考研长难句：倒装句

考研长难句：倒装句
为了强调、突出而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句（Inverted Sentence）。

在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。

从结构上来讲，倒装句可以分为：部分倒装和全部倒装
1.部分倒装【第1-7句】
只将谓语的一部分（如助动词或系动词）放在主语前面，其余部分仍在主语之后。

(1)在以“only+状语”开头的句子中，主谓要倒装。

这里only后面必须跟有它修饰的状语或状语从句，这是关键。

否则就不倒装。

例如：
Only after the war was over was man able to realize the wickedness of the atomic bomb.
只是在战争结束后人类才意识到原子弹的可恶。

(注意：only 引导的状语从句不倒装，主句倒装。

)
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
只在那时我才意识到英语的重要性。

Only in this way can we improve ourselves.
只有用这种方法我们才能不断提高自己。

Only after you finish it can you leave.
只有结束它以后，你才能离开。

(主句倒装)
注意：Only 如不在句首，或only 修饰的不是状语，则不倒装。

如：
The contract was signed only after bitter negotiations.
只有在艰苦的谈判以后，合同才得以签署。

(改成倒装：Only after bitter negotiations was the contract signed.)
(2)句首中有否定词或否定短语时，句子要部分倒装。

常见的否定词有：never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely, seldom, not only, not until, nor, little, nowhere, hardly….when, no sooner….than, by no means, under no circumstances 等。

（但这时候也存在特例，假如否定词不是修饰整个句子，而只是限定句子主语，则不用倒装：Not only I but also he has been there.我和他都在那) 例如：
Never have I come across such a difficult problem.
我还从没有遇到过这样困难的问题。

Seldom do I read such magazines.
我很少读这种杂志。

No sooner had they left than the bus arrived.
他们刚走，公共汽车就来了。

Hardly did I think it possible.
我想这几乎不可能。

Not only should we not be afraid of difficulties, but we should try our best to overcome them.
我们不但应该不怕困难，而且要尽最大努力克服困难。

Not until midnight did it stop raining.
直到半夜雨才停。

(正常语序是：It did not stop raining until midnight. 注意not位置的变化)
By no means will this method produce satisfactory results.
这种方法决不会产生令人满意的结果。

(3)固定形式。

如：“So+a./adv.”及“to the extent/degree”放在句首，表示程度，句子须倒装。

例如：
To such a degree did he go on with tedious speech that some of us began to yawn.
他的演讲空洞到这种程度以致于我们都开始打瞌睡了。

(4)在含有were, should, had的虚拟语气中，省去if后，须倒装，要把从句中的were, had 或should 移到主语之前。

If I had been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
=Had I been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
如果我在你的位置，我不会这样早放弃。

If he were to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.
=Were he to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.
如果他能成功，太阳就会从西边出来。

If you should be asked about this, say that you know nothing.
=Should you be asked about this, say……
如果有人问起你这件事，你就说你什么也不知道。

(5)当连词as 表示“虽然、尽管”引导让步状语从句时，句子要倒装，as 相当于though,可以替换。

如：
Small as/though the atom is, we can smash it.
尽管原子很小，我们可以击碎它。

Tired as/though he was, he went on working.
(=Although he was very tired, he went on working.)
虽然他很累，他还是接着工作。

Child as/though she is, she knows a great deal.
她虽然是个孩子，但她懂得很多。

注意:可数名词单数作表语并提前，习惯上不用冠词。

(6)在表示祝愿的句子中。

例如：
May you have a pleasant trip. 祝你旅途愉快。

1. “Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. (2010英语二Text 3)
【念念有词】
I)succeed v. 成功，办妥；发迹；获得成效；兴旺；继承，接替。

He succeeded in the exam.（他考试成功了。

）；He has no son to succeed him.（他没有儿子继承他。

）；Her embarrassment was succeeded by fear.（她先是尴尬，继而感到很害怕。

）
II)pattern n. 型，模式，样式；花样，图案；榜样，典范；vt. 仿制，用图案装饰；仿照…的样子。

This system sets the pattern for others to follow.（这个系统堪为他人仿效的典范。

）；She patterned her wedding dress after her mother’s.（她的结
婚礼服是照她母亲的做的。

）
III)retire vt. 退休，退役；退下，退出，撤退；就寝；（财政）清偿，付清（债务）。

She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.（她因为生病的缘故被迫提早离开教书岗位。

）；My wife usually retires at 10 o’clock.（我妻子通常十点就寝。

）
【句理力争】
本句采用了引述倒装结构，使用了直接引语，主语是Carol Berning，谓语是said，宾语是引号中的句子。

a consumer psychologist…作同位语，补充交代主语Carol Berning的身份，此外还有一个who引导的定语从句，修饰a consumer psychologist。

the company that…也是同位语，修饰Procter & Gamble，其中嵌套了that引导的定语从句。

【译译生辉】
“当我们的产品成为每日或每周生活模式的一部分时，我们的产品就成功了。

”最近刚从宝洁公司退休的消费心理学家Carol Berning这样说道。

宝洁公司的汰渍、佳洁士及其他品牌产品去年的销售额高达760亿美元。

2. According to the standard history of American philosophy,nowhere else in colonial America was “so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.”(2009 Text 4)
【念念有词】
I)philosophy n. 哲学；哲理，人生哲学；宗旨，行为准则。

moral philosophy(道德准则)；the development of different philosophies（不同哲学的发展）；Her philosophy of life is to take every opportunity that presents itself.（她的处世态度是不放过任何呈现在眼前的机会。

）
II)nowhere ad.任何地方都不；pron. 没有地方；偏僻的地方；a. 无望成功的。

Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen. (1997词汇)（在自然界很难找到纯净的铝，这是因为它总会和其他元素相结合，尤其是氧。

）get nowhere(使无进展，使不能成功)；get nowhere with the project(项目毫无进展)；nowhere near(远远不，远不及)。

III)colonial a.殖民地的；（动物，植物）集群的，群体的；n. 殖民地当地人；殖民地居民。

Western colonial attitudes（西方的殖民主义态度）；the struggle against colonial rule（对于殖民主义的反抗）；The town was first established in colonial times.（这个城镇最初建立于殖民时期。

）
IV)attach vt. 系，贴，连接；附上（有关文件）；认为有（重要性、责任等）；（重要性，价值）归属于；与...在一起。

They have attached a number of conditions to the agreement（他们在协议上附加了一些条件。

）No blame attaches to you.（你没有什么可谴责的。

）They were all too ready to attach themselves to you for the whole day.（他们都非常乐意整天跟你在一起。

）
【句理力争】
本句的主干在后半句：nowhere else…was…”so much importance attached…”（没有哪个地方像这里一样“如此重视…”），因为含有否定意义的nowhere在句首，所以使用了倒装结构，还原成正常语序是：So much importance was attached to intellectual pursuits nowhere else in colonial America.本句还使用了被动语态，变成主动语态是：People attached so much importance to intellectual pursuits nowhere else in colonial America.
【译译生辉】
依照美国标准哲学史记载，在殖民时期的美国，没有哪个地方（比新英格兰）“更重视对于知识的追求”。

3. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Rose in 1992.(1997 Text4)
【念念有词】
I)debate vt. 辩论，争论，讨论。

vi. 辩论，争论，讨论。

n. 辩论；辩论会。

He bowled down his opponent in the debate.(他在辩论中彻底驳倒了对方。

)
II)take over 接管；接收。

I'm going to take over the company one day. (我总有一天会接管这家公司。

)【同义词】receive/take charge of
【句理力争】
本句的主干：At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin，......且此部分是倒装句，把状语At the core of this debate提前，主语是chairman Gerald Levin。

who took over for the late Steve Rose in 1992引导的定语从句，修饰Gerald Levin。

【译译生辉】
争论的焦点是56岁的现任董事长杰拉德·列文，他于1992年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫·罗斯。

4.Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.(1998Text 4)
【念念有词】
I)emerge vi. 浮现；摆脱；暴露。

emerge from(自…出现；从…显露出来)。

A large number of independent African countries emerge at a historic moment.(一大批非洲独立国家应运而生。

) regional adj. 地区的；局部的；整个地区的。

The Garden's menu is based on Hawaiian regional cuisine.(花园饭店的菜肴以夏威夷地区的烹饪风格为基础。

) 【同义词】partial/local
II)standstill n. 停顿；停止。

If they lose access to these applications and tools,business comes to a standstill.(如果失去了对这些应用和工具的访问，业务将会停止。

)
【句理力争】
本句是倒装句，正常的语序是：The picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition is emerging from the 1980 census, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill. 介词短语of a nation developing more and more regional competition作后置定语修饰the picture，其中的现在分词短语developing more and more regional competition修饰a nation。

As引导的从句作伴随状语。

【译译生辉】
1980年人口普查显示，随着东北部和中西部人口增长近乎停止，这个国家形成了越来越多的地方性竞争。

5. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoeuml; Zysman. (2004 Text 2)
【句理力争】
本句主干是：Less well known is the advantage ......，是表语提前引起的完全倒装句，that引导的定语从句修饰advantage。

【译译生辉】
至于亚当·艾博特在生活方面的优越性较之佐伊·齐斯曼就鲜为人知了。

6.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities”for stress. (2008 Text1)
【念念有词】
I)add to 加入，加到；增加。

add up to合计; 总计; 总计是; 合计为。

While this is an intellectually worthwhile goal,it does not usually add to the body of useful languages.(虽然这是在智力上值得做的目标，但是它通常不能添加到有用的语言体中。

)【同义词】enhance/boost/improve/accelerate/mount
II)stress n. 压力；强调；紧张；重要性；重读。

vt. 强调；使紧张；加压力于；用重音读。

stress on(对…的强调。

) Katy could think clearly when not under stress.(凯泰在没有精神压力时能够清晰地思考。

) She stresses the syllables as though teaching a child.(她重读这些音节，像教小孩似的。

)【同义词】n.压力；强调；紧张；重要性；重读pressure/significance/intensity/heat/tension vt.强调；使紧张；加压力于；用重音读emphasize/tension/highlight
【句理力争】
本句是倒装句，正常的语序是：A woman’s increased “opportunities”for stress are adding to her increased dose of stress chemicals. 其中are adding to是该句谓语。

for stress是“opportunities”的后置定语。

【译译生辉】
使女性因压力产生的化学物质增多的问题更加严重的是，她们承受压力的“机会”越来越多。

7. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically. (2014 Text 2)
【念念有词】
I)opponent n. 对手，反对者，敌手。

a political opponent(一个政治对手)；opponents of the regime (政权的反对者)；leading/main/chief opponent(主要对手)。

II)isolate v. 使隔离；使绝缘；使孤立；使绝缘；n. 被隔离的人（或物）。

isolate sb. / yourself / sth. (from sb./sth.) (使…隔离，孤立，脱离)。

He was immediately isolated from the other prisoners.（他立即从其他囚犯中隔离出去。

）；Researchers are still trying to isolate the gene that causes this abnormality.（研究人员仍在试图把引发变异的基因分离出来。

）
III)ethically ad. 伦理上；道德上。

Doctors felt ethically obliged to continue the treatment.（医生们认为从道德上讲有义务继续治疗。

）；This action is ethically questionable.（从道德层面上讲，该行动是很可疑的。

）；ethical a. 伦理的，合乎道德规范的；有益于人类的；环保的。

ethical issues/questions/problems (伦理/道德问题)。

【句理力争】
该句中的there be 句型是一个典型的全部倒装句，真正的主语是pressure for change from within the profession，but后面的分句包含了一个从句，即insist后面that引导的宾语从句。

从句的主语是一个动名词短语keeping outsiders out of a low firm，谓语动词是isolate，后面的rather than相当于instead of，表示“而不是”，连接的是make money和severe client。

【译译生辉】
行业内部有要求变革的压力，但是来自监管层的反对变革者却坚持认为，不让外人进入律师事务所能确保律师尽职尽责地服务客户，而不要受制于赚钱压力。

全部倒装：将整个谓语部分全部放在主语之前。

【第1句】
(1)介词短语形成的地点状语置于句首，这种情况较多。

例如：
On the ground lies a man whose leg is broken.
地上躺着一位男士，他的腿受伤了。

(2)Such位于句首。

例如：
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
爱因斯坦就是这样一个取得了伟大成就的单纯的人。

Such was the story he told me. 这就是他给我讲的故事。

(3)用于以表示处所、声音等意义的副词开头的句子。

用表示运动的不及物动词(如out, in, along here, there，go, come, rush, fly 等)作谓语时，为了表示生动，可将某些副词放在句首，谓语动词放在主语之前，形成倒装结构。

例如：Away flew the birds. 鸟儿飞走了。

Out went the children. 孩子们出去了。

There comes the bus! 汽车来了。

Down came the rain. 下起大雨来了。

Bang went the firecracker. 爆竹砰的一声响了。

The door burst open and in rushed a stranger.
门突然开了，一个陌生人冲了进来。

(4)倒装还可用在强调表语、状语和宾语的句子中，把表语、状语和宾语提到主语前。

例如：Happy is he who devotes himself to the cause of communism.
他很乐意投身于共产主义事业。

At the center of the big room over there is a table that is made of wood which is imported from Brazil of South America.
在那边那个大房子的中央有一张用从南美洲的巴西进口的木头做成的桌子。

Still wider will be the use of radar, which plays a very important role in our national defense.
雷达在我们的国防事业中起着非常重要的作用，它的用处将会更广泛。

Written in English on the blackboard were these words: “Merry Christmas!”
在黑板上用英语写着这么几个字：“圣诞快乐!”
Present at the meeting were the school headmaster, the English teacher, and the students’parents.
出席会议的有校长、英语教师和学生们的家长。

(5)There be 句型的倒装，表达的意思是：“某处有….”。

这个句型的主语在谓语动词后面，因此这是倒装语序。

例如：
There are not many people who want to read this book.
想看这本书的人不多。

There once lived a pack of wolves in this cave.
在这个洞里曾经住过一群狼。

1. In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education. (2013英语二Text 1)
【念念有词】
I)support vt. 支持，拥护；支撑；供养，赡养；证实；n. 支持，资助；支撑，支撑物；支持者；证据。

support sb. in (doing) sth.(在(做)某事上支持某人)；support sb. by (doing) sth. (通过做某事支持某人)；in support of sb./sth. (支持或支援某人/事物)；There is strong public support for the change.（公众大力支持这一变革。

）；The studies support our findings.（这些研究证实了我们的发现。

）
II)employment n. 工作，职业；雇用；使用。

full-time / part-time employment(全职/兼职工作)；employment opportunities/prospects (就业机会/前景)；The government is aiming at full employmen t.（政府在致力于达到全面就业。

）；in employmen t(有工作,受雇用)。

III)ensure v. 确定，担保，保证。

Please ensure(that) all lights are switched off.（请确保所用的灯都是关着的。

）She would ensure him a place in society.（她会保证他有社会地位。

）
【句理力争】
本句由but连接的两个分句构成，分句均为主从复合句。

第一个分句为there be 倒装结构，其中where average is officially over是定语从句，we need to do to support employment是省略了that的定语从句。

but之后是第二个分句，主语是nothing，谓语是would be，其后的部分为表语，that ensures…是定语从句，其中嵌套了宾语从句that every American has access to post-high school education.
【译译生辉】
在平庸时代正式结束的世界里，我们需要采取多种措施保障就业，但在21世纪，最重要的莫过于通过一些《退伍军人权利法案》之类的法案来确保每一个美国人都有机会接受高等教育。