《高考语法完全突破记忆大纲》第6讲：介词

第六讲：介词

一. 介词的语法意义

介词是表示名词（或名词性结构的词）和句中其他词之间关系的一类词，一般置于名词之前。

分类：

表示地点、表示时间、表示原因/ 目的、表示所属或伴随、表示方法/手段

二.介词详解

1. 表示时间的介词

(1) at 用于表示钟点、一天中的某个时间点（如正午、拂晓、日落、那时）、某段时间、(节假日)

期间或某些词组中。

如：at six o’clock; at noon; at daybreak; at night；at the weekend；at Christmas;

at Easter；at war；at risk；at the beginning of at the meeting; at the end of;

at the age of

(2). on用于表示星期、日期或具体的上午/下午/晚上等。

如：

on May 1；on Monday； on Christmas Eve；on a cold night；on July 7, 2010 ；

on weekends；on Sunday afternoon ；on the morning of October 10 ；

(3) in用在世纪、年份、季节、月份、上午/下午/晚上等词前。

如：

in 2011；in spring ；in January ；in the afternoon；in the daytime；

in a day(=during a day)；in summertime；in the twenty-first century

(4) in表示“在……之后”，后面接时间段，用于将来时态；after后接时间段时则用于一般过去时，

其后接时间点时可用于将来时。

如：

We are going to Beijing in two weeks.

We’ll meet after 7:00.

He went to America in 2003, and he came back after one year.

(5) by表示“在……之前、到……时为止”，表示时间上的界限，常与完成时连用。

如：Can you finish the work by tomorrow?

By the time this letter reaches you I will have left the country.

How many English words had you learned by the end of last term?

He ought to have arrived by now/this time.

注意：主句动词为be动词时一般不用完成时。

如：By this time next week we shall be in New York.

By the time we got home we were tired and hungry.

(6) from常与to或till连用，构成from…to/till…词组，意为“从……到……”，表示时间上的

起始与终了。

如：The sports meeting will be held from May 5 to May 8 at school.

What were you doing from nine to/till eleven yesterday morning?

(7) during意为“在……期间”，表示某一特定的时间段或某段时间中的一个时间点。

如：

时间段：

He remains hidden during the day.

He slept calmly during the early part of the night.

某段时间中的一个时间点：

His father was killed during the war.

I woke up many times during the night.

The phone rang during the meal.

I mentioned the subject during our discussions.

(8) until/till意为“直到”，表示动作延续到某一时间，如果其前的谓语动词是非延续性动词，则

用否定式；如果是延续性动词，则肯定式或否定式均可。

如：The shop's open till nine o'clock on Fridays.

She didn’t go to bed until she finished her homework.

I’ll wait until he comes back.

It was not until 1972 that the war finally came to an end.

(9) 介词for和since在表示时间时，一般用于完成时，for与时间段连用，since与过去的时间点

或一般过去时的句子连用。

如：We haven’t seen each other for years.

We have known each other for ten years.

His father has taught in this school since 1985.

I haven't played football since I left university.

(10) 英语中时间状语不用介词的情况：

①在this，that，these，those等组成的词组前不用介词。

如：We are in Grade Three this year.

Bob’s wife told him that he had forgotten his wallet that morning.

②由next或last构成的词组前不用介词。

如：We're hoping to open the factory some time next year.

I saw him on the street last Sunday.

③当today, tonight, yesterday, tomorrow或由它们构成的短语作状语时不用介词。

如：Can you be here at eight tomorrow morning?

Were you at home yesterday evening？

I think I’ll go to bed early tonight.

I couldn't go shopping yesterday so I'll have to go today.

④在含有one, every, each, some, all等词的短语前不用介词。

如：One day (=on a day in the past), a mysterious stranger called at the house.

I'd like to go and visit America one day.

I hope to go to the moon some day.

I've been studying all day. I'm beat!

注意：a表示“每一”不用介词，表示“一个”时常需要介词。如：

Women generally use up about 2000 calories a day (=every day/each day ).

This happened on a cold winter morning.

2. 表示地点、方位的介词

(1) at和in表示某一具体的地点，at多指小地点，而in则指较大的地点或在……内部/里面。

如：Do you know the boy standing at the door?

I spent an unpleasant hour at the dentist's.

We’ll arrive in Shanghai tomorrow morning.

My mother was in the kitchen.

There is a hole in the door.

(2) 介词in, on, to均可表示位置，其区别如下：