现在分词用法与练习

现在分词用法与练习一、现在分词的各种形式及意义

二、现在分词的句法功能

1．作定语

单个的现在分词充当前置定语，分词短语充当后置定语。但是，完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。

The swimming boy is my elder brother．正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。

Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise．告诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。

2．作表语

现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be，get，be，come，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear 等后面。

The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来很有趣。The news was disappointing．这个消息令人失望。

【点津】动名词也可以作表语，此时主语和表语是对等关系，可以互换位置。

Your task is cleaning the windows．（=Cleaning the windows is your task．）你的任务是擦窗户。

3．作补足语

(1) 现在分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，look at，

listen to，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。

I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car．

我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。

(2) 上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，现在分词可看成是主语补足语。

She was heard singing an English song yesterday．昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。

A cook will be fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。

（3）with +宾语+v-ing

With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous.

4．作状语

现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。必须记住：从句和主句的主语必须一致。

(1) 表示时间。现在分词表时间时，相当于when等引导的时间状语从句。

①Be careful when crossing the road．（=Be careful when you are crossing the road.）

过马路时小心点。

②Having turned off the TV, he began to do his

homework．关掉电视后，他开始做家庭作业。

（=After he had turned off the TV．he began to do his homework．）

(2) 表示原因

①Being so excited, she couldn’t go to sleep．(=Because

she was so excited, she couldn’t go to sleep.) 因为她

太兴奋了，所以睡不着。

②Not having received his reply，she decided to make a

call to him．（=Because she hadn’t recei ved his reply,

she decided to make a call to him．因为没有收到他的

回信，她决定给他打个电话。

(3) 表示方式或伴随，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。

①The teacher came into the classroom, holding a book

in his hand．(=The teacher came into the classroom

and held a book in his hand.) 老师手拿一本书走进教

室。

②He came running into the room. (=He came and ran into the room)他跑进屋来。

(4) 表示结果，常相当于一个and引起的并列分句。这类状

语常放在句子的后半部分，分词前往往有副词thus, thereby(因此)或only，并有逗号同前面的句子成分隔开，常可译为“于是，所以，因而”等。这种分词的逻辑主

语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子。逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性的定语从句。

①The car was held up by the storm，causing the delay.

(=The car was held up by the storm and caused the

delay.) 汽车被暴风雨所阻挡，因而耽搁了。

②The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the

project unfinished.

(=The old scientist died all of a sudden, and left the

project unfinished.)

那位老科学突然去世，留下未尽的事业。

③He turned off the lamp, (thereby) seeing nothing.

(=He turned off the lamp, thereby he saw nothing.)

他熄了灯，什么也看不见了。

④A number of new machines were introduced from

abroad, thus resulting in an increase in production.

(=A number of new machines were introduced from

abroad, which resulted in an increase in production.)

大量的新机器被从国外引入，导致生产增加。

(5 ) 表示条件，常相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句。

Working hard, you’ll succeed. (=If you work hard，you’ll succeed.) 努力工作，你就会成功。