British English?五．。
词汇学试题答案
词汇学试题答案一、选择题1. 词汇学是研究什么的学科？A. 语言的发音规则B. 语言的词义变化C. 语言的句法结构D. 语言的词汇组成及其变化答案：D2. 下列哪个选项不是词汇学研究的范畴？A. 新词的产生B. 词义的演变C. 语言的修辞手法D. 词汇的借用答案：C3. “同义词”和“反义词”在词汇学中的关系是：A. 同义关系B. 对立关系C. 互补关系D. 包含关系答案：B4. 在汉语中，“苹果”和“iPhone”这两个词之间的关系最接近于：A. 一般与特殊B. 全体与部分C. 具体与抽象D. 同义与异义答案：A5. 词汇的多义性是指：A. 一个词只有一个含义B. 一个词有两个或以上的含义C. 一个词的含义随着语境变化D. 一个词的含义完全由字典定义答案：B二、填空题1. 词汇学的研究可以帮助我们更好地理解和掌握________的构成及其发展变化。
答案：语言2. 在词汇学中，________是指一个词汇在不同语境中可以表达不同的含义。
答案：词义的多样性3. 词汇的________是指词汇在语言发展过程中的增加、减少或形式的变化。
答案：演变4. “书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟”这句话中的“书山”和“学海”是________的运用。
答案：比喻5. 一个词的不同含义之间存在着某种联系，这种联系称为词义的________。
答案：关联三、简答题1. 请简述词汇学在语言学习和教学中的作用。
词汇学为语言学习者提供了一个系统的理论框架，帮助他们理解词汇的构成、词义的变化以及词汇在语境中的使用。
在教学中，教师可以利用词汇学的研究成果，设计更加有效的教学方法，如通过词根词缀的学习来扩展词汇量，或者通过词义的辨析来提高学生的语言理解能力。
此外，词汇学还可以帮助教师识别和解释学习者在词汇使用中可能出现的错误，从而更好地指导学习。
2. 举例说明词汇的借用现象。
词汇的借用是指一种语言从另一种语言中引入词汇，这些词汇可能是完全借用，也可能是经过一定程度的改造。
英语词汇学试题及答案
英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语法结构B. 词汇构成C. 语音系统D. 语义关系2. 下列哪个词属于复合词？A. happyB. unicycleC. bicycleD. unhappy3. 词根是指什么？A. 单词的前缀B. 单词的后缀C. 单词的基本部分D. 单词的派生部分4. 词汇的同源词是指什么？A. 意义相近的词B. 形式相似的词C. 来源相同的词D. 功能相同的词5. 词汇的语义变化通常被称为什么？A. 词汇演变B. 词汇扩展C. 词汇借用D. 词汇创新二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英语中的词缀分为________和后缀。
7. 英语词汇的构成方式之一是________，例如：class + room = classroom。
8. 英语中的合成词是由两个或两个以上自由词组合而成的，如________。
9. 英语中，一个词的意义可能随着时间而发生变化，这种现象称为________。
10. 英语词汇学中的“词义扩展”是指一个词的意义范围________。
三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述英语词汇的来源有哪些？12. 解释什么是词汇的同化现象，并给出一个例子。
13. 描述词汇的语义变化有哪些类型？四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）14. 论述英语词汇学在语言教学中的应用。
15. 分析英语词汇中的借词现象及其对英语发展的影响。
参考答案一、选择题1. B2. B3. C4. C5. A二、填空题6. 前缀7. 合成8. blackboard9. 语义演变10. 扩大或缩小三、简答题11. 英语词汇的来源包括：古英语、拉丁语、法语、希腊语、德语等。
12. 词汇的同化现象是指外来词在借用到另一种语言中时，为了适应新语言的发音规则而发生的改变。
例如，英语中的“sushi”在一些非英语国家可能会被读作“苏西”以适应当地语言的发音习惯。
词汇学100题词汇自测题
词汇学100题词汇自测题1. How ludicrous to think that Mary would ever consent to be his bride.A ) excessiveB ) fanaticalC ) logicalD ) ridiculous2. With the erosion of the Amazon River Basin, many species of plants and animals have vanished.A ) broke downB ) disappearedC ) proliferatedD ) retreated3. Hostilities broke out between Germany and Poland in 1939, which began the second World War.A ) ConflictsB ) CombatsC ) AntagonismD ) Disturbance4. The American National Bird, the Bald Eagle, is in danger of becoming extinct..A ) existingB ) over- populatedC ) futileD ) vanished5. US President Ronald Reagan has a convincing and heart warming smile.A ) a persuasiveB ) a factitiousC ) a bewilderingD ) an emphatic6. The Sahara desert is an immense place.A ) terrificB ) vastC ) tinyD ) dramatic7.The June7th D-Day attack was simultaneous with heavy bombing of the coastal fortifications.A ; syntheticB ) drasticC ) synchronousD ) touching8. Modern music is usually characterized by a remarkable dissonance.A ) melodyB ) clarityC ) discordD ) volume9. Success is .most deserved by amiable people.A) efficient B) prestigious C ) good-humored D ) essential10. The columnist's remarks were inappropriate and rude.A ) unsuitableB ) unnecessaryC ) inconsistentD ) inarticulate11. Mrs. Smith will demonstrate how this computer works.A ) guessB ) unnecessaryC ) describeD ) show12. Many new medicines today eradicate diseases before they became too widespread.A ) wipe- putB ) identifyC ) prolongD ) suspend13. The fourth year sociology class was a homogeneous group of university students.A ) uniformB ) drearyC ) unrelatedD ) distinguishable14. Humans can not begin to enumerate the grains of sand on a beach, nor the stars in the sky.A ) classifyB ) countC ) graspD ) cement15. Although many desert and seas are relatively unexplored, it is probable that they are of littleagricultural or industrial value.A ) commercialB ) agrarianC ) financial D)mineral16. One of the most striking phenomena of vision is the dark adaptation of the eye.A ) adjustmentB ) absorption C) exertion D) destination17. Laboratory research will complement the knowledge gained in a classroom.A ) validateB ) completeC ) illustrateD ) exemplify18. To accurately evaluate the quality of a diamond requires much skill and experience.A ) laudB ) determineC ) appraiseD ) detect19. Stars resemble innumerable dots of light in the night sky.A ) numeralB ) perennialC ) countlessD ) immense20. Because of his valor and strength, Alexander the Great was able to build the western world'sfirst great empire.A ) sovereigntyB ) renown C) bravery D) resolution21. Central Intelligence Agency reports are often confidential..A )confidentB ) secretC ) constructive D) forthright22. Juvenile offenders are not given the same punishment as adults.A ) matureB ) youngC ) illiteracy D) ignorant23. Handwriting experts ate often hired to verify the authenticity of a deceased person's will.A ) estimateB ) rebukeC ) examineD ) confirm24. Eskimo people seem immune to the cold. Artic weather.A) insusceptible to B) adaptable to C ) harassed by D ) defeated by25. Ronald Reagan is a fervent adherent to Supply-Side economics.A ) optimistB ) pessimist C. ) follower D ) pioneer26. The U.S. Government is made up of three portions: executive, legislative and judicial.A ) partsB ) ingredientsC ) principles D) proportions27. One sign of a good director is being able to delegate responsibilities.A ) acceptB ) hold upC ) performD ) entrust28. It is not easy to tactically decline a marriage proposal.A ) politicallyB ) courageously C) politely D ) pleasingly29. To prevent customers from becoming exasperated, most companies try to fill orders asquickly as possible.A ) distractedB ) irritatedC ) impatientD ) exhausted30. It is the prerogative of the President to choose his cabinet members.A ) responsibilityB ) obligationC ) customs D) privilege31. The United States has the most affluent society in the world.A ) steadyB ) impoverishedC ) wealthyD ) prudent32. A Cadillac is a very durable luxury car.A ) enduringB ) liberalC ) temporalD ) extinct33. Nearly half of the town's inhabitants are descendants of indigenous civilizations.A) native B) backward C) hard-working D) poor34. After listening to the testimony, the members of the jury delivered their verdict.A) sentence B) decision C ) cross-examination D) foreman35. The counterfeit bills were a good facsimile of the real ones.A ) factorialB ) reproduction C) identification D) similarity36. The supervisor dictated a memo to her secretary.A ) letterB ) note C) report D ) research paper37. Boy clubs do not deprive poor children of the opportunity to participate in' sports^A) deny B) retract C ) improvise D) dilute38. Kojak interrogated the suspect for two hours.A ) baitedB ) watchedC ) questionedD ) infiltrated39. June, played the role of an unsophisticated country girl who had come to the city for her firstjob.A ) overweightB ) poorly clothed C) illiterate D) native40. For once, everything in her life seemed to be in equilibrium.A ) turmoilB ) disarrayC ) balanceD ) danger41. We were gratified to learn of her interest in our case.A) thankful and pleased B) sorry and displeasedC) good-natured D) overwhelmed42. The president considered the vote on his tax, bill to be crucial.A ) extremely importantB ) unimportant C) hard-fought D) far-off43. His qualifications for the graduate assistant ship are indisputable.A) fraudulent B) invalid C) outstanding D) unquestionable44.The Civil Defense evacuated all inhabitants from the area where the storm was predicted tostrike.A ) aidedB ) warned C) notified D) removed45. Did you specify any particular time for us to call ?A ) compromise B)modify C) designate D ) stimulate46. The natural elements obliterated the writing, from the written form of the walls of themonument.A) outlined B) erased C ) covered D) produced47. The popular singer was a ludicrous in his dress as he was in his speech.A ) comicalB ) loudC ) somber D) common48. The theater critics thought the movie as horrendous, and the audience agreed with them.A ) delightfulB ) dreadfulC ) spectacularD )obscene49. By taking larger seams, it is a simple matter to alter the pattern to fit you.A) enlarge B ) change C) shorten D ) design50. The earth is usually represented by a sphere.A) cube B ) globe C ) block D) cylinder51. Stock-market analysts monitor a great variety of financial indicators.A ) come up withB ) look intoC ) keep track ofD ) take charge of52. For decades, Norman Rockwell epitomized the way mainstream America saw itself.A) envisioned B)recorded C)chronicled D)embodied53. Is the Canadian dollar equivalent to the U.S. dollar?A ) about the same in value as B)very different in value fromC) worth a bit more than D) worth a bit less than54. Would you please elaborate on your first point ?A ) indicateB ) begin the discussion onC ) write down D) give more information about55. Mrs. Davis said she did not know what might alleviate her pain.A ) cause'B ) stopC ) easeD ) prevent56. Priscilla's contract cannot be terminated for five years.A ) endedB ) changedC ) renewedD ) publicized57. If you send me a memorandum, I'11 surely remember to attend the meeting.A ) calling cardB ) short noteC ) cost analysisD ) itinerary58. The fundamental reason for his illness has never been discovered.A ) basicB ) severeC ) obvious,D ) physical59. I find his ideas extremely abhorrent.A) superficial B) dangerous C) distasteful D) illogical60. The teacher gave the students extra wrok because- she was aggravated by all the noise andtalking in the classroom.A ) degeneratedB ) exasperatedC ) consummated D) terminated61. Joe was very popular with those who could vote> "and he was assured that: he could winthe election.A ) confident B) adequate C ) cordial B)sensitive62. As an artist, Jim is certainly an. amateur, . for he -.tds had no training.A )a seniorB ) ^a alien ,C-)ia0layman D)a. steward63. Exchanges of language and culture Were a direct result of commerce. •A ) embargoB ) trade C> stagnation •£>•> schoojing64. The new building was to be octagonal ia : shape.A ) five sided B; > six sidedi C) seven sided D)eightr sided: •• >65. Please accompany tfafr kids to the zoo.A ) dismiss B) escort C ) compete -oP1) nungte :66. He ;was so lavish with his jnoney tha*:/jie is nowpoor.A )»numb B)flippant C ) profuse D ) candid67. The high mountain climate is cold and into __ A)rainy B)'storniy 'd)uninvitini?D)intenie :68. Recent border confrontations--'between the twoTgroups' lend credence to the rumors of an impendingWar. ':•-•'..- '.'.-•.•:" -TlA ) enterprisesB ) conferencesC ) consequences D) disputes69. President Truman's distinctive turns of phrase have led to his being frequently quoted by politicians and political writers alike. A ) felicitous B ) characteristic C ) remarkableD ) distinguished70. Mark volunteered to show the new students around the campus. A ) hesitated B ) offeredC ) refusedD ) untended71. A valiant soldier was maimed last night.A ) proudB ) braveC ) haughtyD ) slender72. An associate of mine dropped in yesterday.A ) profiteerB ) colleagueC > ruffianD ) suitor73. The F.B.I.claims legal jurisdiction throughout theentire United States.A) tariff B ) affiliationC ) authorizationD ) organization74. The US dollar is the counterpart of the British pround.A ) simulationB ) coutraryC ) equalD ) copy75. Children often become surrogate mothers to abandoned animals. A) substitute B) temporalC)affectionate D)step-76. The Middle East is and has been for thousands of years, a politically turbulent area. .A ) bombasticB ) agitatedC ) sporadic |D ) terrific77. Jouce is loved by all her friends beoittse she is very congenial.….-•, , ..*,,.,•-• .-.•.•;: tl A) pleasant B ) wealthy CJfcwuegeousD^ftudiness78. A business man should have a mind of wild .range. A) scope B) tract C ) di strict D>)a sp«£t,79. I don't know if the story is true, but,;J!'ll 'try to comfirm it. :, A ) conform B ) identify C ) fortify D ) verifjwi"80. Scientists say that brown genes are dominant and blue ones are recessive. A ) controllingB ) docileC ) dormant D)doleful81. After the alien spacecraft had hovered over .the park for a short while, it vanished. ; A ) landed B ) disappeared C ) arracked D) rose82. The principal congratulated the student on his?outstanding display of leadership. • r ? A ) alluded B ) scolded C ) praised D ) contacted83. Christopher Columbus was the ffcst person to navigate under the patronage of Queen Isabella o£ jSpain.A) explore *B ) sail C ) work D ) circumvent","."?j"*-- " •' -•' .'--" " •*•;."; --. " •' ' •""« H*^" %; ; ^ - T84. It is advisable to have an alternative plan.' A) a substitute B)a better' C ) an easierD) an equal85. Jane looked at an assortment of necklaces before chops-1 ing one with green beads. A > inexpensive B ) a few pieces of C ) multicolored D ) a variety of86. In his statements to the press, the administrator was consistently equivocal. A ) ambiguousB ) reasonableC ) friendlyD ) frank87. The charges brought against the government official finally hurt nothing but his vanity. A ) family B ) prospects C ) pride D ) image88. The two companies are goittg to inerge by the f irst of the year,•]•,.; .-. -.... • - • . •• .-• ;.' A ) become one B ) divide, into two C^iJissolve • D ) change owners89. Mr. Jackson is considered a man of moderate views. A ) modern B ) sternC ) .reasonableD ) predictable90. We thought Jane's performance was particularly good. A)especiaUy BG> unbelievable C) necessarily D) unexpectedly. <>• :»•••91. General Patton had^nothing bHi^oontempt for the eowar-- sdly; lighting maa. ••'•> ''••'.••-• - '• -•'-••» A)'encouragement B ) disdain ••.-..C ) discontent ,D ) high92. Robert was regarded as a profound thinker by his> . \j -; >. •=? —————————•'••'.A ) a deep ,B ) a lazy C,).aecarpful p J>.),ar^.93. The composer of this piece of music was, f anonymous.. A ) died young . : ; B ) was unknqw^.,,.. C) used a pen name ^ D^wrqite only folk songs94. The prisoners were liberated as soon as the new govern--_1V ment took over.. A) told B) freed95. The winfiplds are a qui,te rcgnyentfonal family,;A) cheerful B) ordinary t;,t ,C ) humiprous 6 . My brother notifiedA) visited ;,, . ,:- ^r;B) noijced; ,> ;oofC)assisted , r^, D^X informed *.-.-97. John D, Rockefeller left, a legacy of thousand^ of. publiclibraries ^scattered through every ^tate in th& Un-ion. . ',.-,(: .........A ) a bequestB ) an account …,,,C ) a property Dk ) an amount , ^ &8. Visiting in a, humid climate will- «aus? -a-, traveler's clothing to beccane saturated with sw,eat,ro A ) drenched B ) watered \ .-,, C ) stainedD ) heated > i The hospital is looking for people willing, to donate their organs,B ) offer100. Most teenagers think actions are mature.A ) grown-up s B) intelligent C ) serious D ) childlike词汇学100题词汇自测题答案1. D2. B3. C4. D5. A6. B7. C8. C9. C 10. A11. D 12A 13. A 14.B 15.B 16. A 17. B 18. C 19.C 20. C21.B 22. B 23. D 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.D 28. C 29. B 30. D31.C, 32. A 33A 34. B 35. B 36. B 37. A 38. C 39.D 40.C41.A 42. A 43. D 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. A 48.B 49. B 50. B51. C 52. D 53. A 54.D 55. C 56.A 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. B61.A 62.C 63. B 64. D 65. B 66. C 67. C 68. D 69. B 70. B71. B 72. B 73. C 74. C 75. A 76. B 77. A 78. A 79. D 80. A 81. B 82. C 83. B 84. A 85. D 86. A 87. C 88. A 89. C 90A91. B 92. A 93. B 94. B 95. B 96. D 97. A 98.A 99C 100. A。
大学词汇学试题及答案
大学词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "chronic" is most closely related to which of the following?A. AcuteB. TemporaryC. SeasonalD. Chronic2. In the context of a business meeting, "feasibility" refers to the:A. Ability to flyB. Ability to be doneC. Ability to swimD. Ability to run3. "Paradox" is a term that is associated with:A. A simple truthB. A complex lieC. A situation that contradicts itselfD. A straightforward problem4. The term "epidemic" is used to describe a:A. Single occurrenceB. Small groupC. Widespread occurrenceD. Limited occurrence5. "Symbiotic" relationships are characterized by:A. Mutual harmB. Mutual benefitC. One-sided benefitD. No interaction6. "Euphemism" is a term used to describe:A. A harsh truthB. A polite lieC. A direct statementD. A hidden meaning7. "Intrinsic" value refers to the value that is:A. Externally imposedB. Internally inherentC. Externally visibleD. Internally hidden8. The word "analogous" is used to describe something that is:A. Completely differentB. Partially similarC. Exactly the sameD. Totally unrelated9. "Dichotomy" refers to a division into:A. Three partsB. Two partsC. Four partsD. Five parts10. "Ephemeral" is a term that is used to describe somethingthat is:A. Long-lastingB. Short-livedC. EternalD. Timeless二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The opposite of "visible" is _______.12. A synonym for "unpredictable" is _______.13. The term "hierarchy" refers to a _______ of authority or rank.14. "Ambiguous" means having more than one _______.15. "Chronology" is the arrangement of events in the order of their _______.16. "Catastrophe" is a term used to describe a sudden event causing great _______.17. "Democracy" is a system of government by the whole_______.18. "Eloquence" is the quality of speaking or writing that is fluent and _______.19. "Frugality" is the quality of being economical with money or resources, often to an _______ extent.20. "Hypothesis" is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon, made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further _______.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）21. Define the term "metaphor" and provide an example.22. Explain the difference between "allegory" and "simile".23. What does the term "prose" refer to in literature?24. Describe the concept of "synecdoche" and give an example.四、论述题（每题10分，共20分）25. Discuss the importance of understanding etymology in the study of vocabulary.26. Analyze the role of idioms in communication and how they can sometimes lead to misunderstandings.答案：一、选择题1. D2. B3. C4. C5. B6. B7. B8. B9. B10. B二、填空题11. invisible12. unpredictable13. system14. meaning15. occurrence16. damage17. population18. persuasive19. excessive20. investigation三、简答题21. A metaphor is a figure of speech that describes an object or action in a way that isn't literally true, but helps explain an idea or make a comparison. For example, "Time is a thief" is a metaphor that personifies time as a thief, suggesting that it steals our moments.22. An allegory is a narrative that conveys a deeper meaning beneath the surface, often using characters and events to represent abstract concepts or moral lessons. A simile, on the other hand, is a direct comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as," such as "She is as brave as a lion."23. Prose is a form of language that has a natural flow of speech and normal grammatical structure rather than a rhythmic structure, unlike poetry. It is the ordinary form of language used in speech or writing.24. Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa。
词汇学语言考试题及答案
词汇学语言考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的系统、结构和变化规律的学科，它属于：A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 语义学答案：C2. 下列哪个选项不是词汇学研究的内容？A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的分类C. 词汇的演变D. 语音的发音答案：D3. 词汇学中，词根是指：A. 词的基本意义单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的语法单位答案：A4. 以下哪个词是由两个词根组成的？A. 苹果B. 汽车C. 电脑D. 葡萄答案：B5. 词汇学中的“同义词”指的是：A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 意义完全不同的词答案：B6. 在词汇学中，“反义词”是指：A. 意义相近的词B. 意义相反的词C. 意义相同的词D. 意义不相关的词答案：B7. “词汇化”是指：A. 词汇的创造过程B. 词汇的消失过程C. 词汇的演变过程D. 词汇的分类过程答案：A8. 词汇学中的“语义场”是指：A. 词的发音范围B. 词的书写范围C. 词的意义范围D. 词的使用范围答案：C9. 词汇学中，“多义词”是指：A. 只有一个意义的词B. 有两个或两个以上意义的词C. 没有意义或意义不明确的词D. 意义完全相反的词答案：B10. 词汇学中的“同音词”是指：A. 发音相同的词B. 意义相同的词C. 书写相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 词汇学中的“词缀”是指附着在词根上，用来构成新词的________。
答案：语素12. “派生”是指通过添加________来创造新词的过程。
答案：词缀13. “合成”是指通过合并________来创造新词的过程。
答案：词根14. “词汇变化”包括词义的________、________和________。
答案：扩大、缩小、转移15. “词汇的语义变化”是指词义的________、________和________。
英语词汇学试题及答案
英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "breakfast" is derived from:A. LatinB. Old EnglishC. GreekD. French答案：B2. Which of the following words is a compound word?A. TelephoneB. BicycleC. ComputerD. All of the above答案：D3. The word "kindergarten" is borrowed from:A. GermanB. ItalianC. SpanishD. French答案：A4. Which of the following is an example of a back-formation?A. EditB. TypewriteC. CatalogD. Interview答案：A5. The term "morpheme" refers to:A. A wordB. A syllableC. A meaningful unit of languageD. A sound答案：C6. The word "mouse" can be analyzed as:A. A single morphemeB. A compound wordC. A prefix and a rootD. A root and a suffix答案：A7. Which of the following words is a blend?A. MotelB. BrunchC. InfomercialD. All of the above答案：D8. The process of adding a suffix to a root to form a new word is called:A. DerivationB. InflectionC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A9. The word "unbelievable" is formed by:A. PrefixationB. SuffixationC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A10. The word "run" can have several meanings, which is an example of:A. HomonymyB. PolysemyC. SynonymyD. Antonymy答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of changing a word's form to express tense, mood, or number is called ________.答案：inflection2. A word that has the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings is called a ________.答案：homograph3. The smallest unit of meaning in a language is known as a ________.答案：morpheme4. A word that is formed by combining two or more words is called a ________.答案：compound5. A word that is formed by adding a prefix to a root is called a ________.答案：prefixed word6. The study of the history of words and the way they change over time is known as ________.答案：etymology7. A word that is formed by adding a suffix to a root is called a ________.答案：suffixed word8. The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing word is called ________.答案：clipping9. A word that is formed by combining parts of two or more words is called a ________.答案：blend10. The process of creating a new word by changing the form of an existing word is called ________.答案：conversion三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a prefix and a suffix.答案：A prefix is an affix that is added to the beginning of a root to form a new word with a different meaning, such as "un-" in "unbelievable". A suffix is an affix that is added to the end of a root to form a new word, often changing thepart of speech or adding a specific meaning, such as "-ness"in "happiness".2. What is the role of a morpheme in the structure of a word? 答案：A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, and it can be a word by itself or part of a word.It can be a root, which carries the core meaning, or an affix, which modifies the meaning or function of the root.3. Describe the process of word formation through blending.答案：Word formation through blending involves combiningparts of two or more words to create a new word. This process results in a word that is shorter and often more convenientto use, such as "brunch" from "breakfast" and "lunch".。
词汇学测试题[5篇模版]
![词汇学测试题[5篇模版]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/6bff576576232f60ddccda38376baf1ffc4fe39a.png)
词汇学测试题[5篇模版]第一篇：词汇学测试题词汇学测试题姓名学号班级答案写在此处，写在其他位置判为无效！1._____________ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate pounds2.An affix can be added to certain type of ____________ to forma new word.A.infixB.affixC.stemD.word3.______________ is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content.A.RootB.AllomorphC.MorphemeD.Word4.The English word “untouchable” is composed of _______________ morphemes.A.FourB.ThreeC.TwoD.Five5.The process by which words are formed by putting the initial letters of several words together is called ______________poundingB.ClippingC.AcronymD.Blending6.The basic unit in the study of morphology is ____________.A.The internal structureB.MorphemeC.The rules by which words are formed D.Word7.Which of the following is NOT a compound word?A.Pencil-boxB.UnreasonableC.DeadlineD.Upstairs8.Which of the following words is built by clipping?A.SmogB.FridgeC.MotelD.Edit9.In the word “internationalism”, which part is the root?A.interB.nationC.alD.ism10.The word “hamburger” is of _____________ origin.A.AmericanB.ItalianC.GermanD.French11.The word “smog” is formed through_________________.A.DerivationB.BlendingC.ClippingD.Backformati on12.When the suffix _____________ is added to a noun, it changes the noun into an adjective.A.lessB.nessC.fullyD.er13.The “s” in “drums” is __________.A.A free morphemeB.A stemC.A rootD.An inflectional affix14.The word “bodyguard” is _____________pound plex wordC.derivational word D.free morpheme15.Which of the following words is a derivational one?A.BlackboardB.SingsC.AstonishmentD.Boys16.WTO is a word formed by ___________.A.abbreviation/clippingB.acronymC.BlendingD.backformation17.All words contain a ______________.A.rootB.bound morphemeC.prefixD.suffix18.“Foolish” is a ___________ plex19.Morphology is concerned with ____________.A.The meaning of wordsB.The pronunciation of wordsC.The internal organization of wordsD.The combination of words into sentences20.A compound is composed of ____________________.A.aroot and an affixB.a stem and an affixC.a root and a free morphemeD.two free morphemes第二篇：词汇学The first documented appearance of the word “nerd” is as the name of a creature inbook(1950), in which the narrator Gerald McGrew claims that he would collect “a Nerkle, a Nerd, and atoo” for his imaginary zoo.(The nerd itself is a small humanoid creature looking comically angry, like a thin, cross ChesterA.Arthur)Themeaning of the term dates back to 1951, whenmagazine reported on its popular use as a synonym for “" or ”“ in ,.The third appearance of nerd in print is back in the United States in 1970 in Current Slang :”nurd, someone with objectionable habits or traits...An uninteresting person, a “dud”.By the early 1960s, usage of the term had spread throughout the United States, and even as far as Scotland.At some point, the word took on connotations of bookishness and social ineptitude。
词汇学模拟试卷（参考答案）
词汇学模拟试卷（参考答案）词汇学模拟试卷（参考答案）《英语词汇学》模拟试卷 (一)I. Choose the best answer and put the letter of your choice in the brackets. (30%) 1. English lexicology embraces morphology, semantics,______ stylistics and lexicography.A. etymologyB. pragmaticsC. syntax .D. phonology ( ) 2. The most important of all the features of the basic word stock is ______.A. stability .B. productivityC. polysemy .D. all national character ( ) 3. Old English vocabulary was essentially ______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. Celtic .B. HellenicC. Italic .D. Germanic . ( ) 4. In modern times, ______ is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A. borrowingB. backformationC. creationD. semantic change ( ) 5. The words “motel” and “comsat” are called ______.A. blendsB. compoundsC. acronymsD. initialisms . ( ) 6. The word “teachers” contains three morphemes, but the word “shortenings” has______ morphemes.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five ( ) 7. Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. conceptB. worldC. context .D. sense ( ) 8. Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example: ______.A. dorm for “dormitory”B. fond for “affectionate”C. dish for “food”D. TV for “television” ( )9. The word “mouth” in the phrase “the mouth of a river” is regarded as a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. etymologicallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. semantically ( ) 10. Words formed by acronymy can be divided into initialisms and acronyms depending on the ______ of the word.A. pronunciationB. spellingC. functionD. meaning ( ) 11. Frogs croak, but elephants ______.A. neighB. squeakC. bleat .D. trumpet ( ) 12. The antonyms “present” and “absent” are ______ terms.A. relativeB. contraryC. contradictoryD. graded ( )113. The idiom “scream and shout” is a good example of ______.A. reiteratonB. alliterationC. repetitionD. juxtaposition ( ) 14. Ambiguity arises due to all the following except ______.A. polysemyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. structure ( ) 15. The order of meanings in CCELD indicates the ______ changes of words.A. grammaticalB. morphologicalC. semanticD. phonological ( ) II. Complete the sentences with the proper words from the course book. (15%) 1. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given __________________and meaning and syntactic function.2. English has evolved from a ____________________ language (Old English) to the present analytic language.3. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ___________________ morphemes.4. A ________________ is known as the smallest functioning unit in the compositionof words.5. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, yet with the help of _______________it can refer to something specific.6. The second major language known in England was the_________________ of the Roman Legions.7. Conceptual meaning is also known as ____________________ meaning.8. The relationship between sound and meaning is _________________ andarbitrary. 9. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of __________________ inclusion. 10. The same word may have different ___________________ meanings as shown in “do, does, did, done, doing.”11. Synonyms may differ in the ___________________ and intensity of meaning. 12. The word “famous” is ___________________, but the word “notorious” isderogatory.13. Characterized by semantic unity and ______________________ stability, idioms do not allow changes as a rule.14. Linguistic context can be subdivided into____________________ context and grammatical context.15. So far as the language is concerned, LDCE and CCELD published in Britain are both _____________________ dictionaries.III(Decide whether the following statements are true or false andthen put in the brackets the letter “T” if the statement is true or “F” if it is false. (15%)1. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. ( )2. English words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency. ( )3. Danish, Icelandic, Flemish and Norwegian are generally known as Scandinavian languages. ( )24. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and pronouns are thought to be content words, which are also known as notional words. ( )5. The word“miniskirt” is a semantically motivated word. ( ) 6. There isa reversative prefix in the word “unwrap”. ( )7. The words “AIDS” and “UFO” are regarded as acronyms. ( )8. There is an inf lectional morpheme in the word “shorter”. ( )9. Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but identical in sound and spelling. ( ) 10. In the idiom “chop and change”, alliteration is used. ( )11. The word “disease” originally meant “discomfort”, but now it means “illness”, soit has undergone degradation of meaning. . ( ) 12. Contextmay prove very valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. ( ) 13. In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same part of speech, only resulting in synonymous idioms. ( ) 14. One of the unique features of CCELD is language notes. ( ) 15. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs is a specialized dictionary. ( ) IV. .Answer the following questions. (20%)1. What are the characteristics of Old English?2. What are the differences between a root and a stem?33. What is acronymy? What is the difference between initialisms and acronyms?4. What is the difference between conceptual meaning and associative meaning?5. How is context classified?4V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words in terms of free morphemes and bound morphemes, and then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes.idealistic antecedent lighthouses2. Comment on the following two sentences in terms of superordinates and subordinates.a. Trees surround the water near our summer place.b. Old elms surround the lake near our summer place.5《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(一)参考答案I. 选择题1. A2. D3. D4. C5. A6. C7. B8. C9. D 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. CII. 填空题1. sound2. synthetic3. inflectional4. morpheme5, context 6. Latin 7. denotative 8. conventional9. semantic 10. grammatical 11. range 12. appreciative 13.structural 14. lexical 15. monolingualIII. 是非题1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F 1o. T 11, F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. TIV. 问答题1. Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes calledAngles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about50,000 to 60,000 words. Itwas a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a syntheticlanguage.2. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed withouttotal loss of identity. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the maincomponent of meaning in a word. A stem may consist of a single root morphemeas in “cat” and “teach” or a root morpheme plus one or more affixationalmorphemes as in “foolish” and “unacceptable”. Therefore, a stem can be definedas a form to which affixes of any kind can be added, but a root is that part of aword form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have beenremoved.3. Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining theinitial letters ofnames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technicalterms, Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending onthe pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter,but acronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words. 4. Conceptual meaning (also known as denotativemeaning) is the meaninggiven in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Associative meaningis the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. Conceptualmeaning, being constant and relatively stable, forms the basis for communicationas the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the samelanguage, but associative meaning, being open-ended and indeterminate, is liableto the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, and so on.65. Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words,clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic contextwhich may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In abroad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is calledextra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place,and even thewhole cultural background.V. 论述题1. 1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes:idealistic (ideal + ist +ic), antecedent (ante + ced + ent), lighthouses (light + house+ s).2) Of the nine morphemes, “ideal”, “light” and “house” arefree morphemes,but all the rest –ist, -ic, ante-, -ced-, -ent and –s are bound morphemes Of the sixbound morphemes, -ist, -ic, ante- and –ent are derivational morphemes and –s isan inflectional morpheme, while –ced- is a bound root.3) Free morphemes which are independent of other morphemes have completemeanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences,but bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are boundto othersto form new words.2. 1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences ishyponymy.2) In th e first sentence, “trees”, “water” and “place” are all superordinateswhile “old elms”, “lake” and “cabin” in the second sentenceare all subordinatescompared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates arevivid, precise and concrete.《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(一)I. 选择题1. A2. D3. D4. C5. A6. C7. B8. C9. D 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. CII. 填空题1. sound2. synthetic3. inflectional4. morpheme5, context 6. Latin 7. denotative 8. conventional9. semantic 10. grammatical 11. range 12. appreciative 13. structural 14. lexical 15. monolingualIII. 是非题1. T2. T3. F4. F5. F6. T7. F8. T9. F 1o. T 11, F 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. TIV. 问答题2. Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes called7Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. Itwas a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a syntheticlanguage.2. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed withouttotal loss of identity. The root, whether free or bound, generally carries the maincomponent of meaning in a word. A stem may consist of a single root morphemeas in “cat” and “teach” or a root morpheme plus one or more affixationalmorphemes as in “foolish” and “unacceptable”. Therefore, a stem can be definedas a form to which affixes of any kind can be added, but a root is that part of aword form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have beenremoved.3. Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining theinitial letters ofnames of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technicalterms, Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending onthe pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter,but acronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words. 4. Conceptual meaning (also known as denotative meaning) is the meaninggiven in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning. Associative meaningis the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning. Conceptualmeaning, being constant and relatively stable, forms the basis for communicationas the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the samelanguage, but associative meaning, being open-ended and indeterminate, is liableto the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, and so on. 5. Context is used in different senses. In a narrow sense, it refers to the words,clauses, sentence, in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic contextwhich may cover a paragraph, a whole chapter and even the whole book. In abroad sense, it includes the physical situation as well. This is calledextra-linguistic context, which embraces the people, time, place,and even thewhole cultural background.V. 论述题1. 1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes:idealistic (ideal + ist +ic), antecedent (ante + ced + ent), lighthouses (light + house + s).2) Of the nine morphemes, “ideal”, “light” and “house” arefree morphemes,but all the rest –ist, -ic, ante-, -ced-, -ent and –s are bound morphemes Of the sixbound morphemes, -ist, -ic, ante- and –ent are derivational morphemes and –s isan inflectional morpheme, while –ced- is a bound root.3) Free morphemes which are independent of other morphemes have completemeanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences,but bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are boundto othersto form new words.2. 1) The relationship between some words used in the two given sentences ishyponymy.82) In the first sentence, “trees”, “water” and “place” are all superordinateswhile “old elms”, “lake” and “cabin” in the sec ond sentenceare all subordinatescompared with the corresponding expressions in the previous sentence.3) The second sentence is clearer than the first one because subordinates arevivid, precise and concrete.9。
词汇学复习题(完整版)
(最终完整版)I. Define the Following Terms.1. MorphemeMorpheme(语素):the minimal meaningful unit(the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words)2. allomorphAllomorph(语素变体): is a different variant form of a morpheme，differ in phonological and spelling form, but at the same in function and meaning. One of the variants that realize a morpheme3. bound morphemeBound Morpheme(粘着语素): A bound morpheme is one that cannot stand by itself.4. free morphemeFree morphemes: Those which may occur alone, that is, those which may constitute words by themselves, are free morphemes.5. AffixAffix is the collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme.6. inflectional affixInflectional affixes (屈折词缀)(inflectional morphemes): affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional7. derivational affixDerivational affixes(派生词缀) A) prefix: A prefix comes before words. B)suffixa prefix or suffix added to a root or stem to form another word, as un- in unread, -ness inlikeness8. rootA root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss ofidentity.9. stemA stem is the surplus part after the cutting of inflectional morpheme in a word withinflectional morphemes,can be further analyzed, it sometimes could be a root.10. ReferenceReference is the conventional or arbitrary relationship between language and the world.Part of the word meaning is the reference.11. Motivation(理据)：Motivation refers to the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.Most words are non-motivated.12. Conceptual meaning(概念意义):also known as denotative meaning(外延意义) Conceptual meaning is often described as dictionary meaning or literal meaning of a word. It is the core of the meaning of a word. 13. grammatical meaning（语法意义）:indicate the grammatical concept(become important only in actual context) Grammatical meaning refers to that part of meaning which indicates grammatical relationships or functions, such as tense meaning, singular meaning, etc14. associative meaningAssociative meaning(关联意义): According to the semantic analysis of Geoffrey Leech, the associative meaning of an expression has to do with individual mental understandings of the speaker.15. Hyponymy(上下义关系)Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. The meaning of a more specific word is included in that of another more general word. For example, a cat is hyponym of animal16. stylistic meaningLanguage use can be formal, neutral and casual in style. The stylistic features of words, which make words appropriate for appropriate situations, constitute stylistic meanings of words.17. affective meaningAffective meaning refers to that part of meaning which conveys emotions and attitudes ofa language user. Sometimes affective meanings are brought out only in context.18. collective meaningCollective meaning consists of the associations a word acquires on account of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its environment.19. SlangSlang is the "language of a highly colloquial type, considered as below the level of standard educated speech, and consisting either of new words or of current words used in some social sense."20. homophone同音异义词A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs inmeaning21. Which of the following is NOT a rhetorical feature of idioms? DA．Phonetic manipulation. B．Lexical manipulation.C．Figures of speech. D．Phrasal verbs.22.The sentence “I like Mary better than you.” is ambiguous due to ____C__.A．extra-linguistic context B．lexical contextC．grammatical context D．homonymy23.Which of the following is NOT one of the obvious characteristics of the basic wordstock? CA．．Creativity. B．Stability.C．Duality. D．All national character.24. Synonyms can be classified into two major groups, that is:（A ）A. absolute and relativeB. absolute and completeC. relative and nearplete and identical25. In the early period of Middle English, English, _D________ existed side by side.A. Celtic and DanishB. Danish and FrenchC. Latin and CelticD. French and Latin26. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single （ C ）morpheme.A. formalB. concreteC. freeD. Bound27. Which of the following is NOT an acronym?（ B ）A. TOEFLB.ODYSSEYC. BASICD. CCTV28. Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words? BA．The rapid development of modern science and technology.B．Geographical and political changes.C．The influence of other cultures and languages.D．Social and economic changes.29. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions. Which of the following is NOTan example of neologisms? BA．SARS. B．Can-opener.C．Futurology. D．Freak out.30. The written form of English is a(an)____C_______representation of the spoken form.A. selectiveB. adequateC. imperfectD. naturalMatch the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) meaning of prefixes; 2) type of word formations; 3)types of meaning changes and 4) types of idioms.A B（J）31．Ultr- A. backformation（A）32．burgle B. initialism（H）33．pop C. transfer of sensation（C）34．clear-sounding D. before（B）35．VOA E. brim (water’s edge —the top edge of a cup) （D）36．fore- F. mistress（F）37．degradation G. succeed（I）38．kick the bucket H. clipping（E）39．extension I. die（G）40．make it J. extreme41. What is lexical taxonomy词汇分类结构? Illustrate your points with examples.Lexical taxonomy is a classified structure formed by different level of types of lexicon. The relation between different types of lexicons is taxonomy. In the taxonomy relations, the lexicon contains a narrow type is taxonyms, while the lexicon contains a wide type on a superior level is superordinate. The lexicons in the same level are co-taxonyms, the relation between which is called co-taxonymy.Taxonomy denotes a relation of belonging: X is a kind/type/token of Y. In this case, X represents the taxonyms, Y represents superodinated.For examples: horse is a kind of animal;Carrot is a kind of vegetable;Chair is a kind of furniture;Hammer and saws are kind of tools;Usually, the types in taxonomy relations are wider than the breeds: animal>horse,vegetable>carrot, etc.42. What is amelioration of meaning? What is degradation of meaning? Illustrateyour points with examples.（1）Elevation or amelioration of meaning词义的升华: the process by which words rise from humble（粗陋的）beginnings to positions of importance.[eg：knight (old)servant (el)rank below baronet从男爵]（2）Elevation of Meaning ( or amelioration) (词义的升格)It refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.e.g. marshal: a servant who looks after mares/keeper of horseminister: servantnice: ignorant, foolish（3）Degradation of Meaning ( or degeneration) (词义的降格)It is a process whereby non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.it is much more common for word meanings to change in denotation from neutral to pejorative than it is for them to go the other way．e.g.sad: calm, serious -------- sorryfulcunning: knowing a skillful-------- gossip , crafty.wench: girl, young woman-------- a loose woman , prostituteboor : peasant -------- ill-mannered personfond: foolish43.What is transferred epithet转移修饰词? Illustrate it with examples.An epithet is an adjective (or phrase containing an adjective) or adverb which modifies (describes) a noun. For instance, in "dreamless sleep", dreamless is the epithet.In a transferred epithet (also known as hypallage; literally "echange") the adjective or adverb is transferred from the noun it logically belongs with, to another one which fits it grammatically but not logically. So in "dreamless night" , dreamless is a transferred epithet. The exact meaning of the sentence is "night when I (or whoever) slept without dreaming," since a night can't actually dream anyway.We use transferred epithets all the time. Another example could be "I had a terrible day." "Terrible" is a transferred epithet, because it wasn't the day that was terrible, only the things that happened to me on that day. A more poetic example would be "a long and weary road" - long can apply logically to the road, but not weary –so weary is a transferred epithet44.What is synaesthesia? Illustrate it with examples.Synaesthesia is a joining together of sensations that are normally experienced separately.Synesthesia can occur between nearly any two senses or perceptual modes, and at least one synesthete experienced synesthesia that linked all five senses. Given thelarge number of forms of synesthesia, researchers have adopted a convention of indicating the type of synesthesia by using the following notation x → y, where x is the "inducer" or trigger experience, and y is the "concurrent" or additional experience. For example, perceiving letters and numbers (collectively called graphemes) as colored would be indicated as grapheme → color synesthesia (e.g., A is likely to be red). In spatial-sequence, or number form synesthesia, numbers, months of the year, and/or days of the week elicit precise locations in space (for example, 1980 may be "farther away" than 1990), or may have a (three-dimensional) view of a year as a map (clockwise or counterclockwise)V. State the glocalization of English languageGlocalisation (or glocalization) is a compound word of globalization and localization. By definition, the term “glocal” refers to the individual, group, division, unit, organisation, and community which is willing and able to “think globally and act locally.”Glocalization A combination of the words “globalization” and “local,” w hich suggests the unique local and situated forms and effects of widespread and even global processes. For example: the words “chipmunk”, ”moose”come from India language; the word “brandy” and “landscape” come from Holland; the words “cargo”, “contraband” come from Spanish; the words “acme”, “acrobat” and “catastrophe” come from Greek.V.State the features of English idioms with examples.1.Idiomaticity(习用性): The idiom is widely used by English-American countries, and it has a wide social base and strong vitality.Such as: rain cats and dogs, cut off one’s nose to spite one’s face, play one’s cards close to one’s chest, etc.Some of them have platitudes, some have already lost the original cultural context. But they are still widely used owing to its certain meaning in people’s lives.2. Syntactic frozenness(定型性): The syntactic frozenness of the idiom is also called the Syntactic fixedness(固定性). Like Chinese idiom, The form of a idiom is fixed, it can’t be syntactically changed or replaced.Only a small part of the idioms can be replaced by other words, but these changes are fixed, too. For example: in the idiom “draw one’s teeth”, the word “teeth” can be changed by “fangs”.Most of them can’t be changed, or the meaning will be way different. For example: the idiom “stare one in the face” is different from the idiom “look one in the face”.3.Semantic utility(整体性)：The idiom has the characteristic that it has to be used as a whole semantic unit. Although the idioms have various forms such as sentence, phrase and single word, every part of them is tight related and inseparable. In another word, we cannot judge a idiom’s meaning word by word. Example：: be/feel under the weather(感觉不舒服)、beat generation（迷惘的一代）、on the carpet(受罚，受训)The semantic utility is an important feature to tell the idioms from free phrases.4.Semantic opacity(不透明性)：The other obvious feature of idioms is semantic opacity, which means the idiom can’t be understand literally. According to the degrees of opacity,the idioms can be classified into four types: ①transparent（透明）；eg. Long time no see.②semi-idiom(半成语)，eg. A fat salary. ③semi-transparent, eg. a watched pot never boils.心急水南开④opaque(不透明)，eg. kick the bucket, 死去、断气Like the feature of Semantic utility, Semantic opacity is also a symbol of the idiom.。
2024年4月广州自考英语词汇学试题
2024年4月广州自考英语词汇学试题一、以下哪个词汇与“lexicology”意义相近？A. lexicographyB. phoneticsC. semanticsD. pragmatics（答案）A二、在英语词汇学中，“morpheme”指的是什么？A. 词素B. 词根C. 词缀D. 词义（答案）A三、下列哪个术语用来描述词汇的变化和发展？A. etymologyB. semanticsC. lexicographyD. lexicostatistics（答案）A四、“Synonymy”是指什么关系？A. 同音关系B. 同义关系C. 反义关系D. 上下义关系（答案）B五、以下哪个词汇描述的是“语言使用者对词汇使用的偏好和选择”？A. lexical fieldB. lexical frequencyC. lexical choiceD. lexical variation（答案）C六、在英语词汇学中，“collocation”指的是什么？A. 词汇的搭配关系B. 词汇的语音特征C. 词汇的语法功能D. 词汇的文化内涵（答案）A七、“Polysemy”是指什么现象？A. 一词多义B. 一义多词C. 同音异义D. 同形异义（答案）A八、以下哪个术语用于描述词汇在特定语境中的具体意义？A. connotationB. denotationC. contextual meaningD. associative meaning（答案）C。
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exhibition, demonstration, spectacle 1. We saw a ______________ of how to revive a person who has been almost drowned. 2. I will take you to a most interesting___________ of nineteenth century dresses.
incredible, incredulous ; stationary, stationery respectively , respectfully 1. All the _________ we need for our work is supplied by the school. 2. You should remember that the building is a war memorial and speak more ___________. 3. The car was__________ when it was struck by the railway engine. 4. A pavilion and a swimming pool are to be built at the girls’ and boy’s schools___________. 5. The number of careless drivers we saw was__________. 6. The boy’s mother was __________ when we told her of the success.
buoyancy, elasticity, flexibility 1. I was amazed at the _________ of his little steel trout rod. 2. We may capsize but will not sink because the tanks under the seats provide plenty of ____________.
duplicate,
counterfeit,
impersonate
1. He intended to seal a uniform and ___________ the local policeman. 2. There is so much traffic that they will have to __________ the railway line.
illegible, ineligible ; plaintiff, plaintive ; principal, principle
1. What are the two _________exports of this country? 2. Even if you are making notes for your own use, your writing should not be _________. 3. The lost child continued to whimper in a ________ manner. 4. As the witness gave their evidence, the ________ felt confident that he would win the case. 5. He expressed the new scientific _________ in a mathematical formula which we did not understand. 6. His age made him _________ for the competition.
guilt, gilt; board, bored; stare, stair; waist, waste; root, route; serial, cereal 1. The jury had no doubt about the _____of the accused. 2. Others thought the programme was amusing but I was ______. 3. I was so amazed at the sight I could only stand and ______. 4. The invaders laid ______the entire countryside. 5. We were lost because our guide was unfamiliar with this ______. 6. I want to get home early because my favorite ______is on the programme.