2019英语四级选词填空练习及参考译文(5)
2019年12月四级参考答案完整版
2019年12月四级参考答案完整版2019年12月四级参考答案完整版考证菌2019-12-14 23:03:46via星火英语四六级试卷采用多题多卷形式，大家核对答案时，找准具体选项内容，忽略套数。
写作（共三套，忽略套数，只核对内容）第一套Dear Tom,On hearing that you are planning to teach English in China and ask me to recommend a city, I'd like to recommend our capital city, Beijing, an international metropolis.The reasons why I recommend Beijing can be listed as follows. First of all, there are a lot ofEnglish-speaking foreigners in Beijing, which helps you adapt to life here very quickly. Furthermore, as the capital of several dynasties, Beijing has a profound cultural background, so you can better experience the extensive and profound traditional Chinese culture. Most importantly, parents in Beijing, an international metropolis with many multinational companies, attach great importance to their children's English learning and many people who work in multinational companies also need to learn English.I truly hope that you can come to Beijing to start your teaching life and I'm looking forward to your arrival. If you have any question about the city, please feel free to contact me for further information.Yours sincerely,Li Ming第二套Dear Tom,On hearing that you are planning to learn Chinese in China and ask me to recommend a place, I'd like to recommend our capital city, Beijing, an international metropolis.I recommend Beijing to you because of the following reasons. First of all, there are a lot ofEnglish-speaking foreigners in Beijing, which helps you adapt to life here very quickly. Furthermore, as the capital of several dynasties, Beijing has a profound cultural background, so you can better experience the extensive and profound traditional Chinese culture. Last but not least, with many people understand and master both Chinese and English, Beijing has a good bilingual atmosphere. It is good for you to improve your Chinese. You could communicate with local people in Chinese as much as possible because practice makes perfect.I truly hope that you can come to Beijing and learn Chinese here. I'm looking forward to your arrival. If you have any question about the city, please feel free to contact me for further information.Yours sincerely,-Dear Tom,I was so delighted to receive the letter from you. On hearing that you are planning to study in China, I decide to write you a letter to recommend a university. My recommendation is Xiamen University, which is one of the most outstanding universities in China.The reasons why I recommend this university can be listed asfollows. First of all, Xiamen University is located in a coastal city, Xiamen, which has beautiful and attractive seaside scenery. If you study here, you can have a walk and breathe the fresh air at the end of the day's study. How comfortable and enjoyable! More importantly, Xiamen University has a high reputation for its academic contributions to China and the world.I truly hope that you can come to Xiamen University to start your college life and I am looking forward to your arrival. If you are interested in my recommendation and want to know more detail about the university, please feel free to contact me.Yours sincerelyLI Ming听力（共两套，第三套仅顺序改变，忽略套数，只核对内容）第一套Section A: 1-71. D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. D) It was sent to the animal control department.3. B) It is going to be expanded4. C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia5. A) Pick up trash.6. A) They are especially intelligent.7. B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.Section B: 8-158. C) It will cover different areas of science.9. C) It will be more entertaining.10. A) People interested in science.11. B) Provide financial support.12. D) Dissatisfied13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect。
12月英语四级词汇练习题及答案解析(5)
1.Being ignorant of the law is not accepted as an ________ for breaking the law.A) excuseB) intentionC) optionD) approval2.Within two days, the army fired more than two hundred rockets and missiles at military ________ in the coastal city.A) goalsB) aimsC) targetsD) destinations3.It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital ________ of milk.A) storageB) sourceC) reserveD) resource4.“This light is too ________ for me to read by. Don’t we have a brighter bulb some where”; said the elderly man.A) mildB) dimC) minuteD) slight5.We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be ________ and goanother day.A) reliableB) probableC) feasibleD) flexible给大家留一点作业,建议准备参加六月份考试的同学练习一下,主要是对以往节目内容的复习.1)翻译：________(随着失业率的上升), workers who are 50 to 60 years old are usually the first to be laid off.2)翻译：________(被电视上的超级巨星所鼓舞) , the young athletes trained hard and played intensely.第一题：excuse：v. 原谅,申辩,做为...的托辞;n. 致歉,理由intention：n. 意图,目的,观念option：n.意见,见解;主张;评价approval： n. 赞成,承认第二题：goal：n. 目标,终点aim：n. 目的，目标，瞄准，针对;vi. 目的在于，企图，瞄准，对准;把…瞄准，把…对准target：n. 靶子，目标，(嘲笑、批评、轻蔑等的)对象，目标，拟达到的总数指标destination：n. 目的地，终点，目的，目标第三题：vital：a. 重要的,充满活力的,生死攸关的storage：n. 贮藏，存储，存储器source：n. 根源，来源，出处n. 根源，来源，出处reserve：n. 预备品,贮存,预备舍;v. 保留,预订,延期resource：n. 资源,策略,机智第四题：mild：a. 温柔的，文雅的，轻微的，不重的，(烟、酒)味淡的dim：a. 暗淡的,模糊的;v. 使...暗淡;minute：微小的;琐细的;详细的;精密的slight：a. 少许的，稍微的;vt. 轻视第五题：reliable：a. 可靠的,可信赖的probable：a. 很可能的，大概会的，有希望的，有可能是真实的feasible：a. 能实行的,可行的,适宜的flexible：a.可弯曲的,易弯曲的;柔韧的;有弹性的;柔顺的,温顺的;可变通的;灵活的;易适应的1.答案：A参考译文：不懂法不能作为违法的借口题目分析：本题是一个比较典型的非谓语动词的题目.其中句子的主语为Being ignorant of the law,是动名词作主语.这样的题目在翻译题目中是非常容易考到的.考点解析：本题考查意思比较类似的四个动词意思的辨析.excuse一词大家经常用到的是它的动词的意思,本题主要考查它的名词的意思.approval一词由动词approve转化而来,注意其词性是名词,而不是形容词.2.答案：C参考译文：两天内军队向该沿海城市的军事目标发射了两百多枚火箭和导弹题目分析：本题题干的结构比较简单,是一个简单句.考点解析：本题四个选项的词汇都表示目标的意思,据题考查的是对四个词汇所表达的意思的微小差别上.goal指人们心目中较为理想或遥远的目标,这类目标的完成需要投入大量时间和精力,但能否完成还不能确定.aim通常指做具体一件事的目的所在,或做该件事所想达到的结果.target的本意是靶子,引申为指标或攻击,言论的对象.destination是指人或物去往的目的地.根据题意可知该目标是火箭和导弹攻击的目标,选targets最为合适.3.答案：B参考译文：据说在世界上别的国家，山羊是重要的奶源而非奶牛.题目分析：本题题干的结构比较简单，但是有三个地方需要注意，首先，注意固定搭配it is said...表示据说...的意思., rather than cows,是我们之前讲过的一个结构,插入结构.在这个插入结构中需要注意rather than这个词组,它是否定词组,也就是not的意思.在四六级阅读这种泛读性质的考题中,对一些比较细的词汇的理解对解题的正确与否有很大的关系.如果不知道rather than这个词的否定意思,就会把题目的意思弄反。
2019年6月英语四级选词填空答案(试卷一)
2019年6月英语四级选词填空答案（试卷一）2019年6月英语四级选词填空答案（试卷一）考试采取"多题多卷"模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题实行核对。
【原文】Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, 26 to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a 27 of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic 28 , investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school, 29 in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30 on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time maybe taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S. 31 in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be 32 exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are 34 to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35 and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercis ing their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.A)attendance B)consequently C)current D)depressingE)dropping F)essential G)feasible H)flowI)mood J)mutually K)particularly L)performanceM)review N)survive O)tend【答案解析】26. (O) tend 本句缺少谓语动词，主语为children, 且为一般现在时，句子应用动词原形且要与to搭配，选O。
英语四级选词填空练习题及答案
英语四级选词填空练习题及答案英语四级选词填空练习题及答案：There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is,in part,a familiar disease.Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments,familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences,to shared environmental factors,or to both.For some years,the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families,namely dietary salt(i.e.,sodium chloride),has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory.These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals.Some individuals,however,and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure.No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments,some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death.These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion,a resistant strain(the "R" Strain)has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly.In contrast,by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt,a sensitive strain("S" strain)has also been developed.The availability of these tow strains permits investgations not heretofore possible.They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension.More important,there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance.Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.1.The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out ______.a.as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of saltb.to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substancec.because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressured.because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives2.The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their ______.a.need for sodium 22b.rate of matingc.reaction to saltd.type of blood3.We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to ______.a.control high blood pressureb.cure high blood pressure caused by saltc.tell the "S" rats from the "R" ratsd.determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like4.The most beneficial results of the research might be ______.a.development of diets free of saltb.an early cure for high blood pressurec.control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressured.the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims5.Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?a.When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.b.The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.c.The medical field is desperately in need of research.d.A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.答案：acddd英语四级选词填空练习题及答案：Directions: In this section, there is apassage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bankis identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.What is itabout Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel1__________ about itafterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food.Were 2__________ with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemicof obesity(肥胖). Perhapsthe3__________ to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continentsearching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasnt eaten but smoked. Thenthere was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouragingmore 4__________ ways of doing it.Theimmigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do meanseating what “real Americans” eat, but our nations food has come to be 5__________ byimports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the countrys most treasuredcooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps itshould come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nationsdefining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?ins at southernlunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even moralitywhether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat forpolitical 6__________But strongopinions have not brought 7__________ . Americans are ambivalent about what theyput in their mouths. We have become 8__________ of our foods, especially as welearn more about what they contain.The 9__________ infood is still prosperous in the American consciousness. Its no coincidence,then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in suchbondage(束缚). Its whatwe eat—and how we 10__________ it with friends, family, and strangers—that helpdefine America as a community today.A. answerB. resultC. shareD. guiltyE. constantF. definedG. vanishH. adaptedI. creativeJ. beliefK. suspiciousL. certaintyM. obsessedN. identifyO. ideals答案：1.E)essence2.H)doubles3.A)components4.K)devices5.O)technique6.F)inspiration7.L)manufacture8.I)solution9.C)standards10.B)advantage。
英语4级 选词填空练习真题答案解析
英语四级：选词填空练习真题答案解析 选词填空做题步骤及答题技巧首先，考生要了解选词填空文章的特点。
选词填空是一篇280字左右的文章，篇幅不长，但是一篇逻辑关系比较紧密的文章，文章挖出10个空，并给出15个备选答案，要求考生选出最佳选项。
其次，考生要熟练做题步骤及答题技巧。
1. 预览全文，确定主题。
考生在做题之前首先要预览全文，确定文章的主题，重点阅读首段首句，及各段的首句来确定文章的大致内容。
主要关注文章涉及的人物、事件、地方、原因及结果。
关注那些反复出现的词汇，可以帮助考生把握文章大致内容的重要线索。
2. 分析选项，确定词性。
确定文章主题后，考生分析15个词就成为做题的关键过渡，要标出单词的词性和词义，对于不熟悉的单词或不认识的单词可以只标出词性。
那么在选词填空中最常见的词性有：名词、动词、形容词及副词。
考生可以通过后缀来确定词性，在英语中前缀决定意思，后缀区别词性，所以考生可以把常见的后缀复习一下。
对于动词，考生要区别谓语动词及非谓语动词。
3. 开始答题，先易后难。
分析完词性后，考生要开始答题了，要根据文中空前后的单词或语句确定所填词的词性，把对应词性的选项逐一带到原文，选出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。
此时要注意分析句子的逻辑关系。
常见的逻辑关系词如下：(1)并列关系：and, or, as well as 等(2)对比或转折关系：but, however, on the contrary, rather than 等(3)比较关系：as ... as, like, similarly等(4)因果关系：because, for, since, as a result of, therefore, thus 等(5)举例关系：for example, for instance, such as, so on 等(6)递进关系：what’s more, moreover, in addition 等4.重读文章，确定答案。
2019年12月四级考试真题及参考答案完整版
2019年12月四级考试真题及参考答案完整版（第一套）Part Ⅰ WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to learn Chinese. Please recommend a university to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.【参考范文】Dear Lucy,I am delighted to hear that you are going to learn Chinese in a Chinese university. Since you have asked for my advice about choosing which university, I will try to give you some useful suggestions here.It is well known that Peking University is a great place to learn Chinese. There are several factors accounting for this choice and the following are the most typical ones. First and foremost, Peking University is one of the top universities in China and the birthplace of many great minds. Therefore, it can provide high-quality teaching resources, which is essential for a foreigner learner.In addition, Beijing is the capital of China and there are various historic buildings. They provide foreign students a good chance to know Chinese culture and history.I hope you will find these suggestions helpful and wish you all the best.Yours,Li MingPart Ⅱ Listening ComprehensionSection AQuestions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A）Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B）A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C）Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D）A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. A）It was shot to death by a police officer.B）It found its way back to the par k’s zoo.C）It became a great attraction for tourists.D）It was sent to the animal control department.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A）It is the largest of its kind.B）It is going to be expanded.C）It is displaying more fossil specimens.D）It is staring an online exhibition.4. A）A collection of bird fossils from Australia.B）Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C）Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.D）Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A）Pick up trash.B）Amuse visitors.C）Deliver messages.D）Play with children.6. A）They are especially intelligent.B）They are children’s favorite.C They are quite easy to tame.D）They are clean and pretty.7. A）Children may be harmed by the rooks.B）Children may be tempted to drop litter.C）Children may contract bird diseases.D）Children may overfeed the rooks.Section BQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A）It will be produced at Harvard University.B）It will be hosted by famous professors.C）It will cover different areas of science.D）It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A）It will be more futuristic.B）It will be more systematic.C）It will be more entertaining.D）It will be easier to understand.10. A）People interested in science.B）Youngsters eager to explore.C）Children in their early teens.D）Students majoring in science.11. A）Offer professional advice.B）Provide financial support.C）Help promote it on the Internet.D）Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A）Unsure.B）Helpless.C）Concerned.D）Dissatisfied.13. A）He is too concerned with being perfect.B）He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C）He is too ambitious in achieving goals.D）He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A）Embarrassed.B）Unconcerned.C）Miserable.D）Resentful.15. A）Try to be optimistic whatever happens.B）Compare his present with his past only.C）Always learn from others’ achievements.D）Treat others the way he would be treated.Section CQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A）They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B）They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C）They are more likely to become engineers.D）They have greater potential to be leaders.17.A）Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B）Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.c）Insist that boys and girls work together more.D）Respond more positively to boys’ comments.18. A）Offer personalized teaching materials.B）Provide a variety of optional courses.C）Place great emphasis on test scores.D）Pay extra attention to top students.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A）It often rains cats and dogs.B）It seldom rains in summer time.C）It does not rain as much as people think.D）It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20. A）They drive most of the time.B）The rain is usually very light.C）They have got used to the rain.D）The rain comes mostly at night.21. A）It has a lot of places for entertainment.B）It has never seen thunder and lighting.C）It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D）It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A）It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B）It results from exerting one’s muscles continuously.C）It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity. D）It comes from staining one’s muscles in an unusual way.23. A）Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area. B）Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C）They begin to make repairs immediately.D）They gradually become fragmented.24. A）About one week.B）About two days.C）About ten days.D）About four weeks.25. A）Apply muscle creams.B）Drink plenty of water.C）Have a hot shower.D）Take pain-killers.Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection AQuestions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Finally, some good news about airplane travel. If you are on a plane with a sick passenger, you are unlikely to get sick. That is the 26 of a new study that looked at how respiratory （呼吸道）viruses 27 on airplanes. Researchers found that only people who were seated in individual - had a high risk of catching the illness. All other passengers had only a very 28 chance of getting sick according to the findings. Media reports have not necessarily presented.29 information about the risk of getting infected on an airplane in the past. Therefore , these new findings should help airplane passengers to feel less 30 to catching respiratory infections while traveling by air.Prior to the new study. litter was known about the risks of getting 31 infected by common respiratory viruses, such as the flu or common cold, on an airplane, the researchers said. So, to 32 the risks of infection, the study team flew on 10 different 33 in the US. 34 side of a person infected with flu, as well as those sitting one roe in font of or behind this individual, had about an 80 person chance of getting sick. But other passengers were 35 safe from infection. They had a less than 3 percent chance of catching the flu.A）accurate B）conclusion C）directlyD）either E）evaluate F）explorationsG）flights H）largely I）nearbyJ）respond K）slim L）spreadM）summit N）vividly O）vulnerable【参考答案】26-30 BLKAO31-35 CEGDHSection BA South Korean city designed for the future takes on a life of its ownA）Getting around a city is one thing —and then there’s the matter of getting from one city to another. One vision of the perfect city of the future: a place that offers easy access to air travel.In 2011, a University of North Carolina business professor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis: The Way We’ll Live Next. Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around or near airports. The idea, as he has put it, is to offer businesses “rapid, long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”B）“The 18th century really was a waterborne （水运的）century, the 19th century a rail century. the 20th century a highway, car, truck century一and the 21st century will increasingly be an aviation century, as the globe becomes increasingly connected by air,” Kasarda says. Songdo, a city built from scratch in South Korea, is one of Kasarda’s prime examples. It has existed for just a few years.“ From the get-go, it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,”says Kasada. “The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the Songdo International Business District. And the surface infrastructure was built in tandem with the new airport.”C）Songdo is a ston e’s throw from South Korea’s Incheon Airport, its main international hub （枢纽）. But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of the future. Just building a place as an “international business district” doesn’t mean it will become one. Park Yeo n Soo conceived （构想）this city of the future back in 1986. He considers Songdo his baby. “I am a visionary,” he says. Thirty years after he imagined the city, Park’s baby is close to 70 percent built, with 36.000 people living in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo. It’s about an hour outside Seoul, built on reclaimed tidal flats along the Yellow Sea, There’s a Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower, as well as a park, golf course and university.D）Chances are you’ve actually seen this place. Songdo appears in the most famous music video ever to come ou of South Korea. “Gangnam Style” refers to the fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul. But some of the video was filmed in Songdo.“I don’t know if you remember, there was a scene in a subwaystation. That was not Gangnam. That was actually Songdo,” says Jung Won Son, a professor of urban development at London’s Bartlett School of Planning, “Part of the reason to shoot there is that it’s new and nice.”E）The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies, with employees from all over the world. But hat’s not how it has turned out. Songdo’s reputation is as a futuristic ghost town. But the reality is more complicated. A bridge with big, light-blue loops leads into the business district. In the center of the main road, there’s a long line of flags of the world. On the corner, there’s a Starbucks and a 7-Eleven--all of the international brands that you see all over the world nowadays.F）The city is not empty. There are mothers pushing strollers, old women with walkers -- even in the middle of the day. when it’s 90 degrees out. Byun Young-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling property here when the first phase of the city opened in 2005. He says demand has boomed in the past couple of years. Most of his clients are Korean. In fact, the developer says, 99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans. Young families move here because the schools are great. And that’s the problem: Songdo has become a popular Korean city 一more popular as a residential area than a business one. It’s not yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined. “It’s a great place to live. And it’s becoming a great place to work,” says Scott Summers, the vice presiden t of Gale International, the developer of the city. The floor-to-ceiling windows of his company’s officesoverlook Songdo Central Park, with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats. Shimmering （闪烁的）glass towers line the canal’s edge.G）“What’s happened i s, because we focused on creating that quality of life first, which enabled the residents to live here, what has probably missed the mark is for companies to locate here,” he says. “There needs to be strong economic incentives.” The city is still unfinishe d, and it feels a bit like a theme park. It doesn’t feel all that futuristic. There’s a high-tech underground trash disposal system. Buildings are environmentally friendly. Everybody’s television set is connected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.H）But Star Trek this is not. And to some of the residents, Songdo feels hollow. “I’m, like, in prison for weekdays. That’s what we call it in the workplace,” says a woman in her 20s. She doesn’t want to use her name for fear of be ing fired from her job. She goes back to Seoul every weekend. “I say I’mprison-breaking on Friday nights.” But she has to make the prison break in her own car. There’s no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul, just over 20 miles away.I）The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated. too. Park says he built South Korea a luxury vehicle, “like Mercedes or BMW. It’s a good car now. But we’re waiting for a good driver to accelerate.” But there are lots of other good cars out there, too. The world is dotted with futuristic, high-tech cities trying to attract the biggest international companiesJ）Songdo’s backers contend that it’s still early, and business space is filling up—about 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied. Brent Ryan, who teaches urban design at MIT, says Songdo proves a universal principle. “There have been a lot of utopian （乌托邦的）cities in history. And the reason we don’t know about a lot of them is that a lot of them have vanished entirely.” In other words, when it comes to cities—or anything else—it is hard to predict the future.36. Songdo’s popularity lies more in its quality of life than its business attraction.37. The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallen short of his expectations.38. A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.39. Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shop there.40. Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation, according to a professor.41. Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.42. Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in the workplace.43. A business professor says that a future city should have easy access to international transportation.44. Acording to an urban design professor, it is difficult for city designers to foresee what happen in the future.45. Park Yeon So. Who envisioned Songdo, feels a parental connection with the city.【参考答案】36-40 FIDGB41-45 EHAJCSection CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that will levy （征税）1.5cents per liquid ounce on distributors.Philadelphia’s new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council v ote. It sets a new bar for similar initiatives across the county. It is proof that taxes on sugary drinks can win substantial support outside super-liberal areas. Until now, the only city to successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley, California, in 2014.The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas, as well as other drinks with added sugar, such as Gatorade and iced teas. It’s expected to raise $410 million over the next five years, most of which will go toward funding a universalpre-kindergarten program for the city.While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room, opponents to the measure, including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and a promise to challenge the tax in court.“The tax passed today unfairly singl es out beverages—including low- andno-calorie choices,” said Lauren Kane, spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association. “But most importantly, it is against the law. So we will side with the majority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action to stop it.”An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least $4 million on advertisements. The ads criticized the measure. characterizing it as a“grocery tax.”Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certain lasting health issues that plague Americans. “The move to recapture a small part of the profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes, obesity and heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities will sure be inspirational to many other places,” said Jim Krieger, executive director of Healthy Food America. “Indeed, we are already hearing from some of them. It’s not just Berkeley’ anymore.”Similar measures in California’s Albany, Oakla nd, San Francisco and Colorado’s Boulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted that even more might be coming.46. What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax in Philadelphia?A）It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.B）It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.C）It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.D）It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.47. What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal? A）Bargain with the city council.B）Refuse to pay additional tax.C）Take legal action against it.D）Try to win public support.48. What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda tax proposal?A）It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.B）It tried to win grocers’ support against the measure.C）It kept sending letters of protest to the media.D）It criticized the measure through advertising.49. What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?A）Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.B）Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.C）Add to the fund for their research on diseases.D）Benefit low-income people across the country.50. What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in some other cities?A）They are becoming rather sensitive issues.B）They are spreading panic in the soda industry.C）They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.D）They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, but Europe’s stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7 million cars, a new study has found. And the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” items, owners are throwing away microwaves after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwaves which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2—the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change—at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is ele ctricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors. The authors also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from using a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour. For example, consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.However, David Reay, professor of carbon management, argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of energy, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone, there are around 30 million cars. These cars emit more than all the microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2 in 2015. This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimatesfor annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the EU. Further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other from of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.51. What is the finding of the new study?A）Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.B）The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.C）CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.D）The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?A）They are becoming more affordable.B）They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.C）They are getting much easier to operate.D）They take less time to cook than other appliances.53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?A）Cooking food of different varieties.B）Improving microwave users’ habits.C）Eating less to cut energy consumption.D）Using microwave ovens less frequently.54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?A）There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.B）People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.C）The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.D）More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?A）It will become less popular in the coming decades.B）It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.C）It plays a positive role in environmental protection.D）It consumes more power than conventional cooking.Part Ⅳ Translation中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。
2019年12月份四级翻译真题及解释
2019年12月英语四级翻译真题及参考答案卷一：中国的家庭观念与其文化传统有关。
和睦的大家庭曾非常令人羡慕。
过去四代同堂并不少见。
由于这个传统，许多年轻人婚后继续与父母同住。
今天，这个传统正在改变。
随着住房条件的改善，越来越多年轻夫妇选择与父母分开住。
但他们之间的联系仍然很密切。
许多老年人仍然帮着照看孙辈。
年轻夫妇也抽时间探望父母，特别是在春节和中秋节等重要节日。
[参考范文]China‘s family concept is related to its cultural tradition。
The harmonious family used to be particularly enviable。
It’s not rare for four generations to live together in the past。
Due to this tradition， a great number of young people continued to live with their parents after marriage。
Nowadays，this tradition is changing。
With housing conditions improving， a growing number of young couples choose to live separately from their parents。
Nevertheless，the relationship between them is still quite intimate。
Many elderly people still help look after their grandchildren。
Young couples also take time to visit their parents，especially on important festivals，such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival。
2019英语四级12月选词填空
2019年12月英语四级选词填空一、文章大意本文主要讨论了如何通过改变饮食习惯来改善身体健康。
文章指出，饮食是保持健康的关键因素之一，而不良的饮食习惯可能导致各种健康问题。
因此，我们应该关注自己的饮食习惯，并尝试通过改善饮食习惯来改善身体健康。
二、选词填空1.___(extreme) cases, poor diet may result in serious health problems.2. A ___(recent) study has found that a balanced diet can improve overall health.3.In order to maintain good health, it is important to eat a ___(variety) of foods.4.Eating a ___(balanced) diet is essential for good health.5.Many people believe that a ___(prosper) nation is one that is well-fed.6.___(previous) research has shown that a lack of exercise can lead to weightgain.7.It is recommended that we eat ___(little) processed food and more fruits andvegetables.8.The government is taking measures to ___(promote) healthy eating among thepopulation.9. A ___(well-trained) doctor will be able to diagnose the problem quickly.10.The ___(majority) of people believe that good health is the key to happiness.。
2019年6月英语四级阅读答案：选词填空
2019年6月英语四级阅读答案：选词填空26 G preserving marine habitats27 M A300 was stripped of everything28 A Not only will the sunken plane create the perfect skeleton29 L the plane stretches a total length of 54 meters30 C scuba drivers will eventually be able to31 N around the plane’s territory32 J see a return on that investment33 O has been the victim of several deadly terrorist attacks34 I this airbus A300 is the largest intentionally sunk aircraft ever35 E taking a trip underwater and exploring the inside of a sunken A300卷二：26 H it has migrated from Detroit to silicon valley27 A in a bid to take production back to detroit28 G lawmakers have introduced legislation that could29 D Michigan’s dominance in auto research30 I countries which desire to replace our leadership31 N the lead sponsor of four bills32 J they would represent a substantial update33 E set up on-demand fleets of self-driving cars34 B in contrast35 K far mor restrictive rules that卷三：26. C As one of the most brutal predators27. I may not fit the image of a cultured creature28. K a vast range of highly refined behaviors29. J which literally means "to cultivate"30. A it refers to anything that is acquired or learnt31. B have developed certain genetic adaptations that...32. 0 thereby allowing them to thrive in their cold climate33. G a range of different habitats across the globe34. F with an empire that extends from pole to pole35. M leading scientists to speculate that...温馨提示：考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。
大学英语四Unit1-6选词填空翻译
1：Have you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have found that they are remarkably similar to the rest of us. You may have even heard them object to people saying there is anything different about them. “I’m really just a normal guy,” protests an actor who has recently rocketed into the spotlight. There is, of course, usually a brief period when they actually start to believe they are as great as their worshipping fans suggest. They start to wear fancy clothes and talk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. This period, however, does not often last long. They fall back to reality as fast as they had originally risen above it all. What will it feel like to soar to such altitude and look down like an eagle from up high on everyone else? And what will it feel like to have flown so high only to wake from your dream and realize you; are only human? Some only see the cruelty in losing something they had gained. They often make desperate attempts to regain what they lost. Often these efforts result in even greater pain. Some become bankrupt financially and emotionally. The only real winners are those who are happy to be back on the ground with the rest of us.你知道有著名的吗?如果是这样,您可能会发现它们非常相似,其余的人。
2019年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2019年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE 4. CLOZE 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITINGPART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.听力原文：SLANG We often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. However, they are usually out of place in formal writing / because of a number of drawbacks. / They go out of date quickly / and become tiresome if used too much. / And they may communicate clearly to some readers but not to others. / In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.1．Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more. Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided. Now, listen to the passage. SLANG We often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful.______ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ _____正确答案：SLANG We often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. However, they are usually out of place in formal writing / because of a number of drawbacks. / They go out of date quickly / and become tiresome if used too much. / And they may communicate clearly to some readers but not to others. / In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.解析：由标题和首句可知，短文围绕语言中的“俚语”这一主题展开。
2019年6月英语四级阅读选词填空真题及答案【含解析】
2019年6月英语四级阅读选词填空真题及答案【含解析】Ships are often sunk in order to create underwaterreefs(暗礁)perfect for scuba diving(水肺式潜泳)and preserving marine ___26___.Turkish authorities have just sunk somethinga little different than a ship, and it wouldn't normally ever touch water, an Airbus A300. The hollowed-out A300 was___27___ of everything potentially harmful to the environment and sunk off the Aegean coast today. Not only will the sunken plane ___28___the perfect skeleton for artificial reef growth, but authorities hope this new underwater attraction willbring tourists to the area.The plane ___29___ a total length of 54 meters, where experienced scuba divers will ___30___ be able to venture through the cabin and around the plane's ___ 31___. Aydin Municipality bought the plane from a private company for just under USS100,000 but they hope to see a return on that___32___ through the tourism industry. Tourism throughout Turkey is expected to fall this year as the country has been the ___33___ of several deadly terrorist attacks. As far as sunken planes go, this Airbus A300 is the largest___34___. sunk aircraft ever.Taking a trip underwater and ___35___ the inside of a sunken A300 would be quite an adventure, and that is exactly what Turkish authorities are hoping this attraction will make peoplethink. Drawing in adventure seekers and experienceddivers, this new artificial Airbus reef will be a scubadiver's paradise(天堂).A) create I) intentionallyB) depressed J) investmentC) eventually K) revealingD) experiences L) stretchesE) exploring M) strippedF) exterior N) territoryG) habitats O) victimH) innovate答案：GMALC FJOIE解析：Ships are often sunk in order to create underwaterreefs(暗礁)perfect for scuba diving(水肺式潜泳)and preserving marine __26G___.26题，先判断词性，需要填名词，habitats，栖息地。
2019年6月12月全国大学英语四级翻译真题及答案完整版
剪纸是中国民间艺术的一种独特形式，已有2000年的历史。
剪纸很可能源于汉代，继纸张发明之后。
从此，它在中国的许多地方得到了普及。
剪纸用的材料和工具很简单：纸和剪刀。
剪纸作品通常是用红纸做成的，因为红色在中国传统文化中与幸福相联。
因此，在婚礼、春节等喜庆场合，红颜色的剪纸是门窗装饰的首选。
probably originated in the Han Dynasty, following the invention of paper. From now on, it has gained popularity in many parts of China. Materials and tools used for paper-cut are simple: paper and scissors. Paper-cut works are usually made of red paper, because Red is associated with happiness in traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, Red paper-cut is the preferred decoration for doors and windows on wedding, The Spring Festival and other festive occasions.灯笼起源于东汉，最初主要用于照明。
在唐代，人们用红灯笼来庆祝安定的生活。
从那时起，灯笼在中国的许多地方流行起来。
灯笼通常用色彩鲜艳的薄纸制作，形状和尺寸各异。
在中国传统文化中，红灯笼象征生活的美满和生意兴隆，通常在春节、元宵节和国庆节等节日期间悬挂。
如今，世界上许多其他地方也能看到红灯笼。
Lanterns, originating from the East Han Dynasty, were first mainly used for lighting. In the Tang Dynasty, the red lanterns were used to celebrate the peaceful life. Since then, they have become popular in many parts of China. Lanterns are usually made of thin papers of bright colors, in different shapes and sizes. Hung during the festivals such as the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival and the National Festival, the red lanterns are the symbol of pleasant life and booming business in Chinese traditional culture. Nowadays, lanterns can be seen in many other places in the world.舞狮作为中国传统民间表演已有2000多年历史。
2019年6月大学英语四级真题练习--翻译
2019年6月大学英语四级真题练习——翻译2018.12 真题一：手机阅读由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长。
这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。
他们现在经常智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。
大量移动应用程序(apps)的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品。
因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。
但调查显示，尽管手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。
参考译文：①Due to the rapid development of communication network,China’s smartphone users are growing at an amazing speed in recent years. ②This has greatly changed the way many people read. ③They often read news and articles on their smart phones instead of buying traditional newspapers or magazines. ④The development of numerous mobile Apps has enabled people to read novels and other forms of literary works on their phones. ⑤ As a result,sales of printing books have been affected negatively. ⑥ Despite steady growth in the smartphone reading market,however,more than half of the adults still prefer printing books, according to the survey. 2018.12 真题二：手机支付过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展，随着移动互联网得出现，手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。
2019年6月英语四级选词填空答案(卷二文都版)
2019年6月英语四级选词填空答案(卷二文都版)2017年6月英语四级选词填空答案(卷二文都版)考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题实行核对。
参考答案：26. I relatively ;27. M surprising;28. N suggest;29. C direct;30. Test ;31. Remains;32. Including;33. Staple;34. Arrived ;35. raw【答案解析】做选词填空最有效的方式是先把选项按照词性分类，有的单词有很多种词性，所以有的单词会出现在很多个词性的分类里边，这篇文章的选词填空分类如下：动词：A arrived到达, B consuming消耗, F inform通知, H reached到达, J remains保持，依然, N suggest建议，显示, Otest测试名词： K resources资源，O test小测试， J remain残留物形容词： C direct直接的, B consuming耗费的, Msurprising惊讶地，L staple主要的，G raw未加工的副词： D exclusively的, I relatively相对的，比较的介词：E including包括26. 此空格前后是a…recent addition，修饰形容词必定选副词，根据意思这里应该选择relatively。
27. 此空格修饰ingredient，所以选一个形容词。
根据边说是从五千年的酿酒设备残留物中发现的，选择surprising最准确。
28 此空后边接了个宾语从句，空格前边主语又是复数，所以这里需要一个动词原形，suggest最符合意思是，不同形状的容器显示他们过去常常用来酿酒，过滤以及储存这些酒。
29. 修饰evidence这个名词，所以这里需要一个形容词。
形容evidence能够是direct或者staple，下文当中的一个空已经选了staple，所以这里选择direct，翻译为，最直接的证据。
四级 选词填空和翻译
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.(1)When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones – the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be ___1__ wasteful to tear them all down and __2__ them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the __3__ carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest __4__, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and __5__ our homes, offices and other buildings. “You can’t deal with climate change without d ealing with existing buildings,”says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some __6__, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that __7__ over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a __8__ number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from __9__ ones like Lincoln’s Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help __10__ property owners from rising power costs.A) vast B) supplying C) shifted D) sense E) replaceF) reduced G) protect H) powering I) incredibly J) historicK) expand L) exceptions M) doubtful N) clumsy O) accommodations Keys:1) I --- incredibly 2) E --- replace 3) F --- reduced 4) D --- sense 5) H --- powering 6) L --- exceptions 7) K --- expand 8) A --- vast 9) J --- historic 10) G --- protectIn families with two working parents, father s may have more impact on a child’s language development than mothers, a new study suggests.Researchers ___1___ 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home.When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with both parents, ___2___ all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.The scientists measured the ___3___ number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other ___4___ of their speech. On average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or proportion of questions asked.Finally, the researchers ___5___ the children’s speech at age 3, using a standardized language test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother’s level of education, the ___6___ of child care and the number of different words the father used.The researchers are ___7___ why the father’s speech, and not the mother’s, had an effect.“It’s well ___8___ that the mother’s language does have an impact,”said Nadya Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study had ___9___ had a strong influence on their children’s speech development, Ms. Pancso far said, “or it may be that mothers are ___10___ in a way we didn’t measure in the study.”A) already B) analyzed C) aspects D) characters E) contributingF) describing G) established H) quality I) quoted J) recordingK) recruited L) total M) unconscious N) unsure O) yetKeys:1). K--- recruited 2). J --- recording 3). L --- total 4). C --- aspects 5). B --- analyzed 6). H --- quality 7). N --- unsure 8).G --- established 9). A --- already 10). E --- contributingThere’s no question that the Earth is getting hotter. The real questions are: How much of the warming is our fault, and are we ____1____ to slow the devastation by controlling our insatiable ____2____ for fossil fuels?Global warming can seem too ____3____ to worry about, or too uncertain-something projected by the same computer ____4____ that often can’t get next week’s weather right. On a raw winter day you might think that a few degrees of warming wouldn’t be such a bad thing anyway. And no doubt about it: Warnings about ____5____ change can sound like an environmentalist scare tactic, meant to force us out of our cars and restrict our lifestyles.Comforting thoughts, perhaps. Unfortunately, however, the Earth has some discomforting news. From Alaska to the snowy peaks of the Andes the world is heating up right now, and fast. Globally, the ____6____ is up 1F over the past century, but some of the coldest, most remote spots have warmed much more. The results aren’t pretty. Ice is ____7____, rivers are running dry, and coasts are ____8____, threatening communities.The ____9____ are happening largely out of sight. But they shouldn’t be out of mind, because they are omens of what’s in store for the ____10____ of the planet.A)remoteB)techniquesC)consistingD)restE)willingF)climateG)skillH)appetiteI)meltingJ)vanishingK)erodingL)temperatureM)curiosityN)changesO)skillfulKeys:1) E --- willing 2) H --- appetite 3) A --- remote 4) B --- techniques 5) F --- climate 6) L --- temperature 7) I --- melting 8) K --- eroding9) N --- changes 10) D --- restPerhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to ____1____. You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular ____2____ activity. And surprisingly, you don’t have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, ____3____ effects.Your body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic ____4____ such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting of basal metabolic rate.Any time you are active, ____5____ energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and ____6____ of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will ____7____ on fat as its fuel.Aerobic exercise is most ____8____ for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you ____9____ contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had ____10____ in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.A)positiveB)additionalC)durationD)effectiveE)shedF)physicalG)foodH)functionsI)participatedJ)relyK)cutL)repeatedlyM)usesN)littleO)obviousKeys:1) E --- shed 2) F --- physical 3) A --- positive 4) H --- functions5) B --- additional 6) C --- duration 7) J --- rely 8) D --- effective9) L --- repeatedly 10) I --- participatedOnce the world embraced the automobile, the days of depending on horses, bicycles, ferries, and trains quickly slipped into the past. People were ____1____ with the speed of the automobile but they were also enjoying the personal freedom that the automobile gave them. Owing a car gave people the freedom to go anyplace a road ____2____. This allowed people to travel at anytime and at their own ____3____. This independence gave the car a popular edge over buses and trains.The popularity of the automobile made it the ____4____ of the transportation system. The automobile changed our lives when it created a giant industry that offered more and more jobs. The automobile made it possible for people to live in areas ____5____ from their work place. This caused cities to grow and made suburban living more convenient. Of course, with more places to go, more ____6____ roads had to be built. The automobile caused a ____7____ effect. Jobs increased, industries grew, new industries developed, and cities appeared. Today the automobile industry continues to offer many ____8____. Jobs are plentiful in this industry and improvements continue to be made to the automobile with new technologies.We have come a long way from that first ____9____ carriage because of the cooperative efforts of many people in the last century. It will be interesting to see what the future holds for the automobile. We have already seen signs of the use of solar energy in this area. As long as man has a brain, the future of the automobile is ____10____.A)backboneB)infiniteC)furtherD)backgroundE)ledF)enjoyedG)horselessH)developingI)opportunitiesJ)snowballK)definiteL)developedM)fartherN)impressedO)paceKeys:1) N --- impressed 2) E --- led 3) O --- pace 4) A --- backbone5) M --- farther 6) L --- developed 7) J --- snowball 8) I --- opportunities 9) G --- horseless 10) B --- infiniteThe biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the ____1____ computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 ____2____ that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference ____3____ unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization on which advises the aviation (航空) industry, has recommended that all airlines ban (禁止) such devices from being used during “____4____” stages of flight, ____5____ take-off and landing. Some experts are calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are ____6____ to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.The difficulty is ____7____ how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft’s computers. Experts know that portable device emit radiation which ____8____ those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because the have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable (易受损的) to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation ____9____. As worrying, though, who can’t hear the instructions to turn off this radio because the music’s too ____10___.A)definiteB)incidentsC)effectsD)remainsE)criticalF)particularlyG)reluctantH)refreshingI)portableJ)enormousK)predictingL)liberalM)affectsN)equipmentO)loudKeys:1) I --- portable 2) B --- incidents 3) D --- remains 4) E --- critical5) F --- particularly 6) G --- reluctant 7) K --- predicting 8) M --- affects 9) N --- equipment 10) O --- loudEvery year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments ____1____ it. They find the writing process ____2____ and difficult.How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it --- ____3____ English, with its rich vocabulary. Being able to speak but not write is like living in an ____4____ mansion (豪宅) and never leaving one small room. When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know as a teacher my ____5____ is to show them the rest of the rooms. My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to ____6____ the moral and emotional development of my students. One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done ____7____ just like exercise; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise, writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and ____8____ after only a few weeks of journal writing.Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and ____9____ lives. They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step ____10____ to fluency, eloquence (雄辩), and command of language.A) closer I) painfulB) daily J) performanceC) emotional K) professionD) enhance L) remarkablyE) enormous M) requireF) especially N) sensitiveG) hinder O) urgeH) missionKeys:1) M --- require 2) I --- painful 3) F --- especially 4) E --- enormous 5) H --- mission 6) D --- enhance 7) B --- daily 8) J --- performance 9) C --- emotional 10) A --- closerMany students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for one or two hours, perhaps ____1____ the talk with slides, writing up important information on the blackboard, distributing reading material and giving out ____2____. The new student sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and wonders what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture ____3____ notes which do not catch the main points and which become hard even for the ____4____ to understand.Most institutions provide courses which assist new students to develop the skills they need to be ____5____ listeners and note-takers. If these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which ____6____ learners to practice these skills independently. In all cases it is important to ____7____ the problem before actually starting your studies.It is important to ____8____ that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills required in college study. One way of ____9____ these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the academic year. Another basic ____10____ is to find a study partner with whom it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.A)withB)effectiveC)strategyD)tackleE)studentsF)enableG)acknowledgeH)illustratingI)sustainJ)ignoreK)assignmentsL)informationM)averageN)advocateO)overcomingKeys:1) H --- illustrating 2) K --- assignments 3) A --- with 4) E --- students 5) B --- effective 6) F --- enable 7) D --- tackle 8) G --- acknowledge 9) O --- overcoming 10) C --- strategyShopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the ___1___ of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many ___2___ businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered ___3___. There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.But in the 1950s, a change began to ___4___ place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were ___5___ to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what the car driving customers ___6___. And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, ___7___ as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from ___8___ areas to outlying malls. And the growing ___9___ of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores.By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition of providing the ___10___ of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.A)designedB)takeC)heartD)neededE)thoughF)convenienceG)servicesH)fameI)variousJ)popularityK)cosmeticsL)startedM)downtownN)availableO)cheapnessKeys:1) C --- heart 2) I --- various 3) G --- services 4) B --- take5) N --- available 6) D --- needed 7) L --- started 8) M --- downtown 9) J --- popularity 10) F --- convenienceWise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually ___1___ your money or can add to the cost. Take the ___2___ example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the ___3___ buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest ___4___ price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive ___5___ to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you ___6___ when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable ___7___ in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money in the long run. Before you buy a new ___8___, talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose. Before you buy an expensive ___9___, or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose ___10___ three items or three estimates.A)possessionB)saveC)bestD)applianceE)materialF)fromG)simpleH)withI)inJ)elementK)modelL)itemM)easyN)adoptO)reasonableKeys:1) B --- save 2) G --- simple 3) C --- best 4) I --- in5) K --- model 6) N --- adopt 7) A --- possession 8) D --- appliance9) L --- item 10) F --- fromTranslationDirection:Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.(1)1.Not only ___________________________________________ （他向我收费太高）,but he didn’t do a good repair job either.2.The murderer ___________________________________ （混在人群当中）with an attempt to shoot at the Prime Minister whenever he seized a chance.3.The emergence of e-commerce and the fast-growing Internet economy are______________________________________________ （为中国的国内外贸易提供了新的增长机遇）。
2019年大学生英语四级真题解析六套全高清版
2019年⼤学⽣英语四级真题解析六套全⾼清版2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第1套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) On a volunteer activity held by our Student Union,35students paid a visit to theZhongxin Commu-nity and helped the elderly people in the neighborhood this Friday.Social isolation and loneliness among older adults is a serious problem and has been exacerbated as an increasing number of young people choose to leave home and work in big cities.Hence,older adults may be at highest risk for becoming socially isolated during the period when they live alone.For this rea-son,the volunteers taught older adults to grasp the knowledge about social media such as Wechat and QQ,through which they can communicate with their families.What s more,many elders just want someone to talk to,which is especially true if they live alone.The volunteers also spent much time with the senior,talking and making them feel loved and cared for.In conclusion,aging can be a difficult time for many people:they may feel lonely,have financial stress or medicalissues.However,the volunteers in our school have made their own contribution,by ai-ding them with basic tasks and boosting their spirits.PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes) 1-5AABDC6-10BDCAB11-15ACDBD16-20CBADB21-25CDCABPartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30HAGDI31-35NJEBKSection B36-40IGDNA41-45KHFMCSection CPassage One46-50ABBACPassage Two51-55BADDCPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?Boasting a history of more than2,000years,paper cutting is a unique form of Chinese folk arts.It was probably originated from the Han Dynasty after the invention of paper.Since then,it has gained pop-ularity in many parts of China.The materials and tools used for paper-cutting are simple:paper and scis-sors.Red paper is usually used in paper-cut works,because the color is associated with happiness in tra-ditional Chinese culture.Therefore,red paper-cut is a preferable decoration for doors and windows in wedding ceremonies,the Spring Festival and other festive occasions.2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第2套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) On a volunteer activity held by our Student Union,30students majoring in Agricultural Studies paid a visit to the local farm in the northeast part of Jilin province and gave a hand to the farmers there on June 15th.As Jilin province suffers a record drought these days,a large part of the surface of the farm is arid. Hence,the volunteers helped the farmers by irrigating the crops such as cucumbers,tomatoes,cabbages, etc.What s more,these volunteers also taught the local farmers how to take care of the domestic animals by using different strategies and responses as rising temperatures also make them tough.The farmers ex-pressed their gratitude for the volunteers help and spoke highly of capabilities and the virtues shown by the volunteers.In conclusion,without fearing any hardship,all the volunteers have displayed the spirit of hardwork-ing and interdependence in the activity.After experiencing a meaningful day,they not only made their own contributions to the local farm but also have applied what they have learned into practice. PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes) 1-5BDCAD6-10BDDCB11-15ABCDA16-20CDBAB21-25ADCABPartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30GMALC31-35FJOIESection B36-40ELHFA41-45JGNDISection CPassage One46-50CDDDDPassage Two51-55ACABDPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?With a history of over2,000years,lion dancing is a form of traditional folk art in China.During the dancing,two lion dancers perform inside of a lion costume,with one controlling head while the other controlling the body and tail.They mimic a lion s movements in a lion costume with skillful coopera-tion.People perform lion dances during the Spring Festival or other festivals because in the Chinese cul-ture,the lion,king of animals,symbolizes happiness and fortune.Lion dancing can also be seen on many other important occasions such as the opening ceremony of a shop and the wedding ceremony to of-ten attract many people.2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第3套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) Last Tuesday,a group of volunteers of our university actively attended the visit to a Hope elementa-ry school,which was organized by the Student Union and aimed to send donations and care to the chil-dren in the poverty-stricken area.In the morning,the lovely children extended warm welcome to our volunteers.Upon arriving at the elementaryschool,volunteers could not wait to donate the books,stationeries and clothes collected a-mong students within our university before the visit.Pupils there were especially excited to receive the books to which they had no access before.Then,the rest of day was filled with recreational activities. They played games,sang songs and danced,spending a happy day together.The voluntary visit was really significant.Not only did it enrich the university life but also the vol-unteers made contributions to the society.More voluntary activities can be organized in the future. PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes)说明:由于2019年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听⼒三本套的听⼒内容与第⼆套的⼀样,只是选项次序不⼀样,因此本套真题中不再重复出现三PartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30CIKJA31-35BOGFMSection B36-40HEGBK41-45FIHJGSection CPassage One46-50DCCDAPassage Two51-55BCABDPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?Lanterns originated in the Eastern Han Dynasty and were originally mainly usedfor lighting.In the Tang Dynasty,people used red lanterns to celebrate a peaceful life.From then on,lanterns had become popular in many places of/doc/bf2042082.htmlnterns are usually made of thin paper with bright colors and have dif-ferent shapes and sizes.In traditional Chinese culture,red lanterns symbolize happy life and booming business and are usually hung up during festivals,such as Spring Festival,Lantern Festival and National Day.Nowadays,red lanterns can also be seen in many places of the world.2019年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第1套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) Dear John,How is everything going?Hearing that you plan to learn Chinese,I am writing to you to recommend a university where you can learn Chinese well.What I want to recommend is Peking University which is a prestigious university suitable for language learning in China.The reasons why I recommend this university are as follows.To start with,as a famous university, Peking University owns the top-ranking teachers and the best facilities and is able to provide you with professional guidance and systematic training in Chinese learning.In addition,located in the capital of China,Peking University is surrounded with the strong historical and cultural atmosphere.Therefore,not only can you experience the profound Chinese culture,but also you will get in touch with those who speak the most standard Mandarin.In a word,I recommend you to learn Chinese at Peking University and welcome you to have a visit to Beijing.I will offer help if you need.Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Ming PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes) 1-5ADBCD6-10ACCAB11-15ACDAB16-20DBABD21-25ACBCAPartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30BMICK31-35LOGEJSection B36-40EICGK41-45FBJDHSection CPassage One46-50BCADCPassage Two51-55CBBADPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?China s family values are related to its cultural traditions.A harmonious family used to be the envy of other people.In the past,it was not rare that a family of four generations live under one roof.Because of this heritage,many young people continue to live with their parents after marriage.However,this tra-dition is changing today.With the improvement of housing conditions,a growing number of young cou-ples choose to live separately from their parents but their connection remains close.Many seniors still help look after their grandchildren and young couples also take time to visit their parents,especially dur-ing important festivals such as the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival.2019年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第2套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) Dear James,With China s growing influence around the world,the number of people learning Chinese as a sec-ond foreign language has also surged in these years.I heard that you have been extremely keen on learn-ing Chinese recently but have encountered certain setbacks in the process of learning.Therefore,I would like to recommend a place for you to learn Chinese:the LondonConfucius Institute.There are three reasons for this recommendation.First,the London Confucius Institute possesses top teaching resources.As one of the earliest established Confucius Institutes in the UK,it provides a wide range of courses covering both language training and Chinese culture appreciation.Second,it offers mul-tiple scholarship programs for outstanding students.Third,it is close to where you live.If you take sub-way,you can get to the London Confucius Institute in just20minutes.I think the London Confucius Institute is a perfect place for you to embark on the journey of learning Chinese.If you are interested,you can go there and check it out yourself.Good luck with learning Chi-nese!Sincerely,Li Hua PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes) 1-5DDBCA6-10ABCCA11-15BDACB16-20CDACB21-25DDABCPartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30OADCG31-35HKNEFSection B36-40EIBGD41-45JAFCHSection CPassage One46-50CDACBPassage Two51-55DADCBPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?The full name of China s Han people consists of a family name and a given name.One feature of the Chinese name is that the family name always comes first,followed by the given name.For thousands of years,the father s family name has been passed on from generation to generation.However,it is not uncommon now for a child to have the mother s familyname.Generally speaking,a given name con-tains one or two Chinese characters,which usually carry the parents expectations for the child.There-fore,it can be inferred from the name what kind of person the parents expect their child to be,or what kind of life to live.Parents attach great importance to naming their children because names usually go with them for a whole life.2019年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第3套)参考答案PartⅠ⼀Writing(30minutes) Dear Tom,I am glad to receive your letter in which you showed great interest in teaching English in China.Ac-tually,China is fast becoming a hub of English learners and in my opinion teaching English in Shanghai should be your next move.To begin with,you can have a fun-filled and satisfying life by teaching Chinese students in Shang-hai.Parents in Shanghai are more than willing to pay handsomely for their children s adequate language proficiency that can help them in getting higher education in international universities.What s more, Shanghai is a city rich in spectacular views and longhistory,blending Western and Eastern traditions, and being infused with modern culture and arts.Outside the classroom,you ll be able to fully immerse yourself in exploring the city.Whether you wish to see the impressive wooden pagodas or the ancient towns,to sample the aromatic cuisine or to meet the friendly locals,you ll have ample free time to enjoy all that Shanghai has offered.Therefore,I think you can take advantage of the opportunity to build a teaching career in Shanghai.Yours sincerely,Li Ming PartⅡ⼀Listening Comprehension(25minutes)说明:由于2018年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听⼒三本套的听⼒内容与第⼆套的⼀样,只是选项次序不⼀样,因此本套真题中不再重复出现三PartⅢ⼀Reading Comprehension(40minutes) Section A26-30BLKAO31-35CEGDHSection B36-40FIDGB41-45EHAJCSection CPassage One46-50BCDBAPassage Two51-55DABACPartⅣ⼀Translation(30minutes)?参考译⽂?Chinese families attach great importance to children s education.Many parents think that they should work hard to guarantee their kids good education.They are not only willing to invest in their children s education but also spend much time in supervising their study.Most parents hope that their children can be admitted into a prestigious university.Owing to China s reform and opening-up,more and more parents can afford their kids study in a foreign country or an international exchange program, which will broaden their horizon.Through all these efforts,they expect their children to grow up healthi-ly and contribute to the nation s development and prosperity.。
2019年12月英语四级考试翻译真题及答案解析三套整
2019年12月英语四级考试翻译真题及答案解析三套整翻译：中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。
许多父母认为应该努力工作，确保孩子受到良好的教育。
他们不仅非常情愿为孩子的教育投资，而且花很多时间督促他们学习。
多数家长希望孩子能上名牌大学。
由于改革开放，越来越多的家长能送孩子到国外学习或参加国际交流项目，让其拓宽视野。
通过这些努力，他们期待孩子健康成长，为国家的发展和繁荣做出贡献。
【参考范文】Chinese families attach due importance to children's education. Numerous parents deem that they should work hard to ensure that their children are well educated. Not only are they very willing to invest in their children's education, but they also spend a lot of time urging them to learn. The great majority of parents expect that their children are able to go to prestigious universities. As a result of the reform and opening up, an increasing number of parents can send their children to study abroad or participate in international exchange projects, so as to broaden their horizons. Through these efforts, they expect their children to grow uphealthily and contribute to the development and prosperity of the country.【解析】：这一篇翻译的主题是中国家庭教育观念，篇章中主要考察状语以及宾语从句的翻译。
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2019英语四级选词填空练习及参考译文(5)
Section A
Directions：In this section。
thereis a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list ofchoices given in a word bankfollowing the
passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
Questions 36 to 45 are based on thefollowingpassage.
“THINKING is hard，”(36)__________Daniel Dennet，a professor of philosophy at Tufts University.“Thinking about some problems is so hard that it can make your head ache just thinking about thinking about them.”He has spent hA.f a century pondering some of the knottiest problems around：the nature of meaning，the(37)__________of minds and whether freewill is possible.His latest book，Intuition Pumps(直觉泵)and Other Tools for Thinking，is a precis of those 50 years，distilled into 77(38)__________ and mostly bite-sized chapters.
“Intuiuon pumps”are what Mr Dennet calls thought experiments that aim to get at the rub of concepts.But the aim of this book is not(39)__________to show how the pumps work,but to(40)__________them to help readers think through some of the most profound conundrums.
This pump which Mr Dennet calls a“cascade of
homunculi(级联侏儒)”，was(41)__________by the field of artificial Intelligence,An programmer begins by taking a problem a computer is meant to solve and breaking it down
into smaller tasks，to be dealt with by
particular(42)__________.These，in turn，are(43)__________ of sub.subsystems，and so on.In this way,we are in depth of thinking profound problems.
Of course，Mr Dennet’s book is not
a(44)__________solution to such mind-benders;it is philosophy in action.Like all good philosophy,it works by getting the reader to examine deeply held but(45)__________ beliefs about some of our most fundamental concems，like personal autonomy.It is really not all easy read.
A.consist
B.actually
C.nature
D.concedes
E.inspired
F.definable
posed
H.readable
I.substance
J.merely
K.unspoken
L.apply
M.suppose
N.subsystem
O.definitive
塔夫斯大学的一名哲学教授丹尼尔丹尼特(36)承认：“思考是困
难的，某些问题的思考之难，几乎到了只要一想这些问题就会头疼的
地步。
在过去半个世纪里，他一直在沉思那些最耐人寻味的问题：意
义的本质，思想的(37)实质以及自由意志的可行性等。
最近，他的力
作《思考的工具：直觉泵及其他》新鲜出炉，由77篇既(38)有可读性
又短小精悍的文章组成，是他五十多年来思考之浓缩，覃思之精华。
“直觉泵”是丹尼特用来称呼思想实验的术语。
所谓思想实验就
是一种意在探究概念内核的实验。
本书的目的(39)不但仅在于展示
“直觉泵”的工作流程，更重要的是通过(40)使用“直觉泵”，协助
读者去揣摩那些最值得考虑的难题。
丹内特把这种泵称为“级联侏儒”，其(41)灵感来自于人工智能
领域。
当一名程序员接受了一项有待计算机解决的任务时，他首先会
把这项任务分解为一些更小的任务，然后把这些任务交给一些特定的(42)子系统去解决，而这些子系统又是由更小的子子系统(43)组成的，以此类推。
只有这样，这些问题才能得以深思。
当然，丹内特的书并不是这些令人迷惑的问题的(44)终极答案。
相反的，是对此类问题的终极思考。
如同所有终极思考一样，该书通
过让读者对那些深藏于我们内心却又(45)无法言说的信念实行检讨，
从而达到自己的目的。
它确实不是一本易读懂的书。