4语法复习四：定语从句.doc

定语从句

（-）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导

1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as 2> 关系副词：when, where, why

.She is the girl who sings best of all.

The comrade with whom I came knows French.

（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

I was the only person in our offic ewho was in vited.

2、非限制性定语从句：去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。Tom’s fathe r,who is ov er sixty, st ill works ha rd day and n ight.

（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题

1、that与which的区别。

1）用that而不用which的情况:①先行词为不定代词all, anything,nothing, ...；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有on ly, very, an y等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。

There is nothing t hat can prev ent him from doing it.

T he first pla ce that they visited in Guilin was E lephant Trun k Hill.

This is thebest film that I have ever s een. Mr Smi th is theon lyforeigner that he kno ws.

2）用which而不用that的情况：1）引导非限制性定语从句；2）介词+关系代词。

He had fail ed in the ma ths exam,wh ich made his father very angry.

This is the room in which my father live d last year.

3）a s引导定语从句时的用法①as通常用于the same ... a s, such ... as结构中。

I want t he sameshir t as mv frie nd z s.

Suchm achines asa re used in o ur workshop are made in China.

②通常用下歹1J句型：as is kno wn to all, a s is said, a s is reporte d, as is ann ounced, as w e all know,as I expect 等。As I e xpected, he got the firs t place agai n in this mi d-term exami nation.

3） as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别

①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as;反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。

He made a Ion g speech,as we expected . He made a long speech , which was unexpected.

②当非限制定语从句为否定吋，常用which引导。

T om drinks a lot every da y,whichhis wife doesn't like at al I.

2.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还足用复数应由先行词决定。

The man who lives do wnstairs spe aks English fluently.

Th e students w ho are in Gr ade Three ar e going to c limb the hil I tomorrow.

3 .定语从句有时不直接紧常先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语滿开。

The re is an exp ression in h is eyes that I can't und erstand.

4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”來代替。

Octob er 1, 1949 w as the day o n which （ =when ） the P eople's Repu blic of Chin a was founde d.

5.当定语从句中调语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不拆开o The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.

6.介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom,且不能省略；

The man (whom/ who/that) you we re talking a bout has com e to school.

选择填空：

1.The man ___ vis ited our sch ool yesterda y is from Lo ndon.

A. whoB • whichC. wh omD. when

2.The woman __ i s talkin g to my moth er is a frie nd of hers.

A . whoseB. wh oC. whomD. w hich

3.Becau se of my poo r memory, al I ___ you t old me has b een forgotte n.

A. that

B.which

C. what

D. as

4.Do y ou remember those days ___ w e spent along the s eashore very happily?

A.when

B. where

C. which

D.who

5.Tom di d not take a way the came ra because i t was just t he same came ra _____ he I ost last wee k.

A. which

B.that

C. whom

D. as

6.Thos e ___ want to go please sign their names here.

A . whomB. whi chC. whoD. w hen

7.Where is the man ____ I met th is morning?

A . whenB. whe reC. whichD.who

8.Who i s the woman ___ is swee ping the flo or over ther e?

A. who

B. /

C. that

D. wh en

9.The man ___ you ta Iked just no w is a worke r.

A. who

B. w hom

C. to who m

D. to who

10 . The man ____ y ou are g oing to make friends is my father's neighbour.

A.with whom

B.when

C. to w hom

D. which

1 1. The docto r ____ is le aving for Af rica next mo nth.

A. the n urse is talk ing to him

B.whom the nu rse is talki ng

C. the nur se is talkin g to

D. who t he nurse is talking

12.T he man ____ a round ours chool is fro m America.

A.which you s howed

B. you showed him

C.you showedD . where you showed

13.He talked abou t a hero ___ no one had ever heard.

A. of whom

B.from whom

C.about thatD . who

14.In fact the Swe de did not u nderstand th e three ques tions ____ w ere asked in French.

A. w here

B. who

C.in which

D.which

15.Hav e you read t he book ___ I lent to y ou?

A. that

B.whom

C. when

D. whose

16.Finally, the thief hande d over every thing __ he had stolen to the poli ce.

A. that B . which C. w hateverD. al I

17.The for eign guests, __ were g overnment of ficials, wer e warmly wel corned at the airport.

A.most of them

B. most of t hat

C. most o f whom

D. mos t of those

18 . This is th e very lette r ____ came I ast night.

A.who

B. which

C. that

D. as

19.1know o nly a little about this matter; you may ask ___ knows bette r than I.

A.whoever

B. wh omever

C. any one

D. the on e

20.This is the school ___ we visi ted three da ys ago.

A. wh ere

B. /

C. wh en

D. what

21.This is the factory ___ we worked a year ago.

A • whereB. th atC. whichD.on which