微观经济学 双语课件 第8章 完全垄断市场 CH8 Monopoly

D=AR MR 0 5
dP Q MR P (1 ) dQ P
Q 10
8.2.2 Marginal Revenue and Elasticity
MR=P（1－1/Ed） Ed>1，MR>0——When quantity sold ↑, TR ↑
Ed<1，MR<0——When quantity sold ↑, TR ↓
Types
Discriminating among units of a good Perfect Price discrimination
8.3.1 Discriminating Among Groups of Buyers
Divide the buyers into different groups
Ed=1，MR=0——Maximum total revenue
8.2.3 Output and Price Decision
Short-Run Equilibrium
Condition: MR = MC Price Decision: Using the demand curve and finding the highest price at which it can sell the profit-maximizing output
Comparison of industrial water prices in some cities of China City Tianjin Beijing Harbin Price 6.20 5.60 3.80 3.30
Industrial
water
Shenzhen
Dalian
Nanjing
Unequal Distribution
Government Intervention
Impose a heavy tax on monopoly
The anti-monopoly law Control nature monopoly and its price
Exercise and Homework
8.1.3 Monopoly price-Setting Strategies
Single price
A monopoly that must sell each unit of its output for the
same price to all its customers
Price discrimination
Price Discrimination: Selling a good or service at a number of different prices
To be able to price discriminate, a firm must
Identify and separate different types of buyers
Sell a product that cannot be resold
The key idea behind price discrimination is to convert consumer surplus into economic profit
Discriminating among groups of buyers
3.20
3.00
Guangzhou 2.53 Shanghai 2.50
8.3.2 Discriminating Among Units of a Good
Charge the same prices to all customers but offers a
lower price per unit for a larger number of units
Based on age, gender, region, employment status,
or some other easily distinguished characteristic Each group has a different average willingness to pay for the good or service
Conditions:
Single seller
No close substitutes The firm is a “price maker”
High Barriers
8.1.2 How Monopoly Arises
Nature monopoly
Economies of scale
One larger firm can meet the entire market demand at a lower
D、MR=SMC=LMC=SAC=LAC
Thank You
A monopoly that is able to sell different units of a good or
service for different prices
8.2 Single-Price Monopoly
8.2.1 Price and Marginal Revenue
Because in a monopoly there is only one firm, the
are willing to pay for each unit P
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Drawbacks of Monopoly
Underproduction (P > MC) Inefficiency (producing the quantity at which the average total cost is not minimum)
Long-Run Equilibrium
Condition: MR = LMC = SMC In a monopoly, the firm can make a positive economic profit and continue to do so indefinitely
8.3 Price Discrimination
price than two or more firms could
Legal monopoly
The granting of a public franchise, government license, patent or copyright Technology barrier The concentration of ownership of a natural resource
4、完全垄断厂商的平均收益曲线为直线时，边际 收益曲线也是直线，则边际收益曲线的斜率是平 均收益曲线的（ ）
A、2倍 B、0.5倍 C、1倍 D、4倍
5、在短期内，完全垄断厂商（
A、无盈亏
C、亏损
）
B、利润最大
D、以上三种均有可能
6、完全垄断厂商长期均衡的条件是（ ）
A、MR=MC B、MR=SMC=LMC C、MR=SMC=LMC=SAC
firm’s demand curve is the market demand curve
P
A single-price monopoly’s marginal revenue curve is not its demand curve
As long as the output is positive, the marginal revenue is less than the price
A monopoly is a market with a single supplier of a good or
service that has no close substitutes and in which natural or
legal barriers to entry prevent competition
Chapter 8
Monopoly
Content
Monopoly and How It Arises
Single-Price Monopoly Price Discrimination Government Intervention
8.1 Monopoly and How It Arises
8.1.1 Monopoly
1、完全垄断厂商的产品需求弹性Ed=1时，（ ）
A、总收益最小 B、总收益最大
C、总收益递增
D、总收益递减
2、如果在需求曲线上有一点Ed=-2，P=20元，则 MR为（ ）
A、30元 B、10元 C、60元 D、-10元
3、垄断厂商利润最大时（
A、P=MR=MC C、P>MR=MC
）
B、P>MR=AC D、P>MC=AVC
bought
Exercise: Try to give some examples
Profiting by Price Discriminating P
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8.3.3 Perfect Price Discrimination
Price discrimination that extracts the entire consumer surplus by charging the highest price that consumers