考研长难句：倒装句

考研长难句：倒装句

为了强调、突出而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句（Inverted Sentence）。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。

从结构上来讲，倒装句可以分为：部分倒装和全部倒装

1.部分倒装【第1-7句】

只将谓语的一部分（如助动词或系动词）放在主语前面，其余部分仍在主语之后。

(1)在以“only+状语”开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。这里only后面必须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句，这是关键。否则就不倒装。例如：

Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb.

只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。

(注意：only 引导的状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。)

Only then did I realize the importance of English.

只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。

Only in this way can we improve ourselves.

只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。

Only after you finish it can you leave.

只有结束它以后，你才能离开。(主句倒装)

注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。如：

The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations.

只有在艰苦的谈判以后，合同才得以签署。

(改成倒装：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.)

(2)句首中有否定词或否定短语时，句子要部分倒装。常见的否定词有：never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等。（但这时候也存在特例，假如否定词不是修饰整个句子，而只是限定句子主语，则不用倒装：Not only I but also he has been there.我和他都在那) 例如：

Never have I come across such a difficult problem.

我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。

Seldom do I read such magazines.

我很少读这种杂志。

No sooner had they left than the bus arrived.

他们刚走，公共汽车就来了。

Hardly did I think it possible.

我想这几乎不可能。

Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.

我们不但应该不怕困难，而且要尽最大努力克服困难。

Not until midnight did it stop raining.

直到半夜雨才停。

(正常语序是：It did not stop raining until midnight. 注意not位置的变化)

By no means will this method produce satisfactory results.

这种方法决不会产生令人满意的结果。

(3)固定形式。如：“So+a./adv.”及“to the extent/degree”放在句首，表示程度，句子须倒装。例如：

To such a degree did he go on with tedious speech that some of us began to yawn.

他的演讲空洞到这种程度以致于我们都开始打瞌睡了。

(4)在含有were, should, had的虚拟语气中，省去if后，须倒装，要把从句中的were, had 或should 移到主语之前。

If I had been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.

=Had I been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.

如果我在你的位置，我不会这样早放弃。

If he were to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.

=Were he to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.

如果他能成功，太阳就会从西边出来。

If you should be asked about this, say that you know nothing.

=Should you be asked about this, say……

如果有人问起你这件事，你就说你什么也不知道。

(5)当连词as 表示“虽然、尽管”引导让步状语从句时，句子要倒装，as 相当于though,可以替换。如：

Small as/though the atom is, we can smash it.

尽管原子很小，我们可以击碎它。

Tired as/though he was, he went on working.

(=Although he was very tired, he went on working.)

虽然他很累，他还是接着工作。

Child as/though she is, she knows a great deal.

她虽然是个孩子，但她懂得很多。

注意:可数名词单数作表语并提前，习惯上不用冠词。

(6)在表示祝愿的句子中。例如：

May you have a pleasant trip. 祝你旅途愉快。

1. “Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. (2010英语二Text 3)

【念念有词】

I)succeed v. 成功，办妥；发迹；获得成效；兴旺；继承，接替。He succeeded in the exam.（他考试成功了。）；He has no son to succeed him.（他没有儿子继承他。）；Her embarrassment was succeeded by fear.（她先是尴尬，继而感到很害怕。）

II)pattern n. 型，模式，样式；花样，图案；榜样，典范；vt. 仿制，用图案装饰；仿照…的样子。This system sets the pattern for others to follow.（这个系统堪为他人仿效的典范。）；She patterned her wedding dress after her mother’s.（她的结