八年级下册英语课件
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人教版初中八年级下册英语全册 ppt课件
Listening
2a Listen and number the pictures
[1-5] in the order you hear them.
2
4
3
1
5
2b Listen again. Match the
problems with the advice.
1 fever
a lie down and rest
2 stomachache
b drink some hot tea
with honey
3 cough and sore throat c see a dentist and
get an X-ray
4 toothache
She has a stomachache.
He has a cough.
She has a cough.
He has a headache. She has a headache.
He has a sore back. She has a sore back.
He has a nosebleed.
He has a heart problem..
Work in Pairs
A: What’s the matter with…? B: He/She has a …
1a Look at the picture. Write the correct letter [a-m ] for each part of the body.
_h_ arm __e_ back _g__ ear
__i _ eye _b__ foot
_a_ hand __j_ head __l_ leg
__c_ mouth
人教版八年级英语下册教学PPT课件Unit1第一课时(Section A 1a-2d)
Nancy: has a toothache
Sarah: has a cold
Ben: has a sore back
David: got a stomachache last night
Judy: has a very sore throat
While-listening
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
Nancy____ Sarah ____ David ____ Ben ____ Judy ____
While-listening
1b Listen and look at the picture. Then number the names[1-5].
Nancy___3__ Ben ___5__
This is my... These are my...
Pre-listening
1a Look at the picture. Write the correct letter[a-m] for each part of the body.
__h___ arm __e___ back __g___ ear __i___ eye __b___ foot ___a__ hand __j___ head __l___ leg __c___ mouth ___d__ neck __m___ nose ___k__ stomach __f___ tooth
last night
birthday party.
has a sore back __h_u_r_t __ _h_im__s_el_f_when playing soccer.
Nancy has a toothache
Sarah: has a cold
Ben: has a sore back
David: got a stomachache last night
Judy: has a very sore throat
While-listening
Listen again and fill in the blanks.
Nancy____ Sarah ____ David ____ Ben ____ Judy ____
While-listening
1b Listen and look at the picture. Then number the names[1-5].
Nancy___3__ Ben ___5__
This is my... These are my...
Pre-listening
1a Look at the picture. Write the correct letter[a-m] for each part of the body.
__h___ arm __e___ back __g___ ear __i___ eye __b___ foot ___a__ hand __j___ head __l___ leg __c___ mouth ___d__ neck __m___ nose ___k__ stomach __f___ tooth
last night
birthday party.
has a sore back __h_u_r_t __ _h_im__s_el_f_when playing soccer.
Nancy has a toothache
外研版八年级英语下册课件 Module7Unit2(PPT45张)
2. at the same time 同时 3. personal choice 个人的选择 4. as well as 也,还,而且,除了 5. depend on 取决于;决定于 6.take part in 参加 7. daily life 日常生活 8.stay in touch (with sb) 与某人保持联系 9.take trips to 去旅行 10.be certain to do sth 一定会做某事 11.at least 至少 12. fill out 填写,填充
four hours a day. You can work in small or large groups:
it depends on your personal choice. We provide books,
and we set tests every week to check your progress.
请根据汉语意思补全下面的英语句子。 1) 我最后一次见到她是在2013年。
The _l_a_s_t_t_im__e__ I saw her was in 2013. 2) 炎热的天气持续到了九月。
The hot weather __la_s_t_e_d_ until September. 3) 最后他成功了。
检查短语.
1. 向某人主动提供某物 2. 同时 3. 个人的选择 4. 也,还,而且,除了 5. 取决于;决定于 6. 参加 7. 日常生活 8. 与某人保持联系 9. 去旅行 10.一定会做某事can offer you great summer English courses. 我们可以为你提供非常棒的暑期英语课程. 2.We provide books, and we set tests every week to check your
four hours a day. You can work in small or large groups:
it depends on your personal choice. We provide books,
and we set tests every week to check your progress.
请根据汉语意思补全下面的英语句子。 1) 我最后一次见到她是在2013年。
The _l_a_s_t_t_im__e__ I saw her was in 2013. 2) 炎热的天气持续到了九月。
The hot weather __la_s_t_e_d_ until September. 3) 最后他成功了。
检查短语.
1. 向某人主动提供某物 2. 同时 3. 个人的选择 4. 也,还,而且,除了 5. 取决于;决定于 6. 参加 7. 日常生活 8. 与某人保持联系 9. 去旅行 10.一定会做某事can offer you great summer English courses. 我们可以为你提供非常棒的暑期英语课程. 2.We provide books, and we set tests every week to check your
最新人教版pep初中初二八年级英语下册unit1_What's_the_matter精品ppt课件
(1) was going为过去进行时。过去进行时,是表示过去 某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。结构 为 was/were +doing (现在分词) It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。 We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
Language m. yesterday, bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午九点钟,26路公交车正沿着中华路走,这时 司机看见一位老人躺在路边。
3b
Read the passage again and check the things that happened in the story.
1. _______ Wang Ping was the driver of bus No.26 at 9:00 a.m. yesterday. 2. _______ Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Xhonghua Road. (过去式hit,现在分词:hitting) 3. _______ The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away. 4. _______ The passagers on the bus did not want to go to the hospital, so only Wang Ping went with the woman and old man. 5. _______ Some passagers helped to get the old man onto the bus. 6. _______ The old man got to the hospital in time.
Language m. yesterday, bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午九点钟,26路公交车正沿着中华路走,这时 司机看见一位老人躺在路边。
3b
Read the passage again and check the things that happened in the story.
1. _______ Wang Ping was the driver of bus No.26 at 9:00 a.m. yesterday. 2. _______ Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Xhonghua Road. (过去式hit,现在分词:hitting) 3. _______ The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away. 4. _______ The passagers on the bus did not want to go to the hospital, so only Wang Ping went with the woman and old man. 5. _______ Some passagers helped to get the old man onto the bus. 6. _______ The old man got to the hospital in time.
Unit8SectionA1a2d课件人教版八年级英语下册
you? A: Yes, I have. /No, I haven’t. B: What’s it like? A: It’s fantastic.
2a
Listen. Who has read these books? Circle the names.
1. Treasure Island 2. Olive Twist 3. Robinson Crusoe 4. Tom Sawyer
T
3. Tina thinks that Treasure Island is a fantastic
book.
T
4. Tom Sawyer is about a boy who lives in the
United Kingdom. F
2c Use the information in 2a and 2b to
Mark / Tina Mark / Tina Mark / Tina Mark / Tina
Tina has read Treasure Island
and Tom Sawyer.
Both Tina and Mark have read Oliver Twist and Robinson Crusoe.
Amy: I chose Treasure Island, but I _h_a_v__en_’_t_ _f_in_i_s_h_e_d_ (not finish) reading it yet. I’m only on page 25. Steve: Have you at least read the back of the
Amy: Yes, I have. It looks interesting. Steve: You should hurry up. The book report is
2a
Listen. Who has read these books? Circle the names.
1. Treasure Island 2. Olive Twist 3. Robinson Crusoe 4. Tom Sawyer
T
3. Tina thinks that Treasure Island is a fantastic
book.
T
4. Tom Sawyer is about a boy who lives in the
United Kingdom. F
2c Use the information in 2a and 2b to
Mark / Tina Mark / Tina Mark / Tina Mark / Tina
Tina has read Treasure Island
and Tom Sawyer.
Both Tina and Mark have read Oliver Twist and Robinson Crusoe.
Amy: I chose Treasure Island, but I _h_a_v__en_’_t_ _f_in_i_s_h_e_d_ (not finish) reading it yet. I’m only on page 25. Steve: Have you at least read the back of the
Amy: Yes, I have. It looks interesting. Steve: You should hurry up. The book report is
人教版八年级英语下册教学课件《Unit-7-Section-B-1a-1d》
3.我的苹果要比妹妹的多三倍。 My apples are three times more than my sister’s.
➢ 中考链接 U7S-
— What subject do you like ____, English, math
or physics?
— Of course, English.
1b
Listen and check (✓) the numbers you hear.
__✓___100
_____ 50
__✓___ 0.2
_____ 16
_____ 120
__✓___ 150
__✓___ 20 __✓___ 0.1
1c Listen again and complete the
this panda.
(200 cm taller/shorter, weigh much more/less, eat much more/less, eat many times more.)
This panda is 200 cm shorter than this elephant. This elephant eats much more than this panda.
称……的重量
birth
n. 出生;诞生
at birth
出生时
up to
到达(某数量、程度等);
至多有;不多于
adult
adj. 成年的;成人的
n. 成人;成年动物
Elephant
-is 350 cm tall -weighs 5,000 kilos -eats 150 kilos of food a day
more than a baby panda.
➢ 中考链接 U7S-
— What subject do you like ____, English, math
or physics?
— Of course, English.
1b
Listen and check (✓) the numbers you hear.
__✓___100
_____ 50
__✓___ 0.2
_____ 16
_____ 120
__✓___ 150
__✓___ 20 __✓___ 0.1
1c Listen again and complete the
this panda.
(200 cm taller/shorter, weigh much more/less, eat much more/less, eat many times more.)
This panda is 200 cm shorter than this elephant. This elephant eats much more than this panda.
称……的重量
birth
n. 出生;诞生
at birth
出生时
up to
到达(某数量、程度等);
至多有;不多于
adult
adj. 成年的;成人的
n. 成人;成年动物
Elephant
-is 350 cm tall -weighs 5,000 kilos -eats 150 kilos of food a day
more than a baby panda.
初二下册英语课件
Part
03
Reading comprehension
Detail comprehension questions
The detail comprehension question mainly tests students' understanding and memory ability of specific information in the article.
目录
Part
01
Course Introduction
Course objectives
Language knowledge
Acquire a solid foundation of English grammar, vocabulary, and presence structure
Cultural understanding
Vary Sentence Length and Structure
Mix short and long senses, simple and complex senses, to create a dynamic and engaging writing style
Parallelism
Use parallel structure to create balance and flow in senses and paragraphs
Group work
Students work in small groups to complete tasks, discuss ideas, and share experiences related to the course content
Independent study
人教版八年级英语下册第二单元课件PPT
02
03
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When are you free to do this job? I am free to help in/on…
Dear Sir or Madam, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours truly, ____________
03
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When are you free to do this job? I am free to help in/on…
Dear Sir or Madam, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours truly, ____________
人教版八年级英语下unit2ppt课件
17
4. With no one to talk to. He _f_e_e_ls_ very _l_o_n_e_ly_ ( 感觉很孤独).
5. The life _u_s_e_d_ _t_o_ _b_e_ (曾经是) very interesting in my school days.
18
to be
I__c_o_u_ld__h_e_lp__t_h_e_o_l_d____________ __p_e_o_p_l_e_c_r_o_s_s_t_h_e_s_t_re_e_t_. _.
I_c_o_u_ld__s_e_n_d_b__o_o_k_s_t_o_t_h_e_p_o_o_r____ __st_u_d_e_n_t_s_______________.
listen to them and care for them.
Helen: You’re right. I mean, we’re all going to be old
one day, too.
12
1. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事; 表示 过去习惯性、经常性的动作或状态, 暗指现在已经不存在。used无人称和 时态的变化。
Imagine you are a bird, what will you do? Though there are difficulties ,we still work har It is normal to feel like this.
He needs much training to be a good player. Thanks for your kindness.
4. With no one to talk to. He _f_e_e_ls_ very _l_o_n_e_ly_ ( 感觉很孤独).
5. The life _u_s_e_d_ _t_o_ _b_e_ (曾经是) very interesting in my school days.
18
to be
I__c_o_u_ld__h_e_lp__t_h_e_o_l_d____________ __p_e_o_p_l_e_c_r_o_s_s_t_h_e_s_t_re_e_t_. _.
I_c_o_u_ld__s_e_n_d_b__o_o_k_s_t_o_t_h_e_p_o_o_r____ __st_u_d_e_n_t_s_______________.
listen to them and care for them.
Helen: You’re right. I mean, we’re all going to be old
one day, too.
12
1. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事; 表示 过去习惯性、经常性的动作或状态, 暗指现在已经不存在。used无人称和 时态的变化。
Imagine you are a bird, what will you do? Though there are difficulties ,we still work har It is normal to feel like this.
He needs much training to be a good player. Thanks for your kindness.
英语人教版八年级下册初中英语八年级下课件
Quiet
made
quick
• After-reading • 1.According to the instructions,describ the feature (特点)of each museum, For example, • American Computer Museum • • They have information about different computers and who invented them The ____________________________.
Unit 9
A 3a-3c
• Pre-reading
• • • • Say some museums as much as you can a________ museum ( art ) b______ museum ( book, bicycle ) c________ museum ( •car,camera,computer)
3. Why is the Hangzhou National Tea Museum a nice place to enjoy tea? It’s a relaxing and peaceful place near a lake. The tea art performances show how to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets. Watching the tea preparation is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself.
bigger • old computers were much________. • There was a special computer. It could play chess even better than humans __________________________.
初中英语人教版八年级下册Unit5课件
to
the
bus
stop but I still
missed the bus.
when 7:00 p.m. 8:00 p.m. 9:00 p.m.
what help take sleep
where in the kitchen in the bathroom in the bedroom
1. I called at seven and you didn’t pick up. pick up(=pick up the phone) 接电话 pick up 还有以下含义: 1) 拾起;抱起
My alarm didn’t go
off so I _w__o_k_eup late.
and ____a_t_e_____
some warm food.
4
1
5
Iw_a__s_w__a_i_t_i_n_gfor
the bus when it began to rain heavily.
3
2
I
_r_a_n__
When it … He was doing…
When it walked on the street he was eating.
总结
1) when可指时间点, 又可指时间段, 从句中 可用延续性动词, 也可用非延续性动词。
2) while总是指一个时间段, 从句中必须用延 续性动词。
Unit 5
SectionA
Words study rainstorm \ ′reɪnstɔ:m \n.暴风雨
alarm\ ə ′ lɑ:rm\n.闹钟 go off (闹钟)发出响声
begin\ bɪ ′ gɪn\ v.开始 (began\bɪ ′gæn \)
(人教版)初中八年级英语下册Unit 1 书面表达(写作课优质课)专题讲解教学课件
参照此文, 修改自己的作文。
and take some medicine, and it’s important for you to drink more hot water. You must wear warm
clothes and You'd better not go to school. Going
Doing sth. is ________ for you.
The sentences should try to be various (句式要多样化)
(人教版)初中八年级英语下册
话题小作文
I hear you have a cold these days.
I think it's best for you to go to see the doctor
1. 感冒 have a cold 2. 发烧 have a fever 3. 咳嗽 have a cough 4. 牙疼 have a toothache 5. 胃疼 have a stomachache 6. 头疼 have a headache 7. 背疼 have a sore back\backache 8. 喉咙疼 have a sore throat
(人教版)初中八年级英语下册
Imagine you are the school nurse and a student just had 3a an accident or a health problem. Make notes about what
he/she should and shouldn’t do.
What’s the matter?/ What happened?/ Are you OK? No, I don’t feel well./ I feel…/ I have a …/ Should I…? You should…/ You shouldn’t… fell down/ got hit by…/ cut myself / hurt my…
人教版英语八年级下册Unit 2 Section A (3a-3c) 课件
Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several
hours each week to help others.
放弃
Careful reading Paragraph 2
want to be 想要成为
Mario loves animals and wants to be an animal doctor. He volunteers at an
Brainstorm
What kinds of work can these young volunteers do?
clean up the city parks
cheer up the sick kids
care for the old people
give out food
plant trees …
Suppose you want to join Zhang Ping and Zhu Ming. How can you be a volunteer at their student volunteer project? These questions may help you.
1. What do you like/love to do? 2. What do you want to be? 3. How long can you spend on
his future dream job. F 4. Mario wants to learn more about caring for the kids. T 5. Mario gets a strong feeling of satisfaction when he sees
英语八年级下册Unit4八下unit4课件
12 0 2 2 /
1 Free talk:
1
/ Are you under too much pressure? 4 Please report to class.
sports practice
the fitness gym
language classes
music lessons
tutoring for school subjects
62 0 2 2 /
1 Read the passage quickly and answer the following
1
/ questions. 4 1. Do American and British children do many after-
school activities? 2. Are many children undYeresp,trheessyudroe?.
1
/ After school I usually…
4
play football
have piano lessons
42
0
2
2
/
1 1
barbecue(烧烤)party
/
4
organized freedom complain pushy
pressure compare
52 0 2 2 / 1 1 / 4
2.Pushy parents are nothing new, but now parents seem to push their children a lot more.
3.Their school days are busy enough.
12
70
2
1 Free talk:
1
/ Are you under too much pressure? 4 Please report to class.
sports practice
the fitness gym
language classes
music lessons
tutoring for school subjects
62 0 2 2 /
1 Read the passage quickly and answer the following
1
/ questions. 4 1. Do American and British children do many after-
school activities? 2. Are many children undYeresp,trheessyudroe?.
1
/ After school I usually…
4
play football
have piano lessons
42
0
2
2
/
1 1
barbecue(烧烤)party
/
4
organized freedom complain pushy
pressure compare
52 0 2 2 / 1 1 / 4
2.Pushy parents are nothing new, but now parents seem to push their children a lot more.
3.Their school days are busy enough.
12
70
2
人教版英语八年级下册Unit1 Section B 1a-1d 课件(共14张ppt)
Listen to the school nurse.
1b Check (√) the problems
you hear.Pro源自lemsTreatments Problems
Treatments
Someone
b, c
felt sick. √
Someone
cut his knee. √
Someone had a nosebleed.
_2____ Press the sides of your nose. _1___ Put your head down. _3___ Clean your face.
__1___ Go to the hospital. __2___ Get an X-ray. __3___ Rest for a few days.
2.Master the important phrases: put a bandage on it, run it under water,
have a nosebleed, get hit on the head, put her head down, what happened, tell sb. not to do sth.
Practice
1. --- Sam was so careless that he hurt __C____ on the broken glass.
A. myself
B. herself
C. himself
2. It’s cold outside. You’d better __A___ your coat.
1a
When these accidents happen, what should you do? Put the actions in order.
人教版八年级英语下册教学课件《Unit-2-Section-B-1a-1e》
1c Listen and number the pictures [1-4] in the correct order.
4
a2
b
1
c3
d
1d Listen again. Circle T for true or F for false.
1. Jimmy fixes up broken parts, T
4. I give it away. give away 意为“赠送”。
Exercises
Ⅰ.根据汉语提示完成句子,每空一词。
1. I didn’t finish writing my math test because I r_a_n_ _o_u_t_o_f_ (用完了) the time.
2. Mr. Cool has f_i_x_e_d_ _u_p_ (修理) the bike. 3. Yesterday my mother _g_a__v_e _a_w__a_y_ (赠送) my
__b__ 1. I’ve run out of it. __c__ 2. I take after my mother. __a__ 3. I fixed it up. __d__ 4. I gave it away.
a. I repaired it. b. I don’t have any more of it. c. I’m similar to her. d. I didn’t keep it.
He guesses het_a_k_e_s__a_f_t_e_r_ his father. But now he has _r_u_n__o_u_t__o_f_ money to buy any more old bikes. He needs to c_o_m__e__u_p__w_i_t_h__ some ways of getting money.
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Section 1 Instruction:What about Kangkang and Michael? And why? Kangkang looks excited. Micheal is happy. Because they can spend the evening at Kangkang’s home and have delicious food.
Describe the pictures follow
词汇:worried active sad angry afraid funny
Linking verb+adj.
系动词 系动词亦称联系动词( ),作为系动词 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义, ),作为系动词,它本身有词义, 但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语), ),构成系表结 但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结 构说明主语的状态、性质、特征等情况。 构说明主语的状态、性质、特征等情况。 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义, 有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓 例如: 语,例如: He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。( 。(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。) 是系动词, 他昨天病了。( 是系动词 后跟补足语,说明主语情况。) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。 是实义动词, 他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词,单独作谓语。 是实义动词 单独作谓语。 1)状态系动词 ) 用来表示主语状态,只有be一词 例如: 一词, 用来表示主语状态,只有 一词,例如: He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。( 与补足语一起说明主语的身 他是一名教师。( 。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身 份。) 2)持续系动词 ) 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, 用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有 remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如: 例如: He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 他开会时总保持沉默。 This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。 此事仍是一个谜。
Linking verb+adj.
3)表像系动词 ) 用来表示"看起来像 这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例 看起来像"这一概念 用来表示 看起来像 这一概念,主要有 如: He looks tired. 他看起来很累。 他看起来很累。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 他看起来很伤心。 4)感官系动词 ) 感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如: 例如: 感官系动词主要有 This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。 这种布手感很软。 This flower smells very sweet. 这朵花闻起来很香。 这朵花闻起来很香。 5)变化系动词 ) 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, 这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有 grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如: 例如: He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。 自那之后,他疯了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。 她没多长时间就富了。 6)终止系动词 ) 表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达 证实 ,"变 表达"证实 证实", 变 表示主语已终止动作,主要有 之意, 成"之意,例如: 之意 例如: The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。 这谣言证实有假。
语法
3. How nice! 感叹句 由How + adj.构成 How interesting (the story is) ! 4. There was none left. None 是代词,意为(几个人中或某物中)没有 一个。 left是leave的过去分词,相当于形容词,意为 剩下的,留下备用的。
At the school gate
语法
1.Why all the smiling faces? 省略句 常用于口语 (Why do all of you have the smiling faces?) 常见的还有: — What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么? — An apple. 一个苹果。 — Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗? — Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗? — Not yet. 还没有呢。 I am going to go shopping, and you? 2.What movie are they going to see? Be going to do sth.将要做某事
语法
1.guess what! 口语化句子,用于告诉某人另其惊讶之事。西方流行口头禅。 eg. Guess what! I got a chance to visit the Disneyland in HongKong 2.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事 Eg.Tom invited me to join his party. 3.Spend some time at sp. 在某处度过时间 Spend money/time+on sth/in doing sth Eg.I spend my holiday at Shanghai /on books /in learning English. 4.Say thanks to sb.向某人致谢
语法 greeting
How are you doing? 近来怎样?近来好吗?(相当于How are you ) How are you going? 别来无恙?
类似的打招呼用语还有: What's up ? What have you been doing ? How are you getting along ? How 's it going ? How have you been ? How's it been ? How's everything (going) ? How's everything doing ? What have you been up to ?
Pair work
词汇:
popular silly poor rich cruel smart kind unhappy
thanks for listening
制作者:林英霞 09英本10班
14
义务教育课程标准实验科书
英语 Project English
八年级 下册 北京市仁爱教育研究所 编著
Unit 5 Feeling Happy
Section 1:why all the smiling faces? Section 2:I feel better now. Section3:Many things can affect our feelings.