名词性从句的翻译
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B 有时候在翻译同位语从句时,可以将其放在所 修饰的名词前面,相当于前置的修饰语,但不一 定使用定语的标志词“的”。这种情况下,同位 语从句都是比较简单。 We know the fact that bodies possess weight. 我们都知道物体具有重量这一事实。 The rumor that he was arrested was unfounded. 关于他被捕的传闻是没有根据的。
A 单词、短语作同位语的译法 一般来说,同位语从句可以直接翻译在主句后面。 According to Synder, my cousin, Oswald mentioned this matter. -根据我表兄斯奈德的叙述,奥斯瓦得提到过 这件事。(提前) We two like to go there. 我们两个都想去。
比较上述各句,联系英汉民族思维差异:英语民族重直线思维, 要点先给出,其他信息再一一增补;汉语民族重曲线思维,先侧 面,外围,后点出信息的重点。因而,英语(前重心)是头短尾 长,汉语是(后重心),头大尾小。 C. 有what, whatever, whoever, when, whether等引导出的主 语从句通常可按正常语序译出。如: 1. What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad. --难得的是一辈子做好事而不做坏事。 2. What the students find most difficult in English is its idiomatic usage. --学生感到, 英语最困难的地方是它的习惯用法 3. Whatever was said here must be kept secret. --这里说的每句话都应当保密。 4. Who will monitor the class is not decided yet. --谁当班长还没决定。 5. When her parents will come hasn’t been under consideration. --她的父母什么时候到来还没有(纳入)考虑。
翻译下列同位语从句
That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
理论联系实际一直是我们的准则(原则)。
It is a common knowledge that weight is a pull exerted on an object by the earth.
IV表语从句
英语中的表语从句放在连系动词后面,充当表语成分, 一般可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译。 It seems that it is going to snow. 看起来要下雪了。 That is why Jack got scolded. 这就是杰克受到训斥的原因。 The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people. 问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。 His view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or against him. 他对新闻界的看法是,记者们不是支持他,就是反 对他。
B. “It +谓语(表语)+that”句型 这样的主语从句句型可处理为: (1) 先把主句的谓语或表语部 分译成独立语,然后顺译出从句;(2) 颠倒原文句子结构,先译 出从句,再译出主句。如: 1. It is strange that she has failed to see his advantages. --真奇怪,她竟然没有看出他的优点。 2. It goes without saying that plants cannot grow without sunshine. --毋庸置疑,没有阳光,植物就不能生长。 3. It is quite obvious that the girl still loves you deeply. --很明显,这个女孩依然深爱着你。 4. It follows that the Chinese comrades consider Korea’s cause as their own. ? --由此得出,中国同志把朝鲜的事情看成自己的事情。
II.宾语从句的译法
A 普通句型 以从属连词、连接代词或介词引起的宾语从句汉译时, 词序一般不变。如: I have not made up my mind as to what elective course I am to take next term. --我还有决定下学期上哪些选修课。 This shows that something unexpected may have turned up. --这表明可能出现了意外情况。 Lei Feng always thought how he could do more for people. --雷锋总是想到怎样为人民做更多的事。 She was never satisfied with what she had achieved. --她从不满足于她取得的成就。 Zhang San replied that he was very sorry. --张三回答说,他感到很遗憾。
C.英语中有时为了修辞强调, 把宾语从句置于 主句前,汉译时 也可遵从该修辞效果,顺序译 出。如: 24. Whether they like it or not, I don’t care. 他们喜不喜欢,我可不管。 25. What they were asked to do in 10 days, they finished in two. 让他们是天做的事,他们两天就做完了。
B. 用it 作形势宾语的句子,汉译时,宾语从句可按原文 译出,但it 可省译。 1. I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. 我让你自己判断,这件事该不该做。 2. I made it clear to the students that they must hand in their assignments before 11 a.m. 我给学生讲明,他们必须在上午11点前交作业。 3. I think it quite true that he ventured out to Shangri-la. 他又冒险去香格里拉了,我觉得这件事千真万确。
重量是地球作用在物体上的引力,这是大家都知道的。
Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate?
你是否已决定提名谁当候选人了?
That is where you are wrong. 这正是你错的地方。 We had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 我们不得不正视这样的事实:我们的前景并 不妙。
4. It is quite possible that someday John will come to see you again. --总有一天约翰会来找你的,这是很有可能 的哦! 5.It is frequently the case that his car breaks down on the highway. --他的车在路上抛锚,这是常有的事儿。 6. It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air. --物体在水中比在空气中轻,这是一种(大 家共有的)常识。
C 增加“即”(或者“以为”)这样的词来连接,或用 冒号、破折号直接分开主句和同位语从句。 But this does not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrational. 但这却丝毫改变不了这样一个事实,即从实用的观 点来看,他们今天仍是不合理的。 We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth. 我们已经得出这样的结论:实践是检验真理的标准。 Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics. 不久前,科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现——可 以把这种废物变成塑料。
名词性从句的翻译
英语名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句。在翻译时,词序 一般不变,但有时也需采取一些其他处理 方法。
I. 主语从句的译法
A.“It+被动语态+that”句型 这种句型通常要译成汉语里的主动句,并增译出“大家”“我们” “有人” “人们”等泛指性的主语。该译法的特点保留了原文句子结 构的前后顺序,即:先主句,后从句。有时也可译为“据……”的句 型。如: 1. It is reported that the Summit Meeting will be held in December. --据报道,这个峰会将在12月举行。 2. It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real. --可能有人会提出,无线电广播同样能够做到这一点;但是在 电视屏幕上,每个节目都显得更加生动,更加真实。 3. It is well known that alloy is a metal product containing two or more elements. --众所周知(大家都知道),合金是一种含有两种或两种以上 元素的金属产品。
III.同位语从句的翻译
同位语从句主要是用来对名词作进一步的解释,说明名 词的具体内容。能接同位语从句的名词主要有:belief (相信),fact(事实),hope(希望), idea(想法, 观点),doubt(怀疑),news(新闻,消息), rumor(传闻),conclusion(结论),evidence(证 据),suggestion(建议),problem(问题),order (命令),answer(回ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu),decision(决定), discovery(发现),explanation(解释), information(消息),knowledge(知识),law(法 律),opinion(意见,观点),truth(真理,事实), promise(承诺),report(报告),thought(思想), statement(声明),rule(规定),possibility(可能) 等。
D 作适当扩充或加破折号、冒号 Her son, my employer’s nephew, was himself an assistant in the shop. 她的儿子,也就是我老板的侄子,也在店里 当伙计。 But in three hours we reached our destination, A prison. 但三小时之后我们就到了目的地——A监狱。